CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
GENERAL SPECIFICATION G7
Air Conditioning Equipment
CONTENTS
G7.1 Air Conditioning Equipment ........................................................................................................ 1
G7.1.1 Air‐Cooled Split Unit ........................................................................................................ 1
G7.1.2 Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV) systems ................................................................... 4
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
G7.1 AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
G7.1.1 Air‐Cooled Split Unit
Each air‐cooled split air conditioning system, shall comprise an outdoor air‐cooled
condensing unit coupled to single or multiple direct expansion fan coil units as shown in
the Drawings. Each unit shall be equipped with suction, discharge and liquid shut off valves
with pressure connection for servicing. Factory installed gauge package shall be provided
with individual suction, discharge and oil pressure gauges for each compressor supplied
with individual shut‐off valves. The factory installation shall include mounting and piping
to the system.
(a) Air‐cooled Condensing Units
Air‐cooled condensing units shall be of the packaged type, fully weatherproof,
suitable for outdoor installation.
All units shall be completely factory assembled, piped, wired, tested and delivered
to site complete with all starting gear, controls, instructions and safety devices.
Each condensing unit shall comprise compressor, condensing coil, condenser fans,
motors, crankcase heater, starter, controls, valves and all necessary auxiliaries.
Liquid line solenoid valves shall be provided for condensing units with multiple‐step
unloading for proper oil return, based on manufacturer's recommendation.
(i) Compressor Assembly
1) Compressors shall be of the hermetically sealed, welded‐shell type and are
to be factory dehydrated, sealed and tested. Compressors shall be
complete with control and protective devices such as low and high
pressure cut‐outs, crankcase heater, suction line accumulator, motor
winding thermostat and over‐current devices.
2) The compressors shall be automatically sealed and refrigerant cooled.
Each compressor shall have the automatically reversible oil pump. Each
compressor shall unload in response to suction pressure down to 50% of
full capacity in 2 steps for partial load operation. Multiple compressor
units shall have step‐start fans and coils.
(ii) Condenser Assembly
1) The air‐cooled condenser shall be constructed with copper tubes
mechanically bonded to aluminium fins to form a cross fin coil. The coils
shall be degreased internally and externally before being brazed with
Nitrogen passing through the tubes.
2) The coils shall be tested in factory for leaks at 2240 kPa before assembly.
They shall again be pressure tested and leak tested after assembly at site.
3) Each fan coil unit shall consist of direct‐expansion evaporator coil, blower
fan and motor enclosed in a water‐proof casing.
(iii) Condenser Fan and Motor
1) The condenser fans shall be of the centrifugal direct drive type, with side
discharge for units located in M & E plant rooms; propeller direct drive
type with vertical discharge for units located in roofs or outdoor spaces.
G7.1‐1 Air Conditioning Equipment
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
2) The fans shall be protected with heavy gauge galvanised wire guard, and
painted with oven baked polyester paint. The fans shall be statically and
dynamically balanced.
3) Fan motors shall be permanent‐split‐capacitor type, complete with
thermal protection and permanently lubricated ball bearings.
(iv) Protective Devices
The protective devices shall include, and not limited to the following:
1) High Pressure Cut‐Out
2) Low Pressure Cut‐Out
3) Fusible Pressure Relief Plug
4) Compressor Motor Solid State Protection
5) Five Minute Timed Off, Anti‐recycle Timer
6) Separate System On‐Off Switches on each Compressor
7) Manual Reset Oil Pressure Protection
8) Internal Compressor Relief Valve
9) Internally Protected Condenser Fan Motors
10) Suction Line Accumulator
11) Separately Fused Condenser Fan Motor and Control Circuit
(b) Evaporator Unit (Fan Coil Unit)
(i) Evaporator
The evaporator coil shall be constructed from strong clean copper tubes
bonded to aluminium fins suitably spaced to ensure maximum heat transfer.
The inlet of the coil shall be factory brazed to an automatic thermostatic
expansion valve. The face velocity of the coil shall be low to ensure quiet
operation.
(ii) Evaporator Fan
The fan shall be a centrifugal blower driven by a permanently lubricated motor.
The fan is required to be silent and free of vibration during operation. The fan
speed shall be variable by means of a Hi‐Med‐Lo switch. In general, the sound
pressure level at 1 m away from the fan coil shall not exceed 54 dB(A) at 1m.
