Main memory:

Main memory is where programs and data are kept when the
processor
is actively using them. When programs and data become active, they
are
copied from secondary memory into main memory where the
processor
can interact with them. A copy remains in secondary memory.
Paging:
Paging is a method of writing data to, and reading it from, secondary
storage for use in primary storage, also known as main memory.
Paging
plays a role in memory management for a computer's OS (OP).
Memory Hierarchy
Fast memory is expensive and cheap memory is slow, therefore a
memory hierarchy is organized into several levels.
1. Cost as low as of the cheapest memory
2. Speed as fast as of the fastest memory

Thread level parallelism:

Parallel iterations of loops having thousands of instructions,
automatically generated by a compiler. This parallelism in the
threads in called Thread Level Parallelism.
Cache memory:
Cache is transparent to the processor when processor issues a read
request; a block of words (one word at a time) is transferred from
MM to cache. Cache has subsequent blocks of word data.
Cache Read:
Contents of a block are read into the cache the first time. Subsequent
accesses are (hopefully) from the cache (called a read hit). Number of
cache entries is relatively small, need to keep most likely data in
cache.