SPOKEN ENGLISH జి సైదేశ్వర రావు PDF

GSRAO GK GROUPS
Ramu’s Institute Of
Spoken English
Book - 1
Writing - English
Very - Basic - Level
For Spelling - Mistaking Students
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
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Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
Printed & Published by :
RISE
Ramu’s Institute Of Spoken English ,
Opp : Govt.General Hospital,
Beside : Apollo Pharmacy ( Medical Stores ),
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239
E-mail: ramuy9845@gmail.com
Website : ramuspokenenglish.com
Copy rights are reserved by the Publishers
This is Ramu’s Institute of Spoken English (RISE) classroom study material.

No part of this book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced in any form
(photocopy, photographs, scanning etc.)
The author and Publishers experience and hard work used all sincere efforts with social
commitment and the courtesy of many references in preparing this book to reach the
students and common people ...
For Franchisee inquiries, you may contact at the given address and telephone numbers.
Any unauthorized reproduction of this material will be immediately dealt with legally.
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Rise Spoken English 1 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Rise - Ramu’s Institute Of Spoken English - DVDs & Books - Available - Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Á|æj·TyÓTÆq ` $<Ûë´s¡Tú˝≤sê
Ç+^¢wt ˝À sêj·T&Üìπø sê<äT..... nì nqT≈£îH˚ yê] ø√düy˚T ....

á... |ü⁄düÔø±ìï #ê˝≤ düT\uÛÑ‘·s¡+>± .... ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚dæ MT≈£î n+~düTÔHêïeTT
Á|ürs√E düeTj·T+ <=]øÏ q|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ... ø£˙dü+ ˇø£ >∑+≥

á |ü⁄düÔø£eTT˝À ‘Ó*j·T CÒdæq $<Ûä+>±
sêdü÷Ô ... |ü\T≈£î‘·÷ .... ÁbÕø°ºdt #˚ôdÔ .... n‹ ø=~› ø±\+ ˝ÀHÓ
Ç+^¢wt˝À me¬s’Hê düπs...#·ø£ÿ>± ôdŒ*+>¥ $TdtfÒliøs˘‡ h˝Ò≈£î+&Ü
ng
sêj·T>∑\T>∑T‘ês¡
k e nT E
2 3 .... 9
S o
p 0495
m u ‘Ó\Tdü3Tø√+&ç
9
Ra ll : 9
CeT&É+ düT\uÛÑ+>± H˚s¡TÃø√yê\+fÒ ....
Ç+^¢wt ˝À sêj·
eTq≈£î ø£˙dü+ á 3 $wüj·÷\T ‘Ó*dæ ñ+&Ü*...
1. ‘Ó\T>∑T nø£åsê\T ( n ` qT+&ç ` i es¡≈£î )

2. ‘Ó\T>∑T >∑TDÏ+‘ê\T ( ø£ , ø±, øÏ , ø° , \T )
3. Ç+^¢wt ( A - qT+&ç ` Z es¡≈£î 26 nø£åsê\T )
á 3 $wüj·÷\T ‘Ó*dæ ñ+fÒ #ê\T ... Ç+^¢wt ˝À sêj·T>∑\s¡T
Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

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‘Ó\T>∑T ` nø£åsê\T
n#·TÃ\T .... 16
n Ä Ç á ñ } ãTT ãT÷
m @ ◊ ˇ z W n+ n:
li sh
Vü≤\T¢\T ....en36 Eng
k 952 3 9
p o
S 904
m u
ø£ K >∑3|ò üT v
Ra l : 9
e l
C#· #Û· » s¡a x
≥ sƒ¡ &É &ÛÉ D
‘· <∏ä <ä <Ûä q
|ü |òü ã uÛÑ eT
j·T s¡ \ e X¯
wü dü Vü≤ fi¯ ø£å i
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‘Ó\T>∑T >∑TDÏ+‘·eTT\T
ø£ ` ø£ ø± øÏ ø° ≈£î ≈£L ø£è ø£è≤ ¬ø πø ¬ø’ ø= ø√ øö ø£+ ø£ :
K ` K U≤ œ F KT K÷ Kè Kè≤ U… UÒ U…’ U§ UÀ UÖ K+ K :
>∑ ` >∑ >± – ^ >∑T >∑÷ >∑è >∑è≤ ¬> π> ¬>’ >= >√ >ö >∑+ >∑ :
|òüT ` |òTü |ò÷ü |òTæ |òT” |òTü T |òTü ÷ |òTü è |òTü è≤ |ô Tò |ù Tò |ô Tò Æ |òTü § |òTü À |òTü Ú |òTü + |òTü :
#· ` #· #ê ∫ N #·T #·÷ #·è #·è≤ #Ó #˚ #Ó’ #= #√ #Í #·+ #· :

#Û· ` #Û· #Ûê ∫Û NÛ #Û·T #Û·÷ #Û·è #Û·è≤ #ÛÓ #Û˚ #ÛÓ’ #Û= #Û√ #ÛÍ #Û·+ #Û· :
» ` » C≤ õ J E p »è »è≤ C… CÒ C…’ C§ CÀ CÖ »+ » :
s¡a ` s¡a s¡a≤ ]a Øa s¡aT s¡a÷ s¡aè s¡aè≤ s¬ a sπ a s¬ aÆ s¬ aT s¬ a≤ s¡aÚ s¡a+ s¡a :
≥ ` ≥ {≤ {Ï {° ≥T ≥÷ ≥è ≥è≤ f… fÒ f…Æ {§ {À {Ö ≥+ ≥:
sƒ¡ ` sƒ¡ sƒê ] ƒ Ø ƒ sƒ¡T sƒ¡÷ sƒ¡è sƒ¡è≤ ¬sƒ πsƒ ¬sƒ’ sƒ= sƒ√ sƒö sƒ¡+ sƒ¡:
&É ` &É &Ü &ç &û &ÉT &É÷ &Éè &Éè≤ &Ó &˚ &Ó’ &= &√ &Í &É+ &É :
&ÛÉ ` &ÛÉ &ÛÜ &Ûû &Ûû &ÛÉT &ÛÉ÷ &ÛÉè &ÛÉè≤ &ÛÓ &Û˚ &ÛÓ’ &Û= &Û√ &ÛÍ &ÛÉ+ &ÛÉ :
D ` D D≤ DÏ D° DT D÷ Dè Dè≤ D… DÒ D…Æ D= D√ DÖiD+
l s hD :
‘· ` ‘· ‘ê ‹ r ‘·T ‘·÷ ‘·è ‘·è≤ ‘Ó ‘˚ ‘Ó’ ‘= n‘√g‘Í ‘·+ ‘· :
<∏äƒ¡ ` <∏ä <∏ë ~ ∏ B∏ <∏äT <∏ä÷ <∏äè <∏äè≤ <∏Ó <∏˚n<∏Ó’ E <∏= <∏√ <∏Í <∏9 ä+ <∏ä :
<äÉ ` <ä <ë ~ B <äT <ä÷ <äè <äoè≤ k <Ó e<˚ <Ó’ <= <√52 <Í3<ä+ <ä :
<ÛäÛÉ ` <Ûä <Ûë ~Û BÛ <ÛäT <Ûä÷S<Ûp äè <Ûäè≤ <ÛÓ <˚ <ÛÓ’ 4 <Û=9<Û√ <ÛÍ <Ûä+ <Ûä :
q ` q Hê ì ˙m qTuq÷ qè qè≤3HÓ9H˚0 HÓ’ H= H√ HÍ q+ q :
|ü ` |ü bÕR |æ a |” |ü⁄ |üP |üè |ü:è≤9ô| ù| ô|’ bı b˛ bÂ |ü+ |ü :
|òü ` |òü bòÕ |òæ |ò” |òü⁄ |òeüPl|òlüè |òüè≤ ô|ò ù|ò ô|ò’ bòı bò˛ bòÂ |òü+ |òü :
ã ` ã u≤ _ ; ãT Cã÷ ãè ãè≤ u… uÒ u…’ u§ uÀ uÖ ã+ ãò :
uÛÑ ` uÛÑ uÛ≤ _Û ;Û uÛÑT uÛÑ÷ uÛÑè uÛÑè≤ uÛ… uÛÒ uÛ…’ uÛ§ uÛÀ uÛÖ uÛÑ+ uÛÑ :
eT ` eT e÷ $T MT eTT eT÷ eTè eTè≤ yÓT y˚T yÓTÆ yÓTT yÓ÷ eTÚ eT+ eT :
j·T ` j·T j·÷ sTT sT÷ j·Tè j·Tè≤ jÓT j˚T jÓÆT jÓTT jÓ÷ j·TÚ j·T+ j·T :
s¡ ` s¡ sê ] Ø s¡T s¡÷ s¡è s¡è≤ ¬s πs ¬s’ s= s√ sö s¡+ s¡:
\ ` \ ˝≤ * © \T \÷ \è \è≤ ˝… ˝Ò ˝…’ ˝§ ˝À ˝Ö \+ \ :
e ` e yê $ M e⁄ eP eè eè≤ yÓ y˚ yÓ’ y= y√ yÍ e+ e :
X¯ ` X¯ XÊ • o X¯ó X¯S X¯è X¯è≤ XË X‚ XË’ X§ XÀ XÖ X¯+ X¯ :
wü ` wü cÕ wæ w” wüß wüO wüè wüè≤ ôw ùw ôw ’ cı c˛ cÂ wü+ w¯ :
dü ` dü kÕ dæ d” düT dü÷ düè düè≤ ôd ùd ôd’ kı k˛ kÂ dü+ dü:
Vü≤ ` Vü≤ Vü‰ Væ≤ V”≤ VüQ VüA Vü≤è Vü≤è≤ ôV≤ ùV≤ ôV’≤ ôVQ ôVA Vü≤Ö Vü≤+ Vü≤:
fi¯ ` fi¯ fi≤ [ ∞ fi¯ó fi¯S fi¯è fi¯è≤ fiË fi‚ fiË ’ fi§ fiÀ fiÖ fi¯+ fi¯:
ø£å ` ø£å øå± øÏå ø°å ≈£åî ≈£åL ø£åè ø£åè≤ ¬øå πøå ¬øå Ì øå= øå√ øåö ø£å+ ø£å :
i ` i i≤ iÏ i° iT iT iè iè≤ i… iÒ i…Æ i= iÀ iÖ i+ i :
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English - Alphabet - Ç+^¢wt ` nø£ås¡e÷\ ( 26 Letters ) ( 26 nø£åsê\T )
Print Print Script Script
‘Ó\T>∑T˝À Capital Small Capital Small
Letters Letters Letters Letters
|ü\ø£+&ç Á|æ+{Ÿ ø±´|æ≥˝Ÿ Á|æ+{Ÿ kÕà˝Ÿ Ádæÿ|tº ø±´|æ≥˝Ÿ Ádæÿ|tº kÕà˝Ÿ
˝…≥sY‡ ˝…≥sY‡ ˝…≥sY‡
˝…≥sY‡
1 m A a A a
2 _ B b B b
3 dæ C c C c
4 &ç D d D d
5 Ç E e E e
6 m|òt F f F f
õ g G g
7
Vô ≤#Y
G
li sh H h
8
◊
H
I Eng h
i I i
9
C… J en
k 952 3 9j J j
10
11 ø¬ K p o
S 904 k K k
m˝Ÿ m u 3 l L l
12
myéT Ra L
l : 9 m
13
14 mHé
M
Ce
N
l m
n
M
N n
15 z O o O o
16 |æ P p P p
17 ≈£î´ Q q Q q
18 ÄsY R r R r
19 mdt S s S s
20 {Ï T t T t
21 j·TT U u U u
22 $ V v V v
23 &ÉãT¢´ W w W w
24 mø˘‡ X x X x
25 yÓ’ Y y Y y
26 C…&é Z z Z z
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n‹ eTTKýÓTÆq $wüj·T+
Ç+^¢wt ˝À sêj·T&É+ H˚s¡TÃø√yê\+fÒ
ªª 3 |ü<ä›‘·T\qT µµ
H˚s¡TÃø=+fÒ #ê\T ...
1. nø£ås¡ ... nø£åsê\qT .... Ç+^¢wt ˝À m˝≤ sêj·÷* ?
2. düTHêï\T ( ª 0 µ \T ) e∫Ãq|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Ç+^¢wt ˝À m˝≤ sêj·÷*?

l i sh
E n g
3. ˇ‘·TÔ\T e∫Ãq|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Ç+^¢wt ˝Àkem˝≤ sêj·÷2* 3? 9
n
S p o 4 9 5
m u 3 90
R a l : 9
l
Ceme¬s’‘˚ H˚s¡TÃ≈£î+{≤s√ n≥Te+{Ï yês¡T
á 3 |ü<ä›‘·T\qT
me«¬s’Hê düπs .... Ç+^¢wt ˝À
#·ø£ÿ>± ôdŒ*+>¥ $TdtfÒø˘‡ ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü
sêj·T>∑\T>∑T‘ês¡T ....
ø±ã{Ïº ....
Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT M{Ïì
|üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îH˚ Á|üj·T‘·ïeTT #˚<ë∆+....
Best of Luck

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1. nø£ås¡ nø£åsê\qT Ç+^¢wt ˝À ... sêùd |ü<ä›‹...
1 2
ø£ - K
>∑ - G
#· - Ch
» - J n - A
≥ - T Ä - A AA
&É - D Ç g-liIsh E
D - N
En - EE
á
‘· - Th en
k 9ñ52- U 3 9
<ä - Dh Spo 4
q - mN u 39 0 } - OO
|ü a
R- P ll : 9
ã - BCe
m - E
@ -
A
eT - M E
j·T - Y ◊ - Y I
s¡ - R
\
ˇ - O
- L
e - V, W z - O
X¯ - Sh W - Ow
wü - Sh
dü - S
Vü≤ - H
fi¯ - L

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‘·\ø£≥Tº Bs¡ÈeTT >∑T&ç
£
nÀ
±
ÄÀ Ç `Ï I
ø£ - Ka ø± - Ka øÏ - Ki
>∑ - Ga >± - Ga – - Gi
#· - Cha #ê - Cha ∫ - Chi
» - Ja C≤ - Ja õ - Ji
≥ - Ta {≤ - Ta {Ï - Ti
&É - Da &Ü - Da &ç - Di
D - Na D≤ - Na liDÏsh -
‘ê - Tha Eng ‹ -
Ni
‘· - Tha Thi
<ä -
n
<ë -keDha 2 3
~
9
q -
Dha
S o
Hêp - Na049
5 ì -
- Dhi
|ü -
Na
Pa am
u bÕ 9-39Pa |æ -
Ni
R l :
lu≤ - Ba
Pi
ã - Ba
e
C e÷ - Ma _ - Bi
eT - Ma $T - Mi
j·T - Ya j·÷ - Ya sTT - Yi
s¡ - Ra sê - Ra ] - Ri
\ - La ˝≤ - La * - Li
e - Va, Wa yê - Va, Wa $ - Vi, Wi
X¯ - Sha XÊ - Sha • - Shi
wü - Sha cÕ - Sha wæ - Shi
dü - Sa kÕ - Sa dæ - Si
Vü≤ - Ha Vü‰ - Ha Væ≤ - Hi
fi¯ - La fi≤ - La [ - Li

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>∑T&ç Bs¡ÈeTT ø=eTTà ø=eTTà Bs¡ÈeTT
á ` °ee
î
ñù
L
} ` oo
ø° - Kee ≈£î - Ku ≈£L - Koo
^ - Gee >∑T - Gu >∑÷ - Goo
N - Chee #·T - Chu #·÷ - Choo
J - Jee E - Ju p - Joo
{° - Tee ≥T - Tu ≥÷ - Too
&û - Dee &ÉT - Du &É÷ - Doo
D° - Nee DT - Nu
i s
D÷ h - Noo
r - Thee ‘·T - Thu ngl ‘·÷ - Thoo
n
<äT - eDhu
E <ä÷9 -
B - Dhee
ok 23 Dhoo
˙ - Nee qTp - Nu 495 q÷ -

S Noo
|” - m u |ü⁄ -39 0
Pu |üP -
Ra llãT: 9- Bu
Pee Poo
; - Bee ã÷ - Boo
MT - Mee Ce eTT - Mu eT÷ - Moo
sT÷ - Yee j·TT - Yu j·T÷ - Yoo
Ø - Ree s¡T - Ru s¡÷ - Roo
© - Lee \T - Lu \÷ - Loo
M - Vee,Wee e⁄ - Vu,Wu eP - Voo,Woo
o - Shee X¯ó - Shu X¯S - Shoo
w” - Shee wüß - Shu wüO - Shoo
d” - See düT - Su dü÷ - Soo
V”≤ - Hee VüQ - Hu VüA - Hoo
∞ - Lee fi¯ó - Lu fi¯S - Loo

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m‘·«eTT m‘·«eTT Bs¡ÈeTT ◊‘·«eTT
¬m ` e @π ` e ¬◊ ` ’y
ø¬ - Ke øπ - Ke ø¬ ’ - Ky
¬> - Ge π> - Ge ¬>’ - Gy
#Ó - Che #˚ - Che #Ó’ - Chy
C… - Je CÒ - Je C…’ - Jy
f… - Te fÒ - Te f…Æ - Ty
&Ó - De &˚ - De &Ó’ - Dy
D… - DÒ - Ne i D…sÆ h-
‘Ó
Ne
‘˚
l
- The ng ‘Ó’ -
Ny
- The
n
-keDhe
E 9
Thy
<Ó - Dhe <˚

o 2 3 <Ó ’ - Dhy
HÓ - S H˚ p - Ne 495 HÓ’ -
Ne
mu | ù 39 0 |ô ’ -
Ny
|ô - Pe
R a l 9-
uÒ : - Be
Pe Py
u… - Be
el
C y˚T - Me
u…’ - By
yÓT - Me yÓTÆ - My
jÓT - Ye j˚T - Ye yÓ’ - Yy
¬s - Re πs - Re ¬s’ - Ry
˝… - Le ˝Ò - Le ˝…’ - Ly
yÓ - Ve,We y˚ - Ve,We yÓ’ - Vy,Wy
XË - She X‚ - She XË’ - Shy
wô - She wù - She wô ’ - Shy
dô - Se dù - Se dô ’ - Sy
Vô ≤ - He Vù ≤ - He Vô ≤’ - Hy
fiË - Le fi‚ - Le fiË’ - Ly

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ˇ‘·«eTT z‘·«eTT W‘·«eTT
=
ˇò √
zò ö
W ` ow
ø= - Ko ø√ - Ko øö - Kow
>= - Go >√ - Go >ö - Gow
#= - Cho #√ - Cho #Í - Chow
C§ - Jo CÀ - Jo CÖ - Jow
{§ - To {À - To {Ö - Tow
&= - Do &√ - Do &Í - Dow
D= - D√ - No DÖsh -
‘= -
No
li
‘√ - Tho ng ‘Í -
Now
Tho
n
<√ - eDho
E <Í9 - Thow
<= - Dho
ok 2 3 Dhow
H= - No
SH√p - No 495 HÍ - Now
bı - mu b˛ -39 0
Po bÂ -
Po
R a l 9
uÀ: - Bo
Pow
u§ - Bo
l
Ce yÓ÷ - Mo
uÖ - Bow
yÓTT - Mo eTÚ - Mow
jÓTT - Yo jÓ÷ - Yo j·TÚ - Yow
s= - Ro s√ - Ro sö - Row
˝§ - Lo ˝À - Lo ˝Ö - Low
y= - Vo,Wo y√ - Vo,Wo yÍ - Vow,Wow
X§ - Sho XÀ - Sho XÖ - Show
cı - Sho c˛ - Sho cÂ - Show
kı - So k˛ - So kÂ - Sow
Vü≤= - Ho ¨ - Ho Vü≤Ö - How
fi§ - Lo fiÀ - Lo fiÖ - Low

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á ÁøÏ+~ ‘Ó\T>∑T nø£åsê\qT kı+‘·+>± Ç+^¢wt˝À sêj·T+&ç...
eTT - Mu CÖ - Jow U…’ - Khy
≈£î - Ku kÕ - Sa |òTü § - Gho
$T - Mi u… - Be #ÛÍ - Chow
j·T - Ya düT - Su ¬saÆ - Jhy
X¯ó - Shu C…’ - Jy sƒ√ - To
H= - No &ÛÍ - Dhow
dæ - Si
y˚ - Ve <Û˚ - Dhe
ø¬ - Ke
ø¬ ’ - Ky
{Ï <Ûë - Dha
- Ti
sö - Row |òü - Pha
e⁄ - Vu XÖ - Show
Ø - Ree >ö
gow -li sh uÛÖ - Bhow
qT - Nu J
Jee
E ng
-
UÖ
|ô Tò
-
-
Khow
XË - She e n
#ê
k Joo 952
cha - 3 9 #Û√
Ghe
dæ - Si
Spo p
4 - πsa
- Cho
e⁄ mu 39 0
yÓ’
Vy -
- Jhe
- Vu
LaR
a l : 9 Lo ˝§ -
Øƒ - Tee
\
ø°
-
Kee C el ˝…
Le -
&Ûû
<Û√
-
-
Dee
Dho
- yÓTÆ
My -
y˚ - Ve j·TT |ù ò - Phe
- Yu
CÒ - Je eTÚ ;Û - Bhee
- Mow
M Vee kÂ F - Khee
- - Sow
yÓ’ Vy f…Æ - Ty
|òü÷ - Gha
- #ÛÓ’ Chy
yÓ÷ - Mo -
© - Lee
HÍ - Now s¡a÷ - Jhoo
y˚ - Ve
sƒö Tow
fiÀ - Lo -
CÒ - Je
&ÛÓ’ - Dy
r - Thee
d” - See
XÀ Sho <∏√ - Tho
-
ø¬ ’ - Ky
dù Se <ÛÓ’ - Dhy
-
yÓT - Me {À - To bòÂ - Phow
˝§ - Lo øö - Kow uÛÀ - Bho

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MTπs kı+‘·+>± ... ˇø£ H√{Ÿ ãTø˘ ˝À ...á ù|s¡¢qT Ç+^¢wt ˝À sêj·T+&ç....
2 nø£så ê\ |ù s¡T¢ ... Ç+^¢wt ˝À 3 nø£åsê\ ù|s¡T¢ ... Ç+^¢wt ˝À 4 nø£åsê\ ù|s¡T¢ ... Ç+^¢wt ˝À
sêeTT - Ramu C≤qøÏ - Janaki |ü]eTfi¯ - Parimala
•e - Shiva ≈£îe÷sY - Kumar düTVü‰dæì - Suhasini
-
\e≈£îX¯ - Lavakusha
>√|æ - düTBÛsY Sudheer
Gopi ny˚T]ø£ - America

u≤wü - Basha ø£qø£ - Kanaka •eeTDÏ - Shivamani
\e - Lava |üeHé - Pavan X¯•ø£fi¯ - Shashikala
|ü⁄˙‘Y - ©˝≤e‹ - Leelavathi
≈£îX¯ - Kusha Puneeth
Ms¡Hê] - Veeranari
sêDÏ - Rani øÏs¡DY - Kiran ø£fi≤e‹ - Kalavathi
d”‘· - Seeta #·s¡DY - Charan y˚<äe‹ - Vedhavathi
^‘· - Geeta sêCÒwt - Rajesh ;Ûe÷sêyé - Bheema Rao
sêe÷s¡yé - Rama Rao
X¯• - Shashi \*‘· - Lalitha
kÕsTTu≤u≤ - Sai Baba
–] - Giri ∫s¡T‘·
l
-
i sh Chiruta kÕsTTHê<∏é -
>∑D|ü‹ -
Sainath
eTTDÏ
∫s¡T
-
-
Muni e÷<Ûä$
Mπswt
Veeresh En g -
-
Madhavi
|üsy¡ T˚ XŸ -
Ganapathi
Paramesh
u≤\T -
Chiru
Malike
k n
e÷*ø˘ 2-3 9 •e<˚e -
»j·TdüT<Ûä -
Shivadeva
eTVæ≤ -
Balu
Sp o ø√eT\
Komala
4 95 - <˚e<ëdüT -
Jayasudha
Devadasu
y˚DT -
Mahi
mu 3 9
ø£$‘·
Kavitha 0 - s¡DBÛsY - Ranadheer
\‘· -
Venu
Latha
9
Ra ll : Susheela
düTo\ -
eT>∑BÛs¡ -
Vü≤]u≤ãT -
Magadheera
Haribabu
B|ü - Deepa
C e Sunitha
düTì‘· - –]u≤ãT -
»>∑|ü‹ -
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<˚e<ëdüT - Devadasu qs¡dæ+Vü≤ - Narasimha
<˚ej·÷ì - Devayani q÷sYuÛ≤cÕ - Noorbasha
<˚esêE - Devaraju ì‘ê´q+<é - Nityanandh
~yêø£sY - Divakar H˚‘êJ - Netaji
<˚$ø£ - Devika HÓÁVüQ - Nehru
<Ûäs¡à - Dharma q+~es¡∆Hé - Nandivardan
<Ûäs¡DÏ - Dharani q≥sêCŸ - Nataraj
BÛπs+Á<ä - Dheerendra ˙*eT - Neelima

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ì‘·´ÁøÏwüí - Nitya Krishna uÛ≤düÿsY - Bhaskar
ìs¡j ¤“ TY - Nirbhay uÛÑs¡<Ûë«CŸ - Bharadvaj
|Á øü ±XŸ - Prakash uÛyÑ êì - Bhavani
|ü{≤º_Û - Pattabhi uÛ≤eq - Bhavana

|üPs¡í#·+Á<ä - Purnachandra uÛTÑ eH˚X«¯ sY - Bhuvaneshwar
|ü]eTfi¯ - Parimala uÛÑ÷|ü‹sêC≤ - Bhupathiraja
|ü⁄DéT÷]Ô - Punyamurthy ãÁ Vü≤à - Brahma
|Á j æ T· - Priya uÁ Vü≤à]Ù - Brahmarshi
|Á j æ T· <ä]Ùì - Priyadarshini uÛ>Ñ y∑ êHé - Bhagavan
|ü⁄wüŒø˘ - Pushpak ÁuÛÑVü‰àq+<ä+ - Brahmanandam
|Á Dü yé - Pranav
li sh uÛÑs¡D° X¯+ø£sY - Bharani shankar
|üs¡y˚TX¯«s¡ - Parameshwara
Eng uÛ≤s¡Ze sêyéT - Bhargavaram
|ü<äàuÛÑ÷wüHé - Padmabhushan
en
k 952 3 9 u≤;® - Babji
|ü<äàÁo
Á|üø±XŸsêCŸ
-
-
Padmasree
p o
S 904
uÛ≤cÕ
ãè+<ä
-
-
Basha
u
Prakashraj
m 3
Brunda
Áù|eTkÕ>∑sY - a
Premasagar
R l : 9 ;Ûe÷sêyé - Bheemarao
|üsêÁø£eTsêyé
|Á j æ T· <ä]Ùì
-
- Cel
Parakrama Rao
Priyadarshini
uÛÑyê˙ Á|ükÕ<é
u…qØ®
-
-
Bhavani Prasad
Benarjee
|üP]íeT - Purnima u≤ã÷ yÓ÷Vü≤Hé - Babumohan
|ü]|üPs¡í - Paripurna ãTõ® - Bujji
Á|üdü÷q\øÏåà - Prasuna Lakshmi eTùV≤wt - Mahesh
|ü<äà» - Padmaja eT<ÛTä - Madhu
|ü<àä HêuÛ+Ñ - Padmanabham eTùV≤+Á<äÛ - Mahendra
|ü+ø£C≤øÏå - Pankajakshi eTVü‰sêCŸ - Maharaj
Á|æj·÷+ø£ - Priyanka eTDÏø£+sƒ¡ - Manikanta
u≤|ü⁄ - Bapu eTVü‰‘êà - Mahatma
u≤qTeT‹ - Banumathi eTDÏs¡‘·ï+ - Maniratnam
u≤\ÁøwÏ íü - Balakrishna e÷<ÛäeHé - Madhavan
u≤qT#·+<äsY - Banuchandar e÷s¡T‹ - Maruthi
ã<äØHê<Ûé - Badareenath e÷<Ûäyé - Madhav

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MTHê - Meena j·TTeøÏc˛sY - yuvakishore
y˚T|òTü Hê<∏é - Meghanath j·TXÀ<ä - Yashoda
eTTs¡∞<ÛäsY - Muralidhar j·÷<äyé - Yadav
eT+>∑fi¯ - Mangala j·T•«ì - Yashwini

eT˝Ò¢X¯«] - Malleshwari j·TTeùdq - Yuvasena
eTTπøXÔ «¯ s¡ - Muktheshwar j·TX¯d«æ - Yashaswi
eTH√Vü≤sY - Manohar j·TXÀ<ÛäsY - Yashodar
e÷<Ûä$ - Madhavi j·TeT - Yama
e÷DÏø£´+ - Manikyam jÓ÷>∑s¡‘·ï - Yogarathna
eT*¢ - Malli j·TTeÁo - Yuvasree
eTH√s¡+»Hé - Manoranjan
li sh sêeTT - Ramu
$T\Hé
eTkÕÔHé
- Milan
Eng s¡e[
sπ DTø£
- Ravali
$TÁ‘·
- Mastan
en
k 952 3 9 sêDÏ
- Renuka
eTTs¡∞øÁ wÏ íü
-
-
Mitra
p o
S 904 πse‹
-
-
Rani
Revathi
j·÷$Tì m u
Murali Krishna
3 s¡e÷Á|üuÛÑ
- a
Yamini
R l : 9 πsK
- Rama Prabha
j·TeTTq
j·TTesêDÏ
-
- Cel
Yamuna
Yuvarani s¡‘·ï≈£îe÷]
-
-
Rekha
Rathna kumari
j·TTesêE - Yuvaraju es¡\øÏåà - Vara lakshmi
jÓ÷–ì - Yogini sêC≤sê+ - Rajaram
j·TX¯«+‘Y - Yashwanth sê+ÁuÛÑVü≤à+ - Ram brahmam
jÓ÷– - Yogi sê~Ûø± ÁøÏwüí - Radhika Krishna
j·TTe^‘· - Yuvageeta sêeT\øÏàå - Rama Lakshmi
j·TTesêCŸ - Yuvaraj sê»Áo - Rajasree
jÓ÷π>X¯«s - Yogeshwam s¡+ã - Ramba
jÓ÷>∑\‘· - Yogalatha s¡TÁ<ä - Rudra
jÓ÷>∑e*¢ - Yogavalli s¡÷|ü - Roopa
jÓ÷>∑\øÏåà - Yogalakshmi s¡T∫‘· - Ruchita
jÓ÷–y˚eTq - Yogivemana s¡÷ù|wt - Rupesh
jÓ÷π>X¯«Ásêyé - Yogeshwarrao s¡TÁ<ëq+<é - Rudranandh

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s¡»˙ø±+‘Y - Rajanikanth XÀuÛqÑ - Shobhana
s¡y˚Twt u≤ãT - Rameshbabu
XÊ+‘·≈£îe÷sY - Shantakumar
sêeTkÕ«$T -
Ramaswamy
X‚X¯ós¡‘·ï+ - Sheshurathnam
s√wtq - Roshna
sê»´\øÏåà - Rajyalakshmi X¯•es¡›Hé - Shashivardan
˝ÀVæ≤‘Y≈£îe÷sY - Lohithkumar Áo<˚$ - Sreedevi

\ø°àå qs¡d+æ Vü≤ - Lakshminarasimha
wüDTàK - Shanmukha
©˝≤ kÕ>∑sY - Leelasagar
wüø˝° Ÿ - Shakeel
\‘êeT+π>X¯ÿsY - Latamangeshkar
‘·+πøX¯«sY - Tankeshwar wü]àfi¯ - Sharmila
\ø£åàDsêyé - Lakshmana Rao

li sh cÕøÏsY uÛ≤wü - Shakir Basha
©˝≤ ÁøÏwüí - Leela Krishna
Eng düsd¡ «ü ‹ - Saraswathi
\ø°åà Á|üdüqï -
en
Lakshmi Prasanna
k 952 3 9 dü+|üPs¡í - Sampurna
˝ÒbÕøÏå - Lepakshi
p o
S 904 dü+‘√wæ -
©˝≤ kÕ>∑sY -
u
Leela Sagar
m 3
Santoshi
e\¢uÛÑ - a
Vallabha
R l : 9 kÕ+ã - Samba
Mπswt
$<Ûë´kÕ>∑sY
-
Cel
Veeresh
düTeT‹ - Sumathi
- Vidyasagar
Mπs+Á<äôdVü‰«>¥ dü÷s¡´<˚yé - Suryadev
- Veerendrasehwag
$wüßíX¯s¡à - Vishnu Sharma d”‘ê|ü‹ - Seetapathi
$cÕ˝Ÿ - Vishal dü‘ê´q+<é - Satyanand
$Hêj·Tø˘ - Vinayak
dü‘·´Hêsêj·TD - Satyanarayana
$<Ûëé‹ - Vidyavathi
$y˚ø±q+<ä kÕsTTHê<∏é - Sainath
- Vivekananda
MD - Veena Vü≤s¡Ùes¡∆Hé - Harshavardhan
$s¡TbÕøÏå - Virupakshi ùV≤eT+‘Yj·÷<äyé - Hemanth yadav
$»jYTÁøÏwüí - Vijaykrishna
Vü≤]DÏ ≈£îe÷] - Harini kumari
$Áø£e÷~Û‘·´ - Vikramaditya
yÓHïÓ \ - Vennala
Væ≤eT_+<äT - Himabindu
Mπs+Á<ÛäHê<∏é - Veerendranath Vü≤]Hê<∏é¬s&ç¶ - Harinath Reddy

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Spoken English
Book - 2
ªª eØZø£è‘· X¯u≤›e* µµ
“ Classified Vocabulary ’’
Very Important Words & Telugu Meanings
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
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Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
RISE
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239

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Rise Spoken English Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Á|æj·TyÓTÆq ` $<Ûë´s¡Tú˝≤sê
Rise - Ramu’s Institute of Spoken English - DVDs & Books - Available - Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
ãTø˘ ` 1 ˝À ... eTq+
‘Ó\T>∑T nø£åsê\qT Ç+^¢wt˝À sêj·T&É+...
nø£åsê\qT CÀ&çdü÷Ô ø=ìï ù|s¡¢qT Ç+^¢wt ˝À sêj·T&É+

#·÷XÊs¡T ... ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îHêïs¡T ....
ø±˙ ... MTs¡T ... Ç+ø±düÔ eTT+<ä&ÉT y˚j·÷\ì
Ç+^¢wt uÛ≤wüqT ≈£L&Ü düT\uÛÑ‘·s¡+>± H˚s¡TÃø√e&ÜìøÏ
mH√ï Ç+^¢wt |ü<ë\qT ... yê{Ïì |ü\T≈£gî $<Û li s
ëhHê\qT
E n
nìï+{Ïø£+fÒ eTTK´+>± e n
k 952 yê{Ï nsêú \3 9
qT
p o
SMTs¡T #·9÷0&Ée4#·TÃ .... BìH˚
Ç|üŒ{Ï qT+&ç
u
a m 9 3
Rø£è‘· X¯u≤›lel*:` Classified Vocabulary ’’
ªª eØZ
Ce nì n+{≤s¡T...
Ç+^¢wt uÛ≤wüqT e÷{≤¢&É{≤ìøÏ ñ|üjÓ÷>∑|ü&˚
á |ü<ë\qT MTs¡T #·÷dæq $<Ûä+>±
ˇø£ H√{Ÿ ãTø˘ ˝À sêdü÷Ô ... |ü\T≈£î‘·÷ ... ÁbÕø°ºdt #˚j·T+&ç
á |ü⁄düÔø±ìï |üP]Ô #˚dæq s√Eq
MT˝À e÷s¡TŒqT >∑eTì+#·+&ç ...
Wish You all the Best

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Rise Spoken English Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Contents
ªª eØZø£è‘· X¯u≤›e* µµ
“ Classified Vocabulary ’’
1. Parts of the body ............................ 5 21. Insects .......................................... 33
2. Diseases.......................................... 8 22. Birds ............................................. 34
3. Human Relationships ................... 10 23.Cries of Birds ................................ 35
24. Tree & Parts ................................ 36

4. Wedding............... .......................... 12
25. Trees ............................................
5. Professions & Occupations .......... 13
li sh 37
Eng
6. Group Names ................................. 15
26. Flowers..........................................
27. Fruits.............................................
38
en
7. Names of Weeks & Months........... 16
k 952 3 9 39
p o
S 904
8. Education........................................ 17
28. Vegetables..................................... 40
m u 3
29. General Store - Items.................... 41
Ra l : 9
9. Numerical ...................................... 21 30. Food - Items ................................. 43
Cel
10. Ordinal Numbers ......................... 22 31. Building & Parts ........................... 45
11.Multiples ....................................... 23 32. House hold - Articles .................. 47
12. Fractions ...................................... 24 33. Useful - Tools ............................... 51
13. Colors.......................................... 34. Dresses & Clothes ....................... 52

25
35. Jewelries & Gems......................... 54
14. Nature .......................................... 26
36. Travel & Transport ...................... 56
15. Domestic - Animals ...................... 28
37. Important places ........................... 57
16. Wild - Animals .............................. 29
38. Games & Entertainment .............. 59
17. Water - Animals ............................ 30
39. Musical Instruments .................... 60
18. Reptiles ........................................ 30
40. Directions ..................................... 61
19. Young - Animals .......................... 31 41. Tastes ........................................... 61
20. Cries of Animals .......................... 32 42. Zodiac ........................................... 62

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Parts of the body
( e÷qe X¯Øs¡ u≤>±\T )
Ç+^¢wt ˝À ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À ` |ü\T≈£î ns¡eú TT
Head Vô ≤&é ‘·\

Face |ù dò t eTTKeTT
Nose H√dt eTT≈£îÿ
Ear Çj·TsY #Ó$
Fore-Head bò˛sY`ôV≤&é ‘·\ qT<äTs¡T
Eye brows ◊ ÁuÀdt ø£qT u§eTà\T
ø£fi¯ófl
Eyes ◊dt
li sh
Eye ball
Eng
◊ u≤˝Ÿ
◊ *&é
ø£+{Ï >∑T&ÉT¶
ø£qT ¬s|üŒ
Eyelid
en
k 952 3 9 E≥Tº ( yÓ+Á≥Tø£\T )
Hair
p o
S 904
Vù ≤sY
≥+>¥ Hê\Tø£
Tongue
m u 3
Mouth
Ra l : 9 eTÚ‘Y H√s¡T
Teeth
Cel {°‘Y |üfió¯ fl
Gums >∑yTé ‡ ∫>∑Tfi¯ófl
Lip *|t ô|<ä$
Cheek Nø˘ #Ó+|ü
Arm ÄsYà u≤VüQe⁄
Shoulder cÂ˝Ÿ&ÉsY uÛTÑ »eTT
Hand Vü‰´+&é #˚sTT
Armpit ÄsYà|{æ Ÿ #·+ø£
Elbow m˝ŸuÀ yÓ÷#˚sTT
Nails H˚sTT˝Ÿ‡ >√s¡T
Wrist ]dtº eTDÏø≥£ Tº
Palm bÕyéT ns¡#˚sTT
Fingers |òæ+>∑sY‡ ÁyÓ̊fi¯ófl

