HYDRAULICS AND IRRIGATION BARRIAGE DESIGN REPORT

Design of Barrage
Barrage:
An artificial barrier across a river or estuary to prevent flooding, aid irrigation or
navigation, or to generate electricity by tidal power.

Headwork:
Any Hydraulic Structure which supplies water to the off-taking canal is called a
Headwork. Headwork may be divided into two classes:

 Storage Headwork
 Diversion Headwork

1. Storage Headwork
A Storage Headwork comprises of “the construction of a dam across the river”. It stores
water during the period of excess supplies in the river and releases on demand.

2. Diversion Headwork
A Diversion Headwork serves to divert the required supply into the canal from the river.
A Diversion Headwork can further be sub divided into two principal classes:

 Temporary Spurs or Bunds

 Permanent Weirs and Barrages

Weir
The weir is a solid obstruction put across the river to raise its water level and divert the
water into the canal. If a weir also stores water for tiding over small periods of short
supplies, it is called a storage weir.

The main difference between a storage weir and a dam is only in height and the duration
for which the supply is stored. A dam stores the supply for a comparatively longer
duration compared to Diversion Headworks, Furthermore the Dams are high head
structures, which produced Hydropower besides Irrigation Water whereas the Headworks
are low head structures which only divert river supplies into canal for Irrigation.

Types of Weir

Weir may be of different types based on “materials of construction, design features and
types of soil foundation as:

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1. Vertical drop Weir

A crest gate may be provided to store more water during flood period”. At the
upstream and downstream ends of impervious floor cut off piles are provided.
Launching aprons are provided both at upstream and downstream ends of floor to
safeguard against scouring action. A graded filter is provided immediately at the
downstream end of impervious floor to relieve the uplift pressure. This type of weir is
suitable for any type of foundation.

2. Sloping Weir of Concrete

This type is suitable for soft sandy foundation. It is provided where difference in weir
crest and downstream river bed is not more than 3.0 m”. Hydraulic jump is formed when
water passes over the sloping glacis. Weir of this type is of recent origin.

3. Parabolic Weir
A parabolic weir is almost similar to spillway section of Dam. The weir or body wall for
this weir is designed as low head dam.

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4. Dry Stone Sloping Weir

It is a dry stone or rock fill weir. It consists of body wall and upstream and downstream
dry stones are laid in the form of glacis with some intervening core wall.

Function:
The function of a Barrage is similar to that of weir, but the gates alone control the heading
up of water. No solid obstruction is put across the river. The crest level in the barrage is
kept at a low level.

During the floods, the gates are raised to clear off the high flood level”, enabling the high
flood to pass downstream with maximum afflux. When the flood recedes, “the gates are
lowered and the flow is obstructed, thus raising the water level to the upstream of the
barrage. Due to this multiple structural components, it is costlier than the weirs.

Barrage
Low set crest
Ponding is done by means of gates
Gated over entire length
Gates are of greater height
Gates are raised to pass high floods
Weir
High set crest
Ponding is done against the raised crest or
partly against crest and partly by shutters
Shutters in part length
Shutters are of low height
Shutters are dropped to pass floods

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Perfect control on river flow No control of river in high floods

Gates convenient to operate Operation of shutters is slow, involve
labor
High floods can be passed with minimum High afflux in high floods
afflux
Less silting upstream due to low set crest Raised crest causes silting upstream
Longer construction period Shorter construction period
Silt removal is done through sluices No means for silt disposal
Longer construction period Shorter construction period
Silt removal is done through under sluices No means for silt disposal
Road or rail bridge can be constructed at Not possible to provide road-rail bridge
low cost
Costly structure Relatively cheaper structure
Purpose of headworks:
Headwork serves the following purposes

 It raises the water level” in the river so that the command able area can be increased.
 It regulates” the intake of water into the canal.
 It controls” the silt entry into the canal.
 It reduces fluctuations” in the level of supply in the river.
 It stores water for tiding over small periods of short supplies.
 It facilitates the flood management as well as smooth entry of river supply into the
off-taking canal.
 It provides a roadway over the river crossing for public facilitations.

Plan of Barrage:

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Cross Section of Barrage

Wetted Perimeter:
In open channel flow, the wetted perimeter is defined as the surface of the channel bottom
and sides in direct contact with the aqueous body. Friction losses typically increase with
an increasing wetted perimeter, resulting in a decrease in head

Under-sluice:
A sluice covered from view or lying beneath another structure specifically : a wasteway
for sluicing out canals in which the waste escapes beneath other structures

Main Weir:
A weir or low head dam is a barrier across the width of a river that alters the flow
characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level.
There are many designs of weir, but commonly water flows freely over the top of the weir
crest before cascading down to a lower level.

