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المختصر فى علم الأخلاق للعضد الإيجي
المختصر فى علم الأخلاق للعضد الإيجي
ْ َْ َ
ِ ِﻋﻠِﻢ اﻷﺧﻼِق
اﻟﻘﻀﺎة ﻟﻘﺎ
ﻋﻀﺪ ا ﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﺮ ﻦ ﺑﻦ أ ﺪ اﻹﻳ
) 680ـ 756ﻫ(
اﻋﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﻪ
ﻧﺰار ﺣـﱠﻤـﺎدي
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اﻟﺼ َﻼُة َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻧﺒِﱢﻴِﻪ ُﻣَﺤﱠﻤٍﺪ َوآﻟ ِِﻪ. ِِ ِ ِ
اﻟﺤْﻤُﺪ ﻟـﱠﻠﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻧَﻮاﻟﻪَ ،و ﱠ َ
ت.وﺑﻌُﺪَ ،ﻓﻬَﺬا ﻣْﺨَﺘﺼﺮ ﻓِﻲ ِﻋْﻠِﻢ اﻷَْﺧ َﻼِق ،ورﱠﺗﺒُﺘﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ َأرﺑ ِﻊ ﻣَﻘَﺎﻻ ٍ
َْ َ ََ ْ ُ َ ُ َ ٌ ََْ
َ ُ ََ َُ
ا ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟـﻰ
ُْ َ
ﻓ ِـﻲ ا ﻈِﺮي ِﻣﻨﻪ
ﻮﻟٍﺔ ﻣِْﻦ َﻏْﻴِﺮ َرِوﱠﻳٍﺔ. اﻟﻨْﻔَﺴﺎﻧِﱠﻴُﺔ ﺑُِﺴُﻬ َ
اﻟﺨُﻠُﻖَ :ﻣَﻠَﻜٌﺔ َﺗْﺼُﺪُر َﻋْﻨَﻬﺎ اﻷَْﻓَﻌُﺎل ﱠ
ُ
اﻟﻌَﻘ َﻼِءَ .وَﺗَﺨﱡﻠ ُ
ﻒ ﺎق ُ اﻟﺸﺮ ِع ﺑِِﻪَ ،وﱢاﺗَﻔ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َوُﻳْﻤﻜُﻦ َﺗْﻐﻴُِﻴﺮَﻫﺎ؛ ﻟﱠﻠﺘْﺠِﺮَﺑﺔَ ،وﻟُﻮُرود ﱠ ْ
ِ
ﺎوُة. ﻳﻄَﻬﺎَ :اﻟﺠْﺮَﺑَﺰُةَ ،وَﺗْﻔِﺮ ُ اﻟﺤْﻜَﻤُﺔَ ،وإِْﻓَﺮ ُ ﺎﻋﺘَِﺪُاﻟـﻬﺎِ : ـ اﻟﻨﱡْﻄُﻖَ .ﻓ ْ
اﻟﻐَﺒ َ اﻃَﻬﺎَ : َ
اﻟﺠْﺒُﻦ.
ﻳﻄَﻬﺎُ : اﻟﺘَﻬﱡﻮُرَ ،وَﺗْﻔِﺮ ُاﻃَﻬﺎ :ﱠﺎﻋُﺔَ ،وإِْﻓَﺮ ُاﻟﺸَﺠ َ ﺎﻋﺘَِﺪُاﻟـَﻬﺎ :ﱠ ﺐَ .ﻓ ْ ـ َو َ
اﻟﻐَﻀ ُ
ﻮد. ﻳﻄَﻬﺎُ :ﻮرَ ،وَﺗْﻔِﺮ ُ اﻃَﻬﺎُ : اﻟﻌﱠﻔُﺔَ ،وإِْﻓَﺮ ُﺎﻋﺘَِﺪُاﻟـﻬﺎِ : اﻟﺸْﻬَﻮُةَ .ﻓ ْ
ـ َو ﱠ
اﻟﺨُﻤ ُ اﻟﻔُﺠ ُ َ
ﺐرذاﺋﻞَ ،ﻓِﻬﻲ ِﺳﱠﺘٌﺔ ﺑَِﺤَﺴ ِ اف َ َ ِ ُ
ثَ ،واﻷَْﻃَﺮ ُ اﻟﻔَﻀﺎﺋُِﻞ ِﻫﻲ َ ْ َ ُ
اﻷوﺳﺎطَ ،ﻓِﻬﻲ َﺛ َﻼ ٌ َو َ
َ َ َ
اﻟﻜﱢﻤﱠﻴِﺔ.
َ
اﻟﺤْﻜﻤِﺔ َﻓَﻜﻤﻦ ﻳَﺘﻌﱠﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻟ ِـﻤﺠﺎرِاة اﻟﻌَﻠﻤ ِ اﻟﻜﻴِﻔﻴِﺔَ ،أﻣﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِ ِ
ﺎء ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َُ ُ َ َ َ َوﻣْﻨَﻬﺎ َرَدَاءُة َ ْ ﱠ ﱠ
ﺎء.وﻣـﻤﺎرِاة اﻟﺴَﻔﻬ ِ
ﱡ َ َ ُ َ َ
ﻴﻤِﺔ. ﻴﺖ و َ ِ
اﻟﻐﻨ َ
ِ ِ
ﺎرُﺳَﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﱢﺼ َ ﺎﻋِﺔ َﻓَﻜَﻤْﻦ ُﻳَﻤ ِ
اﻟﺸَﺠ َ َوَأﱠﻣﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ
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اﻵﺧَﺮِةَ ،أِو
ﺎض َأْﻛ َﺜﺮ ﻣِْﻨﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِ
َ َ اﻋﺘَِﻴ َ اﻟﻌﱠﻔِﺔ َﻓَﻜَﻤْﻦ َﺗَﺮَك ﱠ
اﻟﻠﱠﺬَة َوَﻳْﻘِﺼُﺪ ْ وَأﻣﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِ
َ ﱠ
ﺎه ﻓِﻲ ﱡ
اﻟﺪْﻧَﻴﺎ. اﻟﺠ ِ
َ
َوإِﱠﻧَﻤﺎ ِﻫَﻲ َﻓَﻀﺎﺋُِﻞ إَِذا َﻟْﻢ َﻳْﺸُﺒَﻬﺎ َﻏَﺮٌض َوَﺻَﺪَرْت ﺑِ َﻼ َرِوﱠﻳٍﺔ ِﻷَﱠﻧَﻬﺎ َﺧْﻴٌﺮ
َوَﻛَﻤٌﺎل.
ِ ٍ ِ
ُﺛﱠﻢ ﻟُﻜﱢﻞ َﻓﻀَﻴﻠﺔ ُﺷَﻌ ٌ
ﺐ.
