Integration is the reverse process of differentiation. When we differentiate we start with an expression and proceed to find its derivative. When we integrate, we start with the derivative and then find the expression from which it has been derived. Z For example, Sot) =49 Therefore, the integral of 4x* with respect to x we know to be 2". This is written: 4 Jasar- ‘The symbols { f(x) dx denote the integral of f(x) with respect to the variable x; the symbol | was developed from a capital $ which was used in the 17th century when the ideas of the calculus were first devised. The expression f(x) to be integrated is called the integrand and the differential dy is usefully there to assist in the evaluation of certain integrals, as we shall see in a later Programme.