il | — Bunits 4 True (children who as preschoolers were able to coordinate play witha friend, monage conflicts, ond keep an interaction positive in tone were most likely as teenagers to avoid the negative sibling interaction that can sometimes 1.2 ‘Speaker | Topic | Words that helped you | Person/People (a-4) they would talk to a 1 | academically, strugating | tutor with an assignment c 3 | getocor (tig) brother D 2 | violin, piono, cello, | grandad popular bonds, singers, clossical music 13 2A 3D 4B 14 1 in common 2 bond / connection (bond is usually used to describe a very close relationship between people) 3 establish / develop ... with 4 break down 5 between 6 conflict 22 1 nurture 2 accommodating 3 sibling 4 relate 5 adolescence 6 rewarding 7 interaction 23 1 True (Children who experience o rewarding friendship before the birth of sibling are likely to have o better relationship with that brother or sister that endures throughout their chilchood 2 False (When early friendships are successful, young children get the chance to master sophisticated social ond, ‘emotional skills, even more than they do with o parent.) 3 False (When parents relate to 0 child, they do a lot of the work, figuring out what the child needs ond then. ‘accommodating those needs... However, this is not usually. the case when two children are interacting ) 4132 lounch children on a path of anti-social behavior) 5 True (From birth, parents can nurture and help develop these social competencies (or skills) by making eye contact with their babies, offering toys and playing with them) 24 1 family 2 adopt 3 relationship (correlation is also possible, but not relation) 4 relative S related 6 nurture 7 conflict 8 rel 3.4. and 3.2 ‘immediate family, extended family, family gatherings, sibling rivalry, stable upbringing, active role, family resemblance, physical resemblance, striking resemblance*, maternal instinct * does not appear in the recording 33 1 close-knit 2 ties 5 stubborn 3 alike 6 inherited 4 temperament Test practice Listening Section 4 1 Alex/Alexandra 2 3ftnee 3 8 November / November 8 / 8.11/ 11.8 4 Sffive 5 108 Park Road 6 grandmother T sleeping / falling asleep 8 dress / get dressed 9 Monday (and) Tuesday 10 4:00 / Apm / four o'clockBunit2 — 12 1 behaviour 2 gestures 3 Toddler 5 climb make-believe / imagination 8B immature 9 rapid 10 teeth / eyes 12 skills 4 independent 7 outside world 11 eyes /teeth 13 1 acquired 2 imitating 3 unassisted / without support 4 spontaneously 5 mastered 6 stage, period 14 Verb Noun Adjective develop development | developed / developing /overdeveloped grow growth fally-grown / overgrown ‘mature /reach maturity — | mature maturity 24 2 rate 3 peers 4 consequence 5 unparalleled 6 may/ typically 7 abstract 8 concept 2.2 Childhood Parenthood crawling nurturing immature overindulgent irresponsible overprotective rebellious patient throw a tantrum tolerant unsteady 2.3 1 period 2 growth 3 grew 4 gained 5 rate 6 significantly 3 2036 4F SC 6B 7H BA 42 memory, reminisce, look back, remind, memorise, forget, reminder 43 2 reminders memories 4 memory memorise 3 remember remind 5 remind remember Answer key Test practice General Training Writing Task 1 Model answer Dear Sir or Madam Tama student at Sheffield University and I recently saw an advertisement for your course on improving memory. | am a mature student as I began working when I finished high school, then married and fooked after my three children, Having returned to studying after a break of ten years, | am finding it quite difficult to remember important facts from my course. I find that I have to concentrate very hard to memorise even small amounts of information. I have tried using acronyms to remind me of important facts, but I stil find it rather difficult. I have heard about visualisation and association techniques, but I am not sure how to use these effectively and I would be very interested in learning other strategies, I would be grateful if you could give me more detailed information about the methods that you use on the course, as well as the cost and dates of your courses. As lama full-time mother and a part-time student I do not have a great deal of free time, so I hope you can offer flexible hours