Mediatization of Communication —= 29 Jooks at transformations in a communication environment or media system as a whole (Hepp and Krotz 2014: 4-5), Still, there are similarities and bridges between medium theory and mediatization theory (Friesen and Hug 2009; Clark 2014). For example, David Crowley (2013: 323) observes the introduction of haptics — touch- screens ~ in digital communication. This has affinities with the ideas on evolving media in human communication presented by Friedrich Krotz and Eliseo Ver6n (in this volume). Three of the contributions (Chapters 6, 11, and 27) try to situate mediatization theory in relation to medium theory. Niels Ole Finnemann regards medium theory as a platform to find the “new trajectories of mediatization” that he aims at with his chapter on digitization (Chapter 13). Medium theory brings him to search for the specificities of digital media to delimit the digital “matrix”. This is what Fried tich Krotz criticizes when he “revisits” medium theory (in Chapter 6). He considers Finnemann (based on an article from 2011) to have taken over the misleading idea from medium theory that human history can be segmented into phases according to the dominant medium of each phase. The inspiration Krotz finds in medium theory is the will “to ask for the role of media and media change for culture and society”. This, to Krotz, defines the core question of both theories. 6.4 The individual in a mediatized setting If one turns to study mediatization from below one see the individual acting in a mediatized setting. Charles Ess (in Chapter 27) looks at medium theory with refer ence to our conceptions of who we are as humans. He offers a reminder that medium theorists correlate the phases of primary communication technologies (orality, literacy-print, secondary orality) with relational versus more individual emphases on selfhood and identity. Ess focuses on moral and ethical challenges, among them issues to do with privacy. The questions he discusses with regard to selfhood, moral agency, and the good life for individuals in mediatized worlds are selated to overall socio-political development, either in a democratic-egalitarian or ina hierarchical and non-democratic direction. Several chapters take a similar perspective from below, and they all relate the challenges in mediatization to individuals, with issues on a societal level. Among them are Maren Hartmann, asking (in Chapter 28) about the ontological security of persons under mediatization, and Johanna Sumiala (in Chapter 30) discussing mediatization of public death, The contentious issues on Time, Technology, and Theory may — seen from below ~ be identified with other keywords than those I have applied from above. Issues of Time appear from above in a different understanding of History. When individuals try to find their place in the collective stream of history, individual questions of Identity are raised. Mediatization triggers transformations of social patterns and cultural horizons that influence the reflexive identity work people in