ﻓﹶﻠِﻠﹾﺤِﻜﹾﻤﺔِ ﺳﺒﻌﺔﹲ:
ﻮب ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗْﺸِﻮﻳ ٍ
ﺶ. اﻟﻤْﻄُﻠ ِاج َ ﺲ ِﻻْﺳﺘِْﺨَﺮ ِ اﺳﺘِْﻌَﺪُاد ﱠ
اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ اﻟﺬْﻫِﻦْ : ﺎء ﱢـ َﺻَﻔ ُ
اﻟﻼ ِ ِ
زم. ﺎل ﻣَِﻦ َ ْ ُ ِ
اﻟﻤﻠﺰوم إَِﻟﻰ ﱠ اﻻﻧﺘَِﻘ ِ
اﻟﻔْﻬِﻢِ :ﺻﱠﺤُﺔ ْ ـ َﺟْﻮَدُة َ
اﻟﻨَﺘﺎﺋِ ِﺞ.
اح ﱠ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ْاﻗﺘَِﺪ ِ
ﺎءُ َ ْ ُ : ـ ﱠ
اﻟﺬَﻛ ُ
اﻟﺘﺼﻮِر :اﻟﺒﺤُﺚ َﻋِﻦ اﻷَْﺷﻴ ِ
ﺎء ﺑَِﻘْﺪِر َﻣﺎ ِﻫَﻲ َﻋَﻠْﻴِﻪ. َ َ ْ ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ ﱠ َ ﱡ
ﺎدِة َﺳْﻌٍﻲ.
ﻮب ﺑِ َﻼ ِزَﻳ َ
اﻟﻤْﻄُﻠ ِ ِ
ﺲ َﻋَﻠﻰ َدْرك َ اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ
اﻟﺘَﻌﱡﻠِﻢُ :ﻗﱠﻮُة ﱠ
ﻮﻟُﺔ ﱠ ـ ُﺳُﻬ َ
اﻟﻤْﺪَرَﻛِﺔ. ِ
اﻟﺼَﻮِر ُ ـ اﻟﺤْﻔُﻆَ :ﺿْﺒُﻂ ﱡ
ﻮﻇ ِ اﻟﺬْﻛﺮِ :
ﺎت. ﻟﻤْﺤُﻔ َ اﺳﺘْﺤَﻀُﺎر ا َ ـ ﱡ ُ ْ
ﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔِ ﺇِﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮ: ﻭﻟِﻠ
اﻟﺼَﻐ ِ
ﺎر. ِ
ﺎر َواﻟﻜْﺒِﺮ َو ﱠ اﻟﻴَﺴ ِ اﺳﺘِْﺤَﻘُﺎر َ
اﻟﻔْﻘِﺮ َو َ ﺲْ : ـ ﻛَِﺒُﺮ ﱠ
اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ
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اﻟﻄَﻤْﺄﻧَِﻴﻨُﺔ ِﻋْﻨَﺪ َﺳْﻮَرِة َ
اﻟﻐَﻀ ِ
ﺐ. ـ ِ
اﻟﺤْﻠُﻢ :ﱡ
وب.اﻟﺤُﺮ ِ ِ اﻟﺘَﺄﱢﻧﻲ ﻓِﻲ ُ اﻟﺴُﻜ ُ
ﻮﻣﺎت َو ُ اﻟﺨُﺼ َ ﻮن :ﱠ ـ ﱡ
ِ وﻧُﻪ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ اﻟﻔَﻀﺎﺋِ ِﻞ َوَﻣْﻦ ُد َ
ﺎم َذِوي َ اﺿﻊِ :
واﻟﺠﺎه.
اﻟﻤﺎل َ َ اﺳﺘْﻌَﻈ ُ اﻟﺘَﻮ ُ ُ ْ ـ ﱠ
اﻟﻌَﻈﺎﺋِِﻢ. ِ ِ
اﻟﺠﻤَﻴﻞ ﻣَﻦ َ اﻟﺬْﻛَﺮ َ ﺐ ﱢ ﻮﺟ ُص َﻋَﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳ ِ
َ ُ
ِ
اﻟﺸَﻬَﺎﻣُﺔ :اﻟﺤْﺮ ُ ـ ﱠ
ﺲ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺤﺴَﻨ ِ ِ
ﺎت. َ َ اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ
ﺎب ﱠ اﻻﺣﺘَﻤُﺎل :إِْﺗَﻌ ُ ـ ْ
اﻟﺘْﻬَﻤِﺔ.
ﻳﻦ ﻣَِﻦ ﱡاﻟﺪ ِ ِ
اﻟﺤَﺮِم َو ﱢاﻟﻤَﺤَﺎﻓَﻈُﺔ َﻋَﻠﻰ ُ اﻟﺤﻤﱠﻴُﺔُ : ـ َ
اﻟﺘَﺄﱢذي َﻋْﻦ َأًذى َﻳْﻠَﺤُﻖ َ
اﻟﻐْﻴَﺮ. اﻟﺮﱠﻗُﺔ :ﱠ
ـ ﱢ
ﻭﻟِﻠﹾﻌِﻔﱠﺔِ ﺇِﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮ:
اﻟﻘَﺒِﺎﺋ ِﺢ.
ﺎب َ ف ْارﺗَِﻜ ِ ﺲ َﺧْﻮ َ ﺎءْ :اﻧِﺤَﺼُﺎر ﱠ
اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ اﻟﺤَﻴ ُ
ـ َ
اﻟﻬَﻮى. ِ اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ
ﺲ َﻋْﻦ ُﻣَﺘﺎَﺑَﻌﺔ َ اﻟﺼْﺒُﺮَ :ﺣْﺒُﺲ ﱠ ـ ﱠ
اﻟﺸْﻬَﻮِة.ﺎن ﱠﻮن ِﻋْﻨَﺪ َﻫﻴﺠ ِ
َ َ اﻟﺴُﻜ ُ
اﻟﺪَﻋُﺔ :ﱡ ـ ﱠ
ﺎرِف
اﻟﻤَﺼ ِ ِ ٍ
ﺎل ﻣْﻦ َﻏْﻴِﺮ َﻣَﻬَﺎﻧﺔ َوَﻻ ُﻇْﻠٍﻢَ ،وإِْﻧَﻔُﺎﻗُﻪ ﻓﻲ َ
اﻟﻨَﺰاﻫُﺔْ :اﻛﺘِﺴﺎب اﻟﻤ ِ ِ
َ ُ َ ـ ﱠ َ
ﻴﺪِة. اﻟﺤِﻤ َ
َ
ﺎف. اﻟﻜَﻔ ِ
اﻻﻗﺘَِﺼُﺎر َﻋَﻠﻰ َ ﺎﻋُﺔْ : ـ َ
اﻟﻘَﻨ َ
ﺐ. اﻟﻤَﻄﺎﻟ ِ ِ اﻟﺘَﺄﱢﻧﻲ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺘَﻮﱡﺟﻪ َﻧْﺤَﻮ َ اﻟﻮَﻗُﺎر :ﱠ ـ َ
اﻟﺠِﻤﻴﻠِﺔ. ﺎد ﻟ َِﻤﺎ ُﻳَﺆﱢدي إَِﻟﻰ َ ْ َ ِ
اﻷﻋﻤﺎل َ
اﻻﻧِﻘﻴ ِ
اﻟﺮْﻓُﻖُ :ﺣْﺴُﻦ ْ َ ـ ﱢ
اﻟﻨْﻔَﺲ. ـ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺴﻤ ِ
ﺖَ :ﻣَﺤﱠﺒُﺔ َﻣﺎ ُﻳَﻜﱢﻤُﻞ ﱠ ُ ْ ُ ﱠ ْ
اﻟﺠِﻤَﻴﻠِﺔ.