(iii) Filter
Panel filters of the washable type with an average arrestance of 85% when
tested in accordance with ASHRAE 52‐76 shall be provided.
(iv) Drain Line
There shall be a provision for draining the base pan through a PVC drainpipe to
the nearest floor trap, whether indicated in the Drawings or otherwise. Panels
shall be easily removable for servicing and maintenance. The drain line shall be
insulated with minimum 25mm thick closed cell insulation. All piping shall be
supported to prevent buckling at appropriate interval not exceeding 2m.
Air Conditioning Equipment G7.1‐2
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
(v) Control System
Each fan coil shall be equipped with controls and thermostat for regulating the
room temperature. The thermostat of each fan coil shall control its respective
solenoid valve on the refrigerant cycle. Only system designed and
manufactured in the factory are acceptable.
The main features of the control panel are:
1) Cooling and fan operation
2) On/off timer function
3) Timer remaining time display
4) Test run function
5) Serving louvre selector
(vi) Thermostat
A thermostat of an approved type shall be provided. In the case where there
are two compressors in the condensing unit, the thermostat shall be of the two
stages type. The thermostat shall be of the on/off type with an operating range
of 15degC – 30degC with a differential of 1degC suitably mounted in the room
to sense the return air temperature, to cycle the compressor for temperature
control. A built‐in thermostat shall be incorporated. This thermostat shall be
designed to operate on 24 VAC electrical supply. The wall mounted and ceiling
suspended fan‐coils shall be provided with remote control switch‐cum‐
thermostat with 3m of control wiring
(vii) Noise levels in the rooms
It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to ensure that the equipment chosen
shall not induce a noise level greater than specified in the rooms. If necessary,
acoustic treatment shall be provided.
(viii) Refrigerant Piping/Control Wiring
1) All refrigerant piping shall be type K, hard tempered, seamless copper
tubing to BS 659.
2) Pipe sizes shall be adequate to pass the refrigerant quantities required at
normal velocities with the pressure drop commensurate with the available
head. Refrigerant pipe sizes shall give pressure drops of not more than
20.7 kPa (3 psi) between compressor and condenser and 10.34 kPa (1‐1/2
psi) between evaporator and compressor. Velocities shall be adjusted to
ensure safe carriage of oil under operating conditions.
3) The whole of the refrigeration pipe lines including gas suction line, all
fittings, valve and strainer bodies, and flanges on the refrigeration
equipment shall be insulated with minimum 25mm thick closed cell
insulation. The insulation shall be wrapped with a double‐sided vapour
barrier sheet and encased in 24 gauge aluminium sheathing held in
position by means of 25mm wide x 24 gauge aluminium iron strips at
900mm centres.
4) The refrigerant piping for each refrigerant circuit shall include a filter drier,
a moisture indicating sight glass and services access valves.
5) All control wiring for the installation shall be run in conduits.
G7.1‐3 Air Conditioning Equipment
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
6) All refrigerant piping and electrical wiring in conduits shall be run in PVC
trunking. The trunking shall be properly secured to the wall above the false
ceiling by means of suitable hot dipped galvanised brackets. All trunking
exposed to room space shall be embedded into the wall. All trunking
subjected to ingress of water shall be sealed tight with approved sealing
compound.
7) In the outdoor area, the insulated refrigerant pipes and control wiring shall
be further enclosed with in PVC trunking.
G7.1.2 Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV) systems
Each VRV system shall comprise an outdoor air‐cooled condensing unit coupled to
multiple fan coil units as shown in the Drawings. All units shall be completely factory
assembled, piped, wired, tested and delivered to site complete with all starting gear,
controls, instructions and safety devices.
(a) Condensing Unit
(i) All condensing unit shall be package type, fully weatherproof, suitable for
outdoor application. The package unit shall be located and arranged such that
discharge of hot air does not cause a nuisance and recirculation to the fresh air
intake is avoided.
(ii) Condensing unit shall be designed such that the noise level will not exceed 57
dB(A) when measured 1m away horizontally and 1.5m above ground.
(iii) Condensing unit shall be provided with inverter type compressor of the high
efficiency and good energy consumption type complete with IC control system
to ensure reliability. Each condensing unit shall be of the hermetic reciprocating
compressors, each suitable for satisfactory operation down to 50% of its rated
capacity. The refrigerant circuit shall be complete with an accumulator, oil
recovery system, liquid and gas shut off valves and a solenoid valve, to ensure
safety operation of the system. Use of oil trap shall not be allowed.