T think I could benefit a great deal from your course and look forward to your reply Yours faithfully Hunts 12 1 variety 2 nutrients 3 servings 4 maintain 5 overweight 6 factors 7 overeating 8 ingredients 13 1 vital 2 dietitians 3 moderate 4 portions 5 skipping 6 curb 7 appetite 8 eliminate 9 allergy 10 trigger 24 1 muscle 2 fat 3 blood flow 4 carries blood 5 blocked 6 treatment 7 brain 8 cure 9 clear 10 risk 2.2 1 (any three) walking, jogging, running, swimming, cycling 2 B briskly C gradually D recommendation E pace f overdoing G recover H alternate 133Answer key 1 True (In prehistoric times, the physical changes in response to stress were an essentiol adaptation for 2 True (If stress becomes persistent and low-level, however, all parts of the body's stress apparatus (the brain, heart, lungs, vessels, and muscles) become chronically over- or 4 False (Some evidence suggests thot repeated release of stress hormone disrupts normal levels of serotonin, and serotonin is ‘the nerve chemical that is critical for feelings of well-being’. So stress reduces the level of serotonin.) SB (those (women) with moderate stress levels had the lowest risk (of suicide). A and C are wrong because there is no comparison made between men and women in this study. Dis wrong because we are told: 0 2003, study found a higher risk for suicide in wamen reporting 6 B(Aand C are wrong because we are told: 0 2002 study in Scotland found no greater risk for actual heart disease or heart events even in men who reported higher mental stress. B is correct because the text says: men_ with high stress levels did tend to complain of chest pain ‘and to go to the hospital for it more often than those with lower stress. D is incorrect because we are told the men 3 Test practice Nou Verb Adjecive ‘Academic Reading alleray allergic benefit Denefit beneficial meeting natural threats.) harm ‘orm hrormful opp. = harmless health heolthy opp. = unhealthy under-octivoted.) 3 Not given infection infect infectious onp.= disinfect sutrition ‘nourish nutritious obesity obese prevention prevent preventable recommendation | recommend recommended variety voy various / varied aa both low and very high stress. 8 3 both, birth, breath, death, | bothe, breathe, mouth (7). growth, health, mouth (a), | teethe, writke teeth 4.2 1 breath 2 teething: teeth 3 health 4 birth 5 writhing 6 breathe 5 2 variety of 3 vital 4 overweight 5 prevent 6 obesity 7 recommend 8 alternate 6 Model answer 1 think in some ways we are less fit than 0 years ago because obesity was less of a problem then, But we're also healthier in that we are more aware of the risks of smoking. Although exercise has become more popular, fewer children, participate in sports than SO years ago because now they spend too much time playing computer games, which weren't around SO years ago. 2 When I was young my mum cooked all of our meals and she would spend a lot of time in the kitchen, Now that | ive by myself I find I'm too busy to cook or shop for food, so [ tend to eat too much junk food nowadays 3 [hope that they will stop making food with so many additives in and that fast food will become a lot healthier. I also think there will be more variety in fast food 134 did tend to complain of chest pain) 7 C (Different stress factors may affect genders differently.) 8 B (the ways women cope with stress may be more heart protective) 9. B (marital stress - not work stress-wos associated with ‘more severe heart disease in women) 10 € (However, there is some hope for sufferers in this oreo as relaxation therapy has been found to reduce stress levels and consequently improve the quality of sleep) The text also tells us that a reduction in stress has not been shown to help for both A and B. 11 A (Some studies have clearly essocioted job dissatisfaction ond depression to back pain, although it is still unclear if stress is 0 direct couse) 12. B (Stress con have varying effects on eating problems and weight. Often stress is related to weight gain .. In contrast, some people suffer a loss of appetite and consequently lose weight.) 13 A (Some research suggests that headache sufferers ‘may actually have some biological predisposition for tronslating stress into muscle contractions.)