ﺎل َاﻟﻮَرُعُ :ﻣ َﻼَزَﻣُﺔ اﻷَْﻋَﻤ ِ
ـ َ
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اﻟﻤَﺼﺎﻟ ِ ِﺢ. ِ اﻻﻧﺘ َِﻈُﺎمَ :ﺗْﻘِﺪُﻳﺮ اﻷُُﻣ ِ
ﻮر َوَﺗْﺮﺗُﻴﺒَﻬﺎ َﻋَﻠﻰ َ ـ ْ
ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ِﺳﱠﺘُﺔ َأْﻧَﻮا ٍع: ِ ِ ِ
ﺎء :إِْﻋَﻄُﺎء َﻣﺎ َﻳْﻨَﺒﻐﻲ ﻟَﻤْﻦ َﻳْﻨَﺒﻐﻲَ ،وَﻫَﺬا َ ْ َ ُ
اﻟﺴَﺨ ُ
ـ ﱠ
ﺲ. اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ
ﻴﺐ ﱠﻮﻟِﺔ َوﻃِ ِ
ﺎﻟﺴُﻬ َ اﻟﻜَﺮُمِ :
اﻹْﻋَﻄُﺎء ﺑِ ﱡ َ
ﺎﺗﻪ.ﻒ َﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﺟ ِ ِ ﻮن َﻣَﻊ َ اﻹَﻳﺜُﺎرَ :أْن َﻳُﻜ َِ
اﻟﻜ ﱢ ْ َ َ
اﻟﺴُﺮ ِ
ور. ﻳﻜﻮن َﻣَﻊ ﱡ اﻟﻨْﺒُﻞْ َ :
أن َ ُ َ ﱡ
ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻊ ﻣَﺸﺎرَﻛِﺔ اﻷَﺻِﺪَﻗ ِ اﻟﻤَﻮَاﺳُﺎةْ َ :
ﺎء. ْ أن َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ
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َُ ََ َُ
اﻟـﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺎ ِﻴﺔ
َْ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ
ﺣﻔِﻆ اﻷﺧﻼِق واﻛ ِﺴﺎﺑ ِﻬﺎ ِ ِ
ﺴﺘْﺤِﻔْﻈَﻬﺎ ﺑُِﻤ َﻼَزَﻣِﺔ َأْﻫِﻠَﻬﺎ ﻣَِﻦ َﻣْﻦ َﺣَﺼَﻞ َﻟُﻪ َﻓِﻀَﻴﻠٌﺔ ﺑَِﻜْﺴ ٍ
ﺐ َأْو َﻃْﺒ ٍﻊ َﻓْﻠَﻴ ْ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
اح
اﻟﻤ َﻼﻫﻲ َواﻟﻤَﺰ َ اﻻﺳﺘْﺮَﺳَﺎل ﻓﻲ َ ﺎرَ ،وَﻋَﺪِم ُﺻْﺤَﺒﺔ اﻷَْﺷَﺮِارَ ،وإِﱠﻳُﺎه َو ْ اﻷَْﺧَﻴ ِ
اﻟﻤَﺮَاء.و ِ
َ
ﻒ ِﻋْﻠِﻤﻴٍﺔ ِ ْ ِ ٍ
وﻓﻜﺮﻳﺔَ ،ﻓْﻠَﻴْﺬُﻛِﺮ َوَﺟ َﻼَﻟَﺘُﻪ َوَدَوَاﻣُﻪ َوَﺻَﻔَﺎءُه، َوْﻟَﻴُﺮْض َﻧْﻔَﺴُﻪ ﺑَِﻮَﻇﺎﺋِ َ
ﱠ َ ﱠ
اﻟﺪْﻧَﻴﺎ َوَزَوَاﻟَﻬﺎ َوَﺗَﻜﱡﺪَرَﻫﺎ. َوَﺣَﻘَﺎرَة ﱡ
ﺺ َﻗْﻮَل َأْﻋَﺪِاﺋِﻪ ِ ِ ِ ِ
اﻟﺼْﺪِق َﻣْﻦ ُﻳَﻨﱢﺒُﻬُﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻋْﻴﺒِﻪَ ،وَﻳَﺘَﻔﱠﺤ ُ َوَﻳْﺨَﺘُﺎر ﻣْﻦ َأْﺻﺪَﻗﺎء ﱢ
ﺎس َﻓَﻴْﺠَﺘﻨ ُِﺒَﻬﺎَ ،وإِْن اﻟﻨ ِ
ﺐ ﱠ ﻮﺑُﻪ َﻓَﻴْﺘُﺮُﻛَﻬﺎَ ،وَﻻ َﻳْﻘَﻨُﻊ َوَﻳْﻨُﻈُﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﻣَﻌﺎﻳِ ِ ِ
َوَﻳْﻌَﻠُﻢ ﻣْﻨُﻪ ُﻋُﻴ َ
اﻟﺼْﻌَﺒِﺔ.
ﺎﺿﺎت ﱠ
رَأى ُﻓُﺘﻮرا َﻃﻮَﻋﻬﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﺮﻳ َ ِ
ً ﱠ َ ﱢَ َ
اﻟﺘﻌﻨ ِﻴ ِ ِ ﺎب َ ِ ِ َوَﻣْﻦ َﺣَﺼَﻞ َﻟُﻪ َﻣَﺮٌض َﻓْﻠُﻴَﻌﺎﻟ ِْﺠُﻪ ﺑِْﺎرﺗَِﻜ ِ
ﻒ، اﻟﻤَﻘﺎﺑَِﻠﺔُ ،ﺛﱠﻢ ﱠ ْ اﻟﻔﻀَﻴﻠﺔ ُ
اﻵﺧِﺮ ،ﱡﺛﱠﻢ اﻟﻄَﺮِف َ ﺴﺘْﺤِﻔْﻆ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﻻ ُﻳَﺘَﺠﺎَوَز إَِﻟﻰ ﱠ اﻟﻤَﻘﺎﺑَِﻠِﺔَ ،ﻓْﻠَﻴ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﺮذَﻳﻠﺔ ُ ُﺛﱠﻢ ﱠ
اﻟﺸﱠﺎﻗِﺔ. ﺎت ﱠ ﺎﺿ ِ اﻟﺮَﻳ َ
ﱢ
ﻮﻋَﻬﺎَ ،ﻣَﻊ ِﻋ َﻼِﺟَﻬﺎ: اﺿﺎ ُﺟْﺰﺋِﱠﻴًﺔ َﻳْﻜُﺜُﺮ ُوُﻗ ُ َوْﻟَﻨْﺬُﻛْﺮ َأْﻣَﺮ ً
اﻟﻌْﻘﻠِﱠﻴِﺔ.
