DOUGLAS FIR USE BOOK STRUCTURAL DATA AND DESIGN TABLES 1410 S. W. MORRISON STREET PORTLAND 5, OREGON Price $5.00 per copy7m DOUGLAS FIR USE BOOK HYPERBOLIC-PARABOLOID SHELLS Doubly curved, hyperbolic-parabolotd roof structures of lumber are easy to design and to construct, and ‘added benefits of economy 'and rance. The name stems from th matical de Scal_ formulae feribing the curvature of the decking surface. ‘The curve of the decking isa convex para- tole when viewed parallel fone axde drawn through opposite comers, and a concave para- bola when viewed from am axis 90 degrees to the first. Curves formed by the intersection ofthe wurace of the sll ith a oreo ane are hyperboli. The horizontal projec: Eon of such a shell may be square or digaond ign, ih the for ies of equ length, t bypetnliopommileds toe wien pe of byperbolic-para jrizontal pro- Jecton of an‘individual’ shell may be ee. {angular in’ shape ‘with adjacent’ sides of tmequal length. In slevatiom, the opposite comers are elevated an equal distance above the other two, (See Figure 84). ‘The principal forees to be considered in the design of a hyperbolic paraboloid hell fare the reactions, the compression forces in the perimeter members, the shear Serer at the Junction of the sheathing a m thelr members cad toe ditt tenn and compression forces in the sheathing. These forces are easly determined by statics. Once the forces have been determined, the member tlzes and connections are designed by stand- and engineering procedures, The method of fanalysis described. hore can also be applied {o a tories of hyperbolic paraboloid. While tar ae sevral methods of co: ting the forces in « hyperbolic parabola hell, the simpler isto resolve the reactions Into component forees in the surface and the perimeter members. This method of analysis fan fe be lsceedby he flowing ample igure 85 isan isometric view of a simple shell where: oversee 4 = length of one side, a = length ofthe horizontal projec- tion of length @y = total compression foree in pei- meter member, € = principal compressive force in Eheathing per foot, resultant of the vertical reac- tion Rand the horizontal thrust H, horizontal thrust, vertical distance from a sup- port to the highest point of the shell, ® inclined distance from a. sup- Beso, he mips = length along longitudinal length along transverse axis, vertical reaction, t = principal tension force in ‘Sheathing per foot, ¥ = boundary shear force per foot. Py und Loading Conditions: Because of curvature, the dead load is not ‘uniform ever the projected area and the vari- lance increases as the rise increases. However, for hyperbolic paraboloid shells built of lum: ber the dead load is likely to be very small as compared to the live load, and the non form distibution of the dead load is therefore usually neglected, ‘Unsymmetrical concentrated loads or un- ‘Perimeter: member ‘Convex. parabolo Figure G4-Singlo Hyparbolie-Parabolld shel. ae.—_— DOUGLAS FIR USE BOOK a7 ARABOLOID SHELLS HYPERBOLIC belanced live leads could cause the structure to tip unless restrained by: 1. A tension te or strut from foundation each high point. (Wal framing may be designed to-serve this purpoee.) 2. A combination tension and compres- ‘don te to one high point. 43, Connections at the two principal points of support expecially designed to resist rotatn. 4, Multiple hyperbotic-paraboloid,struc- tures, inter-connected at their adjacent high points Restraint of the high points that prevent nor. ral deflections of the shell under live load ‘ill cause cecondary stresses in the structure, However, te load, and therefore the dele: tions, at the high points are very small. It is Havmested that these secondary, stresses, be effected, since the unit stresses in the shell fare normally very low. Since wind, snow or other live loads are normally unbalanced as they occur om struc: ures, the restraint against tipping most frovided even though the design astumes bal Enced loeding. Because the structure's dead ‘weight is small, it should be well tied down uring erection to resist wind forces. Force In Perimeter Member For alanced ive and, deed loads he ‘vertical reactions are one-half the sum . - ‘i aan ga horomtal thrust, Hy at "awe OS-Stemeny of WrowheeParbnlad ; the reactions is derived by simple proportion, i fand for this condition (see Figure 85), the Dividing the force, “F," into components ' thrust is determined es follows: parallal to the perimeter iaembers, the com- ROH fression fore, NEP"in the pester mem ho mc i ‘ving for H; 7 i solving 7 ¥ } H w solving for C; \ 7 ving for C; it ar i ‘The force, “F,” which is in the direction c= "i of the line k in Figure 85, is the resultant of x i the horizontal thrust, “H,” and the vertical ib reaction, “R.” substituting the velue for F in equation (2) 4 ““p" js solved by proportion as follows: — ; FOR h Ra i aes cs == @ i kon ak oh u solving for F; ‘The foregoing is based on the assumption Ge Rk thatthe rescions will be at the two lw F=—— (2) points of the structure. If the supports are i bh Placed at the two high points the forces will