4.1: a) For the magnitude of the sum to be the sum of the magnitudes, the forces must be parallel, and the angle between them is zero. b) The forces form the sides of a right isosceles triangle, and the angle between them is. Alternatively, the law of cosines may be used as from which . and the forces are perpendicular. c) For the sum to have 0 magnitude, the forces must be antiparallel, and the angle between them is, 4.2: In the new coordinates, the 120-N force acts at an angle of fromthe —_-axis, or fromthe —_-axis, and the 50-N force acts at anangle of fromthe - axis. a) The components of the net force are b) The results have the same magnitude, and the angle has been changed by the amount that the coordinates have been rotated. 4,3: The horizontal component of the force is to the right and the vertical component is down. 4.4: a) where — is the angle that the rope makes with the ramp ( in this problem), so b)4.5: Of the many ways to do this problem, two are presented here. Geometric: From the law of cosines, the magnitude of the resultant is The angle between the resultant and dog.4’s rope (the angle opposite the side corresponding to the 250-N force in a vector diagram) is then Components: Taking the direction to be along dog.4’s rope, the components of the resultant are 4.6; a) b) 401: (to two places). 48: 4.9: 4.10: a) The acceleration is . The mass is then b) The speed at the end of the first 5.00 seconds is and the block on the frictionless surface will continue to move at this speed, so it will move another in the next 5.00 s,) During the first 2.00 s, the acceleration of the puck is (keeping an extra figure). At . the speed is and the position is . b) The acceleration during this period is also and the speed at 7.00 s is . The position at is sand at is or 21.9 mto three places. 4.13: a) b), ©), 4) fd 4.143 a) With : b) Note that this time is also the distance divided by the average speed. °) 4.1 4.16: 4.17: a) the weight is b) The mass is the same, 4.49 kg, and