ﻴﻦ َ اﻟﻘَﻮاﻧِ ِ
اﻟﺤْﻴَﺮُةَ :ﺳَﺒُﺒَﻬﺎ َﺗَﻌُﺎرُض اﻷَِدﱠﻟِﺔَ ،وِﻋ َﻼُﺟَﻬﺎ ُﻣَﻤَﺎرَﺳُﺔ َ ـ َ
ﺎن َﻋْﻨَﻬﺎَ ،ﺑْﻞ اﻹْﻧَﺴ ُ ﺎم ﻟ َِﻔْﻘِﺪِﻫْﻢ َﻣﺎ ﺑِِﻪ َﻳْﻤَﺘُﺎز ِ
ﻴﻂَ :أْﺻَﺤُﺎﺑُﻪ َﻛﺎﻷَْﻧَﻌ ِ اﻟﺒِﺴ ُ اﻟﺠْﻬُﻞ َ ـ َ
ﺎوَراﺗِِﻬْﻢ. ِ ِ ِ ِ
ُﻫْﻢ َأَﺿﱡﻞَ .وُﻳَﻌَﺎﻟُﺞ ﺑُِﻤ َﻼَزَﻣﺔ ُ
اﻟﻌَﻠَﻤﺎء ﻟَﻴْﻈَﻬَﺮ َﻟُﻪ ُﻧْﻘَﺼُﺎﻧُﻪ ﻋْﻨَﺪ ُﻣَﺤ َ
8
ﻟﺬة َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ، ﻟﻴﻄﻌﻢ َ ﱠ َ اﻟﻌ َﻼج َﻓﺒِﻤ َﻼَزﻣِﺔ اﻟﺮﻳ َ ِ ِ
ﺎﺿﺎت َ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ ﱢَ
ـ اﻟﺠﻬُﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﱠﻛﺐ :إِْن َﻗﺒَِﻞ ِ
َُ ُ َ ْ
ﻳﺞ. اﻟﺘَﻨﺒِﻴِﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ ُﻣَﻘﱢﺪَﻣٍﺔ ُﻣَﻘﱢﺪَﻣٍﺔ ﺑِ ﱠ
ﺎﻟﺘْﺪِر ِ ُﺛﱠﻢ ﱠ
ﻳﻊ ﻣِﱠﻤْﻦ َﺟَﺮى ِ
اﻟﺘَﻜﱡﺒُﺮَ ،وُﻫَﻤﺎ َﺑﺪ ٌ ﺐ َو ﱠاﻟﻌْﺠ ُ
ِ ِ
ﺐ :ﺑَِﻨْﻔِﻲ َأْﺳَﺒﺎﺑِﻪ َوﻫَﻲ ُ اﻟﻐَﻀ ُـ َ
ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﺒﻮِل ﻣﺮَﺗﻴِﻦ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻴٌﺖ َﻏًﺪا ،وﻳﺤَﺘﺎج إَِﻟﻰ َأﺑَﻨ ِ
ﺎء ِﺟْﻨِﺴِﻪ. ْ ََ ْ ُ َْ َﱠ ْ َ ُ َ َﱢ َ َْ
ﺎﻟﺴَﻔِﺮ إَِﻟﻰ اﻋﺘِﺒ ِ ِ اﻟﻐﻴِﺮ ،وﻳﻌﺮ ُ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ـو ْ ِ
ﺎره ﺑِ ﱠ ف ﻗﱠﻠُﺔ ْ َ اﻻﻓﺘَﺨُﺎر َأْﺑَﻌُﺪ ﻣْﻨُﻬَﻤﺎ ﻷَﱠﻧُﻪ ﺑَِﻔﻀَﻴﻠﺔ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ
ف. َﺣْﻴُﺚ َﻻ ُﻳْﻌَﺮ ُ
ﺎن ﻟ ِﱢﻠﻨَﻈ ِ اﻟﻠﺠﺎج :وُﻫﻤﺎ َﻗﺎﻃِﻌ ِ ِ
ﺎم. َ ـ َواﻟﻤَﺮُاء َو ﱠ َ ُ َ َ
ﻸْﻋَﺪِاء اﻟﻔِﺎﺋَﺪِة ﻣﺴَﻠﺒٌﺔ ﻟ ِْﻠﺒﻬ ِ
ﺎء َوَﻣْﺠَﻠَﺒٌﺔ ﻟ ِ ْ َ َ ْ َ ََ اﻻﺳﺘ ِْﻬَﺰُاءَ :وُﻫَﻤﺎ َﻣَﻊ ﻗِﱠﻠِﺔ َاح َو ْ
ِ
ـ َواﻟﻤَﺰ ُ
ﺎد ﻓِﻲ ِ اﻻﻗﺘِﺼ ِ َوَﻗﺎﻃَِﻌٌﺔ ﻟ ِﱢﻠﻨَﻈ ِ
اح َﻓْﻠَﻴْﺘُﺮْﻛُﻪ.
اﻟﻤَﺰ ِ ﺎمَ ،وَﻣْﻦ َﻋَﺠَﺰ َﻋِﻦ ْ َ
ِ ِ ِ اﻟﻀْﻴُﻢَ ،وُﻫَﻤﺎ ﻟ َِﻤَﺘﺎ ِع ﱡ
اﻟﺪْﻧَﻴﺎ َوُﻫَﻮ َﻗﻠٌﻴﻞَ ،وْﻟَﻴْﻔِﺮْﺿُﻪ ﻣْﻦ َﻏْﻴِﺮه َ َ ُ
ﻣﻌﻪ اﻟﻐْﺪُر َو ﱠ ـ َو َ
ف ُﻗْﺒَﺤُﻪ. ﻟ َِﻴْﻌِﺮ َ
اﻟﻌُﺪﱠو َوَﻻ ُﺗْﻐﻨ ِﻲ ِ ِ ـ وَﻃَﻠﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳَﺘَﻨ َ ِ ِ ِ
اﻟﺠَﻮاﻫﺮَِ ،وَﻣَﻊ َﺣَﻘَﺎرﺗَﻬﺎ ُﺗَﻜﱢﺜُﺮ َ ﺎﻓﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣَﻦ َ َ ُ َ ُ ُ
ﺷﻴﺌﺎَ ،وإِْن َﺑِﻘَﻴْﺖ َﻟَﻚ َﻟْﻢ َﺗْﺒَﻖ َ ْ َ
أﻧﺖ َﻟَﻬﺎ. ﺎﺟِﺔ َ ْ ً اﻟﺤ َ ﻋْﻨَﺪ َ
ِ
10
اﻟﺠْﻬ ِﻞ ﺑِِﺤْﻜَﻤِﺔ اﷲِ َﺗَﻌَﺎﻟﻰ ﻣَِﻦ ِ
اﻟﺒَﻄَﺎﻟﺔ َو َ ص َو َ
اﻟﻄﻤﻊُ :ذﱞل ﻳْﻨَﺸُﺄ ﻣِﻦ ِ
اﻟﺤْﺮ ِ َ َ ـ ﱠَ ُ
ﺎوِن. ﺎﺟِﺔ إَِﻟﻰ ﱠ
اﻟﺘَﻌ ُ اﻟﺤ َ
َ
اﻟﺤِﻘِﻴﻘﱠﻴِﺔ. ِ ـ ِ
ول ﺑَِﺘَﺼﱡﻮِر اﻷُُﺧﱠﻮة َاﻟﺤْﻘُﺪَ :ﻳُﺰ ُ
ﻹَﻓﺎدﺗِِﻪ ْ ِ ِ اﻟﻜِﺬُبَ :وُﻫَﻮ َﺷﱞﺮ ﻣِْﻦ َﻋَﺪِم ﱡ
ﺐﺎدا َﻏْﻴَﺮ َﺣﱟﻖَ ،وُرﱠﺑَﻤﺎ َﺟَﻠ َ
اﻋﺘَﻘ ً اﻟﻨْﻄِﻖ ِ َ ـ َ
ﺎفَ .وﻣِْﻨُﻪ َوﻣَِﻦ
ﺎد ،واﻻﺳﺘِْﺨَﻔ ِ
ﻣَﻀﺎرَ ،ﻓْﻠﻴَﺘَﺬﱠﻛﺮ َﺗﺒِﻌﺎﺗِِﻪ ﻣِﻦ اﻟﻤَﺬﻣِﺔ ،وَﻋَﺪِم ْ ِ ِ
اﻻﻋﺘَﻤ َ ْ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ َ
ﺎق. ﻒَ ،وﻣِْﻨُﻪ ﱢ
اﻟﻨَﻔ ُ ﺐ َﻳْﻨَﺸُﺄ ﱠ
اﻟﺼَﻠ ُ اﻟﻌْﺠ ِ
