Ejercicio 05

3 −2
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐴 = [ ]
−1 2
𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
3−𝜆 −2
𝑃(𝜆) = | |
−1 2 − 𝜆
3−𝜆 −2
𝑃(𝜆) = | | = (3 − 𝜆)(2 − 𝜆) − (−1)(−2) = 0
−1 2 − 𝜆
= 6 − 5𝜆 + 𝜆2 − 2 = 0
𝜆2 − 5𝜆 + 4 = 0
𝜆 −4
𝜆 −1
(𝜆 − 4)(𝜆 − 1) = 0 → 𝜆 = 4 𝑦 1

El espacio propio de 𝜆: La solución del sistema (𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼)𝑥⃗ = 0

Para 𝜆 = 4:
𝑥
(𝐴 − 4𝐼)𝑥⃗ = 0 → [3 − 4 −2 ] [𝑦] = [0]
−1 2 − 4 0
−1 −2 𝑥 0
[ ] [ ] = [ ] → 𝑓2 = 𝑓1, 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑎 2
−1 −2 𝑦 0
𝐷𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑎 1: − 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = −2𝑦, 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑡 → 𝑥 = −2𝑡
𝑥 −2𝑡 −2 −2
[𝑦 ] = [ ] = 𝑡 [ ] → 𝑃1 = [ ]
𝑡 1 1

Para 𝜆 = 1:
𝑥
(𝐴 − 1𝐼)𝑥⃗ = 0 → [3 − 1 −2 ] [𝑦] = [0]
−1 2 − 1 0
2 −2 𝑥 0
[ ] [ ] = [ ] → 𝑓1 = −2𝑓2, 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑎 1
−1 1 𝑦 0
𝐷𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑎 2: − 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑡 → 𝑦 = 𝑡
𝑥 𝑡 1 1
[𝑦] = [ ] = 𝑡 [ ] → 𝑃2 = [ ]
𝑡 1 1

−2 1
Respuesta: 𝑃 = [ ]
1 1

Ejercicio 06
3 −2 50
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 [ ]
−1 2
Solución
−2 1 3 −2
Del problema anterior 𝑃 = [ ] 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝐴 = [ ]
1 1 −1 2
𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃 = 𝐷 → 𝐴 = 𝑃𝐷𝑃 −1
 2
𝐷=[
4 0
] , 𝐷2 = [4 0 ] , 𝐷3 = [43 0 ] , … . , 𝐷50 = [450 0 ]
0 1 0 12 0 13 0 150

−2 1 1 1 −1 1 −1 1
𝐴50 = 𝑃𝐷50 𝑃 −1 , 𝑃 = [ ] , 𝑃−1 = −2(1)−1(1) [ ] = 3[ ]
1 1 −1 −2 1 2

𝐴50 = 𝑃 = [
−2 1 450
][ 0 ] [−1 1] 1
1 1 0 150 1 2 3