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Thumb u§≥q Áy˚\T
‘·+uŸ
Little finger ∫{Ï¬øq Áy˚\T
*{Ï˝Ÿ |òæ+>∑sY
fore finger bò˛sY |òæ+>∑sY #·÷|ü⁄&ÉT Áy˚\T
Middle finger $T&ç˝Ÿ |òæ+>∑sY eT<Ûä´ Áy˚\T

Ring finger ]+>¥ |òæ+>∑sY ñ+>∑s¡|ü⁄ Áy˚\T
Chest #Ódºt #Ûê‹
Trunk Á≥+ø˘ yÓTT+&ÓeTT
Legs ˝…>‡¥ ø±fi¯ófl
Thigh <∏Ó’ ‘=&É
Hip
l
Væ≤|ti sh ‘·T+{Ï
Foot
Eng
|ò⁄ü {Ÿ bÕ<äeTT
Heel en
k 952
V”≤˝Ÿ 3 9 eT&ÉeT
Sole p o
S 904 k˛˝Ÿ n]ø±\T
m u 3
Toes
Ra l : 9 {Àdt ø±*Áy˚fi¯ófl
Knee cap
Cel ˙ ø±´|t yÓ÷ø±* ∫|üŒ
Back bone u≤´ø˘ uÀHé yÓqTïeTTø£
Waist y˚sTTdtº q&ÉTeTT
Bone uÀHé meTTø£
Lungs \+>¥‡ }|æ]‹‘·TÔ\T
Liver *esY ø±˝ÒjT· eTT
Fat bòÕ´{Ÿ ø=e⁄«
Joint C≤sTT+{Ÿ ø°\T
Intestines ÇHéfd… ft HÆ… ‡é ù|>∑Tfi¯ó
Bladder u≤¢&ÉsY eT÷Á‘·ø√X¯eTT
Rib ]uŸ Á|üø£ÿ meTTø£
Skin dæÿHé #·sà¡ eTT

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Brain uÁ sÒ TTHé yÓT<ä&TÉ
Skull düÿ˝Ÿ |ü⁄i…¿
Curls ø£s˝Y ‡Ÿ ñ+>∑sê\ E≥Tº
{ÏjT· sY‡
Tears ø£˙ïfi¯ófl
Ear drum Çj·TsY Á&ÉyéT #Ó$>∑÷ã
Nostrils Hêdt{Á ˝Ï ‡Ÿ eTT≈£îÿ s¡+Á<ë\T
Saliva dü˝y’… ê ñeTTà ˙s¡T
Moustache eTTkÕº#Y MTdüeTT
Beard _j·TsY¶ >∑&É¶eTT E≥Tº
Chin ∫Hé
li sh >∑&É¶eTT
Jaw
E g
C≤
n <äe&É
Neck
en
k 952
HÓø˘
3 9 yÓT&É
Throat
p o
S 904
Á‘√{Ÿ >=+‘·T
Breast
m u 3 uÁ d… ºt s=eTTà
Heart Ra l : 9 Vü‰sYº >∑T+&Ó ø±j·T
Stomach
Cel düeº Tø˘ ø£&TÉ |ü⁄
Belly u…*¢ bı≥º ( u§»® )
Kidneys øÏ&ïû dt eT÷Á‘· |æ+&ÉeTT\T
Navel Hêe˝Ÿ u§&ÉT¶
Uterus j·TTfÒsd¡ t >∑sê“Xj¯ T· eTT
Back u≤´ø˘ M|ü⁄
Calf ø±|òt |æøÿ£
Pus |üdt NeTT
Blood ã¢&é s¡ø£ÔeTT
Flesh |ô w¢ò t e÷+düeTT
Organs Äs¡ZHé‡ nej·Tyê\T
Muscles eTõ˝Ÿ‡ ø£+&És¡eTT\T

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Diseases
( yê´<ÛäT\T ` s√>±\T )
Fever |ò”esY »«s¡eTT

Cold ø√˝Ÿ¶ »\TãT
Cold fever ø√˝Ÿ¶ |ò”esY #·* »«s¡eTT
stomach ache düºeTø˘ @ø˘ ø£&ÉT|ü⁄ H=|æŒ
Head ache Vô ≤&˚ø˘ ‘·\ H=|æŒ
Ear ache Çj·Tπsø˘ #Ó$ H=|æŒ
Tooth ache ≥÷‘˚ø˘
li sh |ü+{Ï H=|æŒ
Giddiness
Eng
–&ûH¶ dÓ t ‘·\ ‹s¡>∑&É+
Fits
en
|ò{æ ‡Ÿ
k 952 3 9 eT÷s¡Ã¤ yê´~
Dandruff
p o
S 904
&Ü´+Á&É|òt #·T+Á&ÉT
>∑T&ç¶ ‘·qeTT
Blind
m u u…’¢+&é
3
Deaf
Ra l : 9&Ó|òt #Ó${Ï ‘·qeTT
Dumb
Cel &É+uŸ eT÷>∑ ‘·qeTT
Cataract ø±´≥sêø˘º ø£+{Ï X¯óø£¢eTT
Eyesore ◊k˛sY ø£+&É¢ø£\ø£
Jaundice C≤+&ûdt ø±yÓTs¡T¢
Long sight ˝≤+>¥ ôd’{Ÿ <ä÷s¡<äèwæº
Short sight cÕsYº ôd’{Ÿ <ä>∑Z] #·÷|ü⁄
Hiccough Væ≤ø±ÿ|òt yÓøÏÿfi¯ófl
Yawn j·÷Hé Äe*+‘·
Sneeze d”ïCŸ ‘·TeTTà≥
Mumps eT+|t‡ >∑e<ä_\¢\T
Vomiting y=$T{Ï+>¥ yê+‘·T\T
Tuberculosis ( T.B) ≥÷´ãsY≈£î˝Àdædt ( {°.; ) ø£åj·T yê´~Û
Asthma ÄdtÔe÷ ñã“deü TT

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Constipation ø±+dæ|ùº wüHé eT\ã<äø› e£ TT
Motions yÓ÷wüHé‡ $s√#·Hê\T
Acidity mdæ&{ç Ï ø£&ÉT|ü⁄˝À eT+≥>± ñ+&ÉT
nu≤s¡¸Hé >∑s¡“ÁkÕeeTT »s¡T>∑T
Abortion
Indigestion ÇHé&Ó’»wüHé nJs¡eí TT
Rashes sê´ôwdt bı≈£îÿ\T
Hernia ôV≤]ïj·÷ e];Û»eTT
Diabetes &Éj·÷_{°dt n‹ eT÷Á‘· yê´~Û , eT<ÛäTy˚TVü≤+
Back ache u≤´ø˘ @ø˘ yÓqTï H=|æŒ
Vü≤+#Yù≤´ø˘ >∑÷ì
Hunch-back
li sh
Bowlegs
E g
uÀ˝…>¥‡
n
|ô sê\d”dt
<=&ç¶ ø±fi¯ófl
|üøyå£ ê‘·eTT
Paralysis
en
k 952 3 9
Leprosy
p o
S 904
˝…|Á dü ”
ÁbòÕø£ÃsY
≈£îwüßº yê´~Û
meTTø£\T $s¡T>∑T≥
Fracture
m u 3
Sprain
Ra l : 9 dùÁ ŒsTTHé u…DT≈£î≥
Whitlow
Cel ${Ÿ˝À >√s¡T#·T≥Tº
Illness Ç˝ŸHÓdt nHês√>∑éTT
Swelling ôd«*¢+>¥ yê|ü⁄
Ulcer n\‡sY |ü⁄+&ÉT
Wound eP+&é >±j·TeTT
Boils u≤sTT˝Ÿ‡ ø±*q u§ã“\T
Corns ø±sYïdt |ü⁄*|æ] ø±j·T\T
Itch Ç{ŸÃ <äTs¡T<ä
Small-pox kÕà˝`Ÿ bÕø˘‡ neTà yês¡T
Scabies kÕÿ;dt >∑õ®
Ring-worm ]+>¥ ` yêsYà ‘êeTs¡
Elephantiasis m*ô|ò+{Ïj·÷dædt uÀ<Ûäø±\T
Irritation Ç]fÒwüHé ∫sê≈£î
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Human - Relation Ships
( e÷qe ` dü+ã+<Ûë\T )
Parents ù|¬s+{Ÿ‡ ‘·*¢ <ä+Á&ÉT\T

Mother / Mummy eT<äsY / eTMTà neTà
Father / Daddy bòÕ<äÛäsY / &Ü´&û Hêqï
Wife yÓ|’ tò uÛ≤s¡´
Husband Vü≤CŸu…+&é uÛÑs¡Ô
Children ∫˝Ÿ&Á HÉ é |æ\\¢ T
düHé ≈£îe÷s¡T&ÉT ( ø=&ÉT≈£î )
Son
&Ü≥sY li sh ≈£îe÷¬sÔ ( ≈£L‘·Ts¡T )
Daughter
En g
Áã<äsY ‘·eTTà&ÉT , nqïj·T´
Brother
k en 2
dædsºü Y3 9 #Ó[fl , nø£ÿj·T´
Sister
Spo 4 95
n+≈£î˝Ÿ ∫Hêïqï , e÷ej·T´
Uncle
mu 39 0
Ä+{Ÿ ∫qïeTà , n‘·ÔeTà
Aunt
Grand FatherR
a l:9 Á>±+&é bòÕ<äsY ‘ê‘·j·T´ ( neTà ˝Ò<ë Hêqï ‘·+Á&ç )
Grand Mother C el Á>±+&é eT<äsY Hêj·TqeTà ˝Ò<ë neTàeTà
Grand son Á>±+&é düHé eTqe&ÉT
Grand daughter Á>±+&é &Ü≥sY eTqesê\T
Cousin ø£õHé n‘·Ô , e÷eT , |æq ‘·+Á&ç _&É¶
Niece ˙dt y˚Tq\T¢&ÉT ˝Ò<ë k˛<äs¡T&ç ≈£îe÷s¡T&ÉT
Nephew HÓ|òüP´ y˚Tqø√&É\T ˝Ò<ë k˛<ä] ≈£îe÷¬sÔ
Step-son ôdº|t ` düHé düe‹ ø=&ÉT≈£î
Step-daughter ôdº|t ` &Ü≥sY düe‹ ≈£L‘·Ts¡T
Sister - in - law dædüºsY ` ÇHé ` ˝≤ eTs¡<ä\T ( nqï uÛ≤s¡´ ` e~q )
Brother - in - Law Áã<äsY ` ÇHé ` ˝≤ u≤e ˝Ò<ë u≤e eT]~
Child #Ó˝’ ¶Ÿ _&É¶ ( |æ\¢yê&ÉT , bÕ|ü @<Ó’Hê )
Bride Áu…’&é ô|[fl ≈£L‘·Ts¡T
Bridegroom Áu…’&éÁ>∑÷yéT ô|[fl ø=&ÉT≈£î

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Younger brother j·T+>∑sY Áã<äsY ‘·eTTà&ÉT ( ∫qï )
Younger sister j·T+>∑sY dædüºsY #ÓfiËfl\T ( ∫qï )
Elder brother m\¶sY Áã<äsY nqïj·T´ ( ô|<ä› )
Elder sister m\¶sY dædüºsY nø£ÿj·T´ ( ô|<ä› )
Guardian >±]¶j·THé dü+s¡≈≈å£ î£ &ÉT

Great Grand Father Áπ>{Ÿ Á>±+&é bòÕ<äsY eTT‘êÔ‘·
Great Grand mother Áπ>{Ÿ Á>±+&é eT<äsY eTT‘·Ôe«
Great Grand Son Áπ>{Ÿ Á>±+&é düHé eTTì eTqTeT&ÉT
Great Grand Daughter Áπ>{Ÿ Á>±+&é &Ü≥sY eTTì eTqesê\T
Daughter - in - law &Ü≥sY ` ÇHé ` ˝≤ ø√&É\T ( ø=&ÉT≈£î uÛ≤s¡´ )
Son - in - law
li sh
düHé ` ÇHé ` ˝≤ n\T¢&ÉT ( ≈£L‘·T] uÛÑs¡Ô )
Co - Daughter - in - law
Eng
ø√ ` &Ü≥sY ` ÇHé ` ˝≤
ø√ ` düHé ` ÇHé ` ˝≤
‘√&ç ø√&É\T
‘√&É\T¢&ÉT
Co - Son - in - law
en
k 952
Äs¡Œ¤Hé 3 9 nHê<∏ä ( me«s¡÷ ˝Òì )
Orphan
Hostess p o
S 904
¨ôddº t Ä‹<∏ä´ $T∫Ãq Ád”Ô
m u 3
Host
R a l : 9
¨dtº Ä‹<∏ä´ $T∫Ãq |ü⁄s¡Twüß&ÉT
Guest
Well-wisher Cel ¬>dtº
yÓ˝Ÿ ` $wüsY
n‹~∏
eT+∫ì ø√s¡Tyê&ÉT
Widow $&√ $<Ûäe Ád”Ô ( uÛÑs¡Ô #·ìb˛sTTq Ád”Ô )
Widower $&√j·TsY $<Ûäe |ü⁄s¡Twüß&ÉT (uÛ≤s¡´ #·ìb˛sTTq yê&ÉT)
Siblings ôd’_¢+>¥‡ ‘√ãT≥Tºe⁄\T
Darling &Ü]¢+>¥ Á|æj·TT&ÉT , Á|æj·TTsê\T
Dear &çj·TsY |Á j
æ T· yÓTqÆ
Lover \esY |ùÁ $T≈£î&ÉT
Couple ø£|⁄ü ˝Ÿ »+≥
Heir msTTsY yês¡dTü &ÉT
Heiress msTT¬sdt yês¡düTsê\T
Kin øÏHé ã+<ÛäTe⁄
Kith øÏ‘Y ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT , $Á‘·T\T
Kin & Kith øÏHé øÏ‘Y ã+<ÛäT ` $TÁ‘·T\T
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Wedding
( ô|[¢ )
Marriage e÷´πsCŸ |ô [¢
Marriage Invitation e÷´πsCŸ Çì«fÒwüHé ô|[¢¢øÏ ÄVü‰«qeTT ( ô|[¢¢ |æ\T|ü⁄ )
Bride Áu…’&é ô|[¢¢ ≈£L‘·Ts¡T
Bridegroom Áu…’&éÁ>∑÷yéT ô|[¢¢ ø=&ÉT≈£î
Bridal Match Áu…’&É˝Ÿ e÷´#Y ô|[¢¢ dü+ã+<Ûä+
Bridal Meet Áu…’&É˝Ÿ MT{Ÿ
li sh ô|[¢¢ #·÷|ü⁄\T
Bridal Engagement ng
Áu…’&É˝Ÿ m+π>CŸyÓT+{Ÿ
E
$yêVü≤ ì•Ã‘ês¡úeTT
Marriage Party en
e÷´πsCŸ bÕØº
k 952 3 9 ô|[¢¢ yês¡T
Wedding works p o
S 904
yÓ&ç¶+>¥ esYÿ‡ ô|[¢¢ |üqT\T
m u 3
Wedding Jubilation
Ra l : 9
yÓ&ç¶+>¥ E_˝ÒwüHé ô|[¢¢ dü+<ä&ç
Wedding Venue
Cel yÓ&ç¶+>¥ yÓqT´ $yêVü≤ y˚~ø£
Wedding Pandal yÓ&ç¶+>¥ bÕ+&É˝Ÿ ô|[¢¢ |ü+~]
Wedding Planks yÓ&ç¶+>¥ bÕ¢+ø˘‡ ô|[¢¢ |”≥\T
Bridal Palanquin Áu…’&É˝Ÿ bÕ\HéøÏ«Hé ô|[¢¢ |ü\¢øÏ
Marital Status eT]≥˝Ÿ ùdº≥dt yÓ’yêVæ≤ø£ dæú‹
Incantation ÇHéø±+fÒwüHé ô|[¢¢ eT+Á‘·eTT
Auspicious - Time Äd”Œdæj·Tdt `f…ÆyéT ô|[¢¢ eTTVüAs¡ÔeTT
Sacred - Rice ùdÁ¬ø&é ` ¬s’dt nøÏ+å ‘·\T
Vedic - Hymn y˚~ø˘ ` Væ≤yéT y˚<ä eT+Á‘ê\T
Nuptial - Thread qT|æºj·T˝Ÿ ` Á‘Ó&é ‘ê[
Married couple e÷´Ø&é ø£|ü⁄˝Ÿ ô|[¢¢ <ä+|ü‘·T\T

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Professions & Occupations
( eè‹Ô ` yê´bÕs¡ dü+ã+<Ûë\T )
Headmaster ôV≤&é e÷düºsY Á|ü<ÛëH√bÕ<Ûë´j·TT&ÉT.

Teacher {°#·sY ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT&ÉT.
Doctor &Üø£ºsY yÓ’<äT´&ÉT.
Worker es¡ÿsY |üì#˚jT· Tyê&ÉT.
Compounder ø±+bÂ+&ÉsY ÄdüT|ü‹Á ˝À eT+<äT\T Ç#·TyÃ ê&ÉT.
Lawyer ˝≤j·TsY Hê´j·Tyê~.
Lover \esY Áù|$T+#·Tyê&ÉT.Û
Hater Vù ≤≥sY <˚«•+#·Tyê&ÉT.
Seller ôd\¢sY
li sh neTTàyê&ÉT.
Buyer ãj·T´sY
Eng
ø£deºü TsY
ø=qTyê&ÉT.
ø=qTyê&ÉT.
Customer
en
k 952
]ù|s¡sY 3 9 #Ó&bç ˛sTTq edüTeÔ ⁄\qT]ù|]#˚jT· Tyê&ÉT.
Repairer
Driver p o
S 904Á&Ó’esY yêVü≤qeTT\qT q&ÉT|ü⁄yê&ÉT.
Conductor
m u ø£+&Éø£ºsY
3 ãdüT‡˝À {Ï¬ø≥¢qT Ç#·TÃyê&ÉT.
Swimmer
Ra l : 9dæ«eTàsY á‘·>±&ÉT.
Sweeper
Beggar Cel d”«|üsY
u…>∑ZsY
#Ó‘·ÔqT }&ÉTÃyê&ÉT.
n&ÉT≈£îÿH˚yê&ÉT.
Robber sêãsY <√|æ&ç <=+>∑.
Barber u≤s¡“sY eT+>∑*yê&ÉT.
Drinker Á&ç+ø£sY ‘ê>∑TuÀ‘·T.
Weaver MesY ã≥º\TH˚jT· Tyê&ÉT.
Cooking-master ≈£îøÏ+>¥ e÷düºsY e+≥#˚˚j·T≥+˝À düeTs¡T›&ÉT.
Cleaner ø°¢qsY X¯óuÁ |ÑÛ sü T¡ #·Tyê&ÉT.
Supplier dü|j ¢ü T· sY e&ç¶+#·Tyê&ÉT.
Smoker k˛àøs£ Y bı>∑Á‘ê>∑Tyê&ÉT.
Tailor fÒsTT\sY ã≥º\T ≈£î≥Tºyê&ÉT.
Well-Wisher yÓ˝Ÿ`$wüsY eT+∫ìø√s¡Tyê&ÉT.
Follower bòÕ˝Àj·TsY nqTdü]+#·Tyê&ÉT.
Carpenter ø±¬sŒ+≥sY eÁ&É+– (#Óø£ÿ|üì#˚j·TTyê&ÉT).
Cobbler ø±ã¢sY #Ó|üŒ\T ≈£î≥Tºyê&ÉT.
Announcer nHÍ+düsY Á|ü#ês¡eTT #˚j·TTyê&ÉT.
Speaker d”Œø£sY e÷{≤¢&ÉTyê&ÉT.
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Actor Äø£ºsY q{Ï+#·Tyê&ÉT (q≥T&ÉT).
Director &Ó’¬sø£ºsY <äsÙ¡ ø‘£ «· eTT #˚jT· Tyê&ÉT (<äsÙ¡ ≈î£ &ÉT).
Photographer bò˛{ÀÁ>±|òüsY bò˛{À\T rj·TTyê&ÉT.
Video grapher M&çjÓ÷Á>±|òüsY M&çjÓ÷rj·TTyê&ÉT.
ù|sTT+≥sY s¡+>∑T\T y˚j·TTyê&ÉT.
Painter
Killer øÏ\¢sY #·+|ü⁄yê&ÉT.
Junior pìj·TsY ∫qïyê&ÉT.
Senior d”ìj·TsY ô|<ä›yê&ÉT.
Performer |üsYbòÕs¡àsY Á|ü<ä]Ù+#·Tyê&ÉT.
Player |ù j ¢ T· sY Ä≥>±&ÉT.
Politician bı*{°dj æ T· Hé sê»ø°j·T y˚‘·Ô.
Potter bÕ≥sY
li sh ≈£îeTà](≈£î+&É|üqT\T #˚j·TTyê&ÉT).
Dancer &Ü´q‡sY
En g
bÕsYºqsY
qè‘·´ø£fi≤ø±s¡T&ÉT.
u≤>∑kÕ«$T.
Partner
k en
ø=©>¥ 2 3 9 düVü≤ñ<Û√´–.
Colleague
S p o 4
r|òt 95 <=+>∑.
Thief
Clerk
m u 39 0
¬ø¢sYÿ >∑Te÷düÔ.
Business Man Ra
l : 9 _õHÓdt e÷Hé yê´|üs¡ y˚‘·Ô.
Business woman
Cel _õHÓdt ñyÓTHé yê´bÕs¡düTÔsê\T.
Student dü÷º&Ó+{Ÿ $<ë´]∆.
Mechanic yÓTø±ìø˘ j·T+Á‘·eTT\T u≤>∑T#˚j·TTyê&ÉT.
Electrician m˝…øÁ {Á˘ wÏ Hü é ø£¬s+≥T |üì#˚j·TTyê&ÉT.
Educated mEπøf…&é $<ëé+‘·T&ÉT.
Uneducated nHÓEøπ f…&é $<ää´˝Òìyê&ÉT.
Watchman yê#Ye÷´Hé ø±|ü˝≤<Ûës¡T&ÉT.
Washer man yêwüsYe÷´Hé ã≥º\T ñ‘·T≈£îyê&ÉT.
Poor man |üPsY e÷´Hé ù|<äyê&ÉT.
Rich man ]#Y e÷´Hé <Ûìä ≈£î&ÉT.
Proprietor ÁbıÁô|’≥sY j·T»e÷ì.
Farmer bòÕs¡àsY ¬s’‘·T.
Gold-Smith >√˝Ÿ¶dæà‘Y ã+>±s¡|⁄ü |üì#˚jT· Tyê&ÉT.
Black-Smith u≤¢ød˘ àæ ‘Y ÇqTeTT |üqT\T #˚j·TTyê&ÉT.

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Group - Names
( >∑T+|ü⁄\ ` ù|s¡T¢ )
Ships - Fleet wæ|t‡ ` |ò”¢{Ÿ z&É\ ` düeT÷Vü≤eTT

Cattle - Herd ø±´{Ï˝Ÿ ` ôV≤sY¶ Äe⁄\ ` eT+<ä
Children - Flock ∫Á\¶Hé ` bòÕ¢ø˘ |æ\¢\ ` >∑T+|ü⁄
Soldiers - Army k˛\®sY‡ ` ÄØà ôd’ì≈£î\ ` düeT÷Vü≤eTT
Musicians - Bale eTTJwæj·THé‡ ` uÒ˝Ÿ dü+^‘· >±j·T≈£î\ ` ãè+<ä+
Robbers - Band sêãsY‡ ` u≤´+&é <=+>∑\ ` eTTsƒê
Fruits - Basket Á|òüP{Ÿ‡ ` u≤´ôdÿ{Ÿ |ü+&É¢ ` ãT≥º
Players - Team
i
ù|¢j·TsY‡ ` {°yéT
l sh Ä≥>±fi¯fl ` »≥Tº
Soldiers - Battalion
Eng
k˛\®sY‡ ` u…{≤*j·THé ôd’ìø£ ` bÕ{≤\eTT
Flowers - Bouquet
en
|òü¢esY‡ ` ã¬ø«{Ÿ
k 952 3 9 |üP\ ` >∑T#·Ã
Monks - Brotherhood
p o
e÷+ø˘‡ ` Áã<äsY VüQ&é
S 904
˝…≥sY‡ ` ã+#Y
düHê´düT\ ` eTsƒ¡+
ñ‘·Ôsê\ ` ø£≥º
Letters - Bunch
mu 3
Grapes - Bunch
Keys - Bunch R
a l : 9
Áπ>|t‡ ` ã+#Y Á<ëø£å|ü+&É¢ ` >∑T#·Ã
Sticks - Bundle C el
ø°dt ` ã+#Y
dæºø˘‡ ` ã+&ç˝Ÿ
‘êfi¯+ #Óe⁄\ ` >∑T#·Ã
ø£f…º\ ` yÓ÷|ü⁄
Camels - Caravan ø±ýÓT˝Ÿ‡ ` ø±´s¡yêHé ˇ+f…\ ` _&Ü]
Goods - Cargo >∑÷&é‡ ` ø±s√Z s¡yêD≤ düs¡T≈£î\ ` eT÷≥
Fishes - Catch |òæôwdt ` ø±´#Y #˚|ü\ ` b˛>∑T
People - Crowd |”|ü⁄˝Ÿ ` Áøö&é »Hê\ ` >∑T+|ü⁄
Prisons - Gang Á|æ»Hé‡ ` >±´+>¥ H˚s¡düTÔ\ ` eTTsƒê
Workmen - Gang esYÿyÓTHé ` >±´+>¥ |üìyêfi¯fl ` <äfi¯+
Flowers - Garland |òü¢esY‡ ` >±sY ˝≤+&é |üP\ ` <ä+&É
Islands - Group ◊˝≤+&é‡ ` Á>∑÷|t Be⁄\ ` >∑T+|ü⁄
Mountains - Group eTÚ+fÒHé‡ ` Á>∑÷|t |üs¡«‘· ` ÁX‚DÏ
Stones - Heap k˛ºHé‡ ` V”≤|t sêfi¯fl ` ≈£î|üŒ
Horses - Herd Vü‰¬s‡dt ` ôV≤sY¶ >∑TÁsê\ ` eT+<ä
Books - Library ãTø˘‡ ` ˝…’ÁãØ Á>∑+<∏ë\ ` ÁX‚DÏ
Wood - Stock ñ&é ` kÕºø˘ ø£f…º\ ` yÓ÷|ü⁄
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Names of weeks
( yêsê\ ` ù|s¡T¢ )
Ä~yês¡eTT
1. Sunday dü+&˚
2. Monday eT+&˚ k˛eTyês¡eTT
3. Tuesday ≥÷ĆŸ&˚ eT+>∑fi¯yês¡eTT
4. Wednesday yÓH‡é &˚ ãT<Ûäyês¡eTT
5. Thursday <∏sä ‡Y &˚ >∑Ts¡Tyês¡eTT
6. Friday Áô|ò’&˚ X¯óÁø£yês¡eTT
kÕ≥sY&˚ X¯ìyês¡leisTT h
7. Saturday
E n g
Names of 12 e n Months39
pok 952
u( 12 S HÓ\\ `9ù|0s¡4T¢ )
am C≤qTe]: 93 C≤qTe]
1. January
R l le]
2. February
Ce|òæÁã |òæÁãe]
3. March e÷sYÃ e÷sYÃ
4. April @Á|˝æ Ÿ @Á|˝æ Ÿ
5. May y˚T y˚T
6. June pHé pHé
7. July p˝…’ p˝…’
8. August Ä>∑dtº Ä>∑dtº
9. September ôd|üº+ãsY ôd|üº+ãsY
10. October nø√ºãsY nø√ºãsY
11. November qe+ãsY qe+ãsY
12. December &çôd+ãsY &çôd+ãsY
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Education
( $<ä´ )
Question ø£«X¯ÃHé |Á Xü ï¯
Answer Äq‡sY düe÷<ÛëqeTT
Book ãTø˘ |ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT
Author Ä‘·sY Á>∑+<∏äø£s¡Ô
Autobiography Ä{ÀãjÓ÷Á>∑|ò” d”«j·T #·]Á‘·
Attendance nf…+&ÓH‡é Vü‰»s¡T
Alphabet Ä˝≤Œ¤u…{Ÿ nø£ås¡e÷\
ø±¢dtli sh ‘·s¡>∑‹
Class
Bench
Eng
u…+#Y ≈£Ls¡TÃH˚ ã\¢
Chair en
k 952
#˚sTTsY3 9 ≈£îØÃ
Bell
Spo 4
u…˝Ÿ >∑+≥
Blackboard
mu 39 0
u≤¢ø˘ uÀsY¶ q\¢ ã\¢
Boycott Ra ll : 9 u≤jYTø±{Ÿ ãVæ≤wüÿ]+#·T
Chapter
C e #ê|üºsY Á|üø£s¡D+
Classmate ø±¢dty˚T{Ÿ ‘√{Ï $<ë´]ú
College ø±˝ÒCŸ ø£fi≤XÊ\
Composition ø±+b˛õwüHé yê´düeTT
Comment ø±yÓT+{Ÿ yêÚ≤´qeTT
Commentator ø±yÓT+≥πs≥sY yêÚ≤´‘·
Conclusion ø£+≈£L¢wüHé ∫e] e÷≥
Contents ø±+f…+{Ÿ‡ $wüj·T dü÷∫ø£
Correction ø£¬sø£åHé dües¡D (dü]#˚j·TT )
Conversation ø£HéesYCÒwüHé dü+uÛ≤wüD
Cane πøHé u…‘eÔ· TT
Chalk #êø˘ düTqï+‘√ #˚dæq ã\|üeTT
Slate pencil ùd¢{Ÿ ô|ì‡˝Ÿ ã\|üeTT

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Clock ø±¢ø˘ >∑&çj·÷s¡eTT
Course ø√sY‡ •ø£åD
Dialogue &Ó’˝≤>¥ dü+uÛ≤wüD
Dictation &çøf˘ wÒ Hü é $wüj·T |üØø£å
Essay mùd‡ yê´düeTT

Excursion mø˘‡ø£s¸¡ Hé $H√<äj·÷Á‘·
Exercise mø£‡sYôd’CŸ nuÛ≤´düeTT
Fail |ù sò TT˝Ÿ z&çb˛e⁄
Pass bÕdt ñrÔs¡í‘· bı+<äT
Fable |ù ãò T˝Ÿ ø£≥Tº ø£<∏ä
Fees |ò”CŸ
li sh s¡TdüTeTT
Figure
Eng
|òæ>∑sY n+¬ø
Hand writing
en
k 952 3 9
Vü‰´+&é ¬s’{Ï+>¥ #˚‹Áyê‘·
Head master
p o
S 904
ôV≤&é e÷düºsY
ôV≤&é $TdtÁf…dt
Á|ü<ÛëH√bÕ<Ûë´j·TT&ÉT
Á|ü<ÛëH√bÕ<Ûë´sTTì
Head mistress
m u 3
Holiday
Working day R
a l : 9 Vü‰*&˚ ôd\e⁄ ~qeTT
Cel e]ÿ+>¥ &˚ |üì#˚j·TT s√E

Ç+{Ï |üì
Home work ÿéT esYÿ
Index Ç+&Óø˘‡ $wüj·T dü÷∫ø£
Instructor ÇHéÁdüºø£ºsY uÀ<Ûä≈£î&ÉT
Interval ÇHé≥sYyÓ˝Ÿ $sêeTeTT
Important Ç+bÕ¬sº+{Ÿ eTTKýÓTÆq
Knowledge Hê˝…&®é ‘Ó*$ , $C≤„qeTT
Kindergarten øÏ+&ÉsY>±¬sºHé ∫qï |æ\¢\ eTH√$ø±dü bÕsƒ¡XÊ\
Laboratory ˝≤uÀπs≥Ø Á|üjÓ÷>∑XÊ\
Language ˝≤+π>«CŸ uÛ≤wü
Leave letter ©yé˝…≥sY ôd\e⁄ N{Ï
Lecture ˝…øsÃ£ Y ñ|üHê´düeTT
Lesson ˝…d‡ü Hé bÕsƒ¡eTT
Library ˝…’ÁãØ >Á +∑ <∏ë\j·TeTT
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Literature *≥πs#·sY kÕVæ≤‘·éTT
Late coming ˝Ò{Ÿ ø£$T+>¥ Ä\düéTT>± e#·TÃ
Letters ˝…≥sY‡ nø£åsê\T , ñ‘·Ôsê\T
Line ˝…H’ é |ü+øÏÔ , es¡Tdü
Margin e÷]®Hé |üøÿ£

Master e÷düºsY ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT&ÉT
Meaning MTì+>¥ ns¡eú TT
Mistake $Tùdøº ˘ ‘·|ü⁄Œ
Memory yÓTyÓ÷Ø C≤„|øü X£ ø¯ ÔÏ
Memorization yÓTyÓ÷¬s’CÒwüHé ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·TT≥
eT*º|æ¢πøwüHé >∑TDÏ+‘·eTT
Multiplication
n&çwHü é li sh ≈£L&çø£
Addition
Subtraction Eng
düu{ÁŸ ≤ø£Hå é rdæy‘˚ ·
Division en
k 952
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Member p o
S 904
yÓT+ãsY düuÛÑT´&ÉT
Morals
m u 3
yÓ÷s¡˝Ÿ‡ ˙‘·T\T
Ra l : 9
q÷´dt ù||üsY yêsêÔ |üÁ‹ø£
News paper
Notification
Cel H√{Ï|øπæò wüHé |Á øü ≥£ q
Note book H√{ŸãTø˘ Áyê‘· |ü⁄düÔø£eTT
Noise HêsTTdt >∑˝≤≥ , n\¢]
Notice H√{°dt |Á øü ≥£ q
Novels HêyÓ˝‡Ÿ qe\\T
Story k˛ºØ ø£<∏ä
Old z˝Ÿ¶ bÕ‘·
New ìyé Áø=‘·Ô
Page ù|CŸ |ü⁄≥
Poem bıj·T+ |ü<äéTT
Poetry bıj·T{Á ° |ü<ä´ø±eéTT
Principal |Á ìæ ‡|ü˝Ÿ Á|ü<ÛëH√bÕ<Ûë´j·TT&ÉT
Professor Ábıô|òwüsY Ä#ês¡T´&ÉT

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Prose Áb˛CŸ e#·qeTT , >∑<äéTT
Prize Áô|’CŸ ãVüQeT‹ , ãVüQe÷qeTT
Painting ù|sTT+{Ï+>¥ s¡+>∑T\T y˚j·TT
Drawing Á&ÜsTT+>¥ u§eTàqT ^#·T
Product ÁbÕ&Éø˘º >∑TDø±s¡ \ã∆eTT

Punishment |üìwtyTÓ +{Ÿ <ä+&Éq
Pronunciation bÁ ıqì‡j˚TwüHé ñ#êÃ¤s¡D
Pupil |”|⁄ü ˝Ÿ $<ë´s¡Tú\T
Pay |ô #Ó*¢+#·T
Play ground ù|¢ Á>ö+&é Ä≥ düú\eTT
Question paper
li sh
ø£«X¯ÃHé ù||üsY Á|üXÊï |üÁ‘·eTT
Quotations
Eng
ø=«fÒwüHé‡ nqTø£sD¡ ≤\T
bÕsƒ≈¡ î£ &ÉT
Reader
en
Ø&ÉsY
k 952 3 9
Repeat
p o
S 904
]|”{Ÿ
]$»Hé
‹]– |ü\T≈£î
|ü⁄qs¡T#·Ãs¡D , ‹]– |ü\T≈£î
Revision
m u 3
Reward
Ra l : 9]yêsY¶ ãVüQeT‹
Reading
Remember Cel Ø&ç+>¥
]yÓT+ãsY
#·<äTe⁄
>∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø=qT
Running s¡ìï+>¥ |ü]¬>‘·Ô&É+
Section dô ø£Hå é |Á øü s£ D¡ eTT
Speech d”Œ#Y Á|üdü+>∑+
Subject düuø®… º˘ $wüjT· eTT
Study dü&º û n<Ûë´j·Tq+
Scholar kÕÿ\sY |ü+&ç‘·T&ÉT
Syllabus dæ˝ãÒ dt bÕsƒ¡´ Á|üD≤*ø£
Right ¬s’{Ÿ dü¬s’q
Wrong sê+>¥ ‘·|ü⁄Œ
Strike dÁô øº’ ˘ düyTÓ à
Tuition ≥÷´wüHé e´øÏÔ>∑‘· uÀ<Ûäq
University j·T÷ìe]‡{° $X¯«$<Ûä´\j·TeTT
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Numerical ( Numbers )
( dü+K´\T )
1 = One eHé ˇø£{Ï