ُ
11
َُ ََ َُ
اﻟـﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺎ ِ ﺔ
َ َ َْ
ِ ِﺳﻴﺎﺳِﺔ ا ﻤ ِ ِل
ﻮر َأْرَﺑَﻌٍﺔ:
اﻟﻨَﻈُﺮ ﻓِﻲ ُأُﻣ ٍ
َو ﱠ
ﻆَ ،و َ
اﻟﺨْﺮ ِج. اﻟﺤْﻔ ِ
اﻟﺪْﺧ ِﻞ ،و ِ
اﻟﻨَﻈُﺮ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ * ﺍﻷَﻭﻝﹸ :ﺍﳌﹶﺎﻝﹸَ .و ﱠ
َ
آﻓﺔ .وﻳِﺠﺐ ﻓِ ِ ﺎﻋِﺔ َأْدَوُم َ َ َ ﱡ ِ اﻟﺪْﺧُﻞ َﻓَﻤﺎ َﻳَﺘَﻌﱠﻠُﻖ ﺑَِﺘْﺪﺑِِﻴﺮ ﱢ
َأﱠﻣﺎ ﱠ
ﻴﻪ وأﻗﻞ َ ً َ َ ُ اﻟﺼَﻨ َ
اﻟﺘَﺠَﺎرة َو ﱢ
وءِة.
اﻟﻤُﺮ َ
اﻋُﺎة َ ِ
اﻟﻌْﺪل َو ُ ُﻣَﺮ َ
ﺎﻻﺳﺘِْﺜَﻤ ِ
ﺎر. ِ اﻟﺨْﺮُج َأَﻗﱠﻞ ﻣَِﻦ ﱠ
اﻟﺪْﺧ ِﻞ ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗْﻘﺘٍﻴﺮَ ،وﺑِ ْ ﻮن َ اﻟﺤْﻔُﻆ َﻓَﻴُﻜ ُ وَأﻣﺎ ِ
َ ﱠ
ﻼﺣﺘِﻴ ِ
ﺎط. واﻟﻤَﺘﻤﻮُل ﻳْﻘِﺴﻢ َأﻣﻮَاﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ َﻧْﻘٍﺪ وﻣَﺘﺎ ٍع وَﻋَﻘ ٍ ِ ِ
ﺎر ﻟ ْ ْ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ﱢ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َْ َ
اﻟﻤﻦ َواﻷََذى ﻓﻴﻪ َ ﺎن ﻓِﻲ ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ اﷲِ َﻓْﻠﻴﺠَﺘَﻨﺐ ِ ِ َوَأﱠﻣﺎ َ
اﻟﺨْﺮُج َﻓَﻤﺎ َﻛ َ
اﻟﻜَﺮَاﻫُﺔ َو َ ﱡ ُ ْ ْ َ
اﻟﺴﱡﺮ، وءٍة َﻓ ﱠ
ﺎﻟﺘْﻌِﺠُﻴﻞَ ،و ﱢ ﺎن ﻓﻲ ُﻣُﺮ َ
واﻟﺮﻳﺎء ،وْﻟﻴُﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻳْﻜُﺘﻢ َﻓْﻘﺮه ،وﻣﺎ َﻛ َ ِ
َ ﱢَ ُ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ َ ُ َُ َ َ
ِ
اﻟﻤﺼﺮف. اﻟﺘﺤِﻘﻴﺮ ،واﻟﻤﻮاﺻَﻠُﺔ و ْ ِ
اﺧﺘَﻴُﺎر َ ْ َ َو ﱠ ْ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ
ورِة.
اﻟﻀُﺮ َﺎﻻﻗﺘَِﺼُﺎر َﻋَﻠﻰ ﱠ ﻴﻪ َأْو َﺟْﻠ ِ
ﺐ َﻧْﻔ ٍﻊ َﻓ ْ ﻠﻀﺮورِة ﻣِﻦ دْﻓ ِﻊ ﺳِﻔ ٍ
ﺎن ﻟ ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ َ
وﻣﺎ َﻛ َ ِ
َ َ
اﻟﺴَﺮِف. اﻟﻤْﻴ ِﻞ إَِﻟﻰ ﱠ
ﺎﻻﻗﺘَﺼﺎُد َو َ
ﺎن ﻟ ِْﻠﺤﺎﺟِﺔ َﻓ ْ ِ
َوَأﱠﻣﺎ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َ َ َ
اﻟﻤﻨِْﺰِلَ ،ﻻ ُﻣَﺠﱠﺮَد ِ ﺎﻟﺘَﺄﱡﻫ ِﻞ ﱠ
ﺐ ﺑِ ﱠ
ﺎم َ اﻟﻨْﺴَﻞَ ،وﻧَﻈ َ * ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ :ﺍﻟ ﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥَِ .ﻓْﻠَﻴْﻄُﻠ ْ
اﻟﻤُﺎل
اﻟﺠَﻤُﺎل َو َ
ﺐ َو َ اﻟﺤَﻴُﺎء َﻻُﺑﱠﺪ ﻣِْﻨَﻬﺎَ .وإِْن َزَاد ﱠ
اﻟﻨَﺴ ُ
ِ
اﻟﻌْﻘُﻞ َواﻟﻌﱠﻔُﺔ َو َ
ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺸْﻬَﻮةَ ،و َ
ﻒ ُﻋُﻘﻮﻟِِﻬﱠﻦَ ،وَﻛَﺬا
ﺮط َﻓَﻜ ﱠﻼ؛ ﻟ َِﻜْﺜﺮِة ُﻃ ﱠﻼﺑِِﻬﻦ وَﺿﻌ ِ
ﱠ َ ْ َ اﻟﻤْﻔ َ ُ َﻓَﺄْوَﻟﻰَ .وَأﱠﻣﺎ َ
اﻟﺠَﻤُﺎل ُ
اﻟﻤ ِ
ﺎل. ُﻣَﺠﱠﺮُد َ
12
ﻮبَ ،وﻗِﱠﻠِﺔ ﺎر َ ِ
اﻟﻔَﻀﺎﺋ ِﻞَ ،وَﺳْﺘِﺮ ُ
اﻟﻌُﻴ ِ اﻟﻬْﻴَﺒِﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﻧْﻔِﺴَﻬﺎ ﺑِﺈِْﻇَﻬ ِ
ﺎع َ ﺐ إَِﻳﻘ ُ َوَﻳِﺠ ُ
ﻴﻤَﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِ ِ ِ
اﻟﺠْﺰﺋﱠﻴﺎتَ ،وَﺗْﺤﻜ ُ
ِ
ﺐَ ،وُﻣَﺸﺎَوَرُﺗَﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ُ
ِ ِ
اﻻﻧﺒَِﺴﺎطَ ،وَﺗْﺮﺑَِﻴُﺘَﻬﺎ ﺑَِﻤﺎ ُﻳَﻨﺎﺳ ُْ
اﻟﻤْﻨِﺰِل.
