Drilling mud

Drilling fluid or drill mud is many people call it. It is high important of the rotary drilling
process. The term of drilling fluid include air, gas, water and mud. Mud refer to liquid contain solid in
water or oil. The mud is made up with clay and another additive that given desirable property. Often
water in the base of drilling mud, water made up from liquid part or phase is a water base mud.
Crew member put clay in a special additive into a water to make a mud with property needed to do
its job well. For example clay gives a thickness or viscosity. The water in the mud may be fresh water,
sea water or concentrated lime or salt water. The one use depends on availability and water that
give the mud. They needed property to drill the hole efficiently. At time down hole drilling condition
requires to the crew add oil to the mud or in some cases, crew member use oil instead of water to
base of the mud. This is called oil base mud. Oil base mud has many advantages. It can stabilize
formation drilling and reduce down-hole drilling problem however it is harder for crew work because
it create a slipping condition and environment precaution must be uses for environment stand point.
Mud with oil is more difficult to handle because the oil are cleaned to the drill cutting. The oil of mud
be clean of the cutting before they response starve. Sometime drilling fluid is dry air or natural gas.
Here dry air coming out the rig Blooey line carrying very find drill cutting. Air drilling uses the large
air compressor instead of mud pump. Drilling with air or gas can prevent formation damage and
overcomes severe loss circulation problems and it allows the bit to drill very fast. Down hole
condition have to be just right for air or gas to be useable. For example the bit cannot drill through
formation containing a large amount of water. The water mixes with the cutting in the oil or gas and
clog of the hole. It is small amount of water are presented of formation being drill. Special
equipment can inject the foaming agent to the air steam. The foam helps separate the cutting and
remove water from the hole in some cases the rig operator may use aerated mud with light foam
drilling help prevent clogging in the well bore. Aerated drilling use both mud and air pump into a
stand pipe with the same time