(iv) Each condenser unit shall be of rust resistant outside galvanised steel plate and
double‐baked acryl resin finish. The casing shall be suitably coated with a bake
enamel finished. All nuts and bolts used shall be of the non‐ferrous type, or
other approved rust resistance material.
(v) All condensing unit shall be provided with concrete plinth using 8mm diameter
steel bar. Concrete used shall have [Link] mix. There shall be a minimum of 4%
reinforcing steel by weight. The foot of the equipment shall have a house pad
of concrete construction such that the house pad is at least 50mm higher than
the general concrete plinth. The detail drawing of the plinth and house pad shall
be submitted to the S.O. for approval before commencement of work at site.
(b) Evaporator Unit (Fan Coil Unit)
(i) Fan coil unit shall be of sufficient rigidity. Any panels of the fan coil unit found
to be observed to vibrate under operating condition shall be rejected and the
Contractor shall be responsible for replacing the unit without inconvenience to
the Client. Each fan coil unit shall be equipped with remote IC thermostat
sensor, which control room temperature.
Air Conditioning Equipment G7.1‐4
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
(ii) Fan coil unit shall consist of electronic control valves, evaporator fan, safety
start circuit, freezing up protection thermostat, etc. Evaporator coil shall be
copper tubes expanded into aluminium fins. The coils shall be degreased
internally and externally before being brazed with Nitrogen passing through the
tubes.
(iii) The coils shall be tested in factory for leaks at 2240 kPa before assembly. They
shall again be pressure tested and leak tested after assembly.
(c) Thermostat
(i) The thermostat sensor shall be located within the fan coil unit without being
exposed to view and shall be effective in sensing an accurate return air
temperature. The manufacturer shall be required to guarantee the
performance of the fan coil unit under this condition.
(ii) Control diagram for field wiring to the remote controller shall be provided by
the Contractor for the S.O.'s approval before commencement of works. The fan
coil unit shall be provided with remote control switch‐cum‐thermostat with 3
m control wiring.
(d) Drain Line
(i) There shall be a provision for draining the base pan through a PVC drain pipe to
the nearest floor trap or vertical rain drain pipe, whether indicated in the
Drawings or otherwise. Panels shall be easily removable for servicing and
maintenance. The drain line shall be insulated with minimum 25mm thick
closed cell insulation. All piping shall be supported to prevent buckling at
interval not exceeding 2 m.
(e) Filter
(i) Each fan coil unit shall be provided with a washable air filter, of minimum 70%
arrestance tested in accordance with ASHREA 52‐76.
(f) NC levels in the Rooms
(i) It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to ensure that the equipment chosen
shall not induce a noise level greater than specified in the rooms. If necessary,
acoustic treatment shall be provided under the Contractor
(g) Refrigerant Piping/Control Wiring
(i) All refrigerant piping shall be made of type K hard tempered seamless copper
tubing to BS 659.
(ii) The whole of the refrigeration pipe lines including gas suction line, all fittings,
valve and strainer bodies, flanges on the refrigeration equipment shall be
insulated with minimum 25mm thick closed cell insulation. The insulation shall
be wrapped with a double‐sided vapour barrier sheet and encased in 24 gauge
aluminium iron sheathing held in position by means of 25mm wide x 24 gauge
aluminium iron strips at 900mm centres.
(iii) The refrigerant piping for each refrigerant circuit shall include a filter drier, a
moisture indicating sight glass and services access valves.
(iv) All control wiring for the installation shall be run in conduits.
G7.1‐5 Air Conditioning Equipment
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
(v) All refrigerant piping and electrical wirings in conduits shall be run in PVC
trunking. The trunking shall be properly secured to the wall of the false ceiling
by means of suitable hot dipped galvanised brackets. All trunking exposed to
room space shall be embedded into the wall. All trunking subjected to ingress
of water shall be sealed tight with approved sealing compound.
(vi) In the outdoor area, the insulated refrigerant pipes and control wiring shall be
further enclosed with PVC trunking.
(h) Pipes and Fittings for Air‐Conditioning Systems
(i) Pipe Material
Pipe material for the various types of application shall be as follows:
1) All refrigerant pipes shall be of copper conforming to BS 659 or approved
standard.
