NUTSHELL SERIES BOOK 2 BY CAPT. H. SUBRAMANIAM weet FRMLS, HRIN, FI FHM, Mi Th MUMS Prineipat LBS. College of Advanced Maritime Studies & Kesearch MARINE METEOROLOGY VIJAYA PUBLICATIONS 2 CHAITRA, 550 ELEVENTH ROAD. { ‘CHEMBUR, MUMBAI 400 071Clouds Classification of clouds; description and abbreviations of the ten basic lypes of ‘clouds, formation of clouds - turbulence, corographiclifing, convection currents and frontal iting Pressure gradient, wind and waves Isobars. pressure gradient. Coviols (geostrophic) force: prediction of wind ‘direction, prediction of wind speed, {geostrophic wind scale: sea, swell ust, squall, veering, backing, Buys Ballo's law, Beaufort wind scale and Beaufort weather rotation; descriptive terms to use to ‘describe sea and swell True and apparent wind ‘Meaning, difference, relationship, methods ‘of estimating direction and force of wind at s€8; problems involving true and apparent wind The seven basic isobaric patterns, Straight isobars; cyclone oF low. secondary low; anteyclone or high, co ridge or wedge; rough - non-frontal nd frontal. General pressure and wind distribution ‘The ideal condition; the actual season- wise situation. Prevailing winds Periodic and local winds: Land and sea breezes; the Monsoons of the Indian Ocean; Katabatic and Anabatic winds, 33 43 76 2 3 4 15 ‘Tropical revolving storms 89 Definition; danger to shipping, local names ‘and seasons, orign, movement and lifespan, structure; definitons: associated ‘weather storm surge: warning signs of an ‘approaching TRS: action to take when the presence of a TRS 1s confirmed: ideal Conaivons for the formation of a TRS. Weather reporting system 108 General idea, the voluntary observing fleet, synoptic hours, meteorological log books: classification of ships - selected ships, supplementary ships, auxiliary ships; equipment ang publications ‘supplied by the India Meteorological Department; Meteorological services & warnings as per SOLAS 74: obligation to report dangers. examples of safety ‘messages, weather bulletins, weather forecast areas around inci. Weather Codes 122 “The various types of weather reports ~ Ship reports: Land station reports: the SYNOP Code, the MAFOR Code; the IAC (Fleet; important points when coding a ships weather report; examples in coding ‘and decoding weather messages. Pressure measuring instruments. 133 ‘The principle, construction, corrections, ‘errors, maintenance and precautions when using the mercury barometer, the aneroid barometer, the precision aneroid barometer and the open scale barograph.16 1” 18, 19 20. a 22, Other meteorological instruments ‘The principle, construction, corrections, letors, maintenance and precautions when using the thermometer, the wet and dry ‘bulb hygrometer, the Stevenson screen, the whiring psychrometer Visual storm signals. General idea, descnption and pictorial ‘representation of vanous signals used in Indian ports. ‘Sea-surface currents in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal General idea of the three distinct phases ‘during the north-east monsoon, during the late north-east monsoon and during the south-west monsoon, Cyclostrophic force General idea; why winds in @ TRS move spirally inwards: why there is no wind at the eye of a TRS; why maximum wind speed occurs in the eye-wall: how Buy's Ballots law was derived. ‘Comparison between a tropical revolving storm and a temperate latitude depression, ‘Stability of air Absolute stably, absolute instability, ‘conditional stably; neutral equilbrum of Ice at sea General idea; sea.ico, ice-bergs - glacier origin and ice-shetf origin; their ‘description, diferences, movement 187 168 1 176 178 181 184 23 24, 25 26. ‘dimunition and visibility: probable indications of the proximity of an ioeberg, Classification of icabergs by the International Ice Patrol ice terms in ‘commen use: approximate ice-lmits, ‘The International Ice Patrol IMO reference, necessity, RMS Titanic ‘objective; area of coverage: contributors; ‘annual budget; headquarters: Ice Recon- hnaissance Unit, period of ice patrol. ai- ‘raft reconnaissance: source of ioe information, data processing; predictions; ‘roof of success: diminution of icebergs. tracking icebergs: other ice patrols, ‘Air-masses and fronts Definition of an sir-mass; factors affecting its properties, classification of ay-masses, dofiniton of a front, how a fronts detected by a meteorologist. warm and cold fronts Frontal depressions. Detailed description ofthe formation of a frontal depression, weather sequence on the passage ofa frontal depression ie. warm front warm sector and cold front, ‘occlusions, warm and cold occlusions. ‘Ocean currents ‘Causes of ocean currents — deft Lpweling, gradient; warm and cold ‘currents, examples of each type, general Circulation charts of each ocean, general ‘circulation in the Mediterranean Sea: effects of oceans currents an climate 194 202 ar