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This Is Hybrid Articulo
This Is Hybrid Articulo
research group
Title Título
THIS IS HYBRID
Subtitle Subtítulo
An analysis of mixed-use buildings
Prologue by Steven Holl
ISBN 978-84-616-6237-1
Authors Autores
a+t research group
Aurora Fernández Per
Javier Mozas
Javier Arpa
Coordination Coordinación
Idoia Esteban
Cover Portada
Alex S. Ollero
Printing Impresión
Gráficas Irudi s.l.
VI-101-2014
Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2014
Acknowledgments Agradecimientos
a+t architecture publishers agradece a todos los autores y colaboradores de las
obras que se incluyen en este número, su esfuerzo en la comprobación de datos y
en la recopilación de la información.
a+t architecture publishers thank the authors of the works featured in this
publication as well as all their collaborators including for their efforts in collecting
information and verifying data.
THIS INDEX
ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS
Hybrid Buildings. Prologue by STEVEN HOLL ...............................................................................................................6
TEXTS
Hybrid vigour and the art of mixing by MARTIN MUSIATOWICZ .............................................................................12
This is Hybrid by JAVIER MOZAS ..................................................................................................................................20
Hybrid versus Social Condenser by AURORA FERNÁNDEZ PER ..............................................................................42
HYBRID PROTOTYPES
Verticalism. The future of skyscraper by IÑAKI ÁBALOS, URTZI GRAU .................................................................276
Protocols Applied to High-Rise Mixed-Use Prototypes by IÑAKI ÁBALOS, RENATA SENTKIEWICZ ................298
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................................................308
CREDITS .........................................................................................................................................................................309
THIS IS HYBRID
‘A space large enough to take the banquet, elephants or “Un espacio lo suficientemente grande para dar un banquete, meter
go-karts. Ways of adapting from chamber music to ice elefantes o carreras de karts. Donde puedan existir diferentes maneras
hockey. An architecture that is made of the event, rather de introducir música de cámara o un partido de hockey-hielo. Una
than the envelope. So why not forget the envelope?’ arquitectura que surja del acontecimiento, más que de la envolvente.
Archigram. Peter Cook. The Monte Carlo project. 14 Entonces, ¿por qué no olvidarnos de la envolvente?”
Archigram. Peter Cook. The Monte Carlo project. 14
VILLES CRATÈRES BY CHANÉAC. Stadtstrukturen für morgen. Justus Dahinden. Gerd Hatje Verlag, 1972
34
SUNSET MOUNTAIN PARK A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
35
THIS IS HYBRID
2. Different initiatives
Diferentes iniciativas
Public initiative
Iniciativa pública
4. Public uses
Utilización pública
Exclusive use of the service programme by residents
Utilización exclusiva del programa de servicios por parte de los residentes
HYBRIDS
1:2,500
SOCIAL CONDENSERS
1:2,500
PARK HILL GALLARATESE COMPLEX
Sheffield. UNITED KINGDOM, 1959-1961 Milan. ITALY, 1967-1974
50
ANALYSIS OF USES BY SECTIONS AND PERCENTAGES
300 m
250 m
200 m
150 m
100 m
50 m
0m
1:2,500
50 % 50 % 50 %
40 % 40 % 40 %
30 % 30 % 30 %
20 % 20 % 20 %
10 % 10 % 10 %
0% 0% 0%
USES
HOTEL CULTURE CIVIC EDUCATION SPORT OTHER
83
MIXED-USE BLOCK
by ÁBALOS + SENTKIEWICZ, ATELIER L+
Diantaicun
Nanjing. CHINA, 2012-
LAOSHAN
NANJING
INFLUENCE AREA: Nanjing
POPULATION: 7,700,000 Inhabitants PUKOU
50 USES
40
30
20
10
0
% CAR PARK LIVING LIVE/WORK UNIT OFFICES SHOPPING HOTEL CULTURE CIVIC EDUCATION SPORT OTHER
This project aims to play down the tectonic concept of the modern skyscraper by intro-
ducing a design protocol based on thermodynamic principles to generate a new entity
founded on energy balance. Two energy exchange rings have been created: one of them
between the building envelope and the exterior climate and the other between the ener-
gy-producing and the energy-consuming uses during the daily working cycle. Balance
is attained through the integrated management of these two rings and aims to extend
itself out to the scale of the dense city. Two independent energy management units have
been planned for the block: the hotel tower and convention centre and the four residen-
tial blocks with the four-storey podium. The hotel initially rises up in a compact fashion
and then tapers off into a slimmer set of units further up. The area where the exchange
with the exterior takes place is the curtain wal, that regulates the radiation (glass) and
ventilation (inner courtyard) through air intakes controled at special levels.