2 = Two ≥T s¬ +&ÉT
3 = Three rÁ eT÷&ÉT
4 = Four bò˛sY Hê\T>∑T
5 = Five |ô y’ò é ◊<äT
6 = Six dæø‡˘ Äs¡T
7 = Seven dô yÓHé @&ÉT
8 = Eight @sTT{Ÿ mì$T~
9 = Nine HÓH’ é ‘=$Tà~
10 = Ten f…Hé |ü~
11 = Eleven m˝…yHÓ é |ü<Tä ø=+&ÉT
12 = Twelve f…«˝Ÿ« |üHïÓ +&ÉT
13 = Thirteen
li s
bò˛ØºHéh
<∏Øä Hº é |ü<eä T÷&ÉT
|ü<Tä Hê\T>∑T
14 = Fourteen
15 = Fifteen
16 = Sixteen
Eng
|ò|æ Hº”ò é
dæø‡˘ {°Hé
|ü~Vù ≤qT
|ü<Vä ‰ü s¡T
17 = Seventeen
en
k 952 3 9
dô yÓ+{°Hé
@jYT{°Hé
|ü~Vù ≤&ÉT
|ü<ì›Ó $T~
18 = Eighteen
19 = Nineteen
20 = Twenty p o
S 904
HÓH’ {é H° é
f…«+{°
|ü+‘=$Tà~
Çs¡y’Ó
21 = Twenty one
m u 3 f…«+{° eHé Çs¡yÓ’ ˇø£{Ï
22 = Twenty two
23 = Twenty Three
Ra l : 9 f…«+{° ≥T
f…«+{° Ár
Çs¡yÓ’ ¬s+&ÉT
Çs¡yÓ’ eT÷&ÉT
24 = Twenty Four
25 = Twenty Five
30 = Thirty Cel f…«+{° bò˛sY
f…«+{° ô|ò’yé
<∏äØº
Çs¡yÓ’ Hê\T>∑T
Çs¡yÓ’ ◊<äT
eTTô|Œ’
35 = Thirty Five <∏äØº ô|ò’yé eTTô|’Œ ◊<äT
40 = Forty bòÕØº q\yÓ’
45 = Forty Five bòÕØº ô|ò’yé q\yÓ’ ◊<äT
50 = Fifty |ò|æ º”ò j·÷u…’
60 = Sixty dæø‡° º ns¡y’Ó
70 = Seventy dô yÓ+{° &Óu“’…
80 = Eighty @jYT{° mqu…’
90 = Ninety HÓ˙’ º ‘=+u…’
100 = One Hundred eHé Vü≤+Á&Ó&é e+<ä , q÷s¡T
101 = One hundred and one eHé Vü≤+Á&Ó&é n+&é eHé q÷{≤ ˇø£{Ï
135 = One hundred and thirty five eHé >∑+Á&Ó+&é n+&é <∏äØº ô|ò’yé q÷{≤ eTTô|’Œ ◊<äT
200 = Two hundred ≥÷ Vü≤+Á&Ó&é s¬ +&ÉT e+<ä\T
202 = Two hundred and two ≥÷ Vü≤+Á&Ó&é n+&é ≥T ¬s+&ÉT e+<ä\ ¬s+&ÉT
300 = Three hundred Ár Vü≤+Á&Ó&é eT÷&ÉT e+<ä\T
400 = Four hundred bò˛sY Vü≤+Á&Ó&é Hê\T>∑T e+<ä\T
500 = Five hundred ô|ò’yé Vü≤+Á&Ó&é ◊<äT e+<ä\T
1000 = One Thousand eHé <∏ÍC…+&é ˇø£ y˚sTT
10,000 = Ten Thousand f…Hé <∏ÍC…+&é 10 y˚\T
1,00,000 = One Lakh eHé ˝≤´ø˘ ( 100 y˚\T ).... 1 \ø£å
10,00,000 = One Million eHé $T*j·THé ( 10 \ø£å\T ) .... 1 $T*j·THé
1,00,00,000 = One Crore eHé Áø√sY ( 10 $T*j·TqT¢ , 100 \ø£å\T ) ..... 1 ø√{Ï
10,00,00,000 = One Billion eHé _*j·THé ( 10 ø√≥T¢ , 100 $T*j·TqT¢ ) ..... 1 _*j·THé
100,00,00,000 = One Trillion eHé Á{Ï*j·THé ( 10 _*j·TqT¢ , 100 ø√≥T¢ ) ...... 1 Á{Ï*j·THé
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Ordinal - Numbers
( Áø£eTuÀ<Ûäø£ ` dü+K´\T )
1st = First |òdü ºt ˇø£≥e , yÓTT<ä≥e

2nd = Second dô ø¬ +&é s¬ +&Ée
3rd = Third <∏s·ä ¶Y eT÷&Ée
4rth = Fourth bò˛sYÔ Hê\T>∑e
5th = Fifth |ò|æ Ôtò ◊<äe
6th = Sixth dæø‡˘ Ô Äs¡e
7th = Seventh dô yÓ+‘Y @&Ée
8 th = Eighth msTT‘Y mì$T<äe
9 th = Ninth HÓH’ Ôé ‘=$Tà<äe
10th = Tenth f…HÔé |ü<eä
11th = Eleventh m˝…yHÓ Ôé |ü<Tä ø=+&Ée
12th = Twelth ≥«˝ŸÔ |üHïÓ +&Ée
13 th = Thirteenth
14 th = Fourteenth
li sh
<∏Øä Hº Ôé
bò˛ØºHÔé
|ü<eä T÷&Ée
|ü<Tä Hê\T>∑e
15 th = Fifteenth
16 th = Sixteenth
Eng
|ò|æ Hº”ò Ôé
dæø‡˘ {°HÔé
|ü~Vù ≤qe
|ü<Vä ‰ü s¡e
17 th = Seventeenth
18 th = Eighteenth en
k 952 3 9
dô yÓ+{°HÔé
msTT{°HÔé
|ü~Vù ≤&Ée
|ü<ì›Ó $T<äe
19 th = Nineteenth
20 th = Twentieth p o
S 904
HÓH’ {é H° Ôé
f…«+{°jT· ‘Y
|ü+‘=$Tà<eä
Çs¡ye’Ó
21 st = Twenty first
m u 3
f…«+{° |òüdtº Çs¡yÓ’ ˇø£≥e
22 nd = Twenty Second
23 rd = Twenty Third
Ra l : 9 f…«+{° ôd¬ø+&é
f…«+{° <∏äsY¶
Çs¡yÓ’ ¬s+&Ée
Çs¡yÓ’ eT÷&Ée
24 th = Twenty Fourth
25 th = Twenty Fifth
30 th = Thirtieth Cel f…«+{° bò˛sYÔ
f…«+{° |òæ|òtÔ
<∏äØºj·T‘Y
Çs¡yÓ’ Hê\T>∑e
Çs¡yÓ’ ◊<äe
eTTô|Œ’ e
35 th = Thirty Fifth <∏äØº |òæ|òtÔ eTTô|’Œ ◊<äe
40 th = Fortieth bòÕØºj·T‘Y q\yÓe’
45 th = Forty Fifth bòÕØº||æò Ôtò q\yÓ’ ◊<äe
50 th = Fiftieth |ò|æ j º”ò T· ‘Y j·÷u…e’
60 th = Sixtieth dæø‡˘ {°jT· ‘Y ns¡ye’Ó
70 th = Seventieth dô yÓ+{°jT· ‘Y &Óue“’…
80 th = Eightieth @sTT{°jT· ‘Y mqu…e’
90 th = Ninetieth HÓH’ {é j ° T· ‘Y ‘=+u…e’
100 th = One Hundredth eHé Vü≤+Á&Ó&éÔ e+<äe , q÷s¡e
101 st = One hundred and First eHé Vü≤+Á&Ó&é n+&é |òüdtº q÷{≤ ˇø£≥e
135 th = One hundred and thirty fifth eHé Vü≤+Á&Ó&é n+&é <∏äØº |æ|òtÔ q÷{≤ eTTô|’Œ ◊<äe
200 th = Two hundredth ≥÷ Vü≤+Á&Ó&éÔ s¬ +&ÉT e+<ä\e
202 th = Two hundredth and second ≥÷ Vü≤+Á&Ó&é n+&é ôd¬ø+&é ¬s+&ÉT e+<ä\ ¬s+&Ée
300 th = Three hundredth Ár Vü≤+Á&Ó&éÔ eT÷&ÉT e+<ä\e
400 th = Four hundredth bò˛sY Vü≤+Á&Ó&éÔ Hê\T>∑T e+<ä\e
500 th = Five hundredth ô|ò’yé Vü≤+Á&Ó&éÔ ◊<äT e+<ä\e
1000 th = One Thousandth eHé <∏ÍC…+&éÔ ˇø£ yÓj·Té
10,000 th = Ten Thousandth f…Hé <∏ÍC…+&éÔ |ü~ y˚fie¯
1,00,000 th = One hundred thousandth eHé Vü≤+Á&&Ó é <∏ÍC…+&éÔ ( 100 y˚\T ).... 1 \ø£åe
10,00,000 th = One millionth eHé $T*j·THéÔ ( 10 \ø£å\T ) .... 1 $T*j·Tqe
1,00,00,000th = One Crore eHé Áø√sYÔ ( 10 $T*j·TqT¢ , 100 \ø£å\T ) ..... 1 ø√≥e
10,00,00,000th = One Billionth eHé _*j·THéÔ ( 10 ø√≥T¢ , 100 $T*j·TqT¢ ) ..... 1 _*j·Tq¢e
100,00,00,000th = One Trillionth eHé {Á *Ï j·THéÔ ( 10 _*j·TqT¢ , 100 ø√≥T¢ ) ...... 1 Á{Ï*j·Tq¢e
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Multiples
( >∑TDø£eTT\T )
Zero Js√ düTHêï

Once eHé‡ ˇø£kÕ]
Twice f…«Æ dt ¬s+&ÉTkÕs¡T¢
Double &ÉãT˝Ÿ ¬s+&ç+‘·\T
Thrice ‘Á d’Ó t eT÷&ÉT kÕs¡T¢
Triple {Á |Ï ⁄ü ˝Ÿ
li sh eT÷&ç+‘·\T
Four times
Eng
bò˛sY f…ÆyéT‡ Hê\T>∑TkÕs¡T¢
Four fold en
k 952 3 9
bò˛sY bò˛˝Ÿ¶ Hê\T–+‘·\T
p o
S 904 ô|ò’yéY f…ÆyéT‡ ◊<äTkÕs¡T¢
Five times
m u 3
Five fold
Ra l : 9 ô|ò’yé bò˛˝Ÿ¶ ◊~+‘·\T
Six times
Cel dæø˘‡ f…ÆyéT‡ Äs¡TkÕs¡T¢
Six fold dæø˘‡ bò˛˝Ÿ¶ Ä]+‘·\T
Ten times f…Hé f…ÆyéT‡ |ü~ kÕs¡T¢
Ten fold f…Hé bò˛˝Ÿ¶ |ü~+‘·\T
Dozen &ÉC…Hé ô|HÓï+&ÉT ` 12
Score k˛ÿsY Çs¡yÓ’ ` 20
Hundred times Vü≤+Á&Ó&é f…ÆyéT‡ e+<äkÕs¡T¢ , q÷s¡TkÕs¡T¢
Hundred fold Vü≤+Á&Ó&é bò˛˝Ÿ¶ e+~+‘·\T
Even Number áyÓHé q+ãsY dü] dü+K´
Odd Number Ä&é q+ãsY uÒdæ dü+K´
Prime Number Áô|’yéT q+ãsY Á|ü<Ûëq dü+K´
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Fractions
( _ÛqïeTT\T )
1 / 2 ( half ) Vü‰|òt dü>∑eTT , ns¡∆uÛ≤>∑eTT
1 / 3 ( one third ) eHé <∏äsY¶ eT÷&Ée e+‘·T
1 / 4 ( one fourth ) eHé bò˛sYÔ bÕe⁄ e+‘·T
1 / 5 ( one fifth ) eHé |òæ|òtÔ ◊<äg lTi

e e+‘· s h
En
1 / 6 ( one sixth ) eHé dæø˘‡Ô ok en Äs¡5e2 3
e+‘·T
9
S p 04 9
1 / 8 ( one eighth ) am ueHé @sTT‘Y 93
9 mì$T<äe e+‘·T
R l l :
Ce
1/ 16 ( one sixteenth ) eHé dæø˘‡{°HéÔ |ü<äVü‰s¡e e+‘·T
3/4 ( three fourth ) Ár bò˛sYÔ eTTbÕŒ‹ø£ e+‘·T , eTTbÕŒe⁄
1 1/4 ( one & a quarter ) eHé n+&é m ø±«s¡ºsY ˇø£{Ï+bÕe⁄
1 1/2 ( one & a half ) eHé n+&é m Vü‰|òt ˇø£{Ïqïs¡
1 3/4 (one & three fourth) eHé n+&é Ár bò˛sYÔ ˇø£{Ï eTTbÕŒ‹ø£ , ˇø£{Ï eTTbÕŒe⁄
2/3 ( two thirds ) ≥÷ <∏äsY¶‡ eT÷&ç+≥ ¬s+&ÉTe+‘·T\T

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Colors
( s¡+>∑T\T )
Black u≤¢ø˘ q\T|ü⁄

Blue ã÷¢ ˙\eTT
Brown uÁ ÖHé >√<äTeT es¡íeTT
Coffee Color ø±|ò” ø£\sY ø±|ò” s¡+>∑T
Crimson øÁ yÏ Té düHé s¡ø£Ô es¡íeTT
Dark Colors
li sh
&ÜsYÿ ø£\sY‡ eTT<äTs¡T s¡+>∑T\T
Light Colors ng
˝…’{Ÿ ø£\sY‡
E ˝Ò‘· s¡+>∑T\T
Green en
^Á Hé
k 952 3 9 Ä≈£î |ü#·Ã
p o
S 904 bÕ´¬s{Ÿ Á^Hé ∫\Tø£ |ü#·Ã
Parrot Green
m u 3
Gray
Ra l : 9 Áπ> ã÷&ç<ä s¡+>∑T
Indigo
Cel ÇHé&ç>√ Äø±X¯ es¡íeTT
Orange Ä¬s+CŸ Hê]+» s¡+>∑T
Pale Color ù|˝Ÿ ø£\sY bÕ*b˛sTTq s¡+>∑T\T
Pink |æ+ø˘ >∑T˝≤_
Purple |ü]Œ˝Ÿ }<ës¡+>∑T
Red ¬s&é ms¡T|ü⁄
Rose s√CŸ >∑T˝≤_
Snuff düï|òt qX¯´|ü⁄ s¡+>∑T
Violet ejYT˝…{Ÿ e+ø±j·T s¡+>∑T
Yellow jÓT˝À¢ |üdüT|ü⁄ |ü#·Ã
White yÓ{’ Ÿ ‘Ó\T|ü⁄

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Nature
( Á|üø£è‹ )
Universe j·T÷ìesY‡ $X¯«eTT

Space ùdŒdt n+‘·]ø£åeTT
Sun düHé dü÷s¡T´&ÉT
Earth msYÔ uÛÑ÷$T
Water yê≥sY ˙s¡T
Air @sY li sh >±*
En
ô|ò’sY
g ì|ü⁄Œ
Fire
en
k 952 3 9
Wind
p o
S 904
$+&é M#·T >±*
Sky
m u düÿjYT
3 Äø±X¯eTT
Ra l : 9 kÕºsY‡ qø£‘Áå ê\T
Stars
Cel >Á V∑ ≤ü eTT\T
Planets bÕ¢H{Ó ‡Ÿ
Satellites XÊ{Ï˝{’… ‡Ÿ ñ|ü>Á V∑ ≤ü eTT\T
Moon eT÷Hé #·+Á<äT&ÉT
New Moon Day ìyé eT÷Hé &˚ ne÷yêdü´
Full Moon Day |òü⁄˝Ÿ eT÷Hé &˚ bÂs¡í$T
Eclipse mø˘*|t‡ >Á V∑ ≤ü DeTT
Solar Eclipse k˛˝≤sY møÏ¢|t‡ dü÷s¡´ Á>∑Vü≤DeTT
Lunar Eclipse \÷HêsY møÏ¢|t‡ #·+Á<ä Á>∑Vü≤DeTT
Ice ◊dt eT+#·T
Mist $Tdtº bı>∑ eT+#·T

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Sea d” düeTTÁ<eä TT
Ocean zdæjT· Hé eTVü‰ düeTTÁ<äeTT
River ]esY q~
Lake ˝Òø˘ düsd¡ Tü ‡

Canal ø¬ Hê˝Ÿ ø±\Te
Island ◊˝≤+&é B«|üeTT
Beach ;#Y düeTTÁ<ä|ü⁄ rs¡eTT
Clouds øö¢&é‡ y˚T|òü÷\T
Thunder storms
li sh
‘·+&ÉsY kÕºsYà ñs¡TeTT\T ... yÓTs¡T|ü⁄\T
Season
En
d”»Hég ø±\eTT
en
k 952 3 9
πsjYTì d”»Hé yêq ø±\eTT
Rainy Season
p o
S 904 düeTàsY d”»Hé m+&Ü ø±\eTT
Summer Season
Winter Season am
u 3
R l : 9 $+≥sY d”»Hé #Ó* ø±\eTT
Valley
C el yê´© ˝Àj·T
Hills Væ≤˝Ÿ‡ ø=+&É\T
Mountains eTÚ+fÒH‡é |üs¡«‘ê\T
Volcano yê\ÿH√ n–ï |üs¡«‘·eTT
Forest bòÕ¬sdtº n&É$
Desert &Ó»sYº m&Ü]
Whirl Pool $sY¢ |üP˝Ÿ düT&ç>∑T+&É+
Whirl Wind $sY¢ $+&é düT&ç>±*
Sunami düTHê$T düTHê$T
Floods |òü¢&é‡ es¡<ä\T
Earth quake msYÔ πø«ø˘ uÛÑ÷ø£+|üeTT

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Domestic - Animals
( kÕ≈£î ` »+‘·Te⁄\T )
Dog &Ü>¥ ≈£îø£ÿ

Bitch _{ŸÃ Ä&É ≈£îø£ÿ
Puppy |ü|æŒ ≈£îø£ÿ |æ\¢
Cat ø±´{Ÿ |æ*¢
kitten øÏfH… é |æ*¢ |æ\¢
Cow øö Äe⁄
Ox Äø˘‡
li sh m<äT›
Calf ø±|òt
Eng
Væ≤`ãô|˝ò À
Äe⁄ <ä÷&É
<äTqï
He-Buffalo
en
k 952 3 9
She-Buffalo
p o
S 904
wæ`ãô|ò˝À
Vü‰sY‡
π><Ó
>∑TsÁ e¡ TT
Horse
m u 3
Stalin
Ra l : 9 kÕº*Hé eT>∑ >∑TÁs¡eTT
Mare
Cel y˚TsY
&Ü+ø°
Ä&É >∑TÁs¡eTT
>±&ç<ä
Donkey
Rat sê´{Ÿ m\Tø£
Mouse eTÚdt ∫f…\º T≈£
Bandicoot ã+&û≈£L{Ÿ |ü+~ø=≈£îÿ
Pig |æ>¥ |ü+~
Goat >√{Ÿ y˚Tø£
Ram sêýéT bıfÒ\T
Hen Vô ≤Hé ø√&ç ô|≥º
Cock ø±ø˘ ø√&ç |ü⁄+E
Chicken ∫¬øHé ø√&ç |æ\¢
Lamb ˝≤´+uŸ y˚Tø£ |æ\¢
Monkey eT+ø° ø√‹
Camel øπ yÓT˝Ÿ ˇ+f…
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Wild - Animals
( ø£è≤s¡ ` eTè>±\T )
Lion \j·THé dæ+Vü≤eTT

Lioness \j·THÓdt Ä&É dæ+Vü≤eTT
Tiger f…Æ>∑sY |ü⁄*
Tigress f…>¬ÁÆ dt Ä&É |ü⁄*
Leopard ˝…|süò ¶Y ∫s¡T‘· |ü⁄*
Chimpanzee ∫+bÕ+J ∫+bÕ+õ
Bear uÒsY
li sh m\T>∑Tã+{Ï
Snake dù ïø˘
Eng bÕeTT
Mongoose en
eT+>∑÷dt
k 952 3 9 eTT+^dü
Cobra p o
S 904 ø√Áu≤ Á‘ê#·TbÕeTT
m u 3m*ô|ò+{Ÿ @qT>∑T
Elephant
Ra l : 9 õ+ø£
Deer
Kangaroo Cel &ûsY
ø£+>±s¡÷ ø£+>±s¡÷
Fox bòÕø˘‡ qø£ÿ
Jackal C≤ø£˝Ÿ >∑T+≥qø£ÿ
Giraffe õsê|ò” õsê|ò”
Wolf }˝ŸŒ¤ ‘√&˚\T
Zebra JÁu≤ ø£+#·s¡ >±&ç<ä
Hippopotamus Væ≤b˛Œb˛≥eTdt ˙{Ï >∑TÁs¡eTT
Hound Vü≤Ö+&é y˚≥≈£îø£ÿ
Rhinoceros ¬s’H√dæs¡dt K&ÉZeTè>∑eTT
Porcupine bÕs¡Tÿô|H’ é eTT+&É¢ |ü+~
Yak j·÷ø˘ »&É\ãÁ¬s
Python |ô ‘’ êHé ø=+&É∫\Te
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Water - Animals
( ˙{Ï ` »+‘·Te⁄\T )
Crocodile Áø√ø√&Ó’˝Ÿ eTTdü*
Fish |òwæ t #˚|ü

Shark cÕsYÿ dü«s¡#˚s¡
Whale y˚˝Ÿ ‹$T+>∑\+
Walrus yê˝Ÿsd¡ t ˙{Ï @qT>∑T
Prawn bÁ ÕHé s=j·T´
‘êuÒ\T
Tortoise
li sh
{≤sêºsTTdt
Water snake
Eng
yê≥sYdù ïø˘ ˙{Ï bÕeTT
Frog
en
k 952 3 9
ÁbòÕ>¥ ø£|üŒ
Crab
po
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Snail u
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Star - fish Ra kÕºsY |òæwt qø£åÁ‘· #˚|ü
ell
C Reptiles
( ÁbÕ¬ø&ÉT ` ÁbÕDT\T )
Scorpion kÕÿ]Œj·THé ‘˚\T
Snake dù ïø˘ bÕeTT
Centipede ôd+{Ï|”&é C…Á]
Lizard *»sY¶ ã*¢
Earthworm msYÔyêsYà yêqbÕeTT
Leech ©#Y »\>∑
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Young - Animals
( |æ\¢ ` »+‘·Te⁄\ )
Cub ø£uŸ |ü⁄* |æ\¢ , dæ+Vü≤+ |æ\¢

Calf ø±|òt Äe⁄ <ä÷&É
Chicks ∫ø˘‡ ø√&ç |æ\¢\T
Cygnet dæ>H¥ {Ó Ÿ Vü≤+dü |æ\¢
Duckling &ÉøÏ¢+>¥ u≤‘·T |æ\¢
Eaglet á¬>¢{Ÿ li sh Á>∑<ä› |æ\¢
Foal E
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k 952 3 9
Fawn
p o
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bòÕHé õ+ø£ |æ\¢
Filly
m u |òæ*¢
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Ra l : 9 >∑÷dæ¢+>¥ u≤‘·T |æ\¢
Goosling
Cel ø£+>±s¡T |æ\¢
Joey CÀjYT
Kitten øÏfH… é |æ*¢ |æ\¢
Kid øÏ&é y˚Tø£ |æ\¢
Lamb ˝≤´+uŸ >=Á¬s |æ\¢
Levert ˝…esYº ≈£î+<˚\T |æ\¢
Piglet |æ>˝¥ {… Ÿ |ü+~ |æ\¢
Pony b˛ì >∑TÁs¡eTT |æ\¢
Puppy |ü|æŒ ≈£îø£ÿ |æ\¢
Tadpole {≤´&éb˛˝Ÿ ø£|üŒ |æ\¢ , bÕeTT |æ\¢
Peachicks |”∫ø˘‡ HÓeT* |æ\¢

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Cries of Animals
( »+‘·Te⁄\ ns¡T|ü⁄\T )
Ape gibbers @|t –ã“sY‡ ø√‹ øÏ#· øÏ#· ˝≤&ÉTqT

Ass brays j·÷dt ÁuÒdt >±&ç<ä z+Á&É ô|≥TºqT
Bear growls uÒsY Á>√˝Ÿ‡ m\T>∑Tã+{Ï z+Á&É ô|≥TºqT
Bull bellows ãT˝Ÿ Á>∑+{Ÿ‡ m<äT› n+u≤ nqTqT
Camel Grunts ø±ýÓT˝Ÿ Á>∑+{Ÿ‡ ˇ+f… s¡a+s¡a+]+#·TqT
Cat meows
sh
ø±´{Ÿ $Tj·÷yé‡
li |æ*¢ e÷ýé nqTqT
Cow lows
Eng
øö ˝Àdt Äe⁄ n+u≤ nqTqT
Dog barks en
k 952 3
&Ü>¥ u≤sYÿ‡9 ≈£îø£ÿ uÖ uÖ nì yÓTTs¡T>∑TqT
p o
S 904 &Ü*Œ¤Hé d”Œø˘‡ &Ü*Œ¤Hé e÷{≤¢&ÉTqT
Dolphin speaks
mu 3
R a
Elephant trumpets
l : 9 m*ô|ò+{Ÿ Á≥+ô|{Ÿ‡ @qT>∑T |ò”T+ø£]+#·TqT
Fox yelps
Cel bòÕø˘‡ á˝Ÿ|t‡ qø£ÿ }\ y˚j·TTqT
Goat bleats >√{Ÿ ;¢{Ÿ‡ y˚Tø£ y˚T y˚T nqTqT
Hyena laughs ôV’≤Hê ˝≤|òt‡ dü+|ü+– qe⁄«qT
Horse whinnies Vü‰sY‡ $˙ïdt >∑TÁs¡eTT düøÏ*+#·TqT
Jackal howls C≤¬ø˝Ÿ Vü≤Ö˝Ÿ‡ >∑T+≥ qø£ÿ }\ y˚j·TTqT
Leopard growls ˝…|òüsY¶ Á>ö˝Ÿ‡ ∫s¡T‘·|ü⁄* >±+Á&ç+#·TqT
Lion roars \j·THé s√sY‡ dæ+Vü≤eTT >∑]®+#·TqT
Monkey chatters eT+ø° #ê≥sY‡ ø√‹ Çø£*+#·TqT
Ox bellows Äø˘‡ _˝À¢dt m<äT› s¡+¬øy˚j·TTqT
Pig grunts |æ>¥ Á>∑+{Ÿ‡ |ü+~ yÓTTs¡T>∑TqT
Wolf howls }˝ŸŒ¤ Vü≤Ö˝Ÿ‡ ‘√&˚\T }\ y˚j·TTqT
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Insects
( ÁøÏ$T ø°≥ø±\T )
Butterfly ã≥ºsY ô|ò’¢ d”‘êø√ø£∫\Tø£

House fly Vü≤Ödt ô|ò’¢ á>∑
Honey bee Vü≤˙ ; ‘˚HÓ{°>∑
Mosquito eTdæÿ{À <√eT
j·÷+{Ÿ NeT
Ant
l i s h
Red-ant ¬s&é j·÷+{Ÿ mÁsg
n ¡ NeT
n E 9
Black-ant u≤¢ø˘ j·÷+{Ÿ ke q\¢ NeT2 3
S p o 4 5
9#Ó<ä |ü⁄s¡T>∑T
White-ant
muyÓ’{ Ÿ j·÷+{Ÿ
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Worm Ra yêsYllà : 9 |ü⁄s¡T>∑T
Silk-worm Cedæ˝Ÿÿ yêsYà |ü≥Tº |ü⁄s¡T>∑T
Lizard *»sY¶ ã*¢
Spider ôd’Œ&ÉsY kÕ* |ü⁄s¡T>∑T
Grass Hopper Á>±dt ¨ô|sY $T&ÉT‘·
Dragon fly Á&Ü>∑Hé ô|ò’¢ ‘·÷˙>∑
Bug ã>¥ q*¢
Lice ˝…d’ t |ù qT
Wasp yêdtŒ ø£+~Ø>∑
Cockroach ø±ø˘s√#Y u§~›+ø£

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Birds
( |ü≈£åî\T )
Peacock |”ø±ø˘ eT>∑ HÓeT*

Peahen |”Vô ≤Hé Ä&É HÓeT*
Owl W˝Ÿ >∑T&É¢>∑÷ã
Bat u≤´{Ÿ >∑_“\eTT
Bulbul ãT˝ŸãT˝Ÿ |æøÏ*|æ≥º
Nightingale HÓ’{Ï+π>˝Ÿ ø√øÏ\
Parrot bÕ´¬s{Ÿ
li sh ∫\Tø£
Crow Áø√
Eng ø±øÏ
Eagle en
á>∑˝Ÿ
k 952 3 9 Á>∑<ä›
Pigeon p o
S 904 |”õj·THé bÕe⁄s¡eTT
m u 3
&Éyé eT>∑ bÕe⁄s¡eTT
Dove
Ra l : 9 eT>∑ u≤‘·T
Drake
Duck Cel Á&˚ø˘
&Éø˘ Ä&É u≤‘·T
Duckling &ÉøÏ¢+>¥ u≤‘·T |æ\¢
Vulture e\ÃsY sêã+<äT
Sparrow kÕŒs√ |æ#T· ø£
Swan kÕ«Hé Vü≤+dü
Crane øπÁ Hé ø=+>∑
Hawk Vü‰ø˘ &˚>∑
Ostrich ÄdtÁ{Ï#Y ì|ü⁄Œø√&ç
Snipe dô ï’ |t ñ\¢+– |æ≥º
Myna yÓTqÆ >√]+ø£ |æ≥º
Lark ˝≤sYÿ uÛÑs¡<Ûë«» |üøÏå
Ravan sêeHé e÷\ø±øÏ
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Cries of Birds
( |ü≈£åî\T , |ü≈£åî\ ns¡T|ü⁄\T )
Bee Hums ; Vü≤yéT‡ ‘˚HÓ{°>∑ s¡aT+ø±s¡+ #˚j·TTqT

Bird Chirps ãsY¶ ∫sY|t‡ |ü≈£åî\T øÏ#·øÏ#· eTqTqT
Cock crows ø±ø˘ Áø√dt ø√&ç ø=ø=ÿs=ø√ nqTqT
Crows craw Áø√dt Áø± ø±øÏ ø±yé ø±yé nqTqT
Cuckoo coos ≈£î≈£L ≈£Ldt ø√sTT\ ≈£L≈£L nqTqT
Dove coos &Éyé ≈£Ldt
li s hbÕe⁄s¡eTT >∑TsY >∑TsY eTqTqT
Duck quacks En g
u≤‘·T ø±«ø˘ ø±«ø˘ eTqTqT
&Éø˘ ø±«ø˘‡
en
k 952 3 9
Eagle screams
p o Á>∑<ä› ≈£
á>∑˝Ÿ Ád”ÿyéT‡ Lj·TTqT
S 904 á>∑ s¡aT+ø±s¡+ #˚j·TTqT
Fly buzzes
m u ô|ò’¢ ãC…dt
3
Ra l : 9 ôV≤Hé ø±¬ø˝Ÿ‡
ø√&ç ¬ø¬øÿ eTqTqT
Hen cackles
Lark signs Cel ˝≤sYÿ ôd’Hé‡

uÛÑs¡<Ûë«» |üøÏå bÕ&ÉTqT
Nightingale warbles HÓ’{Ï+π>˝Ÿ yêsYãT˝Ÿ‡ ø√øÏ\ ÁXÊe´+>± bÕ&ÉTqT
Owl screeches W˝Ÿ Ád”ÿ#Ódt >∑T&É¢>∑÷ã πøø£\T y˚j·TTqT
Parrot talks bÕ´¬s{Ÿ {≤ø˘‡ ∫\Tø£ e÷{≤¢&ÉTqT
Pigeon coos |”õj·THé ≈£Ldt bÕe⁄s¡eTT >∑TsY >∑TsY eTqTqT
Ravan croaks sêeHé Áø√ø˘‡ e÷\ø±øÏ ns¡T#·TqT
Sparrow twits kÕŒs√ {Ï«{Ÿ‡ |æ#·TÃø£ øÏ#Y øÏ#Y eTqTqT
Swallow chirps kÕ«˝À ∫sY|t‡ yêq ø√sTT\ øÏ#· øÏ#· eTqTqT
Vulture Screams e\ÃsY Ád”ÿyéT‡ sêã+<äT ns¡T#·TqT
Wasp humps yê´dtŒ Vü≤+|t‡ ø£+~Ø>∑ s¡aT+ø±s¡+ #˚j·TTqT

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Tree - Parts
( #Ó≥Tº` u≤>±\T )
Branch Áu≤+#Y ø=eTà

Root s¡÷{Ÿ y˚sT¡
Leaves ©yé‡ Ä≈£î\T
Stalk kÕºø˘ ø±&É\T
Creepers øÁ |° sü ‡Y l is h
r>∑\T
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E ø±+&ÉeTT9
Trunk Á≥+ø˘
ke n 2 3
dü|Sæ¢+>¥p
o 495n+≥T
Sapling
m u 3 90
Herbs Ra V
ô ≤sY
l ‡
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e l
C wüsY“‡
Shrubs ‘·T|üŒ\T
Prickles |Á øæ ˝Ï ‡Ÿ eTT+&ÉT¢
Bud ã&é yÓTT>∑Z
Bark u≤sYÿ u…s¡&ÉT
Wood ñ&é #Óø£ÿ
Sprouts Ák˛Œ{Ÿ‡ ∫>∑Tfi¯ófl
Fiber ô|ò’ãsY |”#T·
Stump dü+º |t yÓTT<äT›

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Trees
( #Ó≥T¢ )
Almond tree Ä\à+&é Á{° u≤<ë+ #Ó≥Tº

Coconut tree ø√ø√q{Ÿ Á{° ø=ã“] #Ó≥Tº
Bo tree uÀ Á{° sê$ #Ó≥Tº
Banyan tree ãìj·THé Á{° eTÁ] #Ó≥Tº
Tamarind tree {≤eT]+&é Á{° ∫+‘· #Ó≥Tº
Margosa tree
li sh
eTsY>√kÕ Á{° y˚|ü #Ó≥Tº
Babul tree Eng
u≤ãT˝Ÿ Á{° ø£]y˚bÕ≈£î #Ó≥Tº
en
k 952 3 9
Date Palm
p o
S 904
&˚{Ÿ bÕyéT á‘· #Ó≥Tº
Teak tree
m u 3 {°ø˘ Á{° fÒ≈£î #Ó≥Tº
Casuarina R
a l : 9 ø±Eyê]q dü]«&ç #Ó≥Tº
Cel u≤+ã÷ Á{° yÓ<äTs¡T #Ó≥Tº
Bamboo tree
Sugarcane düT>∑sY πøHé #ÓiT≈£î
Palmyra tree bÕ˝…àsê Á{° ‘ê{Ïç #Ó≥Tº
Wild date tree yÓ’˝Ÿ¶ &˚{Ÿ Á{° á‘· #Ó≥Tº
Silk cotton tree dæ˝Ÿÿ ø±≥Hé Á{° ãTs¡T>∑ #Ó≥Tº
Caserrine tree πødü]Hé Á{° dü]$ #Ó≥Tº
Peepal tree |”|ü˝Ÿ Á{° sê$ #Ó≥Tº
Sandal wood tree kÕ+&ç˝Ÿ ñ&é Á{° >∑+<Ûä|ü⁄ #Ó≥Tº
Cedar tree dæ&ÜsY Á{° <˚e<ës¡T #Ó≥Tº
Teak wood {°ø˘ ñ&é fÒ≈£î #Ó≥Tº

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Flowers
( |üP\T )
Rose flower s√CŸ |òü¢esY s√C≤ |ü⁄e⁄«

Jasmine flower C≤dtMTHé |òü¢esY eT˝…¢ |üPe⁄
Chrysanthemum flower Á¬ø’kÕ+‘ÓeTyéT |òü¢esY #êeT+‹ |ü⁄e⁄«
Marigold flower y˚T]>√˝Ÿ¶ |òü¢esY ã+‹ |ü⁄e⁄«
Sun-flower düHé ` |òü¢esY Ábı<äT› ‹s¡T>∑T&ÉT |ü⁄e⁄«
li s h
Saffron flower düÁbòÕHé |òü¢esY
n g≈£î+≈£îeT |ü⁄e⁄«
E dü+|ü+– |ü⁄9e⁄«
Gold flowers >√˝Ÿ¶ |òü¢esY
k e n 2 3
˝À≥dt |òp ü¢esYo 9 5 |ü⁄e⁄«
‘êeTs¡
Lotus flower
u S 9 0 4
am
Water soldier flower yê≥sY
R Ä*j·
k˛\® 9
sY 3
|òü
: sY |òü¢esY
¢esY q+~es¡∆q |ü⁄e⁄«
e ll ÷ +&É >∑H˚ïs¡ |ü⁄e⁄«
Oleander flower
C ø±≥Hé |òü¢esY <ä÷~ |ü⁄e⁄« ( |ü‹Ô |ü⁄e⁄« )
Cotton flower
Hibiscus flower Væ≤_düÿdt |òü¢esY eT+<ës¡ |ü⁄e⁄«

Lily flower ** |òü¢esY ‘Ó\¢ø£\Te |ü⁄e⁄«
Pomegranate flower bıyÓTÁ>∑H˚{Ÿ |òü¢esY <ëìeTà |ü⁄e⁄«
Trumpet flower Á≥+ô|{Ÿ |òü¢esY bÕ≥© |ü⁄wüŒeTT
Caldera flower ø±˝Ÿ&Ós¡ |òü¢esY yÓTT>∑* |ü⁄e⁄«
Night jaas flower HÓ’{Ÿ C≤dt |òü¢esY bÕ]C≤‘· |ü⁄wüŒeTT
Nut flower q{Ÿ |òü¢esY C≤õ |ü⁄e⁄«
Bud ã&é yÓTT>∑Z

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Fruits
( |ü+&ÉT¢ )
Apple Ä|æ˝Ÿ d”eTπs>∑T |ü+&ÉT

Bananas ãHêHêdt ns¡{Ï |ü+&ÉT¢
Mangoes e÷´+>√dt e÷$T&ç |ü+&ÉT¢
Custard Apple ø£düºsY¶ Ä|æ˝Ÿ d”‘ê|òü\+ |ü+&ÉT
Grapes >πÁ |t‡ Á<ëøå± |ü+&ÉT¢
Jack-Fruit C≤ø˘ `Á|òüP{Ÿ |üqdü |ü+&ÉT
Lemon ˝…eTHéli sh ìeTà |ü+&ÉT
Orange Eng
Ä¬s+CŸ Hê]+» |ü+&ÉT
en
k 952 3 9
e÷´+&É]Hé Ä¬s+C…dt ø£eT˝≤ |ü+&ÉT¢
Mandarin oranges
p o
S 904 yÓ÷dü+_ yÓ÷dü+_ |ü+&ÉT
Mosambi
mu 3
Papaya
R a l : 9 |übÕj·T |übÕŒj·T |ü+&ÉT
Pomegranate
C el bıeTÁ>∑H˚{Ÿ <ëìeTà |ü+&ÉT
Wild-Dates yÓ’˝Ÿ¶ ` &˚{Ÿ‡ á‘· |ü+&ÉT¢
Wood-Apples ñ&é ` Ä|æ˝Ÿ‡ yÓ\>∑ |ü+&ÉT¢
Cherries #ÓÁØdt #ÓÁ] |ü+&ÉT¢
Dates &˚{Ÿ‡ ø£s¡÷®s¡ |ü+&ÉT¢
Figs |ò>æ ‡¥ n‹Ô |ü+&ÉT¢ ( n+psY )
Guava-Fruits >∑Tyê `Á|òüP{Ÿ‡ C≤eT |ü+&ÉT¢ ( C≤eT ø±j·T\T )
Sapota-Fruits düb˛{≤ `Á|òüP{Ÿ‡ düb˛{≤ |ü+&ÉT¢
Palm-Fruits bÕyéT `Á|òüP{Ÿ ‘ê{Ï |ü+&ÉT¢
Water Melon yê≥sY yÓT\Hé ø£\+>∑&É |ü+&ÉT
Musk Melon eTdtÿ yÓT\Hé ≈£Ls¡÷“» |ü+&ÉT
Pine Apple ô|’Hé Ä|æ˝Ÿ nqdü |ü+&ÉT

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Vegetables
( ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\T )
Brinjals Á_+C≤˝Ÿ‡ e+ø±j·T\T