2) Drain pipes and condensate water pipe shall be uPVC.
(ii) Pipe Supports
1) Piping shall be supported by clips, rollers or hangers, which shall prevent
buckling or sagging.
2) Horizontal pipes shall be suspended from rod or bar hangers fixed to hot
dipped galvanised steel straps surrounding the pipe and where pipes run
together in groups, a composite hanger may be used Single hangers shall
be as follows:
Strap/clip rod hanger
Nominal Pipe Dia (mm) mm Dia (mm)
Up to and including 40 25 x 1.6t 10
40 to 65 32 x 3.0t 10
65 to 150 40 x 5.0t 13
Above 150 to BS 3974 to BS 3974
3) Pipe hangers shall be placed not more than 600mm from each change of
direction where possible.
4) Vertical runs of pipes shall be supported by clamps or collars suitably
supported from angles or channels in turn resting on special spring
supports fixed to the floor slab. These supports shall be at least provided
at each alternate floor slab. Where vertical runs of pipes are turned at
floor level to run horizontally, purpose made collar and supports shall be
provided.
5) Brass pipe clips or rings shall be used on all copper tube. Ferrous pipes
shall have ferrous brackets and copper pipes shall have brass or gunmetal
brackets. For ferrous pipework the pipe brackets shall be hot dip
galvanised after manufacture.
6) Additional supports shall be provided adjacent to mixing valves and every
change of direction of the pipework, and other large pipeline mounted
items to prevent undue strain on adjoining pipework. Additional supports
shall also be provided adjacent to pump connections, etc., to prevent
undue strain on plant.
Air Conditioning Equipment G7.1‐6
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
7) The Contractor shall provide full details of the pipe runs and obtain prior
approval before carrying out the installation.
(iii) Copper Pipe Jointing and Fittings
1) All copper pipework up to and including 40mm diameter shall be joined by
means of capillary or compression fittings or may be brazed. Copper
pipework 50mm diameter and above shall be joined by means of flanged
connections. At terminal joints to equipment flanged joints shall be used
to facilitate maintenance, dismantling and repair.
2) All brazed joints shall be made using a hard solder. Under no
circumstances will the use of an acid brazed flux or fluid be permitted.
After brazed joints are made, they shall be thoroughly cleaned and washed
to remove all traces of flux before installation.
3) Flanges shall be gunmetal or composite steel/gun metal flanges in
accordance with BS 10 Table E or approved equivalent standards. Flanged
joints shall be flush and aligned and shall utilise corrugated jointing rings,
coated on both sides with the recommended jointing compound. Flanges
shall be silver soldered to the pipes.
4) In all cases the type of fittings used shall be entirely suited for their
application, special regard being paid to refrigerant properties and the
pressures involved. Where capillary fittings are used they shall have built
in solder rings, thereby requiring only flux and heat to make a truly clean
joint. Bends may be pulled as necessary, but in all cases a proper bending
machine with formers for the varying pipe diameters shall be used to
produce bends entirely free from buckling. Reduction tees may be brazed
into the larger pipes. In these cases great care must be taken to ensure
the hole cut in the larger pipe has the required matching contour curve.
Oversize holes, filled in with brazing after the joint has been made will not
be permitted.
5) If called upon to do so, the Contractor shall submit to the S.O., samples of
copper fittings and specimens of brazed joints for approval before any
work is carried out.
(iv) uPVC Pipe and Fittings
1) Unplasticised PVC (uPVC) pipework shall be to approved standard and
installed complete with standard moulded fittings. Tubing and fittings
shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval.
2) The uPVC pipe shall be odourless, shall not taint and shall be suitable for
the service and duty specified. The uPVC pipe shall be resistant to external
and internal corrosion and shall not be subjected to attack by insects and
rodents. The pipe material shall be suitable for the thermal insulating
materials and vapour sealing compounds specified elsewhere in the
Specification.
3) Pipe runs shall be fabricated using solvent welded sockets, bushes, bends,
elbows and tees but flange or screwed joints shall be used at connection
to plant items and valves. Sufficient additional flange joints shall be
provided to facilitate maintenance and dismantling as required by the S.O.