Este proyecto intenta quitar peso al concepto tectónico del rascacielos moderno intro-
duciendo un protocolo de diseño, basado en principios termodinámicos, para generar
un nuevo ente basado en el equilibrio energético. Se crean dos anillos de intercambio
energético: uno entre la envolvente del edificio y el clima exterior y el otro entre los usos
productores y los consumidores de energía a lo largo del ciclo diario de funcionamiento.
El equilibrio se obtiene de la gestión integrada de estos dos anillos y trata de extenderse
a la escala de la ciudad densa. En el conjunto de la manzana se plantean dos unidades
autónomas de gestión energética: la torre de hotel y centro de convenciones y los cuatro
bloques de viviendas con el pódium de cuatro plantas. El hotel arranca de manera com-
pacta y se va disolviendo en un conjunto de unidades más esbeltas. Su superficie de in-
tercambio con el exterior es el muro-cortina, que regula la radiación (vidrio) y ventilación
(patio interior) mediante entradas controladas de aire en plantas especiales.
1:5,000
226
Section A 1:1,000 Nanjing 1:20,000
227
THIS IS HYBRID
240
BLOCK/TOWER (USA) STAN ALLEN, RAFI SEGAL
LIVING
VIVIENDAS
OFFICES
OFICINAS
SHOPPING
COMERCIOS
HOTEL
SPORT
DEPORTE
13 20 27 34 41 48
6
12 19 26 33 40 47
5
11 18 25 32 39 46
4
10 17 24 31 38 45
3
9 16 23 30 37 44
2
8 15 22 29 36 43
1
7 14 21 28 35 42
0
1:2,500
241
PROTOCOLS APPLIED
TO HIGH-RISE MIXED-USE PROTOTYPES*
by
Iñaki Ábalos,
Renata
Sentkiewicz
Our aim is to construct a laboratory that isolates the skyscraper from Nuestro objetivo es construir un laboratorio que aísle al rascacielos de
its tectonic noise following a systematic protocol based on thermo- su contaminación tectónica siguiendo un protocolo sistemático que
dynamic principles to generate new entities based on energetic equi- investiga los principios termodinámicos para generar nuevas entida-
librium. This not only leads to new prototypes but also to an alterna- des cuyo equilibrio energético no solo provoca nuevos prototipos sino
tive way of approaching the programming of uses, incorporating a también una forma alternativa de pensar la programación de usos,
public dimension reactive to the magma of the contemporary vertical incorporando una dimensión pública reactiva al magma de la ciudad
city, interacting with it, and suggesting another way of intervening in en altura contemporánea, e interactuando con ella, proponiendo otra
its regulating and organizing mechanisms. Applying thermodynamic forma de intervenir en sus mecanismos reguladores/organizativos. Los
principles to the mixed-use high-rise building supplants the tectonic principios termodinámicos en su aplicación al edificio híbrido en altura
principles of the primitive skyscraper, along with its grid structure, cir- suplantan a los principios tectónicos del primitivo rascacielos, al mis-
culation core, and mono-functional rings. This methodology encour- mo tiempo que alteran su estructura, núcleos de circulación y anillos
ages innovative exploration of the typology’s potential. mono funcionales. Esta metodología impulsa la exploración innovado-
ra de todo el potencial que contiene la tipología.