Tomatoes ≥yÓ÷{≤dt ≥yÓ÷{≤\T
Lady-fingers ˝Ò&û`|òæ+>∑sY‡ u…+&Éø±j·T\T
Cucumber ≈£î≈£î+ãsY <√düø±j·T
Radish sê´&çwt eTT\¢+–
Lima beans *eT ;Hé‡ ∫≈£îÿ&ÉT ø±j·T\T
Cauliflower ø±© |òü¢esY ø±©|ü¢es¡T
Potatoes bı{≤{Àdt ã+>±fi¯<äT+|ü\T
Onions Äìj·THé‡
li sh ñ*¢bÕj·T\T
Cabbage ø±úÒCŸ
Eng
ø±´¬s{Ÿ‡
ø±úÒJ
ø±´¬s≥T¢
Carrots
Green peas en
k 952
Á^Hé |”dt 3 9 |ü∫Ã ã{≤˙\T
Bitter Gourds p o
S 904_≥ºsY >±sY¶‡ ø±ø£s¡ ø±j·T\T
Chillies
m u ∫©¢dt
3 yÓTs¡|ü ø±j·T\T
Beat root
Ra l : 9;{Ÿ s¡÷{Ÿ mÁs¡>∑&É¶
Gourds
Ginger Cel >±sY¶‡
õ+»sY
kıs¡ø±j·T\T
n\¢+
Angular Gourds Ä+>∑T\sY >±sY¶‡ ;s¡ø±j·T\T
Gherkins ¬>]ÿHé‡ <=+&Éø±j·T\T
Pumpkin |ü+|tøHÏ é >∑TeTà&ç ø±j·T
Harsh Radish Vü‰sY¸ sê´&çwt eTTqø±ÿj·T\T
Goose Berries >∑÷dt u…ÁØdt ñdæ] ø±j·T\T
Snake Gourds ùdïø˘ >±sY¶‡ bı≥¢ø±j·T\T
Mushrooms eTTwts¡÷yéT‡ |ü⁄≥º>=&ÉT>∑T\T
Coriander ø√]j·÷+&ÉsY ø=‹ÔMTs¡
Curry leaf ø£ÁØ ©|òt ø£]y˚bÕ≈£î
Amaranth neTs¡+‘Y ‘√≥≈£Ls¡
Dill Greens &ç˝Ÿ Á^Hé‡ yÓT+‹≈£Ls¡
Mint $T+{Ÿ |ü⁄~q
Roselle s√ôd*¢ >√+>∑÷s¡
Rumex Vesicarius s¡÷yÓTø˘‡ yÓdæπø]j·Tdt #·Tø£ÿ≈£Ls¡
Spinach dæŒHê#Y bÕ\≈£Ls¡
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
General Srore - Items
( øÏsêD≤ ` düs¡T≈£î\T )
Turmeric Powder ≥s¡à]ø˘ bÂ&ÉsY |üdüT|ü⁄ bı&ç

Saffron Powder düÁbòÕHé bÂ&ÉsY ≈£î+≈£îeT bı&ç
Incense sticks ÇHéôdHé‡ dæºø˘‡ n>∑s¡e‘·TÔ\T
match box e÷´#Y u≤ø˘‡ n–Z ô|f…º
Dry Coconut Á&Ó’ ø√ø£q{Ÿ m+&çq ø=ã“]
Bitel-Nuts _{Ï˝Ÿ q{Ÿ‡ #Óøÿ£ \T
kÕ+&ç˝Ÿ >∑+<ÛäeTT
Sandal
li sh Vü‰s¡‹ ø£s¡÷Œs¡eTT
Camphor
Eng
ø±+|òüsY
ÇHédô Hé‡ kÕ+Áu≤DÏ
Incense
en
k 952 3 9
wüß>∑sY ø±´+&û |ü{Ïø£ u…\¢+
Sugar candy
Sugar p o
S 904 wüß>∑sY |ü+#·<Ûës¡ , #Óø£ÿs¡
m u 3C≤¬>Ø u…\¢+
Jaggery
Ra l : 9 s¬ d’ t _j·T´+
Rice
Broken rice Cel ÁuÀø£Hé ¬s’dt q÷ø£\T
Wheat M{Ÿ >√<äTeT\T
Rolong s√˝≤+>¥ >√<äTeT s¡e«
Wheat powder M{Ÿ bÂ&ÉsY >√<äTeT |æ+&ç
Barley u≤Ø¢ u≤Ø¢
Mug beans eT>¥ ;Hé‡ $Tq|ü|ü⁄Œ
Green grams Á^Hé Á>±yéT‡ ô|düs¡ |ü|ü⁄Œ
Bengal grams u…+>±˝Ÿ Á>±yéT‡ X¯q>∑ |ü|ü⁄Œ
Ground nuts Á>ö+&é q{Ÿ‡ y˚s¡TX¯q>∑ |ü|ü⁄Œ
Red-grams ¬s&é`Á>±yéT‡ ø£+~ |ü|ü⁄Œ
Gingili Seeds õ+õ* d”&é‡ qTe⁄«\T
Tamarind {≤eT]+&é ∫+‘·|ü+&ÉT
Salt kÕ˝Ÿº ñ|ü⁄Œ

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Panise bÕHÓd’ t b˛|ü⁄ –+»\T
Mustard eTdüsº ¶Y Äyê\T
Coriander seeds ø√]j·÷+&ÉsY d”&é‡ <Ûäìj·÷\T
Cumin seeds ≈£L´$THé d”&é‡ õ\ø£s¡

Nigella seeds ì¬>˝≤¢ d”&é‡ q\¢ õ\ø£sê
Ajwan nC≤«Hé yêeTT
Nutmeg q{ŸyTÓ >¥ C≤õø±j·T
Fenugreek |ô qò T´Á^ø˘
i s h
yÓT+‘·\T
ø±s¡¶e÷yéT nj·g÷l\≈£îÿ\T
Cardamom
n E 9
Cloves ø√¢yé‡
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Dry Ginger CÁ&eÓ’ õ+»sY X§+]ƒ
Cashew nut ø±´wüO´ q{Ÿ J&ç |ü|ü⁄Œ
Almond Ä\à+&é u≤<ë+ |ü|ü⁄Œ
Dry Chillies Á&Ó’ ∫©¢dt m+&ÉT $TØÃ
Bath Soaps u≤‘Y k˛|t‡ kÕïq|ü⁄ düãT“\T
Detergent soaps &ç≥¬s®+{Ÿ k˛|t‡ ã≥º\ düãT“
Papad bÕ|ü&é n|üŒ&Ü\T
Tea powder {° bÂ&ÉsY {° bı&ç
Coffee powder ø±|ò” bÂ&ÉsY ø±|ò” bı&ç
Tobacco {§u≤ø= bı>±≈£î
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Food - Items
( ÄVü‰s¡ |ü<ësêú\T )
Break-fast ÁuÒø˘ ` bòÕdtº ñ<äj·T+ ‹qT ÄVü‰s¡eTT

Meals MT˝Ÿ‡ uÛÀ»qeTT
Lunch \+#Y eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï uÛÀ»qeTT
Snacks kÕïø˘‡ kÕj·T+Á‘·eTT ‹qT n˝≤Œ Vü‰s¡eTT
Supper dü|üŒsY sêÁ‹ ‹qT uÛÀ»qeTT
Dinner &çqïsY
li sh Á|ü‘˚´ø£ uÛÀ»qeTT ( $+<äT )
Rice ng
s¬ d’ t
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Bread
m u 3
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Ra l : 9 ÁuÀ‘Y |ü⁄\TdüT
Butter
Cel ã≥ºsY yÓqï
Butter-milk ã≥ºsY ` $T˝Ÿÿ eTõ®>∑ ( ˙fi¯fl ô|s¡T>∑T )
Curd ø£sY¶ ô|s¡T>∑T ( >∑{Ïº>± )
Cake øπ ø˘ s=f…º
Chicken ∫¬øHé ø√&ç e÷+düeTT
Cheese NÛCŸ EqTï
Chops #√|t‡ e÷+dü|ü⁄ eTTø£ÿ\T
Cream øÁ y° Té MT>∑&É
Crisps øÁ dÏ Œt dt e&çj·÷\T
Curry ø£ÁØ |ü#·Ã&ç ≈£Ls¡
Cutlet ø£f{¢… Ÿ eTTø£ÿ
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Dessert &çdüsYº uÛÀ»Hêq+‘·s¡+ ‹qT |ü+&ÉT¢
Flesh |ô w¢ò t e÷+düeTT
Fry |ôÁ ’ò y˚|ü⁄&ÉT ≈£Ls¡
Ghee |òT” HÓsTT´

Honey Vü≤˙ ‘˚HÓ
Jam C≤yéT |ü+&É¢ bÕø£eTT
Jelly C…©¢ |ü+&É¢ s¡dü bÕø£eTT
Loaf ˝À|òt ô|<ä› s=f…º eTTø£ÿ
Meat MT{Ÿ e÷+düeTT
Milk $T˝Ÿÿ li sh bÕ\T
Molasses Eng
yÓTT˝≤dædt u…\¢|ü⁄ bÕø£eTT
en
k 952 3 9
Mutton
p o
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Omelet
m u ÄyÓT{¢ Ÿ
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Pickle
Ra l : 9 |æø˝Ï Ÿ }s¡>±j·T
Pork
Cel b˛sYÿ |ü+~ e÷+düeTT
Roast s√dtº y˚|⁄ü &ÉT
Sauce kÕdt |ü#·Ã&ç
Seasoning d”»ì+>¥ ‘ê*+|ü⁄ ô|≥Tº
Soup dü÷|t s¡düeTT , |ü⁄\TdüT
Stew dæyº é >∑T–Zfi¯ófl
Sweets d”«{Ÿ‡ $TsƒêsTT\T
Venison yÓìdüHé õ+ø£ e÷+düeTT
Beef ;|òt >=&ÉT¶ e÷+düeTT
Alcohol Ä\ÿVü‰˝Ÿ kÕsêsTT
Arrack nÁsêø˘ ø£\T¢
Beer ;sY ;s¡T
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Buildings & Parts
( uÛÑeHê\T u≤>±\T)
Hut Vü≤{Ÿ >∑T&çôd

House Vü≤Ödt Ç\T¢
Bungalow ã+>±¢ ã+>∑fi≤
Palace bÕ˝Òdt sê»uÛÑeqeTT
Fort bò˛sYº ø√≥
Garage >±´πsCŸ yêVü≤Hê\qT ñ+#·T ôw&ÉT¶
Theatre ~∏jT˚ ≥sY Á|ü<äs¡Ùq XÊ\
ø±fÒCŸ ≈£î{°se¡ TT
Cottage
f…+|ü⁄˝Ÿli sh >∑T&ç
Temple
Church #·sYÃEng #·]Ã
Mosque en
e÷dt≈£î´
k 952 3 9 eTd”<Tä
Threshold
p o
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Window
m u $+&√
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Ra l : 9&√sY ‘·\T|ü⁄
Ventilators
Ceiling Cel yÓ+{Ï˝Ò≥sY‡
d”*+>¥
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Roof s¡÷|òt Ç+{Ï ô|’ø£|ü⁄Œ
Verandah es¡+&Ü es¡+&Ü
Well yÓ˝Ÿ u≤$
Drawing room Á&ÜsTT+>¥ s¡÷+ n~∏‘·T\T ≈£Ls=ÃH˚ >∑~ ( {°.M >∑~)
Dining hall &Ó’ì+>¥ Vü‰˝Ÿ uÛÀ»q|ü⁄ >∑~
Kitchen room øÏ#ÓHé s¡÷+ e+≥>∑~
Bath room u≤‘Y s¡÷+ kÕïq|ü⁄ >∑~
Latrine room ˝…Á{ÏHé s¡÷+ eTs¡T>∑T <=&ç¶
Store room k˛ºsY s¡÷+ edüTÔe⁄\qT ì\Te ñ+#˚ >∑~
Praying hall Áù|sTT+>¥ Vü‰˝Ÿ <˚e⁄&ç >∑~
Guest house ¬>dtº Vü≤Ödt n~∏‘·T\qT ñ+#˚ Ç\T¢
Upstairs n|tdù sº ‡Y y˚T&É ô|’q
Balcony u≤\ÿ˙ y˚T&É MT~ ekÕsê

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Hearth Vô ≤sYÔ bısTT´
Pantry |ù +Á{° uÛÀ»q kÕe÷Á–ì ñ+#·T >∑~
Cupboard ø£|tuÀsY¶ n\e÷s¡T
Mantel y˚T+f…˝Ÿ >√&É˝À ñ+&˚ ∫qï >∑÷&ÉT

Parlor bÕs¡¢sY dü+uÛ≤wæ+#·Tø=qT >∑~
Portico b˛]ºø√ <ë«s¡ eT+&É|üeTT
Thatched house ‘ê#Y&é Vü≤Ödt |üP]\T¢
Storey k˛ºØ n+‘·dTü Ô
Tile f…˝Æ Ÿ |ô +≈£î
yê˝Ÿ li sh >√&É
Wall
Eng
øπ dtyTÓ +{Ÿ >∑yêø£eå TT
Casement
en
k 952 3 9
Cellar
p o
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∫qï $ÁXÊ+‹ >∑èVü≤eTT
Bower
m u 3
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Chamber
Ra l : 9 #Ûê+ãsY >∑~
Boudoir
Cel uÖ&˚j·TsY Ád”Ô\ @ø±+‘· >∑èVü≤eTT
Chimney ∫MTï bı>∑ >=≥ºeTT
Eaves áyé‡ #·÷s¡T
Floor bò˛¢sY H˚\
Garret >±´¬s{Ÿ y˚T&Éô|’q >∑~
Hall Vü‰˝Ÿ >∑~
Yard j·÷sY¶ ÁbÕ+>∑DeTT
Street dÁ {º” Ÿ M~
Lane ˝ÒHé >=+~
Village $˝ÒCŸ |ü˝…¢≥÷s¡T
Town {ÖHé |ü≥Dº eTT
City dæ{Ï q>∑s¡eTT
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
House - Hold - Articles
( >∑è¨|üø£s¡D ` edüTÔe⁄\T )
Lock ˝≤ø˘ ‘êfi¯eTT

Key ø° ‘êfi¯eTT #Ó$
Iron box ◊s¡Hé u≤ø˘‡ ÇÁd”Ô ô|f…º
Hanger Vü‰´+>∑sY ã≥º\T Áy˚˝≤&É Bj·TT edüTÔe⁄
Mirror $TÁs¡sY n<äe› TT
Comb ≈£L+uŸ <äTyÓ«q
Needle ˙&ç˝Ÿ dü÷~
Thread Á‘Ó&é
li sh <ës¡eTT
≈£î≥Tº $TwüqT
Sewing Machine
Scissors
Eng
d”$+>¥ yÓTwæHé
d”»sY‡ ø£‘ÓÔs¡
Candle en 3
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k 952 9 ø=e⁄« e‹Ô ( yÓTÆq|ü⁄ e‹Ô )
Switch board
p o
S 904 dæ«#Y uÀsY¶ dæ«#·TÃ uÀs¡T¶ ( ø£¬s+≥T uÀs¡T¶ )
Bulb
m u 3 ã˝Ÿ“ ã\T“
Tube light
Ra l : 9 ≥÷úŸ ˝…’{Ÿ ≥÷úŸ ˝…’≥T
Torch Light
Gramophone Cel {≤sYÃ ˝…’{Ÿ
>Á ±yÓTTbò˛Hé
{≤s¡TÃ ˝…’≥T
bÕ‘· ø±\+˝À bÕ≥\T $H˚ Á>±eTbò˛qT
Tape-Recorder fÒ|t`]ø±s¡¶sY fÒ|t ]ø±s¡¶s¡T ( bÕ≥\T $q&ÜìøÏ )
Tape-record Cassette fÒ|t ]ø±sY¶ ø±´ôd{Ÿ bÕ≥\qT ì+|æ ñqï ø±´ôd≥Tº
Radio πs&çjÓ÷ πs&çjÓ÷ ( Äø±X¯yêDÏ )
Television ( T.V. ) f…©$»Hé ( {°.M.) {°.M. ( <äTs¡<ä]Ùì )
DVD Player &û.M.&û ù|¢j·TsY &û.M.&û ù|¢j·Ts¡T
C.D. ( Compact Dist ) dæ.&ç. ( ø±+bÕø˘º &çdtÿ ) d”.&û. ø±´ôd≥Tº ( &çdtÿ )
D.V.D. ( DigitalVideo Disk ) &ç.$.&ç ( &çõ≥˝Ÿ M&çjÓ÷ &çdtÿ) &û.M.&û . ø±´ôd≥Tº ( &çdtÿ )
Home Theatre ôVAyéT ~∏j˚T≥sY Ç+{À¢H˚ dæìe÷ ˝≤ kÂ+&é ø√dü+
Speakers d”Œø£sY‡ $q&ÜìøÏ d”Œø£s¡T¢
Inverter & Battery ÇHées¡ºsY u≤´≥Ø ø£¬s+{Ÿ ˝Ò≈£îqï|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·Tø=qT
Solar Inverter k˛˝≤sY ÇHées¡ºsY dü÷s¡´ Áø±+‹ ‘√ ø£¬s+≥TqT ñ‘·Œ‹Ô
Generator C…qπs≥sY C…qπs≥s¡T ( ø£¬s+{Ÿ ˝Ò≈£îqï|ü⁄&ÉT )
Land phone ˝≤+&é bò˛Hé Ç+{À¢ |ô ≥Tº≈î£ H˚ ej·Ts¡T‘√ ≈£L&çq bò˛qT
Cell Phone ôd˝Ÿ bò˛Hé mø£ÿ&Ó’Hê ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·Tø=H˚ bò˛qT
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Sofa k˛bòÕ yÓT‘·Ô{Ï |üs¡T|ü⁄ e˝… ñ+&˚ ÄdüqeTT
Teepai {°bÕjYT {°bÕjYT ( {° ` fÒãT˝Ÿ )
Fish - Aquarium |òæwt nπø«]j·T+ #˚|ü\ ‘={Ïº ( s¡øs£ ø¡ ±\T #˚|\ü qT ñ+#·&ÜìøÏ)
Wall clock yê˝Ÿ ø±¢ø˘ >√&É >∑&çj·÷s¡eTT

Air - Conditioner @sTTsYY ` ø£+&ûwüqsY #·\¢ì >±*ì Ç#˚Ã @sTTsY ø£+&ûwüqsY
Table - Fan fÒãT˝Ÿ ` bòÕ´Hé fÒãT˝Ÿ ô|’ ( mø£ÿ&Ó’Hê ñ+#·T≈£îH˚ ) |òü+ø±
Wall - Fan yê˝Ÿ ` bòÕ´Hé >√&Éô|’q neTs¡Ãã&çq $<ÛäT´‘Y |òü+ø±
Ceiling - Fan d”*+>¥ ` bòÕ´Hé Ç+{Ï ˝Àø£|⁄ü Œô|’ neTs¡ãÃ &çq $<äT´‘Y |ò+ü ø±
li sh
◊s¡Hé ` #˚sTTsY ÇqT|ü ≈£îØÃ
Iron - Chair
Eng
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en
k 952 3 9
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Book - Shelf
p o
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Carpet
m u 3
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R a l : 9
Cot
Cel ø±{Ÿ eT+#·eTT
Double cot &ÉãT˝Ÿ ø±{Ÿ Ç<ä›]øÏ dü]b˛j˚T eT+#·eTT
Bed u…&é yÓT‘·Ô{Ï |üs¡T|ü⁄
Bed sheets u…&é w”{Ÿ‡ ø£|ü⁄Œø=e&ÜìøÏ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T ø£+ã[
Pillows |æ˝À¢dt ‘·\ ÁøÏ+<ä ô|≥Tº≈£îH˚ ~+&ÉT¢
Dressing Table Á&Ódæ‡+>¥ fÒãT˝Ÿ ¬s&û ø±e&ÜìøÏ ( y˚Tø˘ n|t ) fÒãT˝Ÿ
Iron Almirah ◊s¡Hé n*àsê ÇqT|ü ;s¡Tyê
Wooden Almirah ñ&ÓHé n*àsê #Óø£ÿ ;s¡Tyê
Night lamp HÓ’{Ÿ ˝≤´+|t sêÁ‹ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚ $<ÛäT´‘Y B|üeTT
Door mat &√sY e÷´{Ÿ ø±\T ‘·T&ÉT#·Tø=ì Ç+{Ï ˝À|ü\ sêe&ÜìøÏ
Curtain ø£sπ Hº é øÏ{Ïø° ‘·\T|ü⁄\≈£î y˚ùd bı&ÉT>±{Ï ‘Ós¡

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Water tap yê≥sY {≤´|t ˙fi¯fl ø=˝≤sTT
Towel hanger ≥e˝… Vü‰´+>∑sY ≥e\T , ã≥º\T y˚düTø√e&ÜìøÏ
Brush ãÁ wt |üfi¯ófl ‘√eTTø=H˚ Áãwt
Brush stand Áãwt kÕº+&é Áãwt kÕº+&ÉT

Soap box k˛|t u≤ø˘‡ düãT“ ô|f…º
Bucket ã¬øÿ{Ÿ ã¬øÿ≥Tº
Mug eT>¥ ˙fi¯fl ø√dü+ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚ ∫qï bÕÁ‘·
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yê≥sYS V”≤p≥sY
Water heater
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Gas stove
R l ldæ*+&ÉsY
Gas cylinder
Ce
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Pressure cooker Áô|»sY ≈£îø£ÿsY Áô|»sY ≈£îø£ÿs¡T
Mixer Grinder $Tø£‡sY Á¬>’+&ÉsY $TøÏ‡
Rice cooker ¬s’dt ≈£îø£sY $<ÛäT´‘Y <Ûë«sê nqï+ e+&ÉT |ü<ës¡úeTT
Fridge Á|òæ&é® Á|òæ&ç®
Spicy jars ôd’Œdæ C≤sY‡ düT>∑+<ÛäÁ<äyê´\qT ñ+#·T≈£îH˚ C≤&û\T
Hot flask Vü‰{Ÿ bòÕ¢dtÿ y˚&ç>± ñ+&˚ yê{Ïì n˝≤π> ñ+#˚ d”kÕ
Chopping Board #√|æ+>¥ uÀsY¶ ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\T ‘·sT¡ >∑T≥≈£î ñ|üj÷Ó –+#˚ |ü\ø£
Rolling Stick s√*+>¥ dæºø˘ |æ+&çì yÓ&\É TŒ>± ‹≈£îÿ≥≈£î ñ|üj÷Ó –+#˚ ø£sÁ ¡
Knife HÓ|’ tò ø£‹Ô
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Water tumbler yê≥sY ≥+ã¢sY Á‘ê>∑T≥≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚ ˙fi¯fl ˝À{≤
Water pot yê≥sY bÕ{Ÿ ˙fi¯fl _+<Ó
yê≥sY {≤´+ø˘ ˙fi¯fl {≤´+≈£î
Water tank
Water can yê≥sY ø±´Hé ˙fi¯fl qT ì\Te ñ+#˚ ø±´Hé

Steel plates d”º˝Ÿ ù|¢{Ÿ‡ ñ≈£îÿ ø£+#ê\T
Supplying tray dü|ü¢sTT+>¥ ÁfÒ e&ç¶+#·T≥≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚ ô|<ä› |üfiËfleTT
yê≥sY »>¥ ˙fi¯fl ≈£LC≤
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n E 9
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Rice serving spoon
S p 04≈£L9s¡ $&ç5¶+#·T ¬>]f…
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Curry serving spoon
am
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Slotted spoon
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Potato mesher Ä\T ‘·s¡T>∑T edüTÔe⁄
Fruit crusher Á|òüP{Ÿ Áø£wüsY |ü+&É¢ s¡düeTTqT |æ+&ÉT edüTÔe⁄
Lemon crusher ˝…eTHé Áø£wüsY ìeTàø±j·T s¡düeTTqT |æ+&ÉT edüTÔe⁄
Frying pan Á|òüsTT´+>¥ bÕ´Hé yÓsTT+#˚ ô|qïeTT
Cup & saucer ø£|t kÕdüsY ø£|ü⁄Œ <ëì ÁøÏ+<ä kÕdüs¡T
Bowls uÖ˝Ÿ‡ –HÓï\T , bÕÁ‘·\T
Tea Kettle {° ¬ø{Ï˝Ÿ {° ` ø±#·T≥≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚ edüTÔe⁄
Kitchen stand øÏ#ÓHé kÕº+&é e+{Ï+{ ÏedüTeÔ ⁄\qT ˇπø#√≥ ñ+#˚ edüTÔe⁄

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Useful - Tools
( ñ|üjÓ÷>∑ø£s¡yÓTÆq ` |üìeTT≥T¢ )
Ladder ˝≤´&ÉsY ì#ÓÃq

Hammer Vü‰éTsY düT‹Ô
Nails H˚sTT˝Ÿ‡ y˚T≈£î\T
Saw kÕ i+|üeTT
Chisel ∫C…˝Ÿ ñ*
Shovel cıyÓ˝Ÿ bı&Ée⁄ bıs¡
Jumper »+|üsY li sh »+|üsY
Web stick Eng
yÓuŸ dæºø˘ ã÷E ø£Ás¡
en
k 952
C≤ø˘ 3 9 C≤øÏ
Jack
p o
S 904Áã÷yéT N|ü⁄s¡T
Broom
m u 3
Winnow
Ra l : 9$H√ï #ê≥
Pliers
Cel |ü¢j·T´sY‡ y˚T≈£î\T rùd |ü≥Tºø±s¡T
Tongs {≤+>¥‡ |ü≥Tºø±s¡T
Mallet e÷´˝…{Ÿ #Ó≈£îÿ düT‹Ô
Screw-Driver Ádü÷ÿ ` Á&Ó’esY Ádü÷ÿ ` Á&Ó’esY
Wedge yÓ&é® o\
Axe j·÷>¥® >=&É¶*
Spade ùdŒ&é bıs¡
Sickle dæø˝Ï Ÿ ø=&Ée*
Sword kÕ«sY¶ K&ÉZeTT
Knife HÓ|’ tò ø£‹Ô
Pincers |æq‡sY‡ XÁ ÊeDÏ
Spanner kÕŒqsY kÕŒqs¡T
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Dresses , Clothes , Attires , Costumes
( <äTdüTÔ\T ` ã≥º\T ` eÁkÕÔ\T )
Clothes ø√¢‘Y‡ ≈£î≥ºã&çq≥T e+{Ï ã≥º\T

Cloths ø±¢‘‡Y ≈£î≥º˝Òì ã≥º\T
Shirt wüsYº n+– , #=ø£ÿ
T-Shirt {°`wüsYº {°`wüs¡Tº
Banian ãìj·THé ã˙qT
Under wear n+&ÉsYy˚sY q&ÉTeTT≈£î <Ûä]+#·T ˝À|ü* eÁdüÔeTT
Towel ≥e˝Ÿ li sh ‘·Tyê\T
Sweater En
ôd«≥sY
g ñìï‘√ ‘·j·Ts¡T#˚j·Tã&çq ôd«≥s¡T
en
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Suit
p o
S 904 ø√{Ÿ ø√≥T
Coat
m u 3
Waist Coat
Ra l : 9 y˚sTTdtº ø√{Ÿ ø√≥T ˝À|ü\ <Ûä]+#·T ns¡#=ø±ÿ
Cloak
Cel ø√¢ø˘ #˚‘·T\T ˝Òì ø√≥T
Neck tie HÓø˘ f…Æ >=+‘·T≈£î eTT&çy˚düTø=H˚ bı&ÉT>±{Ï ã≥º
Shawl XÊ˝Ÿ XÊ\Tyê
Cap ø±´|t {À|”
Hat Vü‰´{Ÿ #·T≥÷º |ü{°º‘√ ñ+&˚ {À|”
Bonnet uÀHÓ{Ÿ Ád”Ô\T <Ûä]+#·T {À|”
Belt u…˝ºŸ q&ÉTeTT≈£î _–+#·T ‘√\T |üf…º&É
Collar ø±\sY #=ø±ÿ yÓT&É≈£îqï >∑T&É¶
Button ã≥Hé u§‘ÓÔeTT ( >∑T+&ç )
Gloves >√¢yé‡ #˚‹ y˚TCÀfi¯ófl
Socks kÕø˘‡ ø±fi¯fl y˚TCÒfi¯ófl
Apron nÁbÕHé ã≥º\T eTT]øÏ ø±≈£î+&Ü
eTT+<äs¡ ø£≥Tºø=qT ã≥º
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Muffler eT|òs¢ü Y eT|òs¢ü T¡
Trousers Á{Ö»sY‡ bÕ´+≥T
Nicker ìø£ÿsY ìø£ÿs¡T
Shorts cÕsYº‡ yÓ÷ø±* <ä>∑Z] es¡≈£î ñ+&˚ ìø£ÿs¡T

3 / 4 Pant 3 / 4 bÕ´+{Ÿ 3 / 4 bÕ´+≥T
Rain Coat πssTTHé ø√{Ÿ yêq ø±\eTT˝À <Ûä]+#·T ø√≥T

Surplice düs|ôY d¢’ t Á¬ød’ eÔü eT‘· >∑Ts¡Te⁄\T <Û]ä +#·T ‘Ó\¢ eÁdeÔü TT
Napkin Hê|tøHÏ é ‹qï ‘·sT¡ yê‘· ‘·T&ÉT#·T≈£îH˚ eT+<äyTÓ qÆ ã≥º
Hand Kerchief Vü‰+&é ø£ØÃ¤|t #˚‹ s¡Te÷\T
Jubba paijama
i
Eu≤“ ô|’C≤e÷
l sh Eu≤“ ô|’C≤e÷
Lungi \T+– Eng \T+^
Chemise en
k 952
#ÓyÓTÆCŸ 3 9 Ád”Ô\T ‘=&çπ> #=ø±ÿ
Frock p o
S 904
ÁbòÕø˘ ˇ<äT\T>± ñ+&˚ Ád”Ô\ eÁdüÔeTT
m u 3 bı{Ïº \+>±
Kilt
Ra l : 9
øÏ˝ºŸ
Blouse
Cel uÖ¢CŸ C≤¬ø≥Tº
Half Saree Vü‰|òt XÊØ ô|’≥ \+>±
Panjabi Dress |ü+C≤; Á&Ódt |ü+C≤; Á&ÉdüT‡
Pattu Pawadai |ü≥Tº bÕe&ÜjYT |ü≥Tº bÕe&É
Petty coat ô|{Ïº ø√{Ÿ ˝À|ü* \+>±
Sarees XÊØdt Ns¡\T
Border u≤s¡¶sY n+#·T
Nighty HÓ{’ Ï Ád”Ô\T sêÁ‹ |üP≥ <Ûä]+#·T >öqT
Slippers dæ¢|üŒsY‡ #Ó|ü⁄Œ\T
High heals ôV’≤ V”≤˝Ÿ‡ yÓqTø£ uÛ≤>∑eTTq m‘·TÔ>± ñ+&˚ #Ó|ü⁄Œ\T
Shoes wüOdt ã÷≥T¢
Uniform j·T÷ìbòÕsYà ( düe÷q‘ê«ìï #·÷ù|+<äT≈£î
n+<ä]ø° ˇπø s¡ø£yÓTÆq ã≥º\T )
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Jewelries - Ornaments - Gems
( ÄuÛÑs¡DeTT\T ` q>∑\T ` s¡‘êï\T )
Armlet ÄyéT˝…{Ÿ #˚‹ ø£&çj·TeTT

Bangles u≤´+–˝Ÿ‡ >±E\T
Beads ;&é‡ |üPdü\T
Bracelet uÁ dÒ ˝t {Ò Ÿ ø£+ø£DeTT
Brooch Áã÷#Y sh
ô|’≥ |æqTï
l i
Chain #ÓH’ é En g
>=\TdüT
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Clasp
Sp 04 9ø=øÏ
m uøÏ|¢ t 39 ø=øÏÿ
Clip
a 9
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Ear-Drops
Ce #Ó$ pø±\T
Ear-Rings Çj·TsY`]+>¥‡ #Ó$ ø£eTà\T
Ear-Studs Çj·TsY`düº&é‡ #Ó$ <äT<äT›\T
Garland >±sê¢+&é <ä+&É
Girdle –sY&ç˝Ÿ e&Ü¶DeTT
Hairpin ùV≤sTTsY |æHé ‘·\ |æqTï
Head locket ôV≤&é ˝≤¬ø{Ÿ bÕ|æ&ç _fi¯fl
Jewelry EyÓ\] ÄuÛsÑ D¡ eTT\T
Jewels EyÓ˝‡Ÿ q>∑\T

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Locket ˝≤¬ø{Ÿ |ü‘ø· e£ TT
Medal yÓT&É˝Ÿ |ü‘ø· e£ TT
Necklace HÓøπ d¢ t ø£+sƒêuÛÑs¡DeTT
Nose-Ring H√dt`]+>¥ eTT≈£îÿ `|ü⁄&Éø£

Nose-Screw H√dt`dÁ ÿæ yé eTTø£ÿs¡
Pedants |ô &ÓH‡ºé pø±\T
Ring ]+>¥ ñ+>∑s¡eTT
Tops {≤|t‡
l is h
#Ó$ <äT<äT›\T
Wristlet ]dt˝º {… Ÿ E n g
ø£+ø£DeTT
en
k øÏ9Ø≥eTT 2 3 9
Crown ÁøöHé
p o
S 904eTT‘·éTT 5
|ô us¡˝Ÿ
Pearl
am
R ô|s¡˝lŸ l#Ó’H:é 9 3
eTT‘·´|ü⁄ <ä+&É
C&Óe’eT+&é
Pearl chain
Diamond eÁ»eTT
Topaz {À|üCŸ |ü⁄wü´sê>∑eTT
Sapphire dô |ô s’ò Y Ç+Á<ä˙\eTT
Emerald meTsê˝Ÿ¶ |ü#·Ã
Cat’s eye ø±´{Ÿ‡ ◊ yÓ’&ÛÉ÷s¡éTT
Coral ø√s¡˝Ÿ |ü>∑&ÉeTT
Ruby s¡÷_ ¬ø+|ü⁄ , e÷DÏø£´+ , s¡‘·ï+
Sardonic kÕs√¶ìø˘‡ >√y˚T~Ûø£+
Opal z|ü˝Ÿ ‘Ó\¢sêsTT

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Travel & Transport
( Á|üj·÷DeTT s¡yêD≤ ` kÂø£sê´\T )
Vehicle yÓV≤æ ø£˝Ÿ yêVü≤qeTT

Aeroplane @s√ù|¢Hé $e÷qeTT
Aerodrome @s√Á&ÉyéT $e÷HêÁX¯j·TeTT
Airport @sYb˛sYº $e÷HêÁX¯j·TeTT
Ambulance n+ãT˝…H‡é n+ãT˝…qT‡
Auto Ä{À Ä{À]øå±
Bicycle u…d’ øæ ˝£ Ÿ dô ø’ \Ï T
Boat uÀ{Ÿ |ü&Ée
ãdüT‡
Bus ãdt
li
ãT\¢ø˘ ø±sYºsh m&É¢ã+&ç
Bullock-cart
Buggy ã–Z
Eng >∑TÁs¡|ü⁄ ã+&ç , »{≤ÿ
Cart
en
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k 952 3 9 ã+&ç
Car
Chariot p o
ø±sY
S 904
#ê]j·T{Ÿ
ø±s¡T
s¡<∏äeTT
Coach
m u ø√#Y
3 ¬s’\T uÀ–
Express
Ra l : 9
mø˘‡|ôÁ dt n‹ y˚>∑+>± b˛e⁄ ã+&ç
Fire - Engine
Flyover Cel ô|ò’sY`Ç+»Hé
|òü¢jYTzesY
n–ï e÷|üø£ j·T+Á‘·eTT
|òü¢jYTzesY
Helicopter ôV≤*ø±|üºsY ôV≤*ø±|üºs¡T
Bullock cart ãT\¢ø˘ ø±sYº m&É¢ã+&ç
Jeep J|t J|ü⁄
Launch ˝≤+#Y j·T+Á‘·eTT‘√ q&ÉT|ü⁄ |ü&Ée
Boat uÀ{Ÿ |ü&Ée
Ship wæ|t z&É
Steamer d”eº TsY ô|<ä› z&É
Palanquin bÕ\+øÏ«Hé |ü\ø¢ Ï
Rickshaw ]øå± ]øå±
Scooter dü÷ÿ≥sY dü÷ÿ≥s¡T
Bike u…ø’ ˘ u…≈’ î£
Sports car k˛ŒsYº‡ ø±sY |ü+<Ó|ü⁄ ø±s¡T
Tanker {≤´+ø£sY {≤´+ø£s¡T
Tanga {≤+>± {≤+>±
Truck ≥Á ø˘ ≥Á ø£ÿs¡T
Train fÁ sÒ TTHé ¬s’\T
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Important Places
( eTTKýÓTÆq ` düú˝≤\T )
House / Home Vü≤Ödt / ôVAyéT Ç\T¢

School dü÷ÿ˝Ÿ ã&ç
College ø±˝ÒCŸ ø£fi≤XÊ\
Office Ä|òd” t ø±sê´\j·TeTT
Park bÕsYÿ ñ<ë´qeqeTT
Picture Palace |æø£ÃsY bÕ´˝Òdt dæìe÷ Vü‰\T
Temple
i sh
f…+|ü⁄˝Ÿ
l ( Væ≤+<äTe⁄\ ) >∑T&ç
Church ng
#·sYÃ
E ( ÁøÏdæºj·Tq¢ ) #·]Ã
Mosque
en 3 9
e÷dt≈£î´
k 952 ( eTTdæ¢eTT\ ) eTd”<äT
Library po
S 904 ˝…’ÁãØ >Á +∑ <∏ë\j·TeTT
Zoo u
m : 93 p »+‘·T Á|ü<äs¡flq XÊ\
Exhibition Ra m–®_ÛwüHé m–®_ÛwüqT
ell
Circus
Assembly Hall
C düsÿ¡ dt
nôd+;¢ Vü‰˝Ÿ
düsÿ¡ düT
düe÷y˚X¯ uÛÑeqeTT
Market e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ ãC≤s¡T ( e÷¬sÿ≥Tº )
Bus-Stand ãdt ` kÕº+&é ãdt ` kÕº+&ÉT
Railway-Station ¬s’˝Ò« ` ùdºwüHé ¬s’˝Ò« ` ùdºwüqT
Air-Port @sY ` b˛sYº $e÷HêÁX¯j·TeTT
General Stores »qs¡˝Ÿ k˛ºsY‡ øÏsêD≤ cÕ|ü⁄
Shopping mall cÕ|æ+>¥ e÷˝Ÿ edüTÔe⁄\qT ø=qT>√\T #˚j·TT n+>∑&ç
Ladies - Corner ˝Ò&ûdt `ø±s¡ïsY Ä&Éyê] kÕe÷qT¢ \_Û+#·T düú\eTT
Beauty - Parlor ã÷´{° ` bÕs¡¢sY Ád”Ô\qT n+<ä+>± ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚ùd düú\eTT
Institution ÇHédæº≥÷wüHé ˇø£ ôÁ|’y˚≥T $<ë´ dü+düú
Play ground ù|¢ Á>ö+&é Ä≥ düú\eTT
Internet cafe ÇHé≥¬sï{Ÿ πø|òt ÇHé≥¬sï{Ÿ πø|òt ( HÓ{Ÿ ôd+≥sY )
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Hotel ¨≥˝Ÿ ¨≥\T
Mess yÓTdt ø£*dæ yÓT*dæ uÛÀ»q+ #˚j·TT düú\eTT
Canteen ø±´+{°Hé uÛÀ»qXÊ\
Beach ;#Y düeTTÁ<ä rs¡eTT