G7.1‐7 Air Conditioning Equipment
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
4) Generally for pipe fixing, particular care and attention shall be paid to the
greater degree of expansion and contraction of uPVC pipe in comparison
with that of metal pipes. Hangers or support spacing shall comply with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
(v) Pipe Insulation and Vapour Barrier
1) All condensate drain pipe including fittings and valves shall be insulated.
The insulation shall not be carried out until the pipes have passed the
required pressure test and approved by the S.O.
2) All insulation material, vapour barrier and accessories such as adhesive
shall be treated on total composite basis and materials offered shall be of
the type approved for use in air‐conditioning and mechanical ventilation
installations.
(vi) Preinsulated Pipes
1) General
Condensate drain pipes shall be factory preinsulated and prefabricated.
Straight joints, bends, valves, fittings, flanges, expansion joints, etc. shall
be insulated and jacketed at site by fully trained workmen. All site
installation works shall be carried out strictly according to the
manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. The Contractor shall
provide full details on his proposals for preinsulated pipes in his tender.
The preinsulated pipes shall be fitted and jointed to be weather proof.
2) Insulation
The insulation shall be rigid polyurethane foam machine injected into
the annular between the pipe and metal jacket. All insulation shall
have the following minimum physical properties:
Property Min Requirement
Density 48 kg/m3
Thermal Conductivity 0.023 W/m°K at 23°C mean
Compressive Strength 240 kPa
Closed Cell Content 90% by volume
All chilled water and condensate piping must be insulated with
insulation material specified above according to the following
thickness:
Nominal Pipe Diameter Insulation Thickness
Up to 50mm 30mm
63mm to 125mm 51mm
150mm and above 64mm
Air Conditioning Equipment G7.1‐8
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
3) Metal Jacket
All insulated pipe including valves and fittings inside the plant rooms,
inside the ceiling, wherever exposed to view and wherever specified or
indicated in the Drawings shall be finished with a metal jacket. The metal
jacket shall be 0.56mm thick aluminium sheet throughout. The aluminium
metal jacket shall be held in position by means of 25mm wide, 0.56mm
thick aluminium strips at 1 metre centres. Care shall be taken not to
penetrate the vapour barrier. All joints shall be to the S.O.'s approval.
Unless otherwise instructed by the S.O., all pipes shall be painted. The
metal jacket shall first be cleared and prime coated. The final colour shall
be in two coats of full finish paint according to the colour code specified.
4) Sealing of Joints
All joints to be insulated and jacketed at site shall be carried out by
fully trained personnel and follow strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. Exposed
polyurethane foam faces shall be fully protected with heat shields
prior to welding works. All casings sleeves shall be applied with
suitable sealing mastic and pop‐riveted before pouring in the
insulation foam. The foam shall be able to integrate with the piping
insulation at the interface and form a complete water vapour seal at
the joint upon setting. After allowing sufficient time for the chemical
foam to react, the air holes and pour holes shall be properly cleaned
and sealed.
All casing sleeves shall overlap factory ‐ installed metal jacket by at
least 150mm
5) Site Insulation
All joints and fittings shall be insulated and jacketed at site and shall be
carried out by fully trained personnel and follow strictly in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. Exposed
polyurethane foam faces shall be fully protected with heat shields prior
to welding works. All site installed metal jackets/casing sleeves shall
have minimum overlapping of 100m with the pre‐insulated pipe jackets
and shall be applied with suitable sealing mastic and pop‐riveted
before pouring insulation foam. The foam shall be able to integrate
with the piping insulation at the interface and form a complete water
vapour seal at the joint upon setting. After allowing sufficient time for
the chemical foam to react, the air holes and pour holes shall be
properly cleaned and sealed. No part of the foam is allowed to be
exposed without the coverage of metal jackets.
Preinsulated pipes passing through floor slabs shall be continuous
without joints and the remaining floor opening sealed with an
approved sealant.
G7.1‐9 Air Conditioning Equipment
CHANGI WATER RECLAMATION PLANT PHASE 2
CONTRACT C21B ‐ CIVIL & STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORKS FOR WET WEATHER FACILITY
6) Completed System
The completed system (insulation and jacket) shall have a water vapour
permeability of not exceeding 1.13 ng/N‐s (0.02 perm). It shall have a
certified fire‐rating of two hours at 1000degC.
END OF SECTION
Air Conditioning Equipment G7.1‐10