*Research Studio held at the Graduate School of Design of Harvard University and at the Barcelona *Estudio de investigación realizado en la Graduate School of Design de la Universidad de Harvard y en el
Institute of Architecture-BIArch, Spring term 2012. Barcelona Institute of Architecture-BIArch en la primavera de 2012.
298
FRANK SCHERSCHEL. TIME & LIFE PICTURES. GETTYIMAGES
01. GYMNASTICS AND REPRESENTATION 01. GIMNASIA Y REPRESENTACIÓN
The first step in this protocol proposes a gymnastic exercise to help El primer paso de este protocolo propone una gimnasia para aprender
students momentarily set aside tectonic principles and begin devel- a olvidar los principios tectónicos y entrar en posesión del aire desde los
oping a mastery of the air using the dynamics of energetic transfers, mecanismos de transferencia energética, obviando cualquier aproxima-
obviating any metaphorical or poetic approach towards the nature of ción metafórica/poética a la naturaleza del aire o del espacio. Tres pasos
air or space. There are three steps in this phase: the comprehension organizan esta fase: la comprensión de los fenómenos de la conducción,
of the phenomena of conduction, convection, radiation and evapo- convección, radiación y evapotranspiración estudiándolos en unidades
transpiration by studying them in simple units; experimenting with simples; la experimentación con los principios de agregación de estas
the principles of aggregation of said units in establishing a catalogue unidades simples estableciendo un catálogo de agregaciones de máxi-
of maximum and null efficiency aggregates that allow an understand- ma y nula eficacia que permite entender las interacciones entre forma
ing between form and energetic exchange. Finally, the elaboration e intercambios energéticos. Y, finalmente, la elaboración de un sistema
of a representational system of these phenomena capable of render- de representación de estos fenómenos, capaz de dotar de visibilidad a
ing visible the transfer of heat gains independent of the standard la transferencia de ganancias térmicas sin sujeción a los códigos tópicos
codes (i.e. by abolishing the representation of “cold air”, nonexistent (por ejemplo aboliendo la representación del “aire frío”, inexistente en los
in thermodynamics, substituted by the representation of differing na- principios termodinámicos, sustituida por la representación de la diferen-
tures of heat transmission in matter (conduction), air (convection) or te naturaleza de la transmisión de calor en la materia (conducción), el aire
through electromagnetic waves (radiation). This phase will exclusively (convección) o a través de ondas electromagnéticas (radiación). Se utilizan
use vector based representation techniques. en esta fase exclusivamente técnicas vectoriales de representación.
299
THIS IS HYBRID
SUMMER CONDITIONS
SUN COMBINATION
OBJECTIVE: To reduce direct sunlight exposure on south and west direc on, to expose on morning light and indirect light on north and east direc on.
N N
N E N E N
W E W E
N S N S
S S W S W S W
WIND
OBJECTIVE: To reduce local rela ve humidity level by increasing the velocity of the wind to remove the vapor from sta c air.
N N
N E N E N
W E W E
N S NW SE
S S W S W S W
POSITIVE (+)
TERRAIN
OBJECTIVE: To reduce local rela ve humidity level by li ing the mass from the ground level.
HUMIDITY
FINAL DEFORMATION
OBJECTIVE: To combine deforma on from various external clima c parameters and according to their importance deform the final massing.
N E N E
S S
W W
01. Volumetric box 02. Deforma on into a linear massing to introduce ven la on. 03. Til ng the north and south face to minimize direct sun exposure. 04.