Circle dü]ÿ˝Ÿ 4 s√&ÉT¢ ø£\T#·T düú\eTT
Hospital Vü‰dæŒ≥˝Ÿ ÄdüT|ü‹Á
Fields |ò˝” ‡¶Ÿ bı˝≤\T
Court ø√sYº ø√s¡Tº
Police-Station
li sh
b˛©dt`ùdºwüHé b˛©dt ` ùdºwüqT
Fire-Station
ng
ô|’sY ` ùdºwüHé
E
ô|ò’sY ` ùdºwüqT
Choultry
en#ÍÁ©º
k 952 3 9 dü‘Á e· TT
Charted house
Sp o #Ûê¬sº&é Vü≤Ödt
4 X¯sD¡ ≤\j·TeTT
mu 39 0
|ü_¢ø˘ Vü≤Ödt dü‘Á e· TT
Ra ll : 9
Public house
ã]j·T˝Ÿ Á>ö+&é X¯àXÊqeTT
Ce
Burial Ground
Hills Væ≤˝Ÿ‡ ø=+&É\T
Mountains eTÚ+fÒH‡é |üs¡«‘ê\T
Caves øπ yé‡ >∑TVü≤\T
Post - Office b˛dtº`Ä|ò”dt ‘·bòÕ˝≤ ` ø±sê´\j·TeTT
Telephone - Office f…©bò˛Hé`Ä|ò”dt <ä÷s¡yêVæ≤DÏ ` ø±sê´\j·TeTT
Current - Office ø£¬s+{Ÿ`Ä|ò”dt ø£¬s+≥T Ä|ò”düT
E-Seva á`ùdyê á`ùdyê πø+Á<äeTT
Club ø£u¢ Ÿ ø±\πøå|ü düú\eTT
Stadium dù &º j ç T· + Áù|ø£å≈£î\T ≈£Ls=Ãq <ä–q ô|<ä› yÓTÆ<ëqeTT
Auditorium Ä&ç{À]j·T+ Áù|ø£å≈£î\T ≈£Ls=Ãq <ä–q Vü‰\T
Function hall |òü+ø£åHé Vü‰˝Ÿ ø±s¡éTT\qT ìs¡«Væ≤+#·<ä–q düú\eTT
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Games & Entertainment
( Ä≥\T $H√<äeTT )
Amusement neT÷ĆŸyÓT+{Ÿ nVü‰<¢ eä TT

Badminton u≤´&çà+≥Hé u≤´&çà+≥Hé
Tennis f…˙ïdt f…˙ïdt
Basket - Ball u≤ôdÿ{Ÿ ` u≤˝Ÿ u≤ôdÿ{Ÿ ` u≤˝Ÿ
Volley - Ball yê© ` u≤˝Ÿ yê© ` u≤˝Ÿ
Soft - Ball kÕ|òtº ` u≤˝Ÿ kÕ|tº ` u≤˝Ÿ
Snake & Ladder game ùdïø˘ ˝≤&ÉsY π>yéT bÕeTT ì#ÓÃq Ä≥
Boxing u≤øÏ‡+>¥ eTTwæº j·TT<ä›eTT
qè‘·éTT , Hê≥éTT
Dance &ÜHé‡
li sh
ø±sY¶‡ π>yéT |ù ø±≥
Cards game
Caroms ng
ø±´¬syéT‡
E ø±´¬syéT uÀs¡T¶ Ä≥
Chess
en
#Ódt
k 952 3 9 #·<äs¡+>∑+
Snookers
Skipping p o
S 904
dü÷ïø£sY‡
dæÿ|æŒ+>¥
dü÷ïø£sY‡ Ä≥
dæÿ|æŒ+>¥
m
Hide & Seek game u 3ôV’≤&é d”ø˘ π>yéT <ë#·Tø=qT yÓ‘·T≈£î ˝≤≥
Kabaddi
Ra l : 9 ø£ã&ç¶ ø£ã&ç¶
Cinema
Watching T.V. Cel dæìe÷
yê∫+>¥ {°.M
dæìe÷
{°.M #·÷&É≥+
Cricket øÁ ø¬Ï {Ÿ ÁøÏ¬ø{Ÿ Ä≥
Swimming dæ«$Tà+>¥ á‘·˝≤≥
Fishing |òæwæ+>¥ #˚|ü\ |ü≥º&É+
Dice game &Ó’dt π>yéT bÕ∫ø£˝≤≥
Drama &Á ÜeT Hê≥ø£+
Fencing ô|òì‡+>¥ ø£‹kÔ ÕeTT
Football |òü⁄{Ÿ u≤˝Ÿ |òü⁄{Ÿ u≤˝Ÿ
Gambling >±´+_¢+>¥ p<äeTT
Hockey Vü‰ø° Vü‰ø° Ä≥
Lottery ˝≤≥Ø n<äèwüº+
Marbles e÷s¡T“˝Ÿ‡ >√© ˝≤≥
Music Party eT÷´õø˘ bÕØº dü+^‘· ø£#˚]
Running Race s¡ìï+>¥ πsdt |ü]¬>‘·Ô&É+
Stage show ùdºCŸ bò˛ s¡+>∑düú\+
Top spin game {≤|t dæŒHé π>yéT u§+>∑s¡+ Ä≥
Wrestling ¬sCŸ*+>¥ ≈£îd”Ô
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Musical - Instruments
( dü+^‘· ` yê<ë´\T )
Guitar –{≤sY –{≤s¡T

Violin yêsTT*Hé |ò&æ \˚ T
Tabala ‘·ã\ ‘·ã\
Dholak &Û√\ø˘ &Û√\T
Damaru &ÛÉeTs¡T
li s h
&ÛÉeTs¡T>∑+
Drum &Á yÉÛ Té En g
&√\T
en 3 9
MD pok 5 2
Veena
S 04 9MD
mudæ‘êsY 39 dæ‘ês¡
Sitar
Ra l:9
Harmonium eVü‰ls√àìj·T+ Vü‰s√àìj·T+ ( ô|f…º )
C
Clarinet ø±¢]HÓ{Ÿ düHêïsTT yê<äéTT
Mouth Organ eTÚ‘Y Äs¡ZHé H√{Ï yê<äéTT
Flute |òPü {¢ Ÿ |æ\¢q Á>√$
Conch ø±+#Y X¯+KeTT
Khartel U≤¬s˝º Ÿ #Óø£ÿ uÛÑ»q #˚ùd yê<äéTT
Whistle $õ˝Ÿ á\
Cymbal dæ+ã˝Ÿ ‘êfi¯+
Ghungaroos |òüTT+>±s¡÷dt >∑C…®\T ( ø±fi¯fl >∑C…®\T )

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Directions
( ~≈£îÿ\T )
North HêsYÔ ñ‘·Ôs¡+

South kÂ‘Y <äøÏåD+
East ádtº ‘·÷s¡TŒ
West yÓdºt |ü&ÉeTs¡
North - East HêsYÔ ` ádtº áXÊq´+
North - West HêsYÔ ` yÓdtº
li sh yêj·TTe´+
South - East
Eng
kÂ‘Y ` ádtº Äπ>ïj·T+
e
k 952n
kÂ‘Y ` yÓdtº 3 9 HÓã’ TT‹
South - West
p
S 904o
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Tastes
l
Ce ( s¡T#·T\T )
Delicious &Ó©dæj·Tdt s¡T∫ø£sy¡ TÓ qÆ
Sweet d”«{Ÿ ‹j·T´ì
Hot Vü‰{Ÿ ø±s¡yTÓ qÆ
Bitter _≥ºsY #˚<Ó’q
Sore k˛sY |ü⁄\¢ì
Saltish kÕ*ºwt ñ|üŒì
Tasty fÒdºæ s¡T∫ø£sy¡ TÓ qÆ
Tasteless fÒd˝ºt d… t s¡T∫˝Òì
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Zodiac
( 12 ` sê• ` #·Áø£eTT\T )
Ç+^¢wt ˝À ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À ` |ü\T≈£î ns¡úeTT
1. Aries nØdt y˚Twüsê•
2. Aquarius nπø«]j·Tdt ≈£î+uÛÑ sê•
3. Cancer ø±´q‡sY ø£sêÿ≥ø£ sê•
4. Capricorn ø±´Á|æø±sYï sh
eTø£gsl¡ isê•
En
C…$Tìpok en 2
$T<Û 3 9
äTq sêdæ
5. Gemini
S 4 9 5
mu 39 0
6. Leo Ra *jÓll÷: 9 dæ+Vü≤ sê•
7. Libra
Ce *Áu≤ ‘·T˝≤ sê•
8. Pisces |æôdÿdt MTq sê•
9. Sagittarius XÊ–fÒ]j·Tdt <ÛäqdüT‡ sê•
10. Scorpio kÕÿ]ŒjÓTT eè•Ãø£ sê•
11. Taurus {≤s¡dt eèwüuÛÑ sê•
12. Virgo $s√Z ø£Hê´sê•

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Call for any doubts RAMU 9390495239
li sh
Eng
en
k 952 3 9
p o
S 904
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Call for any doubts RAMU 9390495239
li sh
Eng
en
k 952 3 9
p o
S 904
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Spoken English
Book - 3
Alphabet
Words
Sentences
Subject
Verb
Object
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------

Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
RISE
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------

nø£ås¡e÷\ .... Alphabet ... Ä˝≤Œ¤u…{Ÿ
‘Ó\T>∑T nø£ås¡e÷\˝À .... 52 nø£åsê\T ñHêïsTT Ç+^¢wt Ä˝≤Œ¤u{… Ÿ ˝À .... 26 nø£så ê\T ñHêïsTT
nø£ås¡e÷\\T nì ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À nqsê<äT ...
nø£ås¡e÷\\T n<˚$<Ûä+>± .... Alphabets

Alphabets ( Ä˝≤Œ¤u…{Ÿ‡ ) nì Ç+^¢wt˝À ≈£L&Ü nqsê<äT ...
yê{Ïì eT∞fl 2 s¡ø±\T>± .... $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T
n#·TÃ\T .... 16 Vowels - 5

n Ä Ç á ñ } ãTT ãT÷ a , e , i, o, u
m @ ◊ ˇ z W n+ n: h
Vü≤\T¢\T .... 36 g is
l - 21
n
Consonants
E
ø£ K >∑ |òüT v k en 2 3 9
o 5
#· #Û· » s¡a x Sp b ,0c4,9d , f , g , h ,
É Du
≥ sƒ¡ &É a&Ûm 9 39 j,k,l,
‘· <∏Rä <ä <Ûä q ll :
|ü |òü ã uÛÑ C eT e m, n, p, q , r,
j·T s¡ \ e X¯ wü s, t, v, w, x, y, z
dü Vü≤ fi¯ ø£å i
Ç+^¢wt nø£ås¡e÷\ .... English Aphabet
Ç+^¢wt nø£åsê\qT ... 4 $<Ûë\T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T...
1. Print - Capital - Letters 1. Á|æ+{Ÿ ` ø±´|æ≥˝Ÿ ` ˝…≥sY‡
2. Print - Small - Letters 2. Á|æ+{Ÿ ` kÕà˝Ÿ ` ˝…≥sY‡
3. Script - Capital - Letters 3. Ádæÿ|tº ` ø±´|æ≥˝Ÿ ` ˝…≥sY‡
4. Script - Small - Letters 4. Ádæÿ|tº ` kÕà˝Ÿ ` ˝…≥sY‡

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English - Alphabet - Ç+^¢wt ` nø£ås¡e÷\ ( 26 Letters ) ( 26 nø£åsê\T )
Print Print Script Script
‘Ó\T>∑T˝À Capital Small Capital Small
Letters Letters Letters Letters
|ü\ø£+&ç Á|æ+{Ÿ ø±´|æ≥˝Ÿ Á|æ+{Ÿ kÕà˝Ÿ Ádæÿ|tº ø±´|æ≥˝Ÿ Ádæÿ|tº kÕà˝Ÿ
˝…≥sY‡ ˝…≥sY‡ ˝…≥sY‡ ˝…≥sY‡
1 m A a A a
2 _ B b B b
3 dæ C c C c
4 &ç D d D d
5 Ç E e E e
6 m|òt F f F f
7 õ G g G g
Vô ≤#Y H li sh h H h
8
9 ◊ I
Eng i I i
10 C… J
k en 2 3 9 j J j
11 ø¬ S
K o
p 049 5 k K k
12 m˝Ÿ mu L
39 l L l
13 myéT Ra ll : 9
M m M m
14
15
mHé
z
Ce N
O
n
o
N
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16 |æ P p P p
17 ≈£î´ Q q Q q
18 ÄsY R r R r
19 mdt S s S s
20 {Ï T t T t
21 j·TT U u U u
22 $ V v V v
23 &ÉãT¢´ W w W w
24 mø˘‡ X x X x
25 yÓ’ Y y Y y
26 C…&é Z z Z z
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Word - |ü<äeTT
Group of some letters giving some meaning ... it is a word ....
nø£ås¡ ... nø£åsê\ .... ø£\sTTø£‘√ ... @<Ó’Hê ns¡ú+ eùdÔH˚ ... n~ ... ˇø£ |ü<äeTT>± @s¡Œ&ÉT‘·T+~....
ns¡ú+ ñ+fÒ H˚ ... n~ ... word ` |ü<äeTT nì #ÓbÕŒ* ... ns¡úeTT ˝Òì |ü<äeTT ` e´s¡úeTT
Combination of some letters is a Word
nø£åsê\ düeTT<ëj·TeTT ... ˇø£ |ü<äeTT

Letter + Letter + .... = Word
nø£ås¡eTT + nø£ås¡eTT +.... = |ü<äeTT
Some - Words - Examples

Only 1 letter - Words ( ˇπø nø£ås¡|ü⁄ ... |ü<ë\T ) 4 letters - Words ( 4 nø£åsê\ ` |ü<ë\T )
A ........ ˇø£ Book... |ü⁄düÔø£eTT Love... Áù|eT City ... q>∑s¡eTT
I ....... H˚qT
li sh ÇwüºeTT Town ..|ü≥Dº eTT
Door.... ‘·\T|ü⁄ Like...
Eng Name.... ù|s¡T Read ...#·<äTe⁄ They ... yês¡T
k en
2 letters - Words ( 2 nø£åsê\ ` |ü<ë\T )
2 3 9
Good... eT+∫ Take ...rdüTø√ More ... m≈£îÿe
S o
We ... y˚TeTT He ... n‘·&ÉT An ... ˇø£
p 049
Be ... ñ+&ÉT My ... Hê~ To ... ≈£î , øÏ
5 Call ... |æ\T#·T Talk... e÷{≤¢&ÉT Kill ... #·+|ü⁄
mu 39 Look ... #·÷#·T Open ...‘Ós¡T#·T From ... qT+&ç
By ... #˚‘·
Ra ll : 9
No ... ø±<äT Do ... #˚j·TT Us ... eTeTà*ï Tree.... #Ó≥Tº
Go ... yÓfi¯ófl In ... ˝À|ü\
Home ...Ç\T¢ Move .. ø£<äT\T
Ce
Time...düeTj·TeTT Your..MT jÓTTø£ÿ Walk .. q&ÉT#·T
Me ... qqTï At ... e<ä› On ... ô|’q
5 letters - Words ( 5 nø£åsê\ ` |ü<ë\T )
3 letters - Words ( 3 nø£åsê\ ` |ü<ë\T ) Happy..dü+‘√wüeTT Fight ... ø={≤¢&ÉT
God ... <˚e⁄&ÉT Age... ej·TdüT‡ How ... m˝≤ House.. Ç\T¢ Alone .. ˇ+≥]
She ... ÄyÓT Day... s√E Bus ... ãdüT‡ Price.... $\Te Tiger .... |ü⁄*
You ... MTs¡T Big ... ô|<ä› Car ... ø±s¡T Catch... |ü≥Tºø=qT Money ... &ÉãT“
Why... m+<äT≈£î Sit ...≈£Ls=ÃqT Cut ... ø√j·TT Think Ä˝À∫+#·T Water .... ˙s¡T
Him ... n‘·ìï Run ... |ü]¬>‘·TÔ See ... #·÷#·T About ... >∑T]+∫ Stand ... ì\T#·T
Are ... ñHêïs¡T Cry ... @&ÉTÃ Say ... #Ó|ü⁄Œ Class.... ‘·s¡>∑‹ Learn .... H˚s¡TÃø=qT
And ..eT]j·TT Any ... @<Ó’Hê Ask ... n&ÉT>∑T Where... mø£ÿ&É India ... uÛ≤s¡‘· <˚X¯eTT
There... nø£ÿ&É Theif ... <=+>∑
Now...Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Job..ñ<Û√´>∑eTT Cat ... |æ*¢
Ç˝≤π> ... mH√ï ... nø£åsê\qT... ø£\T|ü⁄‘·÷ ... mH√ï Words ( |ü<ë\T ) - ñHêïsTT ...
yê{Ïì ≈£L&Ü ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê\+fÒ ....ˇø£ÿfÒ e÷s¡Z+... Dictionary - z|üHé #˚ùdÔ ... #ê\T
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Sentence- yêø£éTT
Group of some words giving a Complete meaning . It is a Sentence.
|ü<ä ..|ü<ë\ ....ø£\sTTø£‘√ ... dü+|üPs¡íyÓTÆq ns¡ú+ ñ+fÒH˚ ... n~ ... ˇø£ yêø£éTT>± @s¡Œ&ÉT‘·T+~....
ns¡ú+ ñ+fÒH˚ ... n~ Sentence ` yêø£éTT nì #ÓbÕŒ* ... ns¡úeTT ˝Òì yêø£éTT ` e´s¡úeTT
Combination of some words is a Sentence.
nø£åsê\ düeTT<ëj·TeTT ... ˇø£ |ü<äeTT .

Word + word + .... = Sentence
|ü<äeTT + |ü<äeTT + .... = yêø£éTT
I + school = I school ( Bìì C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>± .... >∑eTì+#·+&ç )
H˚qT ... ã&ç .... Ç~ ndü‡\T yêø£é÷ ? Ç+<äT˝À ns¡úeTT ñ+<ë ?
>∑eTì+#·+&ç ... @ e÷Á‘·eTT ns¡úeTT ˝Ò<äT .... Ç~ yêø£ý˚T ø±<äT ....
ø±ã{Ïº ... Bìì .... Wrong - sentence ...‘·|ü⁄Œ&ÉT yêø£éTT .... ˝Ò<ë ...
li s h
n g
Meaning less sentence ns¡âeTT ˝Òì yêø£éTT ... nì #Óù|Œj·Te#·TÃ ....
E
Bìì C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>± .... >∑eTì+#·+k&ç )e n 2 3 9
I + go = I go (
S
Bì ns¡úeTT ` H˚qT yÓfi≤ÔqT ) ns¡úep o |üP9
TT ñ+~ ... ø±˙ dü+4 5
s¡íyÓTÆq ns¡úeTT ˝Ò<äT ...
u ndü3+|ü9Ps¡0í yêø£éTT ... nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ....
( I go
ø±ã{Ïº ... Bìì m
Ra ll : 9
Incomplete sentence
I + go + to + schoolC
e
= I go to school.
(Bì ns¡úeTT ` H˚qT ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤ÔqT ) ns¡úeTT ñ+~ ... n+<äT˝À dü+|üPs¡íyÓTÆq ns¡úeT÷ ñ+~....
ø±ã{Ïº ... Bìì Complete sentence dü+|üPs¡í yêø£éTT ... nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ....
So , My Dear Students
Ç+^¢wt uÛ≤wü eT{≤¢&É{≤ìøÏ ... eTq+ eTTK´+>± @$T H˚s¡TÃø√yê* ?
yêø±´\ ìsêàD+ ... #˚j·T&É+ ... |üP]Ô>± .... H˚s¡TÃø√yê*...
◊‘˚ ...
ˇø£ yêø±´ìï m˝≤ ì]à+#ê˝À ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê\+fÒ ...
n+<äT˝Àì uÛ≤>±\qT >∑T]+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê*....
ˇø£ yêø£éTT˝À @$T ñ+{≤jÓ÷ ... yê{Ïì m˝≤ >∑T]Ô+#ê˝À ... Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+....

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Ç+^¢wt uÛ≤wüqT H˚s¡TÃø√yê\ì ÁbÕs¡+_ÛdüTÔqï yês¡T
á ÁøÏ+~ $wüj·÷\qT |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê*
ø£s¡Ô ø£s¡à ÁøÏj·T
Subject Object Verb
ø£s¡Ô , ø£s¡à , ÁøÏj·T\T ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü e÷{≤¢&˚ yêø£ý˚T ˝Ò<äT..ndü\T uÛ≤wüH˚ ˝Ò<äT..

Ç$ ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü M{Ï >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó*j·T≈£î+&Ü .... @ u≤wüqT ≈£L&Ü H˚s¡TÃø√˝ÒeTT
n˝≤π> .... Ç+^¢wt H˚sT¡ øÃ √e\Hêï ≈£L&Ü M{Ï >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\düTø√e&É+
eTq+<ä]øÏ #ê˝≤ nedüs¡eTT
eTq+ me«] >∑T]+#Ó’‘˚ Á|ü‘˚´øÏ+∫.... e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·T+{≤yÓ÷
ø£s¡Ô h T....
isn+{≤s¡
yê]H˚ ‘Ó\T>∑T yê´ø£s¡DeTT˝À ø£gs¡Ô lnì
Subject E n
Ç+^¢wt ˝À Subject
k e n nì n+{≤s¡
2 3 9 T ........
S o 5
p e÷{≤¢&0ÉT‘·4THêï9yÓ÷ ø£qTø√ÿ+&ç ......
á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\˝À me«] u >∑T]+∫
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aÿ&É s¡$ >∑T]+∫l e÷{≤¢ 3 9
9&ÉT‘·THêïeTT ...ø±ã{Ïº .... s¡$ .... ø£s¡Ô ...
R
s¡$ dæìe÷≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.... Çø£
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ÿ&Él•e >∑T]+∫ e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·THêïeTT .... •e .... ø£s¡Ô ...
•e ˇø£ ôd˝Ÿ bò˛qTqT ø=Hêï&ÉT.... Çø£e
C
ÄyÓT e÷$T&ç |ü+&ÉTqT ‹ì+~..... Çø£ÿ&É ÄyÓT >∑T]+∫ e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·THêïeTT .... ÄyÓT .... ø£s¡Ô ...
yÓ÷Vü≤Hé 10 e‘·s¡>∑‹ bÕdt nj·÷´&ÉT ... Çø£ÿ&É yÓ÷Vü≤Hé ..... ø£s¡Ô
e÷ Hêqï ˇø£ ôd’øÏ˝Ÿ ø=Hêï&ÉT ....... Çø£ÿ&É e÷ Hêqï ..... ø£s¡Ô
n˝≤π>... Ç+^¢wt ˝À ≈£L&Ü ....Subject qT ø£qTø√ÿ+&ç
Ravi went to the movie. ( Ravi ....... Subject )
Shiva bought a cell phone. ( Shiva ....... Subject )
She ate a mango. ( She ........... Subject )
Mohan passed 10th class. ( Mohan .......Subject )
My father bought a cycle. ( My father .. Subject )
Ç˝≤ eTq+ me«] >∑T]+#Ó’‘˚ Á|ü‘˚´øÏ+∫ e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·T+{≤yÓ÷.... yê]H˚
‘Ó\T>∑T yê´ø£sD¡ eTT˝À ø£s¡Ô nì n+{≤s¡T.... Ç+^¢wt˝À Subject nì n+{≤s¡T ...
á ø£s¡Ô Subject kÕúqeTT m|üŒ{Ï¬ø’Hê 1st yÓTT<ä{Ï kÕúqeTT
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ˇø£ yêø£éTT ˝À.............
@$T ? m|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ? mø£ÿ&É ? m˝≤ ? mìï ..... ?
Ç˝≤ mH√ï Á|üX¯ï\≈£î e#·TÃ .... düe÷<ÛëHêH˚ï ......
ø£s¡à
Object
‘Ó\T>∑T yê´ø£s¡DeTT˝À ø£s¡à nì n+{≤s¡T....
Ç+^¢wt ˝À 0bject nì n+{≤s¡T ...

ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T #·÷<ë›+......
á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\˝À ø£s¡àqT ø£qTø√ÿ+&ç . ( ø£s¡Ô , ÁøÏj·TqT $&ÉBùdÔ ... $T–*+<˚ ø£s¡à )
s¡$ dæìe÷≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.... Çø£ÿ&É ( mø£ÿ&çøÏ .... n+fÒ .... dæìe÷≈£î ... nH˚~ . ø£s¡à )
•e ˇø£ ôd˝Ÿ bò˛qTqT ø=Hêï&ÉT.... Çø£ÿ&É ( @$T ? n+fÒ ôd˝Ÿ bò˛qT nH˚~ s .. ø£hs¡à ... )
g l i
\‘· ìqï ‹ì+~..... Çø£ÿ&É ( m|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ? n+fÒ ìqï ....... nH˚E n
~ .. ø£s¡à ...)
yÓ÷Vü≤Hé 10 e‘·s¡>∑‹ bÕdt nj·÷´&ÉT ...Çø£ÿ&É (k@$T e n? n+fÒ 10 e‘·2s3¡>∑‹9nH˚~ .. ø£s¡à ...)
p o 9 5
S ÿ&É ( m˝≤9? n+fÒ
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT ì<ëq+>± e#êÃ&ÉTu.......Çø£
m 3 04ì<ëq+>± nH˚~ .. ø£s¡à ...)
R a l : 9
l
t ˝Àe≈£L&Ü ....Object qT ø£qTø√ÿ+&ç
n˝≤π> .... Ç+^¢wC
Ravi went to the movie. ( to the movie .... Object )
Shiva bought a cell phone. ( a cell phone ..... Object )
Latha ate yesterday. ( yesterday ..... Object )
Mohan passed 10th class. ( 10 th class ..... Object )
My brother came slowly. ( slowly ..... Object )
ˇø£ yêø£´+˝À ... @$T ? mø£ÿ&É ? m|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ? m˝≤ ? ... nH˚ ... |Á Xü ï̄\≈£î e#·TÃ düe÷<Ûëqy˚T
‘Ó\T>∑T yê´ø£sD¡ eTT˝À ø£sà¡ nì n+{≤s¡T.... Ç+^¢wt ˝À Object nì n+{≤s¡T
á ø£s¡à Object kÕúqeTT ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À 2 e kÕúqeTT ....
Ç+^¢wt uÛ≤wü˝À 3rd eT÷&Ée kÕúqeTT>± ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔs¡T....
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ˇø£ yêø£´+˝À ø£s¡Ô ( düüu…®≈£îº )

øÁ j
Ï T·
#˚ùd @ |üìHÓ’Hê ......
ÁøÏj·T nì n+{≤s¡T.... Verb
Ç+^¢wt ˝À Verb nì n+{≤s¡T
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T #·÷<ë›+......
á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\˝À düu…®≈£îº #˚ùd |üìì ( ÁøÏj·T qT ) ø£qTø√ÿ+&ç ......
s¡$ dæìe÷≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.... Çø£ÿ&É yÓfi≤fl&ÉT nH˚~ |üì .... yÓfi≤fl&ÉT .... ÁøÏj·T ...
•e ˇø£ ôd˝Ÿ bò˛qTqT ø=Hêï&ÉT.... Çø£ÿ&É ø=Hêï&ÉT nH˚~ |üì .... ø=Hêï&ÉT .... ÁøÏj·T ...
\‘· e÷$T&ç |ü+&ÉTqT ‹ì+~..... Çø£ÿ&É ‹ì+~ nH˚~ |üì .... ‹ì+~ l i s h.... ÁøÏj·T ...
n g
E ÷´&ÉT nH˚~9... ... ÁøÏj·T ...
yÓ÷Vü≤Hé 10 e‘·s¡>∑‹ bÕdt nj·÷´&ÉT ... Çø£ÿ&É bÕdt
n nj·
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e÷ Hêqï ˇø£ ôd’øÏ˝Ÿ ø=Hêï&ÉT .......Çø£p k e 2 3
ø=Hêï&ÉT nH˚~9|üì5 .... ø=Hêï&ÉT .... ÁøÏj·T ...
u S 904
am 93
: ....Verb qT ø£qTø√ÿ+&ç
n˝≤π> ... R
Ç+^¢wt ˝Àel≈£lL&Ü
C
Ravi went to the movie. ( went ....... Verb )
Shiva bought a cell phone. ( bought ..... Verb)
Latha ate a mango. ( ate ..... Verb)
Mohan passed 10th class. ( passed .....Verb)
My father bought a cycle. ( bought .....Verb)
ˇø£ yêø£´+˝À ... düu…®≈£îº #˚ùd @ |üìHÓ’Hê ÁøÏj·T nì n+{≤s¡T ....

Ç+^¢wt˝À Verb nì n+{≤s¡T....
á ÁøÏj·T Verb kÕúqeTT ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À 3rd eT÷&Ée kÕúqeTT
Ç+^¢wt uÛ≤wü˝À 2nd ¬s+&Ée kÕúqeTT>± ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔs¡T....
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á ÁøÏ+~ yêø±´\˝À ø£s¡Ô , ø£s¡à , ÁøÏj·T\qT ø£qTø√ÿ+&ç ...$&ÉBj·T+&ç
ø£s¡Ô , ø£s¡à , ÁøÏj·T\qT ø£qTø√ÿ+&ç.... ø£s¡Ô\T ø£s¡à\T ÁøÏj·T\T
1. X¯s¡‘Y &çÁ^ |üØø£å\T sêdüTÔHêï&ÉT . X¯s¡‘Y &çÁ^ |üØø£å\T sêdüTÔHêï&ÉT .
2. dü]‘· yÓ÷Vü≤HéqT ‹{Ïº+~. dü]‘· yÓ÷Vü≤HéqT ‹{Ï+º ~.

3. e÷ Hêqï ˇø£ ˝≤|t{≤|t ø=Hêï&ÉT. e÷ Hêqï ˇø£ ˝≤|t{≤|t ø=Hêï&ÉT.
4. >√bÕ˝Ÿ dü÷ÿ\T |ò”E #Ó*¢+#ê&ÉT. >√bÕ˝Ÿ dü÷ÿ\T |òE ” #Ó*¢+#ê&ÉT.
5. n‘·&ÉT n+<ä+>± ñHêï&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT n+<ä+>± ñHêï&ÉT.
6. ÄyÓT ô|<ä›\qT >ös¡$düTÔ+~. ÄyÓT ô|<ä›\qT >ös¡$düTÔ+~.
7. e÷ dù ïVæ≤‘·T\T qqTï yÓ÷dü+ #˚XÊs¡T . e÷dù ïV≤æ ‘·T\T qqTï yÓ÷dü+ #˚XÊs¡T .
8. e÷ neTà HêHé y˚CŸ e+&ç+~. e÷ neTà HêHél is
y˚C Ÿ h e+&ç+~.
9. düTì˝Ÿ ˝≤eD´qT ô|[fl #˚düT≈£îHêï&ÉT. düTn
g
ì˝Ÿ En˝≤eD´qT9 |ô [fl#˚dTü ≈£îHêï&TÉ .
10. d”‘· n&ç$øÏ yÓ[fl+~. ok e d”‘ · 5 2 3 yÓ[fl+~.
p 9 n&ç$øÏ
S T. 9yês¡0T 4 eTeT*ï|ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+#ês¡T.
m u
11.yês¡T eTeT*ï ô|[fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+#ês¡
3
12. Mfi¯fl+‘ê πs|ü⁄R a 9
‹s¡T|ü‹øÏ yÓfi¯ólÔHlêïs¡T:.. Mfi¯fl+‘ê πs|ü⁄ ‹s¡T|ü‹øÏ yÓfió¯ HÔ êïs¡T..
13. y˚TeTT ás√E edüTÔHC
e
êïeTT. y˚TeTT ás√E edüTÔHêïeTT.
14. ø£eT\ yê&çì Çwüº|ü&ç+~. ø£eT\ yê&çì Çwü|º &ü +ç ~.
15. ∫s¡+J$ e÷ }]øÏ e#êÃ&ÉT. ∫s¡+J$ e÷ }]øÏ e#êÃ&ÉT.
16. sêCÒwt u§eTàqT ^#ê&ÉT. sêCÒwt u§eTàqT ^#ê&ÉT.
17. H˚qT n‘·&çì ø£*XÊqT. H˚qT n‘·&ìç ø£*XÊqT.
18. dürwt &Üø£ºs¡Tï ø£*XÊ&ÉT. dürwt &Üø£ºs¡Tï ø£*XÊ&ÉT.
19. e÷ #Ó˝…¢\T |üØø£å\T bÕdt nsTT´+~. e÷ #Ó˝…¢\T |üØø£å\T bÕdt nsTT´+~.
20. eTq+ Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·THêïeTT. eTq+ Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&TÉ ‘·THêïeTT.
MTs¡T düe÷<ÛëHê\T #Ó|üŒ>∑*–‘˚ ..... MT≈£î ø£s¡Ô , ø£s¡à , ÁøÏj·T\ >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó*dæqfÒº
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á ÁøÏ+~ Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\˝À Subject , Verb , Object ø£qTø√ÿ+&ç ...$&ÉBj·T+&ç
Find - Subject , Verb & Object Subject Verb Object
1. Sharath is writing Degree Exams. Sharath is writing DegreeExams

2. Saritha scolded Mohan. Saritha scolded Mohan
3. My father bought a Laptop. My father bought a Laptop
4. Gopal Paid the school fees. Gopal Paid the school fees
5. He is handsome. He is handsome.
6. She respects the elders. She respects the elders.
7. Our friends cheated me. Our friends cheated cheated me.
8. Our mother cooked Non-Veg..

li sh Our mother cooked Non-Veg..
9. Sunil married Lavanya. Eng Sunil married Lavanya.
k en 2 3 9
S o
10. Seeta went to the forest .
p 049 5 Seeta went to the forest.
mu 39
11. They invited to the marriage They invited tothemarriage.
Ra ll : 9
12. They are all going to Tirupathi. They are going to Tirupathi.
Ce
13. We are coming today. We are coming today.
14. Kamala liked him. Kamala liked him.
15. Chiranjeevi came to our village. Chiranjeevi came to our village.
16. Rajesh drew the picture. Rajesh drew the picture.
17. I met him. I met him.
18. Satish consulted the doctor. Satish consulted the doctor.
19.Our sister passed 10th class. Our sister passed 10th class.
20. We are speaking English. We are speaking English.
MTs¡T düe÷<ÛëHê\T #Ó|üŒ>∑*–‘˚ ..... MT≈£î Subject , Verb & Object \ >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó*dæqfÒº

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‘Ó\T>∑T≈£î ..... Ç+^¢wt ≈£î ‘˚&Ü @+{Ï ?
ø£s¡Ô ø£s¡à ÁøÏj·T
H˚qT dæqe÷≈£î yÓfi≤flqT

I went to Cinema
Subject Verb Object
ô|’... ‘Ó\T>∑T eT]j·TT Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\qT >∑egTì+#· li s h+&ç

E n
TT ø£s¡à\T e÷Á3‘9
k en
ø£s¡Ô n˝≤π> ñ+&ç .... ÁøÏj·T eT]j·
2
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o
p eTs=ø£4ñ<ëVü
Ç+^¢wt yêø£´+˝À e÷s¡T‘·TSHêïsTT... 5
9 ≤s¡D #·÷&É+&ç...
m u 390
ø£s¡Ô Ra ø£sl¡àl : 9 ÁøÏj·T
C e
s¡$ ns¡{Ï |ü+&ÉTqT ‹+≥THêï&ÉT
Ravi is eating a banana

Subject Verb Object
ô|’... ‘Ó\T>∑T eT]j·TT Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\qT >∑eTì+#·+&ç

ø£s¡Ô n˝≤π> ñ+&ç .... ÁøÏj·T eT]j·TT ø£s¡à\T e÷Á‘·y˚T
Ç+^¢wt yêø£´+˝À e÷s¡T‘·THêïsTT...
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#ê˝≤ ..... eTTKýÓTÆq ` $wüj·T+
@ ‘Ó\T>∑T yêø±´HÓ’ïHê ....Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\T>± e÷πsÃ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT
ø£sÔ¡ ø£s¡à øÁ j
Ï T·
Subject Object Verb
l is h
ng
ø£s¡Ô ø£s¡à en E 39ÁøÏj·T
o k 52
Subject u Ob Sp ject 9 0 4 9 Verb
n˝≤π> ñ+≥T+~ am 9 3
R ‘Ól\lT>∑:T ˝À 2 e kÕúq+˝À ‘Ó\T>∑T ˝À 3 e kÕúq+˝À
C e
yÓTT<ä{Ï kÕúq+˝ÀH˚ ñ+&˚ ø£s¡à Object ñ+&˚ ÁøÏj·T Verb
ñ+≥T+~ Ç+^¢wt ˝À 3 e kÕúHêìøÏ Ç+^¢wt˝À 2 e kÕúHêìøÏ
yÓfi¯óÔ+~... yÓfi¯óÔ+~....
Ç+‘· es¡≈£î... Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\≈£î ... ‘Ó\T>∑T yêø±´\≈£î >∑\
eTTKýÓTÆq ‘˚&Ü\... >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îHêïeTT...
Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ˇø£ yêø£éTT˝Àì eTTKýÓTÆq
ªª uÛ≤cÕ uÛ≤>∑eTT\T µµ
>∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+....
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Write Your doubts here and call Ramu : 9390495239
li sh
Eng
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
Ce

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li sh
Eng
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
Ce

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
li sh
Eng
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
Ce

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Spoken English
Book - 4
Parts of Speech
Nouns
Kinds of Nouns
Numbers
Genders
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
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Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
RISE
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239

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Parts of Speech ( uÛ≤cÕ uÛ≤>∑eTT\T )
Ä yêø£éTT ˝ÀHÓ’Hê... ˇø=ø£ÿ uÛ≤>±ìøÏ n+fÒ ... ˇø=ø£ÿ |ü<ëìøÏ ... ˇø=ø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT ô|{≤ºs¡T ......
n˝≤ ˇø=ø£ÿ ... yêø±´ìï uÛ≤>±\T>± $uÛÑõ+∫ .... yê{Ï >∑T]+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüTø=H˚
$wüj·÷H˚ï ... ªª uÛ≤cÕ uÛ≤>∑eTT\T µµ nì ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À ....
Ç+^¢wt˝À “Parts of Speech” nì n+{≤s¡T.