ﻮر َاﻟﻐْﻴَﺮِة َﻋْﻨَﻬﺎَ ،وَﺷْﻐُﻞ َﺧﺎﻃِِﺮَﻫﺎ ﺑُِﺄُﻣ ِ اﻟﻤْﻨِﺰِلَ ،وإِْﻛَﺮُام َأَﻗ ِ
ﺎرﺑَِﻬﺎَ ،وَدْﻓُﻊ َ َ
ﺐ َﻓْﺮَط َﻣَﺤﱠﺒﺘَِﻬﺎَ ،وإِِن ْاﺑُﺘِﻠَﻲ ﺑَِﻬﺎ َﻓْﻠَﻴْﺴُﺘْﺮُهَ ،وَﻻ ُﻳْﻄِﻠُﻌَﻬﺎ َﻋَﻠﻰ َأْﺳَﺮِارِه، ِ
َوْﻟَﻴْﺠَﺘﻨ ْ
اﻟﻤ َﻼِﻫﻲﻋﻦ َ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣِْﻘَﺪَار َﻣﺎﻟ ِِﻪَ ،وُﻳَﺠﱢﻨُﺒَﻬﺎ َ ِ ﺎورَﻫﺎ ﻓِﻲ ُ ِ
اﻟﻜﱢﻠﱢﻴﺎتَ ،وَﻳْﺴُﺘُﺮ َ ْ َ َوَﻻ ُﻳَﺸ ِ ُ
اﻟﻌَﺠﺎﺋِِﺰ. ِ
َوُﻣَﺠَﺎﻟَﺴﺔ َ
اﻟﺘَﺒﱡﻌ ِﻞ ِ َ ،ﱠ ُ
وﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﺨْﺸَﻴُﺔَ ،وُﺣْﺴُﻦ َ اﻟﻌﱠﻔُﺔَ ،وإِْﻇَﻬُﺎر اﻟﻜَِﻔَﺎﻳِﺔَ ،و َ ﺎء ِ وَﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﱢﺴ ِ
َ َ
اﻟﻌﺘﺎب ،وﻣﻦ َأﺣﺲ ﺑَِﻔﺴ ٍ
ﺎد َﻓْﻠَﻴْﺘُﺮْك َأْﻟَﺒﱠﺘَﺔ. ِ
َ ِ َ َ ْ َ ﱠ َ
اﻟﻜﱢﻞﺎل ُ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺰلَ ،ﻓْﻠَﻴْﻨُﻈْﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ِ * ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟِﺚﹸ :ﺍﳋﹶﺪﻡ .وﻫﻢ َﻛﺎﻷَْﻋَﻀ ِ
ﺎء ِ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ َ ُ ْ
اﺣٍﺪَ ،وْﻟُﻴَﻬﱢﻴْﺊ َﻣَﻌﺎﻳَِﺸُﻬْﻢَ ،وَﻳَﺘَﻌﱠﺮ ْ
ف َأْﺣَﻮَاﻟُﻬْﻢَ ،وَﻻ ﺎل ُﻛﱢﻞ و ِ
َ َوإِْﺻ َﻼِﺣَﻬﺎُ ،ﺛﱠﻢ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ِ
ﻒ ،وُﻋْﻨ ٍ ﻒ ﺑِ َﻼ َﺿﻌ ٍ ﻴﻬﻢ ِﻣﻦ ُﻟْﻄ ٍ ِ
ﻒ ﺑِ َﻼ ُﻇْﻠٍﻢ. َ ْ ُﻳْﺨﻠ ِ ْ ْ
ٍ ِ
َوُﻳَﻌﱢﻴُﻦ ﻟُﻜ ﱟﻞ ُﺷْﻐ ًﻼَ ،وَﻻ ُﻳَﻜﱢﻠُﻔُﻬْﻢ ﺑَِﻔْﻀ ِﻞ َﻣَﺸﱠﻘﺔَ ،و َ
اﻟﻌْﺒُﺪ َأْوَﻟﻰ.
وﻟﻴﺤِﺴﻦ َﺗﺴِﻤﻴَﺘﻪُ ،ﺛﻢ ُﺗﺮِﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﻌَﺘِﺪَﻟُﺔ ِ
اج َﺣَﺴَﻨُﺔ
اﻟﻤَﺰ ِ * ﺍﻟ ﺮﺍﺑِﻊ :ﺍﻟﻮﻟﹶﺪ ُ َ ْ ْ ْ ُ ْ َ .ﱠ ْ ُ ُ ُ ْ
اﻷَْﺧ َﻼِقَ ،وَﻳْﺤَﻔُﻆ َأْﺧ َﻼَﻗُﻪَ ،وُﻳَﺪِاوِﻳﻪ ﺑَِﻤﺎ َﻣﱠﺮ.