Raising the mass to create more uniform ven la on on the leeward side.
as a
er
m
Sum
FINAL DEFORMATION
YES
In
di
re
ct
lig
ht
ter
Win
N E
71
25
NO
Winter Wind
S
N
Summer Wind
W
S N S
304
2.1 - Clima c parameters and natural energy sources
2.2 - External form factor in rela on with the climate PROTOCOLS APPLIED TO HIGH-RISE MIXED-USE PROTOTYPES
WINTER CONDITIONS
OBJECTIVE: To increase direct sunlight exposure to passively heat on cold outdoor temperature.
N N
N E
W E W E
N S
S S
W S
N N
N E
W E W E
NW SE N S
W S S S
POSITIVE (+)
OBJECTIVE: Using geothermal cooling from the earth and sea by loca ng some of the mass underground.
SEA LAND
17:23 17:23
W W
N
N E N E 21:30N 21:30
BCN SUN PATH BCN SUN PATH
SUMMER PREVAILING WIND
SUMMER PREVAILING WIND
S S
E E
S S
W W
W- Basic aggrega on system W- Basic aggrega on system
N N 2.52.6 - Topologic organiza on
2.5
2.6 - Topologic organiza on
WINTER PREVAILING WIND WINTER PREVAILING WIND
sure. 04. Li ing the top massing of the south side eleva on to provide more room 05. Roof angle to provide more surface area towards the indirect sun on the north
for incoming summer wind (SW) to penetrate inside the void and also
THERMODYNAMIC MIXER - BARCELONA WINTER THERMODYNAMIC MIXER - BARCELONA WINTER
Use Energy to heat/cool (w/m2) Time Interval Percentage (%) Percentage x Energy
Use Area(w/m2)
Energy to heat/cool (m2) Time Interval Percentage (%) Percentage x Energy Area (m2)
as a device to bring winter wind (NW) of a higher eleva on down to the void. Gaming Library
Bar
45,59
-49,96
9
20
18
24 0 3
0,47
Gaming Library 21,43
0,77
Bar -38,47
45,592.350
-49,963.850
9
20
18
24 0 3
0,47
0,77
21,43
-38,47
2.350
3.850
Game Center -65,20 9 20 Game Center -55,42
0,85 -65,204.250 9 20 0,85 -55,42 4.250
Game Center (Late) -65,20 0 9 20 24 0,33 -21,52
Game Center (Late) -65,201650 0 9 20 24 0,33 -21,52 1650
Residen al 44,32 0 9 18 24 1,00Residen al 44,32 44,325.000 0 9 18 24 1,00 44,32 5.000
15.450 15.450
Producer Total : 957,4 W/m2 Producer Total : 957,4 W/m2
Absorber Total : 867,7 W/m2 Absorber Total : 867,7 W/m2
60 60
40 40
ENERGY (W/M2)
0 0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
GAME CENTER GAME CENTER
(LATE) (LATE)
20 BAR BAR 20 BAR BAR
40 40
GAME CENTER GAME CENTER GAME CENTER GAME CENTER
(LATE) (LATE) (LATE) (LATE)
60 60
E S S
Gaming Library
Bar
Game Center
90,00
235,00
315,00
9
20
9
18
24
20
0 3
Gaming Library 42,30
0,47
0,50
Bar
Game Center 267,75
0,85
117,50
90,002.350
235,002.500
315,004.250
9
20
9
18
24
20
0 3
0,47
0,50
0,85
W 42,30
117,50
267,75
2.350
2.500
4.250
Game Center (Late) 315,00 0 9 20 24 0,33 103,95
Game Center (Late) 315,001650 0 9 20 24 0,33 103,95 1650
Residen al 85,00 0 9 18 24 1,00Residen al 85 85,005.000 0 9 18 24 1,00 85 5.000
14.100 14.100
350 350
E E
300 300
S S
RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL
250 250
ENERGY (W/M2)
ENERGY (W/M2)
200 200
GAME CENTER GAME CENTER GAME CENTER GAME CENTER GAME CENTER GAME CENTER
(LATE) (LATE) (LATE) (LATE)
150 RESIDENTIAL 150 RESIDENTIAL
100 100
N N
N
W E
N W W
38 m 38 m 38 m 38 m
37 m 37 m 37 m 37 m 37 m 37 m 37 m 37 m
305
THISISHYBRID
THE HYBRID BUILDING IS A SPECIMEN OF OPPORTUNITY EL EDIFICIO HÍBRIDO ES UN ESPÉCIMEN DE OPORTUNIDAD
WHICH HAS THE MIXED-USE GENE IN ITS CODE QUE INCLUYE EN SU CÓDIGO EL GEN DE LA MIXICIDAD
It turns against the combination of the usual programs and Se revuelve contra la combinación de los programas habi-
bases its whole raison d’etre on the unexpected mixing of tuales y basa su razón de existir en la inesperada mezcla de
functions. The hybrid is the consequence of a rant against funciones. El híbrido es la consecuencia de un rebote con la
tradition, it sticks two fingers up at typology. tradición, de un corte de mangas a la tipología.
