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1- Point-by-point method
Exercise:
Find E at point a & b due to:
1- only one lamp above point a.
2- The 3 lamps shown in the figure
3- E at 85° for both points
1- Ea= 562.5 lx
Eb= 85.7 lx
2- Ea= 648.2 lx
Eb= 171.4 lx
3- E= 0
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Artificial light calculation
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2- Zonal cavity method
For calculate the required lamps number for a space to ensure the recommended
level of illuminance (E) according to the space’s function.
n.φ .M f .U f
E= Eq.1
A
Where,
E: illuminance in Lux
n: number of lamps
ϕ: flux per lamp
€ Mf: maintenance factor
Uf: utilization factor
A: area of space
Dr.
Muhannad
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01/05/14
Artificial light calculation
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2- Zonal cavity method
Maintenance factor (Mf) based on multi factors. The most three important are:
a) Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD):
This factor depends upon the type of lamp and the replacement schedule. Use the
following when exact data are unavailable.
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Artificial light calculation
59
2- Zonal cavity method
Maintenance factor (Mf) based on multi factors. The most three important are:
b) Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (LDD):
This factor depends upon luminaire design, atmosphere conditions in the space, and
maintenance schedule.
Conditions Value Functions
[Link] 0.95 Operation rooms
Clean 0.85 Houses, lecture rooms, offices
Dirty 0.75 Kitchens, light industrial factories
[Link] 0.5 Heavy & dirt industrial factories
Dr.
Muhannad
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Hussein
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01/05/14
Artificial light calculation
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2- Zonal cavity method
Maintenance factor (Mf) based on multi factors. The most three important are:
C) Room Surface Dirt Depreciation (RSDD):
This factor is self-explanatory.
Conditions Value
[Link] 0.95
Clean 0.85
Dirty 0.75
[Link] 0.5
Dr.
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Haj
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Artificial light calculation
61
2- Zonal cavity method
For calculate the required lamps number for a space to ensure the recommended
level of illuminance (E) according to the space’s function.
E.A.δ
F= Eq.2
η.U f
Where,
E: illuminance in Lux Dust deposit (δ) Value
F: total flux in the space small 1.25-1.3
δ : dust deposit
€ Uf: utilization factor
Average 1.4
η: lumen output ratio
A: area of space High 1.5 - 1.6
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Muhannad
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Artificial light calculation
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Lighting calculation steps:
1- Considerations of space function: (E, GI, etc.)
2- Determine the space specifications: Room index (K), surface reflection, Uf
3- Selection of lighting system components (from catalogue): type of lamps, LOR,
weight, dimension, type of installation, protector; class, etc.
4- Calculations:
h
h' ’
I- Suspension index (J ), 0 ≤ J ≤ 1 J=
h'+hm
h hm
a.b
II- Room index (K) k=
hm (a + b) hwp
€
III-Find Utilization factor: (from Uf table according to J, K and class of luminaire),
€
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Artificial light calculation
63
Photometric Class of Luminaires
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Artificial light calculation
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Luminaires example : Catalogues snapshot
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IIII-Layout: distribution of luminaires to ensure uniform lighting),
Y − (n × Ly )
a= , ey = a + L y
ny
ey
e x/2
x − (n × Lx )
b= , ex = b + L x
n x€ a
X
ex
b
€
VI- Uniform spacing (e Tr & e Log)
e y/2
€ Smax = hm ×1.5
Y
Uniformity (U) = Emin/Emax≥ 60%
€
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Artificial light calculation
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Minimum initial illumination (MIE)
This value depends on two factors:
1-Factor of space= 70%
2-Factor of time= 1.25
Ex. What is MIE for required E = 40 lx
MIE= 40/0.7= 57 lx
In function of time, 57*1.25=71 lx. Is the illumination level upon which we have to
design our space.
Dr.
Muhannad
Haj
Hussein
Artificial light calculation
67
Glare index (GI)
Glare is a visual impression created by the presence of
illuminated area in the field of view. It can cause
tiredness, errors and injuries.
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Unified Glare Rating (UGR) or (GI)
The prevention can be achieved by several means:
1- First of them is correct placement of luminaires.
2- The light source should be covered or partially obstructed
3- Use large luminaires with low luminance,
4- Surface finishes that diffuse and scatter light should be used instead of
glossy ones that create strong reflections
5- luminaires with appropriate distribution of luminous density should be used
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Artificial light calculation
69
Unified Glare Rating (UGR) or (GI)
UGR ratings. Recommended limiting glare indices.
Zone Region UGR Maximum
Working area
Intolerable (not suited for work >28 allowed UGR
lighting)
Just intolerable 28 Drawing rooms 16
Discomfort
Zone Uncomfortable 25 Offices 19
Just Uncomfortable 22
Industrial work, fine 22
Acceptable 19
Industrial work, medium 25
Just acceptable 16
Comfort Zone
Noticeable 13
Industrial work, coarse 28
Just Perceptible (no glare) 10
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Artificial light calculation
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Unified Glare Rating (UGR)
View direction:
Calculate GI by using UGR method Crosswise
The UGR method relates to glare from ceiling fixtures
that are placed in a regular pattern. b
View direction:
b Endwise
X=
H
a
a
Y=
H
€
H = h − h'−1.2
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Muhannad
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Hussein
Artificial light calculation
71
Unified Glare Rating (UGR)
b
X=
H
a
Y=
H
€
H = h − h'−1.2
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Muhannad
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Artificial light calculation
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Unified Glare Rating (UGR)
Calculate GI by using Söllner Diagram
The Söllner Diagram is a graphical representation of
the calculated luminance values in the area between
45° and 85° to the vertical.
• Measures to limit discomfort glare by downlights mainly relate to this area.
• The slanted lines indicate the allowed limit values.
• The limit values depend on the quality class of the eye task and on the rated value
of the illuminance.
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Muhannad
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Artificial light calculation
73
• There is no glare in the space wherever the position of the luminaires
• There is a glare for all luminaires have gamma angle between 45° & 55°
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