Interviewees Date Questions Answers

Mrs. Macri Young 3/18/19
Occupation- RN-BC
(BC stands for Board
Certified)
Clinical Coordinator
Howard County General
Hospital
4 Pavilion
1. What made you get into
STEM?
2. Does Howard County
General Hospital offer any
programs for girls and
minorities to help them into
STEM?
3. Do you believe that the
lack of education
opportunities, and
mentorship at an early age
affect women who want to
go in to STEM?
4. Does your choice in
STEM allow you to have
the opportunity to branch
into different parts of
STEM such as technology?
5. If you could improve the
current system of STEM
what would you do?
6.What advice would you
give to young girls thinking
about a STEM career path?
1.What prompted me to get into STEM was
that someone suggested I pursue a career in
Nursing. Before that, my work experience
was in banking and finance. I had never
thought about going into medicine.
2. Howard County General is part of the
Johns Hopkins Hospital System. As part of
a larger entity that has multiple programs
that support diversity, we have access to
many programs for girls and minorities to
help them pursue careers in STEM.
Johns Hopkins is headquartered in
Baltimore, Maryland and they have
partnerships with school systems and
programs throughout Maryland that support
STEM.
3. Yes I do believe that the lack of
education opportunities and mentorship at
an early age affects young girls who want to
go into STEM. From 2010 to 2015, I
instructed a Nursing Assistant program in
Baltimore City Public Schools. I was
amazed at their enthusiasm, but was
disheartened by the lack of basic skills my
students possessed.
4. Yes. Nurses are able to branch into many
different parts of STEM. We have research
nurses, and nurses who work in Information
Technology (IT) departments to help with
the innovation of computer systems that
assist in patient
care.
5. If I could improve the current system of
STEM it would be to introduce STEM
concepts to students in elementary school.
In addition, I think that STEM pathways
should begin prior to middle school so that
students can begin their focus early and
have the basic
skills needed to succeed in STEM.
6. I would tell young girls thinking about a

Dr. Lisa 3/14/19 1. What made you get into
Anderson-Wyman STEM? Were you inspired
Occupation: by someone?
Veterinary Pathologist
2. Where there a lot of
II at Charles River
Pathology Associates females and minorities in
your classes in college? Do
you think you would have
received the same learning
opportunities if you
attended a different
college? If so, how? If not,
why?
3. How would you
encourage more women
and minorities into STEM?
4. What challenges have
you faced in your area of
STEM?
5. How would you explain
your field in STEM to
young girls?
6. Did you have a mentor
growing up? If not, what
makes a good mentor for
girls who want to pursue a
STEM career path?
STEM career path to "GO FOR IT!" There
are a wealth of options for them to pursue
and I think that they should
seize every opportunity. My daughter is an
engineer and I am very proud of her and the
experiences she's had within her career.
Also, I work with many young nurses who
I've had the opportunity to watch grow in
the field of medicine. Many of them are
now Nurse
Practitioners which is very close to being a
physician.
1. I wanted to be a Veterinarian since I was
7 years old. I always loved animals and
envisioned having a mixed small and large
animal clinical practice.
My parents are both Doctors of Dental
Science (i.e., Dentists). My dad was a
general dentist and oral surgeon and my
mom was an orthodontist and pediatric
dentist... both retired now), so I’ve always
been exposed to science and higher
education. You could say that my parents
were my inspiration. So, it was a natural
step. I just followed my passion. I worked
in a veterinary clinic in high school just to
verify it was truly a good fit before I
committed to it.
2. Although I grew up in Columbia, MD
and experienced little racism growing up, I
experienced a great deal of racism in the
private all-girls catholic high school I went
to in Baltimore (Archbishop Keough High
School, no longer in existence). I figured
that college and Vet School would be hard
enough and I didn’t want to have to deal
with racism too. So, I chose to go to an
HBCU, Tuskegee University. I went there
for both undergrad and Vet School. Of
course, undergrad was predominantly black.
Vet school was about 50/50, as whites that
can’t get into other Vet Schools come to
Tuskegee...even racist ones. There were
always more females than males, in every
class.
I actually think I would have experienced
better learning opportunities at a different
college. HBCUs don’t get the money that
predominantly white institutions get, so
resources are limited. I’ve also felt a stigma
in my career from some colleagues for my
choice of Vet school. If I had it to do all
over again, I probably would have chosen a
different college and Vet School.

3. I often talk to kids interested in

Veterinary Medicine and encourage them to
follow their dreams. I give them an
overview of the field and all that it has to
offer. There are many jobs in veterinary
medicine that many people do not know
about. I’m involved in a program through
Tuskegee that targets college students at
HBCUs. We mentor them through the
preparation and application process. I
continue to mentor them through vet school.
I would love to do the same for high school
kids, especially women and minorities.
STEM careers are rewarding in so many
ways.