It is an opportunist building which makes the most out of Es un edificio oportunista, que saca partido a sus múltiples
its multiple skills, a key player which revitalizes the urban habilidades, un actor con un papel destacado que revitaliza
scene and saves space. la escena urbana y ahorra territorio.
The hybrid scheme proposes cross-fertilization environ- El esquema híbrido propone entornos de fecundación cru-
ments, where known genotypes are mixed and new ge- zados, donde se mezclan genotipos conocidos y se crean
netic alliances are created. This way the personality of the nuevas alianzas genéticas. Así surge la personalidad del hí-
hybrid emerges, as a celebration of complexity. brido, como una celebración de la complejidad.
Hybridization is associated with a certain form of gran- La hibridación se asocia con una cierta forma de grandeur,
deur, of gigantism, as mixing imposes grandeur. The hy- de gigantismo, porque la mezcla impone la talla. El híbrido
brid surpasses the domains of architecture and settles desborda los dominios de la arquitectura y se asienta en la
into the urban scale. It is an artefact able to exercise cen- escala urbana. Es un artefacto capaz de ejercer una fuerza
tripetal force, a colossus counteracting the evil forces of centrípeta, un coloso que contrarresta las fuerzas maléficas
dispersion. de la dispersión.
The intimacy of private life and the sociability of public life La intimidad de la vida privada y la sociabilidad de la pú-
dwell within the hybrid and produce constant activity, mak- blica anidan en él y producen una actividad constan-
ing it a building working full-time. It is not a disciplinary te, convirtiéndolo en un edificio de jornada continua.
prototype but a concentration of interests, based not on No es un prototipo disciplinar, sino una concentración de
tradition but rather on the future and the survival of which intereses, no se basa en la tradición sino en el futuro y su
hinges on consensus. supervivencia depende del consenso.
THIS IS HYBRID is an updated and enlarged selection of the THIS IS HYBRID es una selección actualizada y ampliada de
articles and projects published initially in the Hybrids se- la serie Hybrids, publicada inicialmente en las páginas de la
ries of the a+t magazine. revista de arquitectura a+t.
The prologue, written by Steven Holl specially for this El prólogo, escrito por Steven Holl especialmente para
compilation, puts forward the potential of hybrid buildings esta compilación, avanza el potencial de los edificios híbri-
in the 21st Century. dos en el siglo XXI.
Research on new prototypes, conducted by Iñaki Ábalos Las investigaciones sobre nuevos prototipos, dirigidas
at AAP-Cornell GSD-Harvard and BIArch-Barcelona com- por Iñaki Abalos en AAP-Cornell, GSD-Harvard y BIArch
pletes this volume in which reality is closer to utopia. -Barcelona completan este volumen en el que la realidad se
sitúa más cerca de la utopía.
ISBN 978-84-616-6237-1
architecture publishers