ﺎﻋٍﺔ َﻳْﺴَﺘِﻌﱡﺪ َﻟَﻬﺎ، اﻟﺨﻴِﺮ ،وْﻟﻴْﺸَﻐْﻠﻪ ِ ِ َ ٍ
ﺑﺤﺮﻓﺔ َ ْأو ِﺻَﻨ َ
ُ ْ
وْﻟﻴُﻜﻦ ﻣَﺨﺎﻟ ُِﻄ ِ
ﻮه ﻣْﻦ َأْﻫ ِﻞ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ
اﻻﻛﺘَِﺴ ِ
ﺎب ﺑَِﻬﺎ. َوْﻟُﻴْﺄَﻣْﺮ ﺑَِﺘْﻜِﻤﻴﻠَِﻬﺎ َو ْ
13
ﺎﺟُﻬﻤﺎ ﻳ ِ ﺮﻳﺒﺎن ،ﺑ ِﻞ ِ
ِ اﻟﻮَﻟُﺪ َﻓْﻠَﻴْﻌَﻠﻢ َأﱠن َواﻟ َِﺪﻳِﻪ ﻣ ِ
ﺐ ﻮﺟ ُ اﺣﺘَﻴ ُ َ ُاﻟﻘ ِ َ َ ْ ﻮﺟَﺪُاه َوَرﱠﺑُﺎه َ ْ ُ ْ َوَأﱠﻣﺎ َ
اﻹﺣﺴ ِ اﻟﻄ َ ِ
اﻟﻤَﺤﱠﺒِﺔ َو ﱠ ِ ِ
ﺎن َ َ َ
ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺎﻋﺔ َو ِ ْ َ اﻟﺮَﺿﺎ َو َ ﺎدَة اﻟﻌَﻨَﺎﻳَﺔ ﺑِِﻬَﻤﺎَ ،ﻓَﻴْﺒُﺬُل ﻓﻲ ﱢ ِزَﻳ َ
اﻹﻣَﻜ ِ
ﺎن. ِْ
اﻟﺤَﻴَﺎة اﻷََﺑِﺪﱠﻳِﺔ. ﺎض َﻋَﻠﻴِﻪ اﻟﺼﻮرَة ِ ِ
اﻹْﻧَﺴﺎﻧﱠﻴَﺔ َو َ ْ ﱡ َ اﻟﻤَﻜﱢﻤُﻞ ﱠاﻟِﺬي َأَﻓ َ
اﻟﻤَﻌﱢﻠَﻢ َرﱡﺑُﻪ ُ
َو ُ
14
َُ ََ َُ
اﻟـﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺮاﺑ ِﻌﺔ
ُ ُ َْ
ِ ﺗﺪ ِ ِ ا ﻤﺪِن
15
اﻟﻤ َﻼَزَﻣُﺔ ﺑِ َﻼ إِْﻣ َﻼٍل، ﻴﻢ ،و ِ ﻮك َﻓﻌَﻠﻴِﻪ َﻏﺎﻳُﺔ ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺘْﻌﻈ ِ َ ْ
اﻻﻣﺘَﺜُﺎلَ ،و ُ َ َوَأﱠﻣﺎ َ
اﻟﻤْﻤُﻠ ُ َ ْ
اﻟﺮْﻓُﻖ ﻓِﻲ َﺗْﻐﻴِِﻴﺮ َرْأﻳِِﻪ، اﻟﺘْﺰﻳِﻴﻦ واﻟﻤْﺪح َﻟﻪ ،إِﱠﻻ َذا اﻟﻤْﻨِﺰَﻟِﺔ ﻓِﻲ َ ِ
اﻟﺨْﻠَﻮةَ ،و ﱢ َ َو ﱠ ُ َ َ ُ ُ
اﻹَﻳﺜُﺎر َﻟُﻪ ﺑُِﻜﱢﻞ ﺎﻋِﺔ ﻓِ ِ
ﻴﻬْﻢَ ،و ِ اﻟﺘْﻬَﻤِﺔ َو ﱠ
اﻟﺸَﻔ َ ﺎب َأْرَﺑ ِ ﺎن ِﻷَﺳﺮِارِه ،و ِ ِ
ﺎب ﱡ اﺟﺘَﻨ ُ
َ ْ َواﻟﻜْﺘَﻤ ُ ْ َ
ص.اﻟﺤْﺮ ِ ﺣﱟﻆ ،واﻟﻤﻮَاﻓَﻘُﺔ ﻓِﻲ ُﻛﱢﻞ َﺷﻲٍء ،وَﺗﺮُك ِ
ْ َ ْ َ َُ َ
وﻻِنَ ،وْﻟَﻴْﺠَﻌْﻠُﻬَﻤﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِزَﻳﻨﺘِِﻪ،
َوْﻟَﻴْﻨَﺘِﻔْﻊ ﺑِِﻪ َﻻ ﻣِْﻨُﻪَ ،وْﻟُﻴْﻈِﻬْﺮ َأﱠن َﻣَﺎﻟُﻪ َوَدَﻣُﻪ َﻣْﺒُﺬ َ
ﺺ ِ ِﺑﻪ َوﺑَِﺄْﻣَﺜﺎﻟ ِِﻪ.
ﻴﻤﺎ َﻳْﺨَﺘ ﱡ
وَﻻ ﻳَﺸ ِ ِ
ﺎرُﻛُﻪ ﻓ َ َ ُ
وﻟﻴﺘﺤﺒﺐ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َوْﻟَﻴَﺘَﺤﱠﺮْز ﻣْﻨُﻪ ﻋْﻨَﺪ َﻏَﻀﺒِﻪَ ،وَﻻ َﻳْﺸَﺘﻜﻲ ﻣْﻨُﻪ َوَﻻ ﻓﻲ َﺿﻤِﻴﺮه َ َ َ ْ َ ،ﱠ ْ ْ
إﻟﻴﻪ
اﻟﺨْﺪَﻣِﺔَ ،وإِْن َﺟَﻌَﻠُﻪ َأًﺧﺎ َﺟَﻌَﻠُﻪ َرﺑﺎ.