Retrogressed state:
Retrogression: It is a temporary phenomenon which occurs after the construction
of barrage in the river flowing through alluvial soil. As a result of backwater effect and
increase in the depth, the velocity of water decreases resulting in deposition of
sedimentation load

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HYDRAULICS AND IRRIGATION BARRIAGE DESIGN REPORT

Design of Barrage

Input Design Data

Maximum Discharge, Q max 413350 cusecs
Minimum Discharge, Qmin 12000 cusecs
River Bed Level, RBL 582 ft
High Flood Level, HFL 600 ft
Lowest water level, LWL 587 ft
Numbers of canals on left side 1
Numbers of canals on right side 2
Maximum Discharge of one Canal 3500 cusecs
Slope of river 1 ft/mile
Lacey's Looseness Coefficient, LLC 1.8

1- Minimum Stable Wetted Perimeter

Wetted perimeter, Pw = 2.67√ Qmax 1717 ft
Width between abutment, Wa = LLC x Pw 3090 ft
Number of bays 45
Bay width 60 ft
Number of fish ladder 1
Width of one fish ladder 26 ft
Number of divide walls 2
Width of one divide wall 15 ft
width of one pier 7 ft
Total number of piers 42
Total width of bays 2700 ft
Total width of piers 294 ft
Width between abutment, Wa 3050 ft
cusec
Discharge between abutments, qabt 135.52 s/ft
cusec
Discharge over weir, q weir 153.09 s/ft

2- Calculation of Lacey's Silt Factor

S = (1/1844) x f**5/3 / Q**1/6
Lacey's silt factor, f 2.00

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3- Fixation of Crest Level

Afflux 3 ft
Height of crest above river bed, P 6 ft
Scour depth, R = 0.9(qabt**2 / f)**1/3 17.87 ft
Depth of water above crest, Ho = R- P 11.87 ft
Approach velocity, Vo = qabt / R 7.58 ft/s
Energy head, ho = Vo**2 / 2g 0.89 ft
Eo = Ho + ho 12.76 ft
Do = HFL - RBL 18.00 ft
E1 = Do + ho + Afflux 21.89 ft
Level of E1 = RBL + E1 603.89 ft
Crest level = Level of E1 - Eo 591.13 ft
Maximum d/s water level 598 ft
h = d/s WL - Crest Level 6.87 ft
Using Gibson Curve
h / Eo 0.54
C' / C 0.92
C 3.8 fps
C' = (C'/C) x C 3.50

Q = C' x W clear x Eo**3/2 430397.33 cusecs

O.K

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4- Design of Undersluices

Difference between undersluices & main weir 3 ft

Number of undersluices (N1) 2
Number of bays for one undersluices (N2) 5
Flow through undesluices as % of main weir 120 %
Crest level of undersluices 588.13 ft
b1 = N1 x Bay width 300 ft
cusec
qus = % flow x q weir 183.711111 s/ft
Scour depth, R = 0.9(qus**2 / f)**1/3 23.07 ft
Do, (may be Do = R) 23.084 ft
Approach velocity, Vo = qus / R 7.96 ft/sec
Energy head, ho = Vo**2 / 2g 0.98 ft
Maximum U/S E.L = HFL + Afflux + ho 603.98 ft
Eo = U/S E.L - Crest Level 16.62 ft
h = (U/S E.L - Afflux) - Crest level 12.85 ft
h / Eo 0.77
Using Gibson Curve
C' / C 0.835
C' = (C'/C) x C 3.17

Q1 & Q3, ( Q = C' x Wclear x Eo**3/2) 128994 cusecs

Q main weir = C' x (Wclear(bays) - Wclear( us) )x Eo**3/2 334753 cusecs
Total Discharge = Q1 + Q3 + Q main weir O.K 463747 cusecs
%water through undersluices=(Q1+Q3)/Qmain weir*100 1 38.5 %
Hence
Crest Level of Undersluices 588.13 ft
Number of Bays on Each Side 5

