8.1: a) ) (i) Five times the speed, Gi) 8.2: See Exercise 8.3 (a); the iceboats have the same kinetic energy, so the boat with the larger mass has the larger magnitude of momentum by a factor of 8.3: a) b) From the result of part (a), for the same kinetic energy, , so the larger mass baseball has the greater momentum; From the result of part (b), for the same momentum +80 ; the woman, with the smaller weight, has the larger kinetic energy. 8.4: From Eq. (8.2), 8.5: The y-component of the total momentum is This quantity is negative, so the total momentum of the system is inthe -direction, 8.6: From Eq. (8.2), and so the total momentum has magnitude and is at an angle aretan using the value of the aretangent function in the fourth quadrant8.7: The weight of the ball is less than half a newton, so the weight is not significant while the ball and club are in contact. 8.8: a) The magnitude of the velocity has changed by and so the magnitude of the change of momentum is to three figures. This is also the magnitude of the impulse. b) From Eq, (8.8), the magnitude of the average applied force is =1.25 8.9: a) Considering the +x-components, and the velocity is 108 inthe +x-direction. b)p = 0.48 + (12.0 N)(0.05 s) = -0.12 and the velocity is 0.75 in the —x-direction. 8.10: a) 1=(1.04 = b) (1.04 °) d) The initial velocity of the shuttle is not known; the change in the square of the speed is not the square of the change of the speed,8.11: a) With which is 18.8 and so the impulse delivered between 1=0 and b) the impulse is c) =7.52 so the average force is (7.52 d) The velocity is the momentum divided by the mass, or (89.7 m/s) 8.12: The change in the ball’s momentum in the x-direction (taken to be positive to the right) is so the x- component of the average force is and the y-component of the force is or b)