ﺑَِﺘﻮاﺻ ِﻞ ِ
َ ُ
وْﻟﻴَﺘﻮﱠق َﻋﻦ ُﺧﺼﻮﻣِِﻪ ﺑِﺎﻻﺳﺘَِﻘﺎﻣِﺔ ،وَﻻ ﻳْﻀَﻄِﺮب ﺑِﻤﺎ ﻳَﻘُﺎل ﻓِ ِ
ﻴﻪَ ،وَﻻ َﻳْﺪُﺧُﻞ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ
ِ ﻴﻤﺎ َﻳْﺴُﺘُﺮُه َﻋْﻨُﻪَ ،وَﻻ ُﻳَﺴﱠﺎر ﺑَِﺤْﻀَﺮﺗِِﻪَ ،وَﻻ َﻳْﻄُﻠ ِِ
اﻟﺘَﻘﱡﺪَم َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻷَْﻗَﺪﻣ َ
ﻴﻦ. ﺐ ﱠ ﻓ َ
َوَأﱠﻣﺎ اﻷَْﻣَﺜُﺎل َﻓَﺜَﻼَﺛٌﺔ:
وﻳﺪارﻳﻬﻢ ،وﻳﻬ ِ ِ ِ
ﻳﻬْﻢَ ،وَﻳَﻬﱡﺶ َﻣَﻌُﻬْﻢَ ،وَﻳَﺘَﻌﱠﻬُﺪ ﺎد ِ ﺎءَ :ﻓُﻴْﺤﺴُﻦ إَِﻟْﻴِﻬْﻢَ ُ َ ْ ِ ِ َ ُ َ ، ـ اﻷَْﺻﺪَﻗ ُ
ﺎوُز َﻋْﻦ ُذُﻧﻮﺑِِﻬْﻢَ ،وُﻳِﻘﱡﻞ ِﻋَﺘَﺎﺑُﻬْﻢ إِﱠﻻ ﺎوُﻧُﻬْﻢ َوُﻳَﻜﺎﻓَِﻴُﻬْﻢ ﺑِ َ
ﺎﻟﺨْﻴِﺮَ ،وَﻳَﺘَﺠ َ ُﻣَﺘَﻌﱠﻠِﻘ ِ
ﻴﻬْﻢ َوُﻳَﻌ ِ
17
ُْ َ ََ َُ ُ َ
ا ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻷو ِ :ا ﻈِﺮي ِﻣﻨﻪ
اﻟﺨُﻠِﻖ. َِْ ُ
ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ُ
ُﻗَﻮى اﻟﻨﱠْﻔ ِ
ﺲ ﺛﻼث:
ﱡ ُْ
اﻟﻨﻄﻖ
َواﻟ َ َ ُ
ﻐﻀﺐ
َ ﱠ َُْ
واﻟﺸﻬﻮة
ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ:
ﺻﻔﺎء ﱢ ْ ِ
اﻟﺬﻫﻦ ـ َ َ ُ
ﺟﻮدة َ ْ ِ
اﻟﻔﻬﻢ ـ َ ْ َُ
ـ ﱠ َ ُ
اﻟﺬﻛﺎء
اﻟﺘَﺼﱡﻮِر
ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ ﱠ
ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ
اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ـ ُ ُ َُ
ـ ِْ ُ
اﻟﺤﻔﻆ
ـ ﱢ ُْ
اﻟﺬﻛﺮ
ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ:
ِ
ﻛﺒ ُﺮ ﱠ ْ ِ
اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ـ َ
18
اﻟﻬﱠﻤِﺔ
ـ ِﻋَﻈُﻢ ِ
اﻟﺼْﺒُﺮ
ـ ﱠ
ـ اﻟﻨﱠْﺠَﺪُة
ِ
ـ ُْ
اﻟﺤﻠﻢ
ـ ﱡ ُ ُ
اﻟﺴﻜﻮن
اﻟﺘﻮاﺿ ُﻊ
ـ ﱠَ ُ
اﻟﺸَﻬَﺎﻣُﺔ
ـ ﱠ
ـ ْ َِ ُ
اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل
ـ َ ِﱠُ
اﻟﺤﻤﻴﺔ
ـ ﱢﱠُ
اﻟﺮﻗﺔ
ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﺔ
اﻟﺤﻴﺎء
ـ ََ ُ
اﻟﺼْﺒُﺮ
ـ ﱠ
اﻟﺪَﻋُﺔ
ـ ﱠ
اﻟﻨَﺰَاﻫُﺔ
ـ ﱠ
ـ ََ َ ُ
اﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ
اﻟﻮَﻗُﺎر
ـ َ
اﻟﺮْﻓُﻖ
ـ ﱢ
19
ـ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺴﻤ ِ
ﺖ ُ ْ ُ ﱠ ْ
اﻟﻮَرُع
ـ َ
اﻻﻧﺘ َِﻈُﺎم
ـ ْ
ﺎء
اﻟﺴَﺨ ُ
ـ ﱠ
اﻟﺴﺨﺎء:
ُ ـ أﻧﻮاع
َ
اﻟﻜَﺮُم
اﻹَﻳﺜُﺎرِ
اﻟﻨْﺒُﻞ
ﱡ
اﻟﻤَﻮَاﺳُﺎة
ُ
ﺎﺣُﺔ
اﻟﺴَﻤ َ
ﱠ
اﻟﻤَﺴَﺎﻣَﺤُﺔ
ُ
ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ:
ـ ﱠ َ َُ
اﻟﺼﺪاﻗﺔ
ـ اﻷُْﻟَﻔُﺔ
اﻟﻮَﻓ ُ
ﺎء ـ َ
اﻟﺘَﻮﱡدُد
ـ ﱠ
اﻟﻤَﻜَﺎﻓَﺄُة
ـ ُ
اﻟﺸْﺮَﻛِﺔ
ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ ﱢ
20
اﻟﻘَﻀ ِ
ﺎء ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ َ
اﻟﺮِﺣِﻢ ِ
ـ ﺻَﻠُﺔ ﱠ
اﻟﺸَﻔَﻘُﺔ
ـ ﱠ
ـ ِ
اﻹْﺻَﻼُح
اﻟﺘَﻮﱡﻛُﻞ
ـ ﱠ
ﻴﻢـ ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺘْﺴﻠ ُ
اﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ
ـ ﱢ
ﺎدُة ِ
ـ اﻟﻌﺒَ َ
َْ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َُ ََ َُ
ﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ
اﻷﺧﻼق واﻛ ِ ِ
ِ ﺣﻔﻆ
ا ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺎ ِﻴﺔِ ِ ِ :
اﻟﺠﻬ ُﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ـ َ ْ
ـ َ َ ُ
اﻟﻐﻀﺐ
ِ
ـ َ ْ َ ُ
واﻻﻓﺘﺨﺎر
21
ِ
واﻟﻤﺮاء َ ﱠ َ ُ
واﻟﻠﺠﺎج ـ َ َ ُ
ِ
واﻻﺳﺘﻬﺰاء ِ
واﻟﻤﺰاح َ ْ ْ َ ُ
ـ َ َ ُ
واﻟﻀﻴﻢ ـ َ َْ ُ
واﻟﻐﺪر َ ﱠ ْ ُ
ِ
اﻟﺠﻮاﻫﺮِ وﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺎ َ َ َ ِ ِ ِ
ﻣﻦ َ َ ـ َ ََ ُ َ ُ ُ
ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ َ
اﻟﺠﺒﻦ:
ـ ُُْ
واﻟﺨﻮف
ـ َ َ ْ ُ
ـ ِ
اﻟﺤْﺮُص:
ـ َ َ َُ
اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ
اﻟﺤﺰن
ـ ُ ْ ُ
اﻟﺤﺴﺪ
ـ َ َ ُ
ـ ِْ َ ُ
اﻟﻐﺒﻄﺔ
ـ ﱠَ ُ
اﻟﻄﻤﻊ
ـ ُِْ
اﻟﺤﻘﺪ
ِ
ـ َ ُ
اﻟﻜﺬب
َ َ َْ َُ ََ َُ
ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ا ﻤ ِ ِل
ِ ا ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺎ ِ ﺔِ ِ :
* ﺍﻷَﻭﻝﹸ :ﺍﳌﹶﺎﻝﹸ.
* ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ :ﺍﻟ ﺰ ﻭﺟﺎﻥِ.
22
ﳋﺪﻡ.
* ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟِﺚﹸ :ﺍ ﹶ
* ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑِﻊ :ﺍﻟﻮ ﹶﻟﺪ.
ُ ُ َْ َُ ََ َُ
ﻤﺪن
ﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ِ :ﺗﺪ ِ ِ ا ِ ِ ا ﺔ اﻟـﻤﻘﺎﻟ
َ ِ ُ
اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ
َ ُْ ٌ
اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮك
ََْ ُ
اﻷﻣﺜﺎل
23