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For Main Weir

Determination of water and energy level

NORMAL STATE

River Bed Level 582 Clear Width 2700 Qmax 370850

Crest Level 591.13

Do = USWL-
Discharge DSWL Afflux USWL qWier Velocity ho h Ho USEL Eo h/Eo c'/c Qclear Q %age
RBL
diff.
cfs ft ft ft ft cfs/ft ft./sec ft ft ft ft ft cfs/ft cfs
445020 598 4.5 602.5 20.5 164.822 8.04011 1.004 6.87 11.37 603.5 12.4 0.55521 0.94 155.477 419787 6.010969
370850 597.5 4.2 601.7 19.7 137.352 6.97218 0.755 6.37 10.57 602.45 11.3 0.56248 0.9 130.339 351915 5.380613
185425 595 3.3 598.3 16.3 68.6759 4.21325 0.276 3.87 7.17 598.58 7.45 0.51977 0.88 67.9391 183436 1.084574
92712.5 588 7.5 595.5 13.5 34.338 2.54355 0.100 3.13 4.37 595.6 4.47 0.70015 0.94 33.7629 91159.9 1.703213

RETROGRESSED STATE

River Bed Level 582 Clear Width 3 Qmax 370850

Crest Level 591.13

Do = USWL-
Discharge DSWL Afflux USWL qWier Velocity ho h Ho USEL Eo h/Eo c'/c Qclear Q %age
RBL
diff.
cfs ft ft ft ft cfs/ft ft./sec ft ft ft ft ft cfs/ft cfs
445020 594 8 602 20 164.822 8.241 1.055 2.87 10.87 603.05 11.9 0.24068 0.98 153.347 414037 7.483213
370850 593 8 601 19 137.352 7.229 0.811 1.87 9.87 601.81 10.7 0.17507 0.99 131.331 354592 4.584853
185425 587 10.5 597.5 15.5 68.6759 4.431 0.305 4.13 6.37 597.8 6.67 0.61874 0.99 64.8753 175163 5.858388

ACCRETED STATE

River Bed Level 582 Clear Width 598 Qmax 370850

Crest Level 591.13
Do = USWL-
Discharge DSWL Afflux USWL qWier Velocity ho h Ho USEL Eo h/Eo c'/c Qclear Q %age
RBL
diff.
cfs ft ft ft ft cfs/ft ft./sec ft ft ft ft ft cfs/ft cfs
445020 603 2.2 605.2 23.2 164.822 7.10441 0.110316865 11.87 14.07 605.31 14.2 0.83708 0.76 154.215 416380 6.878333
370850 602 2 604 22 137.352 6.24327 0.096945124 10.87 12.87 604.1 13 0.83829 0.75 133.076 359307 3.212703
185425 599 2 601 19 68.6759 3.61452 0.056126124 7.87 9.87 601.06 9.93 0.79286 0.6 71.3025 192517 3.683655

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Q qclear USEL DSEL hL E2 DSFL

State cfs cfs/ft ft ft ft ft ft
445,020 155.48 603.50 599.00 4.50 18.2 580.80
N.State 370,850 130.34 602.45 598.25 4.20 16 582.25
185,425 67.94 598.58 595.28 3.30 10.2 585.08
496,020 153.35 603.05 595.05 8.00 19 576.05
Ret.State 413,350 131.33 601.81 593.81 8.00 17.1 576.71
206,675 64.88 597.80 587.30 10.50 11.8 575.50
496,020 154.215 605.31 603.11 2.20 17 586.11
Acc.State 413,350 133.076 604.10 602.10 2.00 15.8 586.30
206,675 71.302 601.06 599.06 2.00 10.7 588.36

Under sluice
NORMAL STATE
Clear
River Bed Level 582 2700 Qmax 370850
Width
Crest Level 588.13
Do =
Discharge DSWL Afflux USWL USWL- qWier Velocity ho h Ho USEL Eo h/Eo c'/c Qclear Q %age
RBL diff.
cfs ft ft ft ft cfs/ft ft./sec ft ft ft ft ft cfs/ft cfs

445020 598 3 601 19 164.822 8.67485 1.169 9.87 12.87 602.169 14.0385 0.70307 0.85 169.897 458721 2.98677

RETROGRESSED STATE

445020 594 6 600 18 164.822 9.15679 1.302 5.87 11.87 601.302 13.172 0.44564 0.95 172.577 465958 4.49359

ACCRETED STATE

445020 603 1 604 22 164.822 7.49192 0.872 14.87 15.87 604.872 16.7416 0.88821 0.7 182.211 491971 9.54345

Q qclear USEL DSEL hL E2 DSFL

State
cfs cfs/ft ft ft ft ft ft
N.State 445020 169.8966 602.169 599.169 3.000 17 582.169
Ret.State 445020 172.5771 601.302 595.302 6.000 19.3 576.002
Acc.State 445020 182.2115 604.872 603.872 1.000 18 585.872

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