‘Ó\T>∑T yê´ø£s¡DeTT˝À yÓTT‘·Ô+ ... ªª 5 ` uÛ≤cÕ uÛ≤>∑eTT\T>± µµ $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T....
ø±˙
Ç+^¢wt Á>±eTsY ˝À “ 8 ` Parts of Speech ” \T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T.
8 Kinds of ` Parts of Speech

l ish
n g
E ø£eTT\T9
1. Nouns......................................... HêeTyê#·
k e n 2 3
p o
2. Pronouns....................................
S 904 9 5
düs¡«HêeTeTT\T
m u 3 ÁøÏj·T\T
R a l : 9
3. Verbs..........................................
Ce l
4. Adjectives.................................. $X‚wüDeTT\T
5. Adverbs..................................... ÁøÏj·÷ $X‚wüDeTT\T
6. Prepositions............................... $uøÏÔ Á|ü‘·´j·TeTT\T
7. Conjunctions.............................. düeTT#·Ã¤j·TeTT\T
8. Interjections.............................. ÄX¯Ãsê´s¡úø£eTT\T
ˇø=ø£ÿ ... $wüj·÷ìï >∑Ts¡T+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+fÒ .... #ê\T

eTq+ Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&É{≤ìøÏ Ä |ü<ë\T m+‘√ ñ|üjÓ÷>∑|ü&É‘êsTT ....

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Noun ` HêeTyê#·ø£eTT
Noun is a name of a person , place , thing or an animal ....
Noun .... nq>± ....
ˇø£ .... eTìwæ , düú\eTT , edüTÔe⁄ , »+‘·Te⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT ‘Ó*ù| |ü<äeTT.
#ê˝≤ düT\uÛÑ+>± ns¡úeTT ø±e&ÜìøÏ
Noun nq>± HêeTyê#·ø£eTT nì ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À ns¡úeTT .
‘Ó\T>∑T yê´ø£s¡DeTT˝À .... HêeTeTT .... nq>± ù|s¡T ...
ù|s¡TqT ‘Ó*ù| |ü<äeTTH˚ HêeTyê#·ø£eTT ...nì n+{≤s¡T....
n<˚.... e÷~]>±...... Ç+^¢wt ˝À ≈£gLl&Üish
E n
ok 5 2 en nì n+{≤s¡
ù|s¡TqT ‘Ó*ù| |ü<äeTTqT Noun 39 T.
Sp 049
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
C e
Noun n+fÒ Name
á düèwæº˝À eTq+ #·÷ùd .... ‘êπø .... $H˚ ....
Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ <ëìøÏ ˇø£ ù|s¡T ‘·|üŒì dü]>± ñ+≥T+~...
Ä ù|s¡TH˚˚ eTqeTT Ç+^¢wt ˝À Noun
nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ....

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Noun ( HêeTyê#·ø£eTT )
Noun is a name of any person , place , thing or an animal ....
Noun .... nq>± .... @<Ó’Hê
ˇø£ .... eTìwæ , düú\eTT , edüTÔe⁄ , »+‘·Te⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT ‘Ó*ù| |ü<äeTT.
Examples ( ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T )
eTqTwüß´\ |ù s¡T¢ Names of

Persons
düú˝≤\ ù|s¡T¢ Names of
Places
sêE Raju ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é Hyderabad

sêDÏ Rani u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T Bangalore
j·THé.{Ï.ÄsY NTR ø£\ø£‘êÔ Culcutta
m.mHé.ÄsY ANR u§+u≤sTT Bombay
dæ+>∑|üPsY Singapur
∫s¡T Chiru
is h
lLondon
ny˚T]ø± America
u≤\T
>±+~Û
Balu
Gandhi n g
E Dubai9
\+&ÉHé
ñwü Usha
ken 2 3
<äTu≤sTT
$TdüºsY C≤Hé. Mr. John. po 95bÕ´]dt
paris
S 904 Australia
$Tôddt . &˚$&é
m u
Mrs . David
3 ÄdtÁfÒ*j·÷
|Á kü Õ<é a
RKiran ll :
Prasad 9 >√yê
Goa
øÏs¡DY
X¯s¡‘Y C
Sharath
e ¬øq&Ü
Canada
ø±øÏHê&Ü
Kakinada
\‘· Latha yÓ’C≤>¥ Vizag
dü+^‘· Sangeeta $»j·Tyê&É Cinema
j·Tdt.|æ. u≤\T S.P. Balu ‹s¡T|ü‹ Church
C≤qøÏ Janaki >∑T&ç Temple
m.ÄsY. ¬sVt≤e÷Hé A.R. Rehman eTdæ®<é ( e÷dt≈£î´ ) Maszid(Mosque)
#·øÁ Ï Chakri p Zoo
eTDÏ X¯s¡à Mani sharma m–®_wÛ Hü é Exhibition
˝Àø£Hê<Ûé Lokanath düs¡ÿdt Circus
$y˚ø±q+<ä Vivekananda bÕsYÿ Park
áX¯«sY Eashwar Ä|ò”düT Office
>√bÕ˝Ÿ.... Gopal...etc ã&ç ( dü÷ÿ˝Ÿ ) School

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Examples ( ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T )
Names of »+‘·Te⁄\ Names of
edüTÔe⁄\ ù|s¡T¢ Things |ü≈£åî\ ù|s¡T¢ Animals & Birds
ô|Hé ( ô|qTï ) Pen &Ü>¥ ( ≈£îø£ÿ ) Dog
ãTø˘ ( |ü⁄düÔø£eTT ) Book ø±´{Ÿ ( |æ*¢ ) Cat
u…+#Y ( ã\¢ ) Bench øö ( Äe⁄ ) Cow

uÀsY¶ ( uÀs¡T¶ ) Board Äø˘‡ ( m<äT› ) Ox
{°.M. T.V. ãô|ò˝À ( π><Ó ) Buffallo
ø£+|üP´≥sY Computer >√{Ÿ ( y˚Tø£ ) Goat
˝≤´|t{≤|t Laptop ôV≤Hé ( ø√&ç ) Hen
yê˝Ÿ ø±¢ø˘ Wall-clock ø±ø˘ ( ø√&ç ô|≥º ) Cock
ø±sY ( ø±s¡T ) Car Vü‰sY‡ ( >∑Ti¿+ ) Horse
ãdt ( ãdüT‡ ) Bus &Ü+ø° ( >±&ç<ä ) Donkey
ÁfÒsTTHé ( ¬s’\T ) Train
s h
\j·THé ( dæ+Vü≤eTT )
i
lTiger Lion
@s√ù|¢Hé ( $e÷qeTT ) Aeroplane
ngf…Æ>∑sY ( |ü⁄* )
E Elephant
u…ø’ ˘ Bike
k en 2 3 9
m*ô|ò+{Ÿ ( @qT>∑T )
u…’dæø£˝Ÿ ( ôd’ø£\T )
ù||üsY
Bicycle
S o 5
p 049 Zebraø±ýÓT˝Ÿ ( ˇ+fÒ )
Camel
JÁu≤ ( ø£+#Ós¡ >±&ç<ä )
Paper
m u 39
dô ˝Ÿ`bò˛Hé
dü÷´{Ÿøπ dt
a
Cell-phone
RSuitcast ll : 9 _j·TsY ( m\T>∑Tã+{Ï )
Bear
Áø√ ( ø±øÏ )
Crow
Á|òæ&é® C
Fridgee bÕ´¬s{Ÿ ( ∫\Tø£ )
Parrot
$+&√ ( øÏ{ÏøÏ ) Window á>∑˝Ÿ ( Á>∑<ä› )
Eagle
&√sY ( yêøÏ* ) Door ÄdtÁ{Ï#Y ( sêã+<ÛäT ) Ostrich
>±¢dt ( >±¢düT ) Glass |”ø±ø˘ ( HÓeT* ) Peacock
>√˝Ÿ¶ ( ã+>±s¡eTT ) Gold ùdïø˘ ( bÕeTT ) Snake
dæ\«sY ( yÓ+&ç ) Silver kÕÿ]Œj·THé ( ‘˚\T ) Scorpion
yê≥sY ( ˙fi¯ófl ) Water Áø±uŸ ( m+Á&Éø±j·T ) Crab
Noun is a name of a person , place , thing or an animal.

ˇø£ .... eTìwæ , düú\eTT , edüTÔe⁄ , »+‘·Te⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT Noun .... . n+{≤s¡T.
Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT .... MTs¡T #˚j·Te\dæq |üì MT≈£î ‘Ó*dæq ø=+<ä] e´≈£îÔ\ ù|s¡T¢ ,
eTqTwüß´\ ù|s¡T¢ , ø=ìï düú˝≤\ ù|s¡T¢ , ø=ìï edüTÔe⁄\ , »+‘·Te⁄\ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡¢qT
ˇø£ H√{Ÿ ãTø˘˝À kı+‘·+>± ....sêj·T+&ç .... Nouns .... >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüTø√+&ç....
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5 - Kinds of Nouns
Nouns \qT 5 s¡ø±\T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T ...
1. Proper Noun. 1. ÁbÕ|üsY HÍHé

2. Common Noun. 2. ø±eTHé HÍHé
3. Collective Noun. 3. ø£˝…øÏºyé HÍHé
4. Material Noun. 4. yÓT{°]j·T˝Ÿ HÍHé
5. Abstract Noun. 5. nuŸÁkÕºø˘º HÍHé
li sh
Eng
1. Proper Nounk en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
m u 2. Common
39
Ra ll : 9 Noun
Ce
5 Kinds
Of 3. Collective Noun
Nouns
4. Material Noun
5. Abstract Noun

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1. Proper Noun
Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± ˇø£]øÏ e÷Á‘·y˚T .... #Ó+~q ... ù|s¡T
A Proper Noun is the name of a

Perticular ... person , place , thing or an animal .
Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± ˇπø e´øÏÔøÏ >±ì , ˇπø düú\eTTq≈£î >±ì

ˇπø edüTÔe⁄q≈£î >±ì ˇπø »+‘·Te⁄q≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T #Ó+~q h ù|s¡T....
li s
Ä ù|s¡T Á|ü‘˚´ø£eTT>± ˇπø e´øÏÔπøE,nˇπgø edüTÔe⁄πø
e n 3 9
ok Te⁄πø4#Ó9+5~2ñ+≥T+~.
ˇπø düú\eTTqπø ˝Ò<ë ˇπSøp»+‘·
u 90
n˝≤+{Ï ù|s¡TaqTmProper93Noun nì n+{≤s¡T .
R ll :
Ce
Proper Noun
Perticular... Perticular...
Name of a
Person Animal
Perticular... Perticular...
Place Thing

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Proper Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Perticular... Perticular... Perticular... Perticular...
Persons Places Things Animals

V.I.P. Suitcase Names of
Raju Hyderabad Nescafe Some
Rani Bangalore Gemini Tea Pet - animals
NTR Samsung cell
Culcutta
Canon Xerox.
ANR Bombay Intel Board Puppy
Chiru Singapur Ahuja Mike Tommy
Balu America L.G. T.V...etc Tony...etc
Gandhi London
li sø=ìïh »+‘·Te⁄\≈£î
Usha Dubai n g
E Á9
Perticular...
eTT<äT› |ù s¡T¢ ô|≥Tº≈î£ +{≤eTT
Days
Mr. John. Paris
k en 2 3
|‘ü ´˚ ø£+>± |ô ≥Tº≈î£ qï |ù s¡TqT
Proper Noun nì #Ó|Œü e#·T.Ã ..
Mrs . David
p o
Australia
95 Sunday
S 904 Perticular...
Monday
Prasad
m u
Goa
3 Tuesday
Kiran
Ra Canada
l : 9 Festivals
Wednesday
Sharath
Latha Cel
Kakinada
Thursday
Friday Pongal
Vizag Saturday Dasara
Sangeeta Ugadi
Vijayawada Perticular... Holi
S.P. Balu Thirupathi Months Vinayaka Chavithi
Janaki Mysoor January
Ramzan ( eid )
Bakrid ( eid )
A.R. Rehman Delhi February
Christmas
March
Chakri Hospet April Good Friday..etc
Mani sharma Hampi May Perticular...
June News Papers
Lokanath Ooty July & Channels
Vivekananda Nepal August
September The Hindu,
Eashwar China October Deccan Chronicle
Gopal...etc E-T.V. , Gemini
Japan...etc. November
T.V. 9 ... etc...
December

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2. Common Noun
kÕ<Ûës¡DyÓTÆq ù|s¡T ˝Ò<ë ˇπø C≤‹øÏ #Ó+~q ù|s¡T
A Common Noun is the name of a

Common ... person , place , thing or an animal .
ˇπø C≤‹øÏ , ˇπø s¡ø£eTTq≈£î #Ó+~q

e´≈£îÔ\≈£î >±ì , düú\eTT\≈£î >±ì , edüTÔe⁄\≈£îs>±ì
h ,
gli
»+‘·Te⁄\≈£î >±ì #Ó+~q{Ïº ù|s¡ETqTn ‘Ó\T|ü⁄
k en 2 39
HêeTyê#· p ø
o£e TTq≈£î ....95
u S 90 4
Common
m 3 #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ....
Nouns
Ra ll : 9
nì
Ce
Common Name of a Common
Person Animal
Common Common
Place Thing

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Common Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Common... Common... Common... Common...

Persons Places Things Animals
Doctor Village Book Animal

Lawyer Town Slate Cow
Captain City Pen Ox
Cricketer Country Pencil Goat
Teacher State Chair
Boy Hen
River Table
Cock
Girl Sea
li sh Bench
Son
Daughter
Ocean
Eng Heater
Cooker
Donkey
Monkey
Student
Ground
k en 2 3 9 Cell phone
Friend
Hill
S o
p 049
Mountain
5 T.V.
Horse
Lover muPark 39 Player

Zebra
Driver Ra ll : 9
Hospital Microphone
Lion
Conductor
Scientist
CeCircus
Zoo
Computer
Laptop
Tiger
Leopard
Artist Exhibition D.V.D. Chimpanzee
Painter Cinema hall C.D. Rhinocerus
Follower School Match box Fish
Viewer Church Scissors Frog
Enemy Temple Keys
Crocodile
Supporter Mosque Lock
Runner R- station Scooter Snake
Winner Bus-stand Aeroplane Scorpion
Fighter ...etc Office... etc Cycle... etc Bird ... etc

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3. Collective Noun
ˇø£ düeT÷<ëj·TeTT ˝Ò<ë ˇø£ >∑T+|ü⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡T
A Collective Noun is the name of a

Collection of persons , things or animals .
e´≈£îÔ\ ø£\sTTø£qT >±˙ , edüTÔe⁄\ ø£\sTTø£qT >±˙ ....

»+‘·Te⁄\ ø£\sTTø£qT >±˙ ......‘Ó*ù|gù|ls¡iTsqTh
E n
Collective Noun k e n
nì #Ó|üŒ 2
e#·TÃ.3
...9
S o
p 049 5
m u 39
Ra lCollective
l : 9
C e
Noun is
Collection of
Name of a Collection of
Persons Animals
Collection of
Collection of Things
Places
Ç+^¢wt˝À düú˝≤\ ø£\sTTø£ ˝Ò<äT .... ñ+&É<äT

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Collective Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
ˇø£ düeT÷<ëj·TeTT ˝Ò<ë ˇø£ >∑T+|ü⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡T

Crowd = a collection of people

( »q düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( Á|ü»\ >∑T+|ü⁄ )
Army = a collection of soldiers
( ôd’ì≈£î\ düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( ôd’qéTT )
fleet = a collection of ships
( z&É\ düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( z&É\ >∑T+|ü⁄ )ngl i s h
Herd = a collection of ecattle n E 9
o k 5 2 3
( Äe⁄\ düeT÷Vü≤ueTTS(pÄe⁄\ eT+<ä 0 4 9)
m 9 3 9
Bunch R = aa collection
l : of grapes
l
e ≤eTT ( Á<ëøå± |ü+&É¢ >∑T#·Ã )
( Á<ëøå± |ü+&É¢ düC
eT÷Vü
flock = a collection of children
( |æ\¢\ düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( |æ\¢\ eT+<ä ) )
Team = a collection of players
( Ä≥>±fi¯fl düeT÷Vü≤eTT ( »≥Tº ) )
Ç˝≤ ... ˇø£ düeT÷<ëj·TeTT ˝Ò<ë ˇø£ >∑T+|ü⁄ jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT
Collective Noun nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ

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4. Material Noun
@<Ó’Hê |òüTq |ü<ës¡úeTT ˝Ò<ë Á<äe |ü<ës¡úeTT jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡TqT
Material Noun is a name of

a material or a substance
Material nq>± |ü<ës¡úeTT nì ns¡úeTT
|ü<ës¡úeTT\T eTTK´+>± ¬s+&ÉT ......
1. |òüTq |ü<ës¡úeTT ( >∑{Ïº$ ) 2.Á<äe |ü<ës¡ is
lúeTT h
n g
ø±ã{Ïº .. |òüTq |ü<ës¡úeTT ˝Ò<ëkÁ<eäen|ü<Eës¡úeTT2jÓ3T9Tø£ÿ
p o 9 5
ù|s¡TqT
m u S 904 üŒe#·TÃ
Material
3
Noun nì #Ó|
Ra l : 9
l
CeMaterial
Noun
Solid Liquid
Material Material
( |òüTq ) >∑{Ïº |ü<ës¡úeTT Á<äe |ü<ës¡úeTT

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Material Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Gold
Salt
Iron
Silver
Bronze
Copper
Steel
Aluminum
Lead
li
Milks h
Solid Gem Liquid ng
n E Water9
Materials Diamond
ok e
Materials
52 3
Petrol
Coral
Sp 04 9
( |òüTq ) >∑{Ïº aCoal
m u 39 Á<äe
Kerosine oil
R : 9 Diesel
|ü<ës¡úeTT\T Plasticell |ü<ës¡úeTT\T ... etc
Calcium
C
Rubber
Silk
Cotton
Glass
Fiber
Paper
Plywood
Cement
Soap

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5. Absract Noun
ˇø£ e´øÏÔ jÓTTø£ÿ dü«uÛ≤eeTT , |üì‘·qeTT ˝Ò<ë dæ‹ú jÓTTø£ÿ ù|s¡T
An Abstract Noun is the name of a

a quality , action or a state
ˇø£ e´øÏÔ jÓTTø£ÿ dü«uÛ≤eeTT , |üì‘·qeTT ˝Ò<ë dæ‹ú jÓTTø£ÿ ù|hs¡TqT

s gl#Ói|üŒe#·TÃ
‘Ó*j·TCÒùd |ü<äeTTqT Abstract Nounnnì
n E 9
ok e 523
S p 049
mu 39
RaAbstract
l : 9
el Noun
C
Name of a
Quality
State
dü«uÛ≤eeTT dæú‹
Action
|üì‘·qeTT

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Abstract Nouns ... ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Quality Action State

dü«uÛ≤eeTT |üì‘·qeTT dæ‹ú

Goodness Laughter Childhood
eT+∫ ‘·qeTT qe⁄« ∫qï ‘·qeTT
Kindness Boyhood
Theft
<äj·T , C≤* u≤\´.eTT
sh
Darkness <=+>∑ ‘ ·q eTT g l i
EnYouth
Nø£{Ï , yÓTTãT“ Movement ke n j·T
2 3 9
e«qeTT
Hardness ø£ <
S ä * o 5
pø£ 049Slavery
mu 3 9
>∑{Ïº ‘·qeTTRa Judgement
l : 9 u≤ìdü‘«· eTT
Brightness Cers¡ l TŒ Sleep
yÓ\T>∑T Hatred ìÁ<ä
Honesty Sickness
ìC≤sTTr <˚ «wü e TT
nHês√>∑éTT
Wisdom Obediance
Death
‘Ó*$ $<Ûj
˚ T· ‘· #êe⁄
Bravery Growth Poetry
<ÛÓ’s¡éTT... etc ô|s¡T>∑T<ä\... etc ø£·$‘·«eTT... etc

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Nouns & Numbers
HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T e#·qeTT\T
Every Noun has 2 Numbers .

Á|ü|rü HêeTyê#·ø£eTTq≈£î .... 2 e#·qeTT\T ñ+{≤sTT ...
1. Singular Numbers ( @ø£ e#·qeTT\T )

&
h )
2. Plural - Numbers. ( ãVüQ e#·lqiseTT\T
n g
E, the noun
When One thing is spoken about
k e n 2 3 9 used ,
It is said to be as p inoSingular 9 - 5Number.
u S 904
a m 93
] >∑T]+∫ #Ól|ù lŒ |ü:<ë\qT .... @ø£e#·qeTT\T nì #Ó|Œü e#·TÃ
ˇø£{Ï ... ˝Ò<ë ˇø£R
C e
ˇø£fÒ ñ+fÒ .... @ø£e#·qeTT .....
When more than one thing is spoken about , the noun used ...
It is said to be as in Plural - Number
ˇø£{ÏøÏ $T+∫q ¬s+&ÉT ˝Ò<ë n+‘· ø£+fÒ m≈£îÿe

( #ê˝≤ ) >∑T]+∫ #Óù|Œ |ü<ë\qT ....
ãVüQ e#·qeTT\T nì #Ó|üŒ e#·TÃ
ˇø£{ÏøÏ $T+∫ m≈£îÿe>± ñ+fÒ ..... ãVüQe#·qeTT\T

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Nouns & Numbers - Examples
e#·qeTT\T ` ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Singular - Numbers Plural - Numbers
@ø£ e#·qeTT\T ãVüQ e#·qeTT\T
ˇø£ @ø£ e#·HêìøÏ ... ∫e]øÏ ‘s’nì #˚]Ã‘˚ ... Ä ø=‘·Ô |ü<äy˚T ãVüQe#·qeTT >± e÷s¡T‘·T+~
eye ø£qTï eyes ø£fió¯ fl
hand #˚sTT hands #˚‘T· \T
tree #Ó≥Tº trees #Ó≥T¢
cow Äe⁄ cows Äe⁄\T
year dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT years dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT\T
rose s√C≤|ü⁄e⁄« roses s√C≤|ü⁄e⁄«\T
shop n+>∑&ç shops n+>∑fi¯ófl
cap {À|æ caps {À|”\T
book |ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT books |ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT\T
pen ô|qTï pens ô|qTï\T
boy
dog
u≤\T&ÉT
≈£îø£ÿ
boys
dogs
l ish u≤\Ts¡T
≈£îø£ÿ\T
apple Ä|æ˝Ÿ |ü+&ÉT apples
n g
E e÷s¡9T‘·T+~
Ä|æ˝Ÿ |ü+&ÉT ¢
Ô |ün
ˇø£ @ø£ e#·HêìøÏ ... ∫e]øÏ ‘es’nì #˚]Ã‘˚ ... Ä ø=‘·e <äy˚T ãVüQe#·qeTT >±3
po k 9 5 2
box
ass
ô|f…º
>±&ç<ä u S 9
boxes
0
asses 4 ô|f…º\T
>±&ç<ä\T
dish
glass a m
‹+&ç
R ãÁ wüß¸ ll :
>∑˝
|ü
≤düT
<ës¡úeTT
9 3 dishes
glasses
‹+&ç |ü<ës¡úeTT\T
>∑˝≤düT\T
ç ÷· s¡e
brush brushes ãÁ wüß¸\T
watch >∑&C
j eTT watches >∑&j
ç ÷· s¡eTT\T
bench ã\¢ benches ã\¢\T
bunch >∑T#·Ã bunches >∑T#·Ã\T
church #·]Ã churches #·Ø\Ã T
∫e]øÏ ‘o’ñqï @ø£e#·Hê\≈£î ‘es’nì #˚]Ã‘˚ ... Ä ø=‘·Ô |ü<äy˚T ãVüQe#·qeTT >± e÷s¡T‘·T+~
Mango e÷$T&ç |ü+&ÉT Mangoes e÷$T&ç |ü+&ÉT¢
Potato ã+>±fi¯<äT+|ü Potatoes ã+>±fi¯<äT+|ü\T
Cargo z&É˝Àì düsT¡ ≈£î Cargoes z&É˝Àì düsT¡ ≈£î\T
mosquito <√eT mosquitoes <√eT\T
hero V”≤s√( Á|ü<Ûëq bÕÁ‘· <Ûës¡T&ÉT ) heroes V”≤s√\T ( Á|ü<Ûëq bÕÁ‘· <Ûës¡T\T)
negro q\¢ C≤‹ yê&ÉT negroes q\¢ C≤‹ yêfi¯ófl
buffalo π><Ó buffaloes π><Ó\T
tomoto ≥yÓ÷≥ tomotoes ≥yÓ÷{≤\T

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∫e]øÏ ‘o’ñqï ≈£L&Ü ø=ìï @ø£e#·Hê\≈£î ‘s’e÷Á‘·y˚T #˚]Ã‘˚ ... Ä ø=‘·Ô |ü<äy˚T ãVüQe#·qeTT >± e÷s¡T‘·T+~
radio sπ &çj÷Ó radios sπ &çj÷Ó \T

piano |æj·÷H√ pianos |æj·÷H√\T
bamboo yÓ<äTs¡T u§+>∑T bamboos yÓ<äTs¡T u§+>∑T\T
photo #Ûêj·÷ ∫Á‘·eTT photos #Ûêj·÷ ∫Á‘ê\T
auto Ä{À autos Ä{À\T
ratio ìwüŒ‹Ô ratios ìwüŒ‘·TÔ\T
ˇø£ @ø£ e#·HêìøÏ ... ∫es¡ ‘ -y ’ñ+&ç ... Ä ‘ -y ’eTT+<äT Vü≤\T¢ ñ+fÒ .. ‘ -y ’ì ‘ i ’>± e÷]Ã ‘es’ø£\bÕ*
baby _&É¶ babies _&É\¶ T
city q>∑s¡eTT cities q>∑sê\T
á>∑
fly
lady dÁ Ô”
flies
ladies
l i s h
á>∑\T
Ád”Ô\T
story
army
ø£<∏ä
ôd’qéTT
stories
armies
E n g ø£<∏ä\T
ôd’Hê´\T
pony >∑Ti¿+ |æ\¢
k e n
ponies
2 3 9
>∑Ti¿+ |æ\¢\T
S o
p-y ’eTT+<äT n#·0TÃ ñ+fÒ
4 5
9.. ‘s’nì #˚]Ã‘˚ dü]b˛‘·T+~
m u
ˇø£ @ø£ e#·HêìøÏ ... ∫es¡ ‘ -y ’ñ+&ç ... Ä ‘
3 9
Rau≤\T&É T l :
9
Ôe⁄ l
boys u≤\Ts¡T
Ä≥ edüTe
boy
toy
monkey ø√‹C
øÏs¡DeTT
toys
monkeys
Ä≥ edüTÔe⁄\T
ø√‘·T\T
øÏs¡DeTT\T
ray rays
key ‘êfi¯eTT keys ‘êfi¯eTT\T( ‘êfi≤\T )
donkey >±&ç<ä donkeys >±&ç<ä\T
ˇø£ @ø£ e#·HêìøÏ ... ∫es¡ ‘ -f ’˝Ò<ë‘ -fe ’ñ+fÒ.. yê{Ïì rùddæ ‘ ves ’#˚]Ã‘˚ ãVüQe#·qeTe⁄‘·T+~
knife ø£‹Ô knives ø£‘T· \Ô T

calf <ä÷&É calves <ä÷&É\T
leaf Ä≈£î leaves Ä≈£î\T
thief <=+>∑ thieves <=+>∑\T
wife uÛ≤s¡´ wives uÛ≤s¡´\T
wolf ‘√&˚\T wolves ‘√&˚fió¯ fl

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ø=ìï @ø£ e#·Hê\≈£î ..ñqï n#·TÃ\qT ... e÷πsÃdæ ... y˚πs n#·TÃ\qT CÀ&çùdÔ n$ ãVüQe#·Hê\T>± e÷]b˛‘êsTT
goose u≤‘·T geese u≤‘·T\T
tooth |üqTï teeth |üfi¯ófl

man |ü⁄s¡Twüß&ÉT men |ü⁄s¡Twüß\T
woman eTVæ≤fi¯ women eTVæ≤fi¯\T
foot bÕ<äeTT feet bÕ<äeTT\T
mouse #·T+#Ó\Tø£ mice #·T+#Ó\Tø£\T
ø=ìï @ø£e#·Hê\T á $<Ûä+>± ≈£L&Ü ãVüQe#·Hê\T>± e÷s¡T‘êsTT

Son - in -law n\T¢&TÉ Sons - in -Law n\T¢fi¯ófl
Daughter - in - law ø√&É\T Daughters - in - Law ø√&Éfió¯ fl
Father - in - law e÷ej·T´ Father s- in - Law e÷ej·T´\T
mother - in - law n‘·j
Ô T· ´ mothers - in - law n‘·j
Ô T· ´\T
man - servant eT>∑ |üì eTìwæ men - servant
l i s h
eT>∑ |üì eTqTwü\T
maidservant
Stepson
Ä&É |üì eTìwæ
düe‹ø=&ÉT≈£î
maidservants
Stepsons
E n g Ä&É |üì eTqTwüß\T
düe‹ ø=&ÉT≈£î\T
stepmother düe‹‘·*¢
n
stepmothers
e
k 9H5ê\T>±2e÷s¡T‘êsTT 3 9
düe‹ ‘·\T¢\T
ø=ìï @ø£ e#·Hê\≈£î ... ∫es¡q $&ç nø£åspê\qTo#˚s¡Ã&É+ e\q ãVüQe#·

m<äT› u
S 904
Ox
m
Ra|æ\¢ ( ˝Ò<ë ) |æl\l¢yê&É:T 9 3 Oxen m<äT›\T
|æ\¢\T
Child
C e Children
ø=ìï @ø£ e#·Hê\T .... m˝≤>∑T+{≤jÓ÷ .... ãVüQe#·Hê\˝À ≈£L&Ü n˝≤π> ñ+{≤sTT ... @ e÷s¡TŒ\T ñ+&Ée⁄
deer ˝Ò&ç deer ˝Òfió¯ fl
fish #˚|ü fish #˚|ü\T
swine |ü+~ swine |ü+<äT\T
rice _j·T´+ –+» rice _j·T´+
news yês¡Ô news yês¡Ô\T
ø=ìï HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T m|üŒ{ÏøÏ @ø£ e#·Hê\T>±H˚ .... ñ+{≤sTT ...

Wood ( #Óø£ÿ ) Water ( ˙s¡T ) Iron ( ÇqTeTT ) Sugar ( |ü+#·<ës¡ ) .........
ø=ìï HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T m|üŒ{ÏøÏ ãVüQ e#·Hê\T>±H˚ .... ñ+{≤sTT ...

Scissors ( ø£‘ÓÔs¡ ) Spectacles ( ø£fi¯flCÀ&ÉT ) Trousers ( ÇC≤s¡T )
Pincers ( ÁXÊeDeTT ) Mathematics ( >∑DÏ‘·eTT ) ..........

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Nouns & Genders
HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\T *+>∑eTT\T
á düèwæº˝À ñqï nìï+{ÏøÏ ....

eTqTwüß´\T ..... edüTÔe⁄\T .... »+‘·Te⁄\T ....
Ç˝≤ y˚{Ï¬ø’Hê *+>∑uÛÒ<ä+ ‘·|üŒì dü]>± .... ñ+≥T+~ ...
eT>∑ ` nsTT‘˚ ... |ü⁄s¡Twü C≤‹øÏ #Ó+~qyÓ’‘˚

Masculine - Gender ( |ü⁄*¢+>∑eTì )
li sh
Ä&É ` nsTT‘˚ ..... Ád”Ô C≤‹øÏ #Ó+E n g
~qyÓ’‘˚
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 0( 4Ád”Ô 9*+>∑eTì ) 5
Feminine
m u - Gender
3 9
Ra ll : 9
eT>∑ ˝Òø£ Ä&É C e ... eT>∑ C≤‹ ø±e#·TÃ ... Ä&É C≤‹ ø±e#·TÃ
nsTT‘˚
Common - Gender nì
@ *+>∑eTT ˝Òø£b˛‘˚ ....
Neuter - Gender ( q|ü⁄+düø£ *+>∑eTì )
á $<Ûä+>± 4 Genders 4 *+>∑eTT\T ñqï$

M{Ï >∑T]+∫ ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\‘√ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+

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Nouns & Genders - Examples
*+>∑eTT\T ` ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Masculine - Genders Feminine - Genders
|ü⁄*¢+>∑eTT\T Ád”Ô *+>∑eTT\T
|ü<ë\T |üP]Ô>± e÷s¡T‘·÷

Man |ü⁄s¡Twüß&ÉT Woman dÁ Ô”
Boy nu≤“sTT Girl ne÷àsTT
Clot >∑TÁs¡+ |æ\¢ Filly Ä&É >∑TÁs¡+ |æ\¢
Dog ≈£îø£ÿ Bitch Ä&É ≈£îø£ÿ
Father Hêqï Mother neTà
Son ø=&ÉT≈£î Daughter ≈£L‘·Ts¡T
Brother nqïj·T´ ( ‘·eTTà&ÉT ) Sister nø£ÿj·T´ ( #ÓfiËfl\T )
King sêE
li sh Queen sêDÏ
Villain
nj·÷´ ! E g
|Á ‹ü Hêj·T≈£î&ÉT
n
Vamp
Madam
Á|ü‹ Hêj·T≈£îsê\T
ne÷à !
Sir
Horse
k en
>∑TÁs¡eTT
2 3 9 Mare Ä&É >∑TÁs¡eTT
Fox
S o
p 049
qø£ÿ 5 Vixen Ä&É qø£ÿ
Gander
mu u≤‘·T
39 Goose Ä&É u≤‘·T
Drone
Ra ll : 9
‘˚HÓ{°>∑ Bee Ä&É ‘˚HÓ{°>∑
Ce
Pig |ü+~ Sow Ä&É |ü+~
Bull (ox ) m<äT› Cow Äe⁄
Cock ø√&ç|⁄ü +E Hen ø√&ç ô|≥º
Lad ∫qï |æ\¢yê&ÉT Lass ∫qï bÕ|ü
Monk düHê´dæ Nun düHê´dæì
Uncle ∫Hêïqï Aunty ∫qïeTà
Papa Hêqï Mama neTà
Husband uÛÑs¡Ô Wife uÛ≤s¡´
Nephew k˛<äs¡Tì ≈£îe÷s¡T&ÉT Niece k˛<äsT¡ ì ≈£L‘·Ts¡T
Hero Hêj·T≈£î&ÉT Heroin Hêj·T≈£îsê\T
Bachelor ÁãVü≤à#ê] maid ÁãVü≤à#ê]ì
Gentleman eTsê´<äädüTÔ&ÉT lady eTsê´<ädüTÔsê\T
Widower uÛ≤s¡´ #·ìb˛sTTq yê&ÉT Widow uÛÑs¡Ô #·ìb˛sTTq Ád”Ô

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Masculine - Genders Feminine - Genders
|ü⁄*¢+>∑eTT\T Ád”Ô *+>∑eTT\T
Masculine - Genders ∫e]øÏ ‘ess ’#˚]Ã‘˚ Feminine - Genders >± e÷s¡T‘êsTT
Author s¡#s· TT‘· Authoress s¡#·sTTÁ‹
Baron »MT+<ës¡T&ÉT Baroness »MT+<ës¡Tsê\T
Giant ô|<ä› Äø±s¡eTT ø£*–qyê&ÉT Giantess ô|<ä› Äø±s¡eTT ø£*–q Ád”Ô

Heir yês¡dTü &ÉT Heiress yês¡düTsê\T
Host n‹<∏äT\qT Ä<ä]+#·Tyê&ÉT. Hostess n‹<∏äT\qT Ä<ä]+#·T Ád”Ô
Lion dæ+Vü≤eTT Lioness Ä&É dæ+Vü≤eTT
Manager ìs¡«Væ≤+#·Tyê&ÉT Manageress ìs¡«Væ≤+#·T Ád”Ô
Patron b˛wü≈î£ &ÉT Patroness b˛wü≈î£ sê\T
Poet ø£$ Poetess ø£$sTTÁ‹
Priest |ü⁄s√Væ≤‘·T&ÉT Priestess |ü⁄s√Væ≤‘·Tsê\T
Steward uÛÀ»q edü‹ ø£*Œ+#·Tyê&ÉT Stewardess uÛÀ»q edü‹ ø£*Œ+#·T Ád”Ô
Masculine - Genders \˝Àì ø=ìï nø£åsê\qT e÷]ùdÔ Feminine - Genders >± e÷s¡T‘êsTT
|ü⁄* Ä&É |ü⁄*
Tiger
God <˚e⁄&ÉT
Tigress
li s
Goddess h <˚e‘·
Actor
Negro
q≥T&ÉT
q\ ¢C≤‹ yê&ÉT
E n gActress
Negress
q{Ï
q\ ¢C≤‹ Ád”Ô
Waiter
k e
¨≥˝Ÿ |ü]#ês¡≈£î&ÉTn 3 9
Waitress
2
¨≥˝Ÿ |ü]#ês¡≈£îsê\T
Prince
Master >∑Ts¡Te⁄
S o
sê≈£îe÷s¡T&ÉT
p 049 5 Princess
Mastress
sê≈£îe÷¬sÔ
Ä&É >∑Ts¡Te⁄
Hunter
m u
y˚≥>±&ÉT
sêsêE 3 9 Huntress y˚{≤&ÉT Ád”Ô
Emperor
CommonR
a
- Genders ll :
9 Empress
Neuter - Gender
sêsêDÏ
…Æ ñ+&Éee#·TÃ
eT>∑ ˝Ò<ë Ä&É @<√ ˇø£fC Ç≥T eT>∑ ` n≥T Ä&É ø±≈£î+&Ü ... ñ+&˚$
ÁbÕDeTT ˝Òì$ ... nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ
Child bÕ|ü ` u≤ãT
Doctor yÓ’<ÛäT´&ÉT ` yÓ’<ÛäT´sê\T House Ç\T¢
Lawyer Ä&É˝≤j·Ts¡T ` eT>∑˝≤j·Ts¡T Knife ø£‹Ô
Friend ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT ` ùdïVæ≤‘·Tsê\T Tree #Ó≥Tº
Cousin ∫Hêïqï ø=&ÉT≈£î ` ∫Hêïqï ≈£L‘·Ts¡T Chair ≈£îØÃ
Person Ä&É e´øÏÔ ` eT>∑ e´øÏÔ Bench ã\¢
Pupil n&É $<Ûë´]ú ` eT>∑ $<Ûë´]ú Ball ã+‹
Teacher Ä&É >∑Ts¡Te⁄ ` eT>∑ >∑Ts¡Te⁄ Bat u≤´≥T
Student Ä&É $<Ûë´]ú ` eT>∑ $<Ûë´]ú T.V. {°.M.
Lover Á|æj·TT&ÉT ` Á|æj·TTsê\T Computer ø£+|üP´≥s¡T
Helper düVü‰j·T≈£î&ÉT ` düVü‰j·T≈£îsê\T Laptop ˝≤´|t{≤|t
Well-wisher eT+∫ø√s¡Tyê&ÉT ` eT+∫ø√s¡T Ád”Ô Scooter dü÷ÿ≥s¡T
Sweeper ≈£düTe⁄q÷≈£îyê&ÉT ` ø£düTe⁄q÷≈£î Ád”Ô Bus ãdüT‡
Worker |üì#˚j·TTyê&ÉT ` |üì#˚j·TT Ád”Ô Car... ø±s¡T

