Organised by NATIONAL POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE An 180 9001 ~ 2000 Organisation (Under Minisiry of Power, Govt.of India) Southern Region, NEYVELI. { L L i I | i f I E L I t i I I f | t t E p i [ [ | i f [ L £ t I i Hl E| | ge ence 6 CONTENTS COAL TO ELECTRICITY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE LOCATION OF THERMAL POWER STATION STATION LAYOUT BOILER AND AUXILIARIES STEAM TURBINE & AUXILIABIES GENERATOR TRANSFORMER SWITCH GEAR BUS BAR ARRANGEMENTS 31 56 842, ? AL TO ELECTRICITY . How Electricity is produced y ‘Thermal Power Stations burn fuels and use the resultant heat to raise steam which drive the turbo generator. The fuel may be Yossil’ (Coal, Oil or Natural Gas) or it may be fissionable (Uranium). Whichever fuel is used, the objective is same i.e,, to convert heat into mechanical energy in the turbine, which is complete to a generator and to convert that mechanical energy into electricity by rotating a magnet inside a set of windings of the generator, i In a coal-fired power station the basic raw materials are Coal & Air. The coal, brought to a the station by trains or by other means, travels from the coal handing plant by conveyor belt and to the coal bunkers, from where it is fed to the pulverising mills which grind it as fine as face powder. The finely powdered coal mixed with pre-heated, air is then blown into the boiler by afen called Primary Air Fan where it burns, more like a gas than like a solid in the conventional domestic or industrial grate, with additional amount of air called secondary air supplied by a Forced Draft Fan. As the coal has been ground finely, the resultant ash is also a fine powder. Some of it binds together to from lumps which fall into the ash pits at the bottorn of the furnace, eee The water quenched ash from the bottom of the furnace is conveyed to pits for subsequent disposal or sale. Most of ash, still in fine particle farm is carried out of the boiler to the precipitators as dust, where it is trapped by electrodes charged with high voltage electricity. The dust is then conveyed by water to disposal areas or to bunkers for sale while the cleaned flue gasses pass on » through 1.D.Fan to be discharged from the chimney. i Meanwhile the heat released from the coal has been absorbed by the many kilometers of tubing which line the boiler wails. Inside the tubes is the boiler feed water which is transformed by the heat into steam at high pressure and temperature. The steam, super heated in further tubes (Super Heater) passes to the turbine where it is discharged through nozzles on the turbine blades. Just as the energy of the wind tums the sails of the wind-mill, so the energy of steam, striking the blades, makes the turbine rotate. Coupled to the end of the turbine is the rotor of the generator ~ a large cylindrical Magnet ~ so that when the turbine rotates the rotor turns with it. The rotor is housed inside the 1 epee