4. Men hold many of the top executive

positions in corporate America. It’s not
impossible, but more difficult for women to
get ahead. Men still consistently get paid
more than women for the same jobs.
Sexism and sexual harassment are common
in all fields and I’ve experienced my share.

5. Veterinary Medicine encompasses a

variety of fields from pet medicine to the
race horse industry, the farming industry,
the military, food safety inspection, the
drug industry, scientific research, zoo and
wildlife medicine, marine medicine and
conservation, etc. There are so many niches
for specific interests and passions. It’s an
exciting field that offers personal,
professional, and financial rewards.
In Veterinary Pathology working for the
largest Contract Research Organization
(CRO) in the world, we were involved in
the research/testing of 85% of the drugs
approved by the FDA last year for human
patients. We are trying to bring better
medicines to market quicker, and kill drugs
that show toxicity early in the process, so
the companies can drop those and move on
to something else. We meet patients that are
waiting for these drugs to save their lives. It
is emotional and we are driven by the
patients to do our jobs. Like all industries, it
has its challenges. Drug research on animals
is a very difficult position, but I would
rather humanely sacrifice a rat (or monkey
or dog) than give my child a drug that could
kill him/her because it wasn’t tested in a
living system first. We use cell culture
systems and other in vitro (outside of the
animal) systems whenever possible. I look
into a microscope most days at primarily
frozen human tissues, making sure the drug
targets the cell of choice and not other cells.
I love my job!

6. I did not have a mentor growing up, other

than my parents. They always told me I
could be whatever I wanted. So at 7, I chose
Veterinarian. I never once changed my
mind. Although once I learned about all of
other specialties I could choose from, I
chose pathology. It is certainly my niche.
I think the only thing a mentor needs to
have is love and passion for her career, and
the willingness to share educational
opportunities, professional experiences, and
networking connections with those entering
the field. It’s also important to choose a
career with demand for jobs. Right now,
we’re hiring!
Meta Analysis Articles Subject What I read and learned
https://www.globalpolic How having The article address the
yjournal.com/blog/10/0 women in barriers that women face in
1/2019/women-stem-cri STEM is an STEM. Its talks about how
tical-innovation critical women are
innovation underrepresented in STEM
globally. One barrier that
women face is the lack of
role models and mentors,
the article said that parents
and teachers are tools to
encourage young girls into
STEM. Another barrier is
the “leaky” pipeline, which
is that women drop off at
every stage throughout the
STEM journey and how
women drop out due to
lack of confidence not
ability. Another barrier is
“meta” challenges such as
stereotypes about women.
Data Collected
The data that I have found were the ways to
encourage women to enter and to stay in
STEM. The article mentioned five ways to
do that, they are to highlight women in
STEM, redesign the educational system,
promote system role in problem solving,
collect data to expose gender gaps, and
rethink the hiring and retention process. The
article says that by “auditing” how the
schools operate by changing some of lesson
plans that are being taught. And how in the
U.S., women earn about 20% of
engineering degrees and 16%of computer
science degrees and how colleges are
addressing social impact of it. It also says
that how a school such as Harvey Mudd,
who have increased the percent of women
graduating from the computer science
program from 12% to 40% in 5 years and
they did this by revising its introduction
computing science course, provided
research opportunities for undergraduates
after freshman year, and exposed young
women students to key conferences and
meeting women leaders in the field.The
article also says that data needs to be
collected by using databases such as the
European Union's “She Figure” which
tracks the comparison of women and men in
a STEM field.
http://www.pewsocialtre Many The article explains that
nds.org/2018/01/09/man Americans many Americans said that
y-americans-say-they-li say they they had interest in math
ked-math-and-science-i liked math and science but never
n-school-thought-about- and science pursued a career in STEM.
a-stem-career/ in school Every student in school
thought learns about science and
about a stem math and many people
career enjoy learning but many
don't join especially
women. The article had a
survey that had data on
Three-quarters of
Americans that said they
liked science classes in
grades K-12 and they
found that 25% liked
STEM class while 75% did
like STEM. Most of
response for the dislikes
were they did not like the
experience that they had in
school (the way they were
taught and the subject
course). The article also
said that men were more
likely to like STEM than
women. And that Whites,
Blacks and Hispanics were
about equally likely to say
they liked STEM classes in
grades K-12.
The data that I have
found is that ¾ of
Americans have
said that they had
like science classes
in grades K-12. And
how about 4/10 of
STEM works said
that they had role
models. Some in
data in the article
said that men were
more likely than
women to say they
liked both math and
science classes
(54% vs. 39%). And
women who were
interested in STEM
but did not pursue it
said that it was
because they were
not encouraged (no
mentors), cost and
time barriers, had
difficulty getting
into STEM.