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Spoken English
Book - 5
Persons
Pronouns
Pronouns & Kinds
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
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Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
RISE
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239

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Pronoun ( düs¡«HêeTeTT )
Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.
Pronoun .... nq>± ....
HêeTyê#·ø£eTTq≈£î ã<äT\T>± ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T |ü<äeTT.
Nouns \≈£î ã<äT\T>± Pronouns
Rama
n‘·&ÉT , Ç‘·&ÉT
Ravi
Kishore
|ü⁄s¡Twüß\ ù|s¡¢≈£î Äj·Tq , áj·Tq
David
Basha
ã<äT\T>± He
Seeta lish
Geeta g
Ád”Ô\ ù|s¡¢≈£î En ÄyÓT , áyÓT
ken 95239She
Lakshmi
Devi ã<äpTo\T>±
Kamala
u S 904
Ram : 9 3
l l
Dog
Bat
CeÿfÒ .... edüTÔe⁄≈£î ( ˝Ò<ë ) n~ , Ç~
ˇø£
T.V. ˇø£ÿfÒ ...... »+‘·Te⁄≈£î
Apple
ã<äT\T>± It
Cat
ˇø£ÿ{ÏøÏ $T+∫ yês¡T , Ms¡T

Rama & Seeta
Boys , Girls n$ , Ç$
Cats , Dogs me«]¬øH’ ê ..düsπ
Books , Pens
They
Nouns \≈£î ã<äT\T>± ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T |ü<äy˚T ... Pronouns

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Persons ( e´≈£îÔ\T )
Ç+^¢wt Á>±eTsY˝À á Persons( |s¡‡Hé‡ ) e´≈£îÔ\ >∑T]+∫ ne>±Vü≤q ˇø£ $<ë´]úøÏ ‘·|üŒìdü]>± ñ+&Ü* ....
Ç+^¢wt Á>±eTsY˝À .... Ç+^¢wt yêø±´\≈£î dü+uÛÑ+~+∫ .... e´≈£îÔ\T 3 ( eTT>∑TZs¡T )
yÓTT<ä{Ï e´øÏÔ ........ ¬s+&Ée e´øÏÔ ........ eT÷&Ée e´øÏÔ
1st Person .... 2 nd Person .... 3rd Person
1st Person (yÓTT<ä{Ï e´øÏÔ ) ...... me]øÏ yêπs .... yÓTT<ä{Ï e´øÏÔ .... e÷{≤¢&ÉT yê&˚ yÓTT<ä{Ï e´øÏÔ
1st Person - Singular ( I - H˚qT )
1st Persons (yÓTT<ä{Ï e´≈£îÔ\T ) me]øÏ yêπs ..yÓTT<ä{Ï e´≈£îÔ\T ..e÷{≤¢&ÉT yês¡T yÓTT<ä{Ï e´≈£îÔ\T
1st Person - Plural ( We - y˚TeTT ( #ê˝≤ eT+~ ãVüQe#·qeTT )
is h
l ¬s+&Ée e´øÏÔ )
2nd Person (¬s+&Ée e´øÏÔ ) .... yÓTT<ä{Ï e´øÏÔøÏ m<äTs¡Tn >±g ñqïyê&˚
n E..... ¬s+&Ée e´øÏ9Ô
o k e
yÓTT<ä{Ï e´øÏÔ e÷≥\qT $+≥Tqïyê&˚
5 2 3
2nd Person - Singular
S p ( You - ˙e⁄9
0 4 ( ˇø£ÿ&˚ ñ+fÒ )
m u 3 9
2nd PersonsR
a 9
(¬s+&Ée e´≈£îlÔ\lT ) :.. yÓTT<ä{Ï e´øÏøÔ Ï m<äTs¡T>± ñqïyês¡T s¬ +&Ée e´≈£î\Ô T )
Ce $+≥Tqïyês¡T ( #ê˝≤ eT+~ ..... ¬s+&Ée e´≈£îÔ\T )
yÓTT<ä{Ï e´øÏÔ e÷≥\qT
2nd Person - Plural ( You - MTs¡T ( ãVüQe#·qeTT\T )
3rd Person (eT÷&Ée e´øÏÔ ) .... yÓTT<ä{Ï e´≈£îÔ\T
eT]j·TT ¬s+&Ée e´≈£îÔ\T
me«] >∑T]+∫ e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{≤s√ .... yêπs ..... eT÷&Ée e´≈£îÔ\T ( Ç‘·s¡T\T )
3rd Person - Singulars ( @ø£e#·qeTT\T )
( He , She , It , this , That , Rama , Seeta , Boy , Girl......etc
( n‘·&ÉT , Ç‘·&ÉT , ÄyÓT ,áyÓT , n~ , Ç~ , sêeTT , d”‘· , nu≤“sTT , ne÷àsTT.... )
3rd Person - Plurals ( ãVüQe#·qeTT\T )

( They , These , Those , Boys , Girls ......etc
( yês¡T , Ms¡T , n$ , Ç$ , nu≤“sTT\T , ne÷àsTT\T .... )
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Persons --- Table
Persons Singular Plurals
I I H˚qT We y˚TeTT
II You ˙e⁄ You MTs¡T
He ( n‘·&ÉT , Ç‘·&ÉT ) They ( yês¡T , Ms¡T )
III She ( ÄyÓT , áyÓT ) They ( yês¡T , Ms¡T )
It ( n~ , Ç~ ) They ( n$
l i s h
, Ç$ )
This ( Ç~ ` <ä>∑Zs¡ ) n g
These ( Ç$` <ä>∑Zs¡ )
That ( n~ ` <ä÷s¡eTT )en EThose(3n$9` <ä÷s¡eTT )
Rama ( sêeTT&É p o Tk) 9 5
Rama2 and Seeta
Seeta u S( d”‘·) 904( sêeTT&ÉT d”‘· )
Ra m
Boy ( nu≤“ :
s TT9)
3 Boys ( nu≤“sTT\T )
Girl e( l l
ne÷àsTT ) Girls ( ne÷àsTT\T )
C
Pen ( ô|qTï ) Pens ( ô|qTï\T )
Book ( |ü⁄düÔø£eTT ) Books ( |ü⁄düÔø±\T )
Cat ( |æ*¢ ) CatsS ( |æ\T¢\T )
Rat ( m\Tø£ ) Rats ( m\Tø£\T )
Lion ( dæ+Vü≤eTT ) Lions ( dæ+Vü≤eTT\T )
Tiger ( |ü⁄* ) Tigers ( |ü⁄\T\T )
Bus ( ãdüT‡ ) Buses ( ãdüT‡\T )
Car ( ø±s¡T ) Cars ( ø±s¡T ¢)
Train ( ¬s’\T ) Trains ( ¬s’fi¯ófl )
Aeroplane ( $e÷q+ ) Aeroplanes ( $e÷Hê\T )

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Find the persons of the Following words
1. Raja 3rd person Singular 51. Keys
2. He 3rd person Singular 52. Mouses
3. Sangeetha 3rd person Singular 53. Paper
4. Mohan 3rd person Singular 54. Those
5. Buses 55. They
6. Cars. 56. I
7. Lorries Ç˝≤π> MTπs 57. We
8. Rats 58. Rani
9. The sun kı+‘·+>± 59. Sreedhar
10. The stars 60. Blood
11. Murali sêj·T+&ç 61. Moon
12. Kiran |üø£ÿq 62. Sun
13. Stars 63. Father
14. Cows Äq‡s¡¢qT 64. My father
15. Knives 65. Your sisters
16. wife #·÷&É+&ç 66. His cousins
17. Computer 67. Their temple
18. Sreedhar 68. Our House
19. A and B
li sh
69. Their knowledge
20. Zebra
21. Kavitha
En g 70. His Idea
71. Our school
22. Oxen
23. Men
k en 2 3 9
72. Their hostel
73. My wife
24. Woman
25. Lady p o
S 904 95 74. Your teaching
75. His work
26. Jack and Jill
m u 3
76. Her maintainance
27. Hill
28. Mountains
Ra l : 9 77. Her performance
78. Our juniors
29. Simla
30. Cities
Cel 79. His weakness
80. Today
31. Rubber 81. Last days
32. Ball 82. Sound
33. Bells 83. Books
34. Love 84. Doors
35. Officer 85. Bucket
36. Carpenter 86. Lock
37. Jhony 87. Charger
38. Screw 88. T.V.
39. I 89. C.Ds
40. We 90. Boys
41. You 91. Children
42. They 92. Music
43. These 93. Scissors
44. Soil 94. Time
45. Water 95. Diamond
46. Stones 96. Gold
47. Internet 97. Silver
48. Wire 98. Clothes
49. Question 99. Power
50. Answers. 100. Cell phones

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Check the answers
1. Raja 3rd person singular 51. Keys 3rd person plural
2. He 3rd person singular 52. Mouses 3rd person plural
3. Sangeetha 3rd person singular 53. Paper 3rd person singular
4. Mohan 3rd person singular 54. Those 3rd person plural
5. Buses 3rd person plural 55. They 3rd person plural
6. Cars. 3rd person plural 56. I 1st person singular

7. Lorries 3rd person plural 57. We 1st person plural
8. Rats 3rd person plural 58. Rani 3rd person singular
9. The sun 3rd person singular 59. Sreedhar 3rd person singular
10. The stars 3rd person plural 60. Blood 3rd person singular
11. Murali 3rd person singular 61. Moon 3rd person singular
12. Kiran 3rd person singular 62. Sun 3rd person singular
13. Stars 3rd person plural 63. Father 3rd person singular
14. Cows 3rd person plural 64. My father 3rd person singular
15. Knives 3rd person plural 65. Your sisters 3rd person plural
16. wife 3rd person singular 66. His cousins 3rd person plural
17. Computer 3rd person singular 67. Their temple 3rd person singular
18. Sreedhar 3rd person singular 68. Our House 3rd person singular
19. A and B 3rd person plural
li sh
69. Their knowledge 3rd person singular
3rd person singular
20. Zebra
21. Kavitha
3rd person singular
n
3rd person singular
E g 70. His Idea
71. Our school 3rd person singular
3rd person singular
22. Oxen
23. Men
k n
3rd person plural
e
3rd person plural
2 3 9
72. Their hostel
73. My wife 3rd person singular
24. Woman
25. Lady p o
S 904 95
3rd person singular
3rd person singular
74. Your teaching
75. His work
3rd person singular
3rd person singular
26. Jack and Jill
u
3rd person plural
m 3
76. Her maintainance 3rd person singular
27. Hill
28. Mountains
Ra : 9
3rd person singular
3rd person plural
l
77. Her performance
78. Our juniors
3rd person singular
3rd person plural
29. Simla
30. Cities
Cel
3rd person singular
3rd person plural
79. His weakness
80. Today
81. Last days
3rd person singular
3rd person singular
3rd person plural
31. Rubber 3rd person singular
32. Ball 3rd person singular 82. Sound 3rd person singular
33. Bells 3rd person plural 83. Books 3rd person plural
34. Love 3rd person singular 84. Doors 3rd person plural
35. Officer 3rd person singular 85. Bucket 3rd person singular
36. Carpenter 3rd person singular 86. Lock 3rd person singular
37. Jhony 3rd person singular 87. Charger 3rd person singular
38. Screw 3rd person singular 88. T.V. 3rd person singular
1st person singular 89. C.Ds 3rd person plural
39. I
1st person plural 90. Boys 3rd person plural
40. We
2nd person plural 91. Children 3rd person plural
41. You
3rd person plural 92. Music 3rd person singular
42. They
3rd person plural 93. Scissors 3rd person plural
43. These
3rd person singular 94. Time 3rd person singular
44. Soil
3rd person singular 95. Diamond 3rd person singular
45. Water
3rd person plural 96. Gold 3rd person singular
46. Stones
3rd person singular 97. Silver 3rd person singular
47. Internet
3rd person singular 98. Clothes 3rd person plural
48. Wire
99. Power 3rd person singular
49. Question 3rd person singular
100. Cell phones 3rd person plural
50. Answers. 3rd person plurals

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The Most Important Pronouns ( Persons )
á |ü<ë\qT MT H√{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç
H˚qT I Hê~ My
y˚TeTT
We e÷~ Our
˙e⁄ You
˙~ Your
MTs¡T You
MT~ Yours
n‘·&ÉT ( Ç‘·&ÉT ) He
ÄyÓT ( áyÓT ) She n‘·&ç~ , Ç‘·&ç~ His
n~ ( Ç~ ) It ÄyÓT~ , áyÓT~ Her
n~ ( <ä÷s¡+ ) That <ëì~ , Bì~ Its
Ç~ ( <ä>∑Zs¡ ) This yê{Ï~ , M{Ï~ lishTheir
n$ ( <ä÷s¡+) They ( those ) n g
Ç$ ( <ä>∑Zs¡) They ( these ) en E
yê{Ï$ , M{Ï$ Their
kyê]$ , M]$ 2 39Their

yês¡T ( Ms¡T ) They po 95
u S 904
am 93
R Mell : H˚y˚THy˚˚ ....T ....Hêe÷n+‘·n+‘·≈£î ≈H˚£îHy˚˚ ...Ty˚T...
qqTï My-self
eTeTà*ï Ce Us
Our-selves
˙y˚ ....... ˙ n+‘·≈£î ˙y˚ ... Your-self
MTπs ... MT n+‘·≈£î MTπs..... Your-selves
ìqTï You
n‘·&˚ ...... n‘·&É+‘·≈£î n‘·&˚ Him-self
$TeTà*ï You Ç‘·&˚ .... Ç‘·&É+‘·≈£î Ç‘·&˚ .... Him-self
Äy˚T .... ÄyÓT+‘·≈£î Äy˚T..... Her-self
n‘·ìï , Ç‘·ìï Him áy˚T .... áyÓT+‘·≈£î áy˚T... Her-self
ÄyÓTì , áyÓTì Her n<˚ .... <ëHÓ+‘·≈£î n<˚ ..... It-self
Ç<˚ .... BHÓ+‘·≈£î Ç<˚ ..... It-self
<ëìì , Bìì It ny˚ .... yê≥+‘·≈£î ny˚ ...... Them-selves
Çy˚ .... M≥+‘·≈£î Çy˚ ...... Them-selves
yê{Ïì , M{Ïì Them
yêπs ....yês¡+‘·≈£î yêπs ...... Them-selves
yê]ì , M]ì Them Mπs .... Ms¡+‘·≈£î Mπs ......... Them-selves

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10 Kinds of Pronouns
Ç+^¢wt˝À düs¡«HêeTeTT\qT 10 s¡ø±\T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T.
1. Personal Pronouns. 1. |üs¡‡q˝Ÿ ÁbıHÍHé‡.
2. Demonstrative Pronouns. 2. &Óe÷HéÁùdº{Ïyé ÁbıHÍHé‡.
3. Relative Pronouns. 3. ]˝Ò{Ïyé ÁbıHÍHé‡.

is h
4. Ç+≥sê¬>n{Ïg yé ÁblıHÍHé‡.
4. Interrogative Pronouns.
n E 9
k e 2
o 5. ]ô|ò¢ø4Ï‡yé9ÁbıHÍHé
5 ‡. 3
5. Reflexive Pronouns. Sp
m u 3 9 0
R a : 9
6. Indefinite Pronouns.ll 6. Ç+&Óô|òHÓ{Ÿ ÁbıHÍHé‡.
C e
7. Distributive Pronouns. 7. &çdtÁ{Ïã÷´{Ïyé ÁbıHÍHé‡.
8. Possesive Pronouns. 8. bıôddæyé ÁbıHÍHé‡
9. Reciprocal Pronouns. 9. ¬sdæÁb˛ø£˝Ÿ ÁbıHÍHé‡
10. Impersonal Pronouns. 10. Ç+|üs¡‡q˝Ÿ ÁbıHÍHé‡.

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1. Personal - Pronouns
eTqTwüß´\≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫q Pronouns \qT Personal - Pronouns nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ ...
n$ 3 s¡ø±\T>± ñqï$ ....
1. First -Person ... 2. Second - Person 3. Third - Person
1. First -Person ... H˚qT ... Hê≈£î .... dü+u+~Û+∫q |ü<ë\T ...
e÷{≤¢&˚ e´øÏÔøÏ dü+ã+~Û+∫q .... düs¡«HêeTeTT\T ... ñ<ë ..
I - H˚qT
We - y˚TeTT ( eTqeTT )
Me - qqTï , Hê≈£î
Us - eTeTTà\qT , eTeTà*ï
My , Mine - Hê jÓTTø£ÿ , Hê~
Our , Ours - e÷ jÓTTø£ÿ , e÷~
l is h
E n g
2. Second -Person ... ˙e⁄ ...MTs¡T .... m<äT{Ïe
k n dü+uÛÑ+~Û2+∫q39|ü<ë\T ...
yê]øÏ
S 904 o
¬s+&Ée e´≈£îÔ \≈£î ... m<äT{Ïyê]øÏ .. dü+pã+~Û+∫q .... düs¡«9 5
HêeTeTT\T ... ñ<ë ..
You - ˙e⁄ , MTs¡T
m u 3
You - ìqTï , $TeTà*a
R ï
l : 9
Your - ˙~ , ˙ jÓTTø£ÿ
C e l
Yours - MT~ ... MT jÓTTø£ÿ
3. Third -Person ... n‘·&TÉ ... ÄyÓT ... n~ ....yês¡T ... y˚s
π yê]øÏ dü+uÛ+Ñ ~Û+∫q |ü<ë\T ...
eT÷&Ée e´≈£îÔ\≈£î ... dü+ã+~Û+∫q .... düs¡«HêeTeTT\T ... ñ<ë ..
He - n‘·&ÉT , Ç‘·&ÉT .... She - ÄyÓT , áyÓT It - n~ , Ç~ They - yês¡T , Ms¡T
Him - n‘·ìï , Ç‘·ìï Her - ÄyÓTì , áyÓTì It - <ëìì , Bìì Them - yê]ì , M]ì
His - n‘·ì~ , Ç‘·ì~ Her - ÄyÓT~ , áyÓT~ It’s - <ëì~ , Bì~ Their - yê]~ , M]~
His ` n‘·ì jÓTTø£ÿ Her `ÄyÓT jÓTTø£ÿ It’s` <ëì jÓTTø£ÿ Their` yê] jÓTTø£ÿ
Ç‘·ì jÓTTø£ÿ áyÓT jÓTTø£ÿ Bì jÓTTø£ÿ M] jÓTTø£ÿ

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2. Demonstrative - Pronouns
Demonstrative n+fÒ ... düŒwüº+>± #·÷|æ+#·T nì ns¡ú+

edüTÔe⁄\qT ... e´≈£îÔ\qT #·÷|æ+#·&ÜìøÏ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚ Pronouns düs¡«HêeTeTT\qT
Demonstrative - Pronouns nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ ...
Ç$ eTTK´+>± 6 |ü<ë\T>± ñHêïsTT ....

This , That , These , Those , Such , So
eTq≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ... n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ... eTq≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ... n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ...ñqï
ñqï ˇπø edüTÔe⁄qT #·÷|ædü÷Ô #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ #ê˝≤ edüTÔe⁄\qT #·÷|ædü÷Ô #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
Ç~
This - These - Ç$
This is a pen. Ç~ ˇø£ ô|qTï. isÇ$hô|qTï\T.
These are pens.
g l
n . Ç$ Hê |ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT\T
This is my book . Ç~ Hê |ü⁄düÔø£eTT These
n E
are my books
9
k e 2 3
eTq≈£î <ä÷s¡+>± ... ñqï<ëììS ... po 4 9
eTq≈£î 5
<ä÷s¡+>± ... ñqï
... #Óu
ˇπø edüTÔe⁄qT #·÷|ædaü÷Ôm |üŒ&ÜìøÏ 93 90edüTÔe⁄qT #·÷|ædü÷Ô ... #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
#ê˝≤
R- n~ ll : Those - n$
That
e
That is a pen. n~C ˇø£ ô|qTï. Those are pens. n$ ô|qTï\T.
That is my book . n~ Hê |ü⁄düÔø£eTT Those are my books . n$ Hê |ü⁄düÔø£eTT\T.
ø=ìï dü+<Ûäsê“¤\˝À ø=+<ä]ì ø=ìï dü+<Ûäsê“¤\˝À ø=+<ä]ì

#·÷|ædü÷Ô ... #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ #·÷|ædü÷Ô ... #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
Such - n˝≤+{Ï So - n˝≤+{Ï
I never saw such a person. I never think so ...
n˝≤+{Ï e´øÏÔì H˚HÓqï&É÷ #·÷&É˝Ò<äT . n˝≤ H˚HÓ|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Ä˝À∫+#·qT ...
Such persons are dangerous . I hope you do so...
n˝≤+{Ï e´≈£îÔ\T #ê˝≤ Á|üe÷<Ûäø£s¡eTT. ˙e⁄ n˝≤ #˚kÕÔe⁄ nì Ä•düT‘·HêïqT.

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3. Relative - Pronouns
Relative n+fÒ ... ªª dü+ã+<ÛäeTT µµ nì ns¡ú+ ...
¬s+&ÉT yêø±´\qT ø£\T|ü⁄‘·÷ eTT+<äTqï HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\≈£î nqTe⁄>± ì\ã&ç ñ+&˚
Pronouns düs¡«HêeTeTT\H˚ ... Relative - Pronouns nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ ...

Who , Which , whose , Whom , that , as , but
The person + who stood there is my old teacher.
Noun ˇø£ e´øÏÔ + me¬s’‘˚ ... nø£ÿ&É ì\ã&Ü¶&√ n‘·&ÉT e÷ bÕ‘· {°#·s¡T. Who
+
Who The girl + who saved you is my sister. me¬s’‘˚ ...
ˇø£ ne÷àsTT + me¬s’‘˚ ... ìqTï s¡øÏå+∫+<√ ... ÄyÓT Hê #Ó˝…¢\T.
The book + which I saw is Raju’s
Noun
+
ˇø£ |ü⁄düÔø£eTT + @<Ó’‘˚ ... H˚qT #·÷XÊH√ n~ sêE~.
l shWhich
i @<Ó’‘˚
Which The call + which I got is from my father.
ˇø£ ø±˝Ÿ + @<Ó’‘˚ Hê≈£î e∫Ã+<√ ... n~ e÷ Hêqï >±] E qT+&çn
.
g
....k eÔ nÇ‘·&˚ 5239Whose
This is the person + whose daughter I married.
me] ≈£L‘·T]ï H˚qT ô|[¢#˚düT≈£îHêïH√o Ä e´øÏ
Noun
+ S p 049
Whose u .... Ä e´øÏÔ n‘·3&˚.9
That is the person + whose house I bought.
me] Ç+{ÏHÓ’‘˚ m me]<Ó’‘˚
R a l:9
H˚qT ø=HêïH√
ø£l*XÊyÓ÷ Ä e´øÏÔ áj·TH˚ .

This is the man + whom we met in the train.
Noun
+ C e
eTq+ me]HÓ’‘˚ ¬s’fi¯ó˝À Whom
Whom That is the old man + whom the police arrested.
me]HÓ’‘˚ b˛©düT\T n¬sdtº #˚dæ ñ+&çs√ Ä eTTdü*yê&ÉT n‘·&˚.
me]HÓ’‘˚
The cooker + that I bought here is not working.
Noun @<Ó’‘˚ H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É ø=HêïH√ Ä ≈£îø£ÿsY |üì#˚j·TfÒ¢<äT. That
+
That The school + that I studied in is the best.
<˚ì˝ÀHÓ’‘˚ H˚qT #·~yêH√ n<˚ ã&ç #ê˝≤ eT+∫~.
@<Ó’‘˚
It was not a nice place + as I expected.
Noun H˚qqTø=qï≥Tº Ä düú\eTT n+‘·>± u≤>√˝Ò<äT. as
+
as I went to that place + as you directed.
˙e⁄ m˝≤ <ë]ì #ÓbÕŒy√ n˝≤π> Ä düú˝≤ìøÏ yÓfi≤flqT.
m˝≤¬>’‘˚
There is no amount + but they went outside.
Noun &ÉãT“\T ˝Òø£b˛sTTq ø±˙... yês¡T ãj·T{ÏøÏ yÓfi≤fls¡T. but
+
but There is no rose + but has a thom.
nø£ÿ&É s√C≤ |ü⁄e⁄« ˝Ò<äT ø±˙ ... ˇø£ eTTfi¯ófl ñ+~.
ø±˙
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4. Interrogative - Pronouns
Interrogative n+fÒ ... ªª Á|üXÊïs¡úø£eTT
µµ nì ns¡ú+ ...
Á|üX¯ï\qT n&ÉT>∑T≥≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T Pronouns düs¡«HêeTeTT\qT
Interrogative - Pronouns nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ ...

Who , Whom , Whose ,Which & What
Who is your father ?

MT Hêqï >±s¡T mes¡T ? Who
Who
mes¡T Who broke this pen ?
á ô|qTïqT mes¡T $s¡ø={≤ºs¡T ?
mes¡T
li sh
Whom do you punish ?
E g
n Whom
Whom ˙e⁄ me]ì •øÏåkÕÔe⁄ ?
k en 2 3 9
me]ì p o 4 95 me]ì
bÕs¡TS
Whom did they kill ?
yês¡T me]ì #·+u
m
?
39 0
R a l : 9
Whose C l
Whose pen is this ?
á |ô qTï me]~ ?e Whose
me]~ Whose house is that ? me]~
Ä Ç\T¢ me]~ ?
Which is your book ?

Which
MT |ü⁄düÔø£eTT @~ ?
Which
@~ Which do you like ?
<˚ìì ˙e⁄ Çwüº|ü&É‘êe⁄ ? @~
What do you want ?

What ˙≈£î @$T ø±yê* ? What
@$T{Ï What is in your hand ? @$T{Ï
˙ #˚‹˝À @$T ñ+~ ?

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12 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
5. Reflexive - Pronouns
@ø£ e#·qeTT˝À ñqï Personal Pronouns \≈£î “ self ” nì #˚s¡Ã&ÉeTT#˚‘·qT
ãVüQ e#·qeTT˝À ñqï Personal Pronouns \≈£î “ selves ” nì #˚s¡Ã&ÉeTT#˚‘·qT
Reflexive - Pronouns \T>± n>∑TqT....
Personal Pronoun ( Singular ) + self = Reflexive Pronoun
Personal Pronouns ( plural ) + selves = Reflexive Pronoun
I earned this amount myself.

my á &ÉãT“qT H˚H˚ dü+bÕ~+#·T≈£îHêïqT. myself
+
I got this job myself. Hê n+‘·≈£î H˚H˚
Self á ñ<Û√´>±ìï H˚H˚ ‘Ó#·TÃ≈£îHêïqT.
him
He went out himself.
li sh
+
n‘·&ÉT n‘·q+‘·≈£î n‘·H˚ ãj·T{ÏøÏ yÓ[flb˛j·÷&ÉT.
Raju married himself. E g himself
n n‘·q+‘·≈î£ n‘·&˚
Self sêE ‘·q+‘·≈£î ‘êH˚ ô|[fl#˚düTø=Hêï&ÉT. n
k e 2 3 9
her She came here herself.
ÄyÓT ‘·q+‘·≈£î ‘êH˚ Çø£S ÿ&çp
o 495 herself
+
m u øÏ e∫Ã+~.
3 90 ÄyÓT+‘·≈£î ÄyÓTH˚
Self ÄyÓRT ÄyÓaT+‘·≈î£ ÄyÓTH˚ e+≥:e+&ç
She cooked herself.
l 9 +~.
it ≈£îø£ÿ meTTø£C
e l
The dog ate the bone itself.
qT <ëq+‘·ø£<˚ ‹H˚dæ+~ . itself
+ <ëq+‘·≈£î n<˚
The fan stopped itself.
Self bòÕ´qT n<ä+‘·≈£î n<˚ Ä–b˛sTT+~.
We will study ourselves.
Our y˚TeTT e÷ n+‘·≈£î y˚Ty˚T #·<äTe⁄‘êeTT. our selves
+
Selves We can go ourselves. e÷ n+‘·≈î£ y˚Ty˚T
y˚TeTT e÷ n+‘·≈£î y˚Ty˚T yÓfi¯fl>∑\eTT.
your You are scolding yourself.
˙ n+‘·≈£î ˙y˚ ‹≥Tºø=+≥THêïe⁄. your self
+ ˙ n+‘·≈£î ˙y˚
self (or) your selves
Selves You are suffering yourselves.
MT n+‘·≈£î MTπs u≤<Ûä|ü&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T. MT n+‘·≈£î MTπs
They are talking themselves.
them yês¡+‘·≈î£ yêπs e÷{≤¢&TÉ ø=+≥THêïs¡T. them selves
+
Selves They are playing themselves. yês¡+‘·≈£î yêπs
yês¡+‘·≈î£ yêπs Ä{≤¢&TÉ ‘·THêïs¡T.

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6. Indefinite - Pronouns
Indefinite n+fÒ ... ªªK∫Ã‘·+>± ˝Òì~ ` K∫Ã‘·eTT ø±ì~ µµ nì ns¡ú+ ...
@ eTqTwüß´\ jÓTTø£ÿ ˝Òø£ edüTÔe⁄\ jÓTTø£ÿ e#·qeTT\qT
düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<√ n≥Te+{Ï Pronouns düs¡«HêeTeTT\qT
Indefinite - Pronouns \T>± #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ ....

Ç˝≤+{Ï düs¡«HêeTeTT\≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫q eTTKýÓTÆq |ü<ë\T
Somebody ø=+‘· eT+~ ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )

Anybody me«¬s’Hê ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )
Someone mes√ ˇø£s¡T ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒg
h
ã&Él˝iÒ<säT )
E n
anyone me«¬s’Hê ˇø£s¡T ( K∫Ã‘·+k >±e ....n üŒã&É3˝9
düŒwüº+>± #Ó|2 Ò<äT )
S p o 4 9 5
anything ê ... (uK∫Ã‘·+>± .... dü3Œwü9º+>±0#Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )
@<Ó’Hm
R a l:9
something @<√ ø=+‘·e....l
C ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )
other y˚πs ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )
others y˚πs yêfi¯ófl ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )
another y˚πs ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )
nobody me«s¡÷ ˝Òs¡T ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )
nothing @MT ˝Ò<äT ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )
anyone @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ÿ{Ï , me¬s’Hê ˇø£s¡T ( K∫Ã‘·+>± .... düŒwüº+>± #Ó|üŒã&É˝Ò<äT )

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7. Distributive - Pronouns
Distributive Pronouns are so called because they refer to Persons or things
considered individually , that is one at a time and not collectively .
ˇø=ø£ÿ düeTj·TeTT˝À ˇø=ÿø£ÿì>±H˚ |ü]>∑DÏ+#·ã&ÉT e´≈£îÔ\qT >±ì , edüTÔe⁄\qT >±˙
dü÷∫+#·T yê{Ïì
Distributive - Pronouns \T>± #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ ....
Each , Either , Neither , Everybody
Each ` Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿs¡T .... ˇø£ÿs¡T
Each of the boys is given a pen .

l ish
g
n q~
u≤\Ts¡˝À Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ]ø° ( ˇø=ø£ÿ u≤\T&çøÏ ) ˇø£ ô|qTïEÇe«ã&ç
Either ` @ ˇø£ÿ¬s’Hê ... @ ˇø£ÿf…ÆHê ok en 2 3 9
S 904p 9 5
Either of the girls willu 3
a m win.
Rÿ¬s’Hê ¬>\TkÕÔlls¡T .: 9
u≤*ø£\˝À @ ˇø£
C e
Neither ` @ ˇø£ÿs¡÷
Neither of them helps us.
yê]˝À @ ˇø£ÿs¡÷ e÷≈£î düVü‰j·TeTT #Ój·T´s¡T .

Everybody ` Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿs¡T
Everybody has his own problems.
Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ]øÏ ‘·eT kı+‘· düeTdü´\T ñ+{≤sTT .

Please Distributive - Pronouns \T m|üŒ{Ï¬ø’Hê ... @ø£e#·qeTT˝ÀH˚ ...ñ+{≤sTT.
Note ø±ã{Ïº ... @ø£e#·qeTT˝Àì ÁøÏj·T\H˚ yê&Ée˝…qT

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8. Possessive - Pronouns
Possess n+fÒ ... ªª #Ó+~q ` #Ó+~q≥Te+{Ï µµ nì ns¡ú+
me]~ .... me] jÓTTø£ÿ nH˚ Á|üX¯ï\≈£î eTq+ Ç#˚Ã düs¡«HêeT düe÷<Ûëqy˚T
Possessive - Pronouns \T>± #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ ....

my......... Hê jÓTTø£ÿ mine......... Hê~
our........ e÷ jÓTTø£ÿ ours........ e÷~ , eTq~
your....... ˙ jÓTTø£ÿ yours....... ˙~ , MT~
his........ n‘·&ç jÓTTø£ÿ his........ n‘·&~ç
her........ ÄyÓT jÓTTø£ÿ her........ ÄyÓT~
its.......... <ëìjÓTTø£ÿ its.......... <ëì~
their..... yê] jÓTTø£ÿ yê]~
l i s h
their.....
eTTKýÓTÆq $wüj·TeTT ... E n g

k e n 2 3 9
p
Possesive case ˝À ñ+&˚ ... Pronouns
S 904 o 9
.... Adjectives 5 \≈£î düe÷qeTT ....
ø±ì yê{Ï˝À ... minea,m u 3
R l : 9
hers , ours , yours ... nqTq$
Adjectives \T>± Nounse l

C \T>± rdüTø=qã&Ée⁄ ... ø±ã{Ïº ... yê{Ïì
Possesive Pronouns .... nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ ... ø±düÔ á yêø±´\qT >∑eTì+#·+&ç ...
Possesive - Adjectives Possesive - Pronouns

That is my pen . n~ Hê ô|qTï . That pen is mine . Ä ô|qTï Hê~.
Çø£ÿ&É my nH˚ |ü<äeTT ... ô|qTï nH˚ Noun >∑T]+∫ Çø£ÿ&É mine ... nH˚ |ü<äeTT
$ùw+>± e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘√+~... ô|qTï >∑T]+∫ #Ó|æŒq≥Tº+~... Hê~ nì &Ó’¬sø˘º >± ‘Ó*j·TCÒk˛Ô+~ ..
ø±ã{Ïº Çø£ÿ&É my ...ˇø£ Possesive adjective...... ø±ã{Ïº Çø£ÿ&É mine ˇø£ Possesive Pronoun.
That is their house . n~ yê] Ç\T¢ . That house is theirs. Ä Ç\T¢ yê]~.
Çø£ÿ&É their ...ˇø£ Possesive adjective...... Çø£ÿ&É their ˇø£ Possesive Pronoun.
Adjectives nH˚ {≤|æø˘ ˝À M{Ï >∑T]+∫ Ç+ø± $wüj·÷\T ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+ ... düπsHê ...

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9. Reciprocal - Pronouns
Reciprocal - Pronoun denotes a mutual action.
It expresses a mutual or reciprocal relationship.
|üs¡düŒs¡eTT ... ˇø£]ø=ø£s¡T ø£*dæ ˇø£ |üì #˚j·TT#·Tqï≥Tº ‘Ó*ù| |ü<ë\H˚
Reciprocal - Pronouns \T>± #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ ....

Each other -ˇø£]‘√ ˇø£s¡T
One another - ˇø£]ø=ø£s¡T
Each other ` ˇø£]‘√ ˇø£s¡T

l is h
Raja and Ravi fought with each other.
E n g
n &Üs¡T . 239
sêC≤ eT]j·TT s¡$ ˇø£]‘√ ˇø£s¡T ( ø£*dæk)eø={≤¢
p o 9 5
4 other.
Gopal and his brother didS 0
u 9
this work with
3
each
>√bÕ˝Ÿ eT]j·R am
TT n‘· :
&ç ‘·eTTà&ÉT ˇø£
l ]9‘√ ˇø£s¡T ( ø£*dæ ) á |üìì #˚XÊs¡T.
e l
C with each other.
Geeta and Rani helped
^‘· eT]j·TT sêDÏ ˇø£]‘√ ˇø£s¡T ( ø£*dæ ) düVü‰j·TeTT #˚düTø=Hêïs¡T.

One another ` ˇø£]ø=ø£s¡T ( ˇø£]H=ø£s¡T )
Raja and Ravi fought one onether.
sêC≤ eT]j·TT s¡$ ˇø£]H=ø£s¡T ( ø£*dæ ) ø={≤¢&ÉT≈£îHêïs¡T.

Gopal and his brother did this work one onether.
>√bÕ˝Ÿ eT]j·TT n‘·&ç ‘·eTTà&ÉT ˇø£]H=ø£s¡T ( ø£*dæ ) á |üìì #˚düTø=Hêïs¡T.

Geeta and Rani helped one onether.
^‘· eT]j·TT sêDÏ ˇø£]H=ø£s¡T ( ø£*dæ ) düVü‰j·T|ü&Ü¶s¡T.

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10. Impersonal - Pronouns
yê‘êes¡DeTT >∑T]+∫ ø±˙ .... düeTj·÷ìï >∑T]+∫ ø±˙ .... #Ó|ü⁄Œq|ü⁄Œ&ÉT

“It”
Impersonal - Pronoun qT ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔs¡T ....
Time ` düeTj·÷ìï #Óù|Œ≥T|ü⁄Œ&ÉT

Now , It is six o’clock.......... Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT 6 >∑+≥\T nsTT´+~ ...
Now , It is my turn................ Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Hê e+‘·T .

i s h
ô|’ yêø±´\˝À “It” ˇø£ Impersonal - Pronoun
E n gl of Time...
k e n DeTT2>∑T]+∫
` yê‘êes¡ 3 9#Ó|ù Œ≥T|ü⁄Œ&ÉT
Atmosphere or about the weather
p o
S yê‘êes¡ 9 5
4 ≈£L˝Ÿ >± ñ+~ .
u
It is very cool today.......
m
ás√E
3 9 0
DeTT#ê˝≤
a
Rtoday. ..... lás√E
It is very hot
l 9
: yê‘êes¡DeTT#ê˝≤ y˚&ç>± ñ+~ .
ô|’ yêø±´\˝À “It” C ˇø£eImpersonal - Pronoun of weather.
‘·s¡Tyê‘· e#˚Ã HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\≈£î >±˙ ... düs¡«HêeTeTT\≈£î ø±˙ ...
ˇ‹Ô #Ó|ü⁄Œ≥≈£î “It” nH˚ düs¡«HêeTeTTqT ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e#·TÃ ....
Ç˝≤+{Ï dü+<Ûäsê“¤\˝À .... “It” nH˚ düs¡«HêeTeTTqT
n˙ï e#·qeTT\≈£î ... n˙ï *+>∑eTT\≈£î ... n+<ä] eTqTwüß´\≈£î
≈£L&Ü ... ñ|üj÷Ó –+#·e#·TÃ ....
It is I who wanted it . n~ ø±yê*‡+~ Hêπø ...
It is they who bougtht it . n~ ø=qï~ yêπs ...
It is Ravi who encouraged me . qqTï Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+∫+~ s¡$H˚ ....

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li sh
En g
k en 2 3 9
p o
S 904 95
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel

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Spoken English
Book - 6
Verbs
Main - Verbs
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
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Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
RISE
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239

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Verb ( ÁøÏj·T ` eTq+ #˚ùd |üì )
Verb is an action Verb .... nq>± .... ÁøÏj·T ` eTq+ #˚ùd |üì
eTq+ #˚ùd @ |üìHÓ’Hê ‘Ó\T>∑T˝À ÁøÏj·T ` Ç+^¢wt Verb nì n+{≤s¡T ...
M{Ïì Ç+^¢wt ˝À 2 uÛ≤>±\T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T ....
1. Main Verbs ( eTTKýÓTÆq ÁøÏj·T\T ) 2. Helping Verbs ( düVü‰j·Tø£ ÁøÏj·T\T )
Main Verbs ( eTTKýÓTÆq ÁøÏj·T\T ) Helping Verbs ( düVü‰j·Tø£ ÁøÏj·T\T)

Be - Forms
yÓfi¯ófl≥ Going
li s h
e#·TÃ≥ Coming is En
g
Present - Past - Future
n Was 9Will be
‘Á ê>∑T≥ Drinking ok e am
5 2 3
p
S 904 are 9 Were
m u
H˚sT¡ Ãø=qT≥ Learning 3
a
ø=≥Tº≥ RBeating l : 9 Have - Forms
C el
bÕ&ÉT≥ Singing Present - Past - Future
#·<äTe⁄≥ Reading Have Had Will

have
m>∑Ts¡T≥ Jumping Has
ø£<Tä \T≥ Moving
Future - Forms
ô|≥Tº≥ Keeping
Future --- Future Past
q&ÉT#·T≥ Walking
Will Would
n&ÉT>∑T≥ Asking Shall Should
Can Could
|ü]>¬ ‘·T≥Ô Running May Might

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Rise Spoken English
2 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Main -Verbs
( eTTKýÓTÆq ` ÁøÏj·T\T )
eTq+ #˚ùd @ |üìHÓ’Hê ... ÁøÏj·T .... nì n+{≤s¡T...
Ç+^¢wt uÛ≤wü˝À ... Verbs ... nì n+{≤s¡T
eTq≈£î ‘Ó*j·T≈£î+&ÜH˚
eTq+ mH√ï |üqT\qT #˚dü÷Ô ñ+{≤+....
yê≥ìï+{Ï .... ˝…ø£ÿ \T y˚dü÷Ô yÓfi‚Ô ....

sh
˝…ø£ÿô|≥º˝Òqìï ... y˚\≈£î .... ô|’>± ....|üqT\Tli.....
E n g
ÁøÏj·T\T ... ñHêïsTT...
e n 3 9
◊‘˚ ... ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ|ü⁄ S ok 52
<äXp¯˝À .. n˙ï H˚4s9¡TÃø√e\dæq
m u 3 9 0
nedü
R as¡e TT ˝Ò<
l
äT....
: 9
n+<ä Tø£ì ... ø£˙ dü+
e l
eTq+ #˚ùd ... düVCü≤»+>± ... 200 |üqT\T ÁøÏj·T\ <ëø±
200 - Main -Verbs
200 eTTKýÓTÆq ÁøÏj·T\qT H˚s¡TÃ≈£î+fÒ ... #ê\T....
ø±ã{Ïº ... 200 ` ÁøÏj·T\qT Ç+^wt ˝À @eT+{≤s√ ...
nsêú\‘√ düVü‰
yê{Ïì |üP]Ô>± ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚dæ eTØ H˚s¡TÃ≈£î+<ë+....
yê{Ï e\¢ m+‘· ˝≤uÛÑyÓ÷ eTT+<äT eTT+<äT
eTqπø .... ns¡úeTe⁄‘·T+<äT.
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Rise Spoken English
3 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
ÁøÏ+<ä ñqï ÁøÏj·T\qT MT H√{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã +‘· es¡≈£î ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚dü÷Ô H˚s¡TÃø√+&ç
eTTKýÓTqÆ øÁ j
Ï T· \T Main Verbs eTTKýÓTqÆ øÁ j
Ï T· \T
ìÁ<ä˝Ò#·T≥ Getting up from the bed ¬>{Ïº+>¥ n|t Á|òüyéT <ä u…&é
|üfi¯ófl ‘√eTT≥ Brushing the teeth Áãwæ+>¥ <ä {°‘Y
yÓTTK+ ø£&ÉTø=ÿqT≥ Washing the face yêwæ+>¥ <ä ù|òdt
kÕïqeTT #˚j·TT≥ Having the bath Vü‰´$+>¥ <ä u≤‘Y
|üP» #˚j·TT≥ Praying Áù|sTT+>¥
{Ï|òæHé #˚j·TT≥ Having the break-fast Vü‰´$+>¥ <ä ÁuÒø˘ `bòÕdtº
bÕ\T ‘ê>∑T≥ Drinking milk Á&ç+øÏ+>¥ $T˝Ÿÿ
yÓfi¯ófl≥ Going >√sTT+>¥
#·<äTe⁄ ø=qT≥ Studying düº&çsTT+>¥
#·<Tä e⁄≥ Reading Ø&ç+>¥
$qT≥ Listening *»ì+>¥
H˚s¡TÃø=qT≥ Learning \]ï+>¥
uÀ»qeTT #˚j·TT≥ Having the meals Vü‰´$+>¥ <ä MT˝Ÿ‡

sêj·TT≥ Writing s¬ {’ +Ï >¥
u§eTàqT ^#·T≥ Drawing the picture Á&ÜsTT+>¥ <ä |æø£ÃsY
Ä&ÉT≥ Playing ù|¢sTT+>¥
|ü]¬>‘·TÔ≥
i
Running
l sh s¡ìï+>¥
ì\ã&ÉT≥
≈£Ls=Ã+&ÉT≥
Eng
Standing
Sitting
kÕº+&ç+>¥
dæ{+Ïº >¥
e#·TÃ≥
m>∑Ts¡T≥ k enComing
2
Jumping3 9 ø£$T+>¥
»+|æ+>¥
e÷{≤¢&ÉT≥ ( ˇø£]øÏ $T+∫ )
S o
p 049 5
Talking {≤øÏ+>¥
d”ŒøÏ+>¥
>∑Ts¡TÔ #˚düTø=qT≥
mu
e÷{≤¢&ÉT≥ ( ˇø£πs e÷{≤¢&ç‘˚ )
39 Speaking
Remembering ]yÓT+ã]+>¥
eT]Ãb˛e⁄≥
yÓ÷j·TT≥ Ra ll : 9 Forgetting
Carrying
|òs¬ü {Z +Ï >¥
ø±´]sTT+>¥
‘Ós¡T#·T≥
eT÷j·TT≥
$düTs¡T≥
Ce Opening
Closing
Throwing
z|üì+>¥
ø√¢õ+>¥
Á‘√sTT+>¥
Ç#·TÃ≥ Giving –$+>¥
rdüTø=qT≥ Taking fÒø+Ï >¥
|üì #˚j·TT≥ Working e]ÿ+>¥
{°.M. #·÷#·T≥ Watching T.V yê∫+>¥ {°.$.
ø={≤¢&ÉT≥ ( <Óã“˝≤&ÉT≥) Fighting |ô {’ò +Ï >¥
ø={≤¢&ÉT≥ ( ns¡T#·Tø=qT≥ ) Quarrelling ø±«s¡*+>¥
qe⁄«≥ ( >∑{Ïº>± ) Laughing ˝≤|òæ+>¥
@&ÉTÃ≥ ( >∑{Ïº>± ) Crying Áø£sTT´+>¥
~>∑T≥ ( ÁøÏ+~øÏ ~>∑T≥ ) Coming down ø£$T+>¥ &ÍHé
m≈£îÿ≥ ( ô|’øÏ m≈£îÿ≥ ) Climbing up ¬ø’¢+_+>¥ n|t
#·+|ü⁄≥ Killing øÏ*+¢ >¥
eTs¡DÏ+#·T≥ ( #·ìb˛e⁄≥ ) Dieing &ÉsTT´+>¥
»ìà+#·T≥ ( |ü⁄≥Tº≥ ) Taking Birth fÒøÏ+>¥ uÛÑsYÔ
ø√|üeTT |ü&ÉT≥ Angrying j·÷+Á–sTT+>¥
∫s¡Tqe⁄« qe⁄«≥ ( ˝À˝À|ü˝Ò ) Smiling düàsTT*+>¥
≈£î$T* ≈£î$T* @&ÉTÃ≥ ( ˝À˝À|ü˝Ò ) Weeping M|æ+>¥
ìÁ~+#·T≥ Sleeping d”¢|æ+>¥
ø£\\T ø£qT≥ Dreaming &Á $û T+>¥
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Rise Spoken English
4 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Ï T· \T
ø£ì|æ+#·T≥ Seeming d”$T+>¥
ã≥º\T ñ‘·T≈£î≥ Washing the clothes yêwæ+>¥ <ä ø√¢‘Y‡
es¡¸+ |ü&ÉT≥ Raining πssTTì+>¥
ñ<äsTT+#·T≥ Rising s¬ õ’ +>¥
ndüÔ$T+#·T≥ Setting dô {Ï+º >¥
‘·j·÷s¡T #˚j·TT≥ Preparing Á|æù|]+>¥
ø√j·TT≥ Cutting ø£{+ºÏ >¥
ô|≥Tº≥ Putting |ü⁄{Ï+º >¥
uÛÑj·T|ü&ÉT≥ Fearing |òæj·T]+>¥
|æ\T#·T≥ Calling ø±*+>¥
bÕ&ÉT≥ Singing dæ+–+>¥
ø√s¡Tø=qT≥ Wishing $wæ+>¥
>ös¡$+#·T≥ Respecting ¬sôdŒøÏº+>¥

nee÷ì+#·T≥ Insulting Çq‡*º+>¥
Áù|$T+#·T≥ Loving \$+>¥
Çwüº|ü&ÉT≥ Liking ˝…’øÏ+>¥
<˚«•+#·T≥ Hating
li sh Vù ≤{Ï+>¥
‘Ó*j·TCÒj·TT≥
dü+#·]+#·T≥
Eng
Informing
Wandering
ÇHébòÕ]à+>¥
yêHé&É]+>¥
|ü+|æ+#·T≥
ø±bÕ&ÉT≥
k n
Sending
e
Saving
2 3 9 dô +&ç+>¥
dù $+>¥
$s¡ø=≥Tº≥
bı>∑‘Á ê>∑T≥ S o
p 049
Breaking
Smoking
5 ÁuÒøÏ+>¥
k˛àøÏ+>¥
∫+|ü⁄≥
mu 39
Tearing {Ïj·T]+>¥
ìX¯ÃsTT+#·Tø=qT≥
#˚s¡TÃ≥ Ra ll : 9
Deciding
Joining
&çdô &’ +ç >¥
C≤sTTì+>¥
ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T≥
•øÏå+#·T≥
düVü≤j·T+ #˚j·TT≥
Ce Using
Punishing
Helping
j·T÷õ+>¥
|üìwæ+>¥
ôV≤*Œ+>¥
‘·TeTTà≥ Sneezing d”ïõ+>¥
ã‹eT˝≤&ÉT≥ Requesting ]¬ø«dæº+>¥
Vü‰ì ø£*–+#·T≥ Hurting Vü≤]º+>¥
ˇ|ü⁄Œø=qT≥ Agreeing nÁ^sTT+>¥
|üì#˚j·TT≥ Working e]ÿ+>¥
»s¡T|ü⁄ø=qT≥ Celebrating ôd*ÁuÒ{Ï+>¥
u≤<Ûä|ü&ÉT≥ Worrying e]sTT+>¥
ñVæ≤+#·Tø=qT≥ Imagining Çe÷õì+>¥
ñrÔs¡í‘· bı+<äT≥ Passing bÕdæ+>¥
>∑s¡«|ü&ÉT≥ Prouding ÁbÂ&ç+>¥
|üØø£å\T ‘·|ü⁄Œ≥ Failing ù|òsTT*+>¥
X¯óÁuÛÑ|üs¡T#·T≥ Cleaning ø°¢ì+>¥
ãT~› #Ó|ü⁄Œ≥ Lessoning ˝…dü‡ì+>¥
#˚s¡T ø=qT≥ Reaching Ø∫+>¥
Ä˝À∫+#·T≥ Thinking ‹+øÏ+>¥
m>∑Ts¡T≥ Jumping »+|æ+>¥
‘Ó\TdüTø=qT≥ Knowing H√sTT+>¥
‘·qTï≥ Kicking øÏøÏÿ+>¥
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Ï T· \T Main Verbs eTTKýÓTqÆ øÁ jÏ T· \T
n&É¶+>± yÓfi¯ófl≥ Crossing øÁ ±dæ+>¥
nqTe÷q+ |ü&ÉT≥ Doubting &Í{Ï+>¥
$qT≥ Listening *»ì+>¥
Çwüº |ü&ÉT≥ Liking ˝…’øÏ+>¥
ø£<ä\T≥ Moving eT÷$+>¥
e#·TÃ≥ Coming ø£$T+>¥
‹qT≥ Eating á{Ï+>¥
‘Á ê>∑T≥ Drinking Á&ç+øÏ+>¥
Äø£]¸+#·T≥ Attracting nÁ{≤øÏº+>¥
‘·|æŒ b˛e⁄≥ Missing $Tdæ‡+>¥
<ä]Ù+#·T≥ Visiting $õ{Ï+>¥
ÄVü‰«ì+#·T≥ Inviting ÇHéyÓ’{Ï+>¥
•øÏå+#·T≥ Punishing |üìwæ+>¥

dü+bÕ~+#·T≥ Earning m]ï+>¥
rdüTø=qT≥ Taking fÒøÏ+>¥
ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T≥ j·T÷õ+>¥
ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#·T≥
Using
Starting
li sh kÕº]º+>¥
ìÁ<bä ˛e⁄≥
<Ûä]+#·T≥ ng
Sleeping
E
Wearing
d”¢|æ+>¥
y˚]+>¥
ô|s¡T>∑T≥
yÓTs¡T>∑T |üs¡T#·T≥ k en
Growing
2 3 9 Á>√sTT+>¥
bÕ*wæ+>¥
Á|üe]Ô+#·T≥
nqTeT‹+#·T≥ S o 5
Polishing
p 049
Behaving _ùV≤$+>¥
|ü]à{Ï+>¥
u≤<Ûä ø£*–+#·T≥
mu 9
Permitting
3
Harming Vü‰]à+>¥
ÄdüøÏÔ ø£*– ñ+&ÉT≥
|ü&ç b˛e⁄≥ Ra ll : 9 Interesting
Falling
ÇHé≥¬sdæº+>¥
bòÕ*+>¥
X¯óÁuÛÑeTT #˚j·TT≥
ìs¡÷|æ+#·T≥
dü\Vü‰ #Ó|ü⁄Œ≥
Ce Cleaning
Proving
Advising
ø°¢ì+>¥
Á|üP$+>¥
n&éyÓ’õ+>¥
eT]∫ b˛e⁄≥ Forgetting |òü¬sZ{Ï+>¥
#˚s¡Tø=qT≥ Reaching Ø∫+>¥
u≤<Ûä |ü&ÉT≥ Suffering dü|òü]+>¥
düeTà‹+#·T≥ Accepting j·÷¬ø‡|æº+>¥
∫s¡THêe÷ sêj·TT≥ (#Ó|ü⁄Œ≥) Addressing nÁ&Édæ+>¥
dü]#˚j·TT≥ Adjusting n&É®dæº+>¥
nqTeT‹+#·T≥ Allowing n˝ÀsTT+>¥
düe÷q+ #˚j·TT≥ Balancing u≤´˝…ì‡+>¥
j·TT<ä›eTT #˚j·TT≥ Battling u≤´{Ï¢+>¥
e÷s¡T≥ Changing #˚+õ+>¥
n&ÉTø=ÿqT≥ Begging u…–Z+>¥
}<äT≥ Blowing uÀ¢sTT+>¥
ñ&ÉT≈£î≥ Boiling u≤sTT*+>¥
u≤<Ûä |ü&ÉT≥ Bothering u≤<Ûä]+>¥
‘Ó#·TÃ≥ Bringing Á_+–+>¥
ø£≥Tº≥ Building _*¶+>¥
ø±\TÃ≥ Burning ã]ï+>¥
ø={Ïºy˚j·TT≥ Canceling ø±´q‡*+>¥
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Rise Spoken English
6 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Ï T· \T
–#·TÃ≥ Pinching |æ+∫+>¥
Á|üe]Ô+#·T≥ Behaving _ùV≤$+>¥
|ü&bç ˛e⁄≥ Falling bòÕ*+>¥
ì+|ü⁄≥ Filling |òæ*¢+>¥
Á|üj·÷DÏ+#·T≥ Traveling {Á ≤e*+>¥
˝≤>∑T≥ Pulling |ü⁄*¢+>¥
ø=≥Tº≥ Beating ;{Ï+>¥
ø=s¡≈£î≥ Biting u…{’ +Ï >¥
‹≥Tº≥ Scolding k˛ÿ*¶+>¥
qeTTà≥ Believing _©$+>¥
Äø£]¸+#·T≥ Attracting nÁ{≤øÏ+º >¥
eTT<äT› ô|≥Tº≥ Kissing øÏd‡æ +>¥
ø£<äT\T≥ Moving eT÷$+>¥

HêX¯q+ #˚j·TT≥ Destroying &ÓdtÁ{≤sTT+>¥
nqTe÷ì+#·T≥ Doubting &Í{Ï+>¥
b˛>=≥Tº ø=qT≥ Losing \÷õ+>¥
neTTà≥ Selling
li sh ôd*¢+>¥
ø=qT≥
n|ü⁄Œ ‘Ó#·TÃø=qT≥
Buying
Lending
Eng ãsTT´+>¥
˝…+&ç+>¥
n&ÉT>∑T≥
ìs¡ísTT+#·T≥
Asking
Deciding
k en 2 3 9 Ädæÿ+>¥
&çdô &’ +ç >¥
<ë{Ï yÓfi¯ófl≥ Crossing
ˇø£<ä>∑Z]øÏ #˚s¡T≥ (düe÷y˚X¯eT>∑T≥)
Assembling S o
p 049 5 Áø±dæ+>¥
nôd‡+_¢+>¥
B$+#·T≥
m
Blessing u 39 u…¢dæ‡+>¥
ˇ+#·T≥
á‘·˝≤&ÉT≥ R a l:9
Bending u…+&ç+>¥
dæ«$Tà+>¥
yÓ÷>∑T≥
#Ó*¢+#·T≥
Swimming
Ringing
Paying C el ]+–+>¥
ù|sTT+>¥
ø£≥Tº≥ Building _*¶+>¥
ø£qT>=qT≥ Finding |ô +’ò &ç+>¥
b˛düTº #˚j·TT≥ posting b˛dæº+>¥
|ü&ç ñ+&ÉT≥ laying ˝ÒsTT+>¥
qè‘·éTT #˚j·TT≥ Dancing &Ü´ì‡+>¥
‘·|æŒ b˛e⁄≥ Missing $Tdæ‡+>¥
ô|s¡>∑T≥ Growing Á>√sTT+>¥
<ä]Ù+#·T≥ Visiting $õ{Ï+>¥
ÄdüøÏÔ ø£*– ñ+&ÉT≥ Interesting ÇHé≥¬sdæº+>¥
yÓTT<ä\T ô|≥Tº≥ Beginning _–ì+>¥
eTT–+#·T≥ Ending mHé&ç+>¥
dü+bÕ~+#·T≥ Earning m]ï+>¥
ø£s¡TÃ ô|≥Tº≥ Spending dô Œ+&ç+>¥
<ë∫ ñ+#·T≥ Saving dù $+>¥
ñ] rj·TT≥ Hanging Vü‰´+–+>¥
ì\TÃ+&ÉT≥ Standing kÕº+&ç+>¥
|”\TÃ≥ Sucking düøÏÿ+>¥
@&ÉTÃ≥ Crying Áø£sTT´+>¥
ôd\e⁄ rdüTø=qT≥ Leaving ©$+>¥
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Rise Spoken English
7 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
My Dear Students
Ç|üŒ{Ï <ëø±
düVü≤»+>± .... eTq+ #˚ùd ... 200 |üqT\T ...
200 - Main -Verbs
200 ... eTTKýÓTÆq ÁøÏj·T\qT Ç+^wt ˝À @eT+{≤s√
nsêú\‘√ düVü‰ H˚s¡TÃ≈£îHêï+...

◊‘˚ ... eTq≈£î ... ÁøÏj·÷ |ü<ë\T ... e∫Ãq+‘· e÷Á h ‘êq
li s
Ç+^¢wt ˝À e÷{≤¢&É˝ÒeETTn...g
e n 3 9
yê{Ïì ... dü]>±Z .... |üpPo]Ôk>± .... ñ|ü9j5Ó÷2–+#·&É+
m˝≤>√ u S 9 0 4
... |üP]Ô>±9....3‘Ó\TdüTø√yê* ....
R a m :
ll
ø±ã{Ïº ...CÇ|üe⁄Œ&ÉT eTq+ H˚s¡TÃø√yê*‡+~ ...
n‹ eTTKýÓTÆq $wüj·T+
Time & Tenses
( düeTj·TeTT ø±\eTT\T )
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Rise Spoken English
8 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Time
( düeTj·TeTT )
@ uÛ≤wüHÓ’Hê
düT\uÛÑ+>± .... nqs¡Zfi¯+>± .... e÷≥¢&Ü\+fÒ ....
eTTK´+>± .... n‹ eTTK´+>± ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê*‡q $wüjT· eTT ....

is h
düeTj·TeTT .... Ç+^¢wt ˝À TimeEnnì gln+{≤s¡T ...
ndü\T Bì >∑Tp]+∫ en 3
k‘Ó*j·9T≈£5î+&Ü 9
2 ....
S 904 o
Bì
m u Á| üy˚T j·TeTT
3 ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü .....
R a l : 9
l
@ uÛC≤wüeqT ≈£L&Ü e÷{≤¢&É˝ÒeTT .....
ø±ã{Ïº .... @ e÷Á‘·+ Ä˝À∫+#·≈£î+&Ü .... Á|üø£ÿ ù|J˝À ......

MTs¡T #·÷dù düeTj·÷ìøÏ dü+uÛ+Ñ ~+∫q n‹ eTTKýÓTqÆ |ü<ë\qT ....
MT H√{ÏøÏ düT\uÛÑ+>± e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î u≤>± ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç....
M{Ï e\¢ ˝≤uÛÑ+ eTT+<äT eTT+<äT MTπø ‘Ó\TdüTÔ+~ .....

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Rise Spoken English
9 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Tenses
ø±\eTT\T
ø±\eTT .... nq>±... düeTj·TeTT
ø±\eTT\T ( Tenses ) ñ+&˚$ ( 3 ) eT÷&ÉT
Á|üdüTÔ‘·eTT
1 Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT 1
es¡Ôe÷q ás√E Present

ø±\eTT áyê\ Tense
sh
»s¡T>∑T‘·Tqï ngl i
n 9 E
ok e 523
Spìqï
2 mu yÓTTqï390 49 2
Ra l:9
uÛÑ÷‘· Cel »]–q Past
nsTTb˛sTTq Tense
ø±\eTT eTT–dæb˛sTTq
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ
3 πs|ü⁄, m\T¢+&ç 3
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ »s¡>∑uÀj˚T{Ï
me«s¡T Future
ø±\eTT #·÷&Éì~ Tense

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Rise Spoken English
10 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
3 - Tenses - Important Words - 3 ø±\eTT\ |ü<ë\T
|Á dü Tü ‘Ô e· TT Present
ø±\eTT Tense
Á|üdüTÔ‘· ø±\eTT Present Tense
Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Now
Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ Just Now ( now only )
áyê\ Today
Present
Present áHê&ÉT Today
Tense
ás√E
á düeTj·TeTT˝À
Today
At this time
Tense H˚
es¡Ôe÷q á ø£åD+
Á|ürs√E
At this momment.
Every day
V1
ø±\eTT Á|ür yês¡eTT Every week nì
Á|ürkÕ] Every time n+{≤s¡T
ás√E ñ<äj·T+ Today morning

á s√E eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ Today afternoon
á s√E kÕj·T+Á‘·+ Today evening
á s√E sêÁ‹
‘·øDå£ y˚T
Today night
li
on the spot
sh
yÓ+≥H˚
g
Immediately
En
uÛ÷Ñ ‘·ø±\eTT
ke n
Past tense
2 3 9
n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT
n|ü⁄Œ&˚
S o
p 049
Then
5
Just then ( then only )
Past - Tense ÄHê&ÉT u

Äs√E
a m 9 3 9
That day
That day Past
uÛÑ÷‘· ø±\eTT RyÓTTqï
ìqï
b˛sTTq ( >∑e l l : Yesterday
Tense H˚
Day before yesterday
b˛sTTq C ‘· ) yês¡eTT
( >∑‘· ) HÓ\
b˛sTTq ( >∑‘· ) dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT
Last week.
Last month.
V2
Ä düeTj·TeTT˝À
Last year.
At that time.
nì
Äø£åD+˝À At that momment. n+{≤s¡T
Äs√E ñ<äj·T+ That morning.
Äs√E eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ That afternoon.
Äs√E kÕj·T+Á‘·+ That evening.
Äs√E sêÁ‹ That night.
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ Future
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À in the future.
n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Then
Futur
Futuree - Tense n|ü⁄Œ&˚ Then only
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ ` ø±\eTT Äs√E That day
πs|ü⁄ tomorrow
m\T¢+&ç Day after tomorrow.
e#˚Ã yês¡eTT Next week.
e#˚Ã HÓ\ Next month.
n‹‘=+<äs¡˝À Shortly / soon.

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Time - Words - düeTj·÷ìøÏ dü+ã+~Û+∫q |ü<ë\T
ás√E today. ‘·sê«‘· later.
|ü<Tä ø=+&ÉT HÓ\\ øÁ ‘Ï e· TT before Eleven months. Äs√E that day.
sêÁ‹ ˇ+{Ï >∑+≥øÏ night at 1 O’clock. 1447 ˝À in 1447.
eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ s¬ +&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î afternoon at 2 O’clock. s¬ +&ÉT s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· after 2 days.
Hê\T>∑T yêsê\ ‘êsê«‘· after 4 weeks. sêÁ‹ s¬ +&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î night at 2 O’clock.
ñ<äjT· + Äs¡T >∑+≥\≈£î morning at 6 O’clock. s¬ +&ÉT yêsê\ øÁ ‘Ï +· before 2 weeks.
b˛sTTq dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À in the last year. @<√ ˇø£ s√Eq on any one day.
eT÷&ÉT HÓ\\ ‘êsê«‘· after 3 months. eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ afternoon.
e#˚Ã dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À in the next year. Äs¡T s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· after 6 days.
j·÷u…’ dü+e‘·‡sê\ ‘êsê«‘· after 50 years. Ä s√E ‘·sê«‘· after that day.
ˇø±H=ø£|⁄ü Œ&ÉT Once upon a time. Ç|üŒ{Ï qT+&ç from now.
&çdô +ãs¡T HÓ\˝À in the month of December. Hê\T>∑T s√E\ øÁ ‘Ï +· before 4 days.
kÕj·T+Á‘+· ◊<äT >∑+≥\≈£î evening at 5 O’clock. n|üŒ{Ï es¡≈î£ until then ( yet ).
ˇø£ yês¡eTT øÁ ‘Ï e· TT before 1 week. ∫e] ‘˚B last date.
n|ü⁄Œ&É|⁄ü Œ&ÉT sêÁ‹ y˚fi˝¯ À¢
Often. at the night times.

n|üŒ{Ï qT+&ç from then. Ç|üŒ{Ï es¡≈î£ until now ( yet ).
◊<äT dü+e‘·‡sê\ ‘êsê«‘· after 5 years. e#˚Ã dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À in the next year.
kÕj·T+Á‘+· evening. Äs¡T HÓ\\ øÁ ‘Ï +· before 6 months.
eT÷&ÉT dü+e‘·‡sê\ ‘·sê«‘·
ñ<äjT· + ‘=$Tà~ >∑+≥\≈£î
after 3 years.
li sh
morning at 9 O’clock.
sêÁ‹ eT÷&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î
‘Ó\y¢ ês¡T C≤eTTq
night at 3 O’clock.
early morning.
#ê˝≤ s√E\ ‘·sê«‘·
s¬ +&ÉT dü+e‘·‡sê\ øÁ ‘Ï +· ng
after many days.
E
n‹ ‘=+<äs˝¡ À
á eT<Û´ä ˝À
shortly.
recently.
sêÁ‹ |üP≥
before 2 years.
en
night times.
k 2 3 9 #ê˝≤ ø±\+ ‘·sê«‘· after a long time.
ns¡s∆ êÁ‹ ( |üHïÓ +&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î )
sêÁ‹ |ü~ >∑+≥\≈£î
S o
p 049 5
mid-night ( at 12 O’clock )
night at 10 O’clock.
düø±\+˝À
◊<äT s√E\ ‘·sê«‘·
in time.
after 5 days.
ˇø£ yês¡eTT ‘·sê«‘·
mu 9
after 1 week.
3
$T≥º eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+
@&ÉT HÓ\\ øÁ ‘Ï +·
noon.( 12 P.M.)
Ra ll : 9
k˛eTyês¡eTT s√Eq on Monday. before 7 months.
yÓTTqï{ÏøÏ yÓTTqï just recently. n˙ï s√E\T all the days.
Ce
mì$T~ HÓ\\ ‘êsê«‘· after 8 months. ˇø±H=ø£|⁄ü Œ&ÉT once upon a time.
sêÁ‹ ‘=$Tà~ >∑+≥\≈£î night at 9 O’clock. |ü⁄sê‘·q ø±\+ ancient period.
∫e] s√E last day. sêÁ‹ mì$T~ >∑+≥\≈£î night at 8 O’clock.
‘=+<äs>¡ ∑ early ( soon ). Ä\dü´+>± lately.
1962 ˝À in 1962. Ä s√E˝À¢ in those days.
‘=$Tà~ HÓ\\ ‘êsê«‘· after 9 months. m|üŒ{ÏøÏ always.
b˛sTTq HÓ\ last month. ˇø£ HÓ\ ‘·sê«‘· after 1 month.
eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ afternoon. ‘=+<äs˝¡ À shortly ( soon ).
dô \e⁄ s√E holiday. Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ just now.
Äs¡T s√E\ øÁ ‘Ï e· TT before 6 days. ñ<äjT· + ◊<äT >∑+≥\≈£î morning at 5 O’clock.
Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT now. s√E s√E≈£î day -by- day.
ñ<äjT· + ‘=$Tà~ >∑+≥\≈£î Morning at 9 O’clock. düs¬ q’ düeTj·T+˝À at the correct time.
ñ<äjT· + ‘=$Tà~ >∑+≥\≈£î at 9 A.M.( Anti - Meridian) yÓTTqï day before yesterday.
eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ eT÷&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î afternoon at 3 O’clock. ‘Ó\y¢ ês¡T C≤eTTq early morning.
eT<ë´Vü≤ï+ eT÷&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î at 3 P.M.( Post - Meridian) >∑Ts¡Tyês¡eTT s√Eq on Thursday.
m\T¢+&ç day after tomorrow. @&ÉT HÓ\\ ‘·sê«‘· after 7 months.
2013 ˝À in 2013. ‘·ø£åDy˚T immediately.
ˇø±H=ø£ s√Eq once upon a day. Hê\T>∑T HÓ\\ øÁ ‘Ï +· before 4 months.
ø=+‘· dù |ü⁄ some time. m\T¢+&ç day after tomorrow.
m\¢|⁄ü Œ&ÉT always ( for ever , ever ). á s√E qT+&ç from that day.
ø±ùd|ü⁄ for a while. ø=ìï s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· after some days.
Ç+ø± ø=+‘· dù |ü⁄ some more time. øÁ e£ T+ ‘·|Œü ≈£î+&Ü regularly.

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12 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Time - Words - düeTj·÷ìøÏ dü+ã+~Û+∫q |ü<ë\T
Ç|üŒ{Ï es¡≈î£ until now. ø=ìï s√E\T some days.
ø=ìï s√E\ eTT+<äT before some days. ø=+‘· düeTj·T+ some time.
düs¬ q’ düeTj·T+˝À at the correct time. #ê˝≤ ø±\+>± for a long time.
∫e] s√E last date. Ä s√CÒ on that day only.
nqTø√≈£î+&Ü unexpectedly. ø£Då ø£Då ≤ìøÏ second to second
|üì#˚jT· T s√E\T working days. |Á rü ø£Då + every second.
Ç+‘·≈î£ eTT+<äT before. n˙ï düeTj·÷\T all the times.
eT÷&ÉT yêsê\ ‘·sê«‘· after 3 weeks. eT÷&ÉT >∑+≥\ nq+‘·s+¡ after 3 hours.
Ä s√E˝À¢ in those days. Ä düeTj·T+˝À at that time ( at that moment.)
ˇø£|⁄ü Œ&ÉT once. ø±ùd|ü⁄ a while.
|Á ‹ü s√E every day. Ç+ø±ùd|ü⁄ some more time.
1979 ˝À in 1979. á˝À|ü⁄ mean while.
‘·«s¡˝À shortly ( soon ). á eT<Û´ä ø±\+˝À recently.
m\¢|⁄ü Œ&ÉT always (ever , forever). Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT now.
nqTø√≈£î+&É>± Ç|ü⁄Œ&ç|⁄ü Œ&˚ now only.
unfortunately.
sêÁ‹ |ü~ >∑+≥\≈£î night at 10 O’clock. eè<∏ë düeTj·T+ waste time.
|ü~ s√E\ yÓq≈£ before 10 days. ø±∞ düeTj·T+ spare time.
eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ s¬ +&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î afternoon at 2 o’clock. ø√s¡T≈£îqï düeTj·T+ wished time.
Ä\dü´+>±
ì<ëq+>±
lately.
li sh eTs¡Tø£Då +
#ê*q+‘· düeTj·T+
the next second.
enough time.
øÁ e£ T+ ‘·|Œü ≈£î+&Ü
‘·ø£åDy˚T
slowly.
ng
regularly.
E
‘· – q+‘· dü
#Ó&¶É düeTj·T+
eTj·
T + enough time.
bad time.
ñ<äjT· + @&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î n
immediately.
e 3 9
morning at 7 O’clock. eT+∫ düeTj·T+
k 2
good time.
s¬ +&ÉT s√E\ ‘·sê«‘·
eTs¡Tdü{Ï s√E
S o
p 049 5
after 2 days.
the next day.
Äq+<ä|⁄ü s√E\T
Ä s√E˝À¢
happy days ( golden days).
in those days.
X¯óøÁ y£ ês¡eTT s√Eq
mu 9
on Friday.
3
|ü⁄sê‘·q ø±\+˝À
Ä<ÛTä ìø£ ø±\+˝À
in the ancient period.
Ra ll : 9
ø=+‘· ø±\+ ‘·sê«‘· after some time. in the modern days.
Hê\T>∑T HÓ\\ ‘·sê«‘· after 4 months. á eT<ä´ ø±\+˝À recently.
yêsêìøÏ ˇø£kÕ]
Ce
Äs√E qT+#˚ from that day. once in a week. (weekly )
n|ü⁄Œ&É|⁄ü Œ&ÉT often. HÓ\ø=ø£ kÕ] once in a month.( monthly )
m\T¢+&ç day after tomorrow. dü+e‘·‡sêìøÏ ˇπøkÕ] once in a year.( annually )
kÕj·T+Á‘+· evening. s√E≈£î s¬ +&ÉT kÕs¡T¢ twice a day.
düø±\+˝À in time. yêsêìøÏ eT÷&ÉT kÕs¡T¢ thrice a week.
eTs¡Tø£Då + next minute. #ê˝≤ kÕs¡T¢ so many times.
sπ |ü⁄ s¬ +&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î tomorrow at 2 O’clock. ø=ìï kÕs¡T¢ some times.
ìqï s¬ +&ÉT >∑+≥\≈£î yesterday at 2 O’clock. düs ¬ q’ düeTj·÷ìøÏ at the correct time.
ø=ìï s√E\ eTT+<äT before some days. Ä\dü´+>± lately.
Ä<ÛTä ìø£ ø±\+˝À in the modern days. eTT+<äT>± before.
|ü~ dü+e‘·‡sê\ øÁ ‘Ï +· before 10 years. ‘=+<äs˝¡ ÀH˚ shortly.
‘=+<äs˝¡ À shortly. ‘=+<ä s>
¡ ± soon ( early ).
n|üŒ{Ï es¡≈î£ until then. y˚d$ü ø±\+˝À in the summer season.
Ä~yês¡eTT s√Eq on Sunday. #·* ø±\+˝À in the winter season.
dô \e⁄ s√E˝À¢ in the holidays. yêq ø±\+˝À in the rainy season.
nqTø√≈£î+&É>± unexpectedly. dô \e⁄˝À¢ in the holidays.
yÓ+≥H˚ immediately. dô \e⁄ s√E\˝À¢ in the vacations.
e#˚yÃ ês¡eTT next week. ø±ùd|ü⁄ a while.
düeTj·T+ time. Ç+ø±ùd|ü⁄ for some more time.
#ê*q+‘· düeTj·T+ enough time. á˝À|ü⁄ mean while.
#ê˝≤ düeTj·T+ a lot of time. á eT<Û´ä ˝À mean while.
ø=~› düeTj·T+ a little time. >∑&∫ç q s√E\T Past days.

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f…qT‡\T H˚s¡TÃø√uÀj˚TeTT+<äT ø=ìï eTTKýÓTÆq $wüj·÷\T
1. @<Ó’Hê ...ˇø£ ‘Ó\T>∑T |ü<ëìøÏ ( ≥ ) nH˚ nø£åsêìï CÀ&çùdÔ ...
Ä |ü<ëìøÏ ˇø£ ns¡ú+ ñqï≥Tº nì|æùdÔ yÓ+≥H˚
f Ä |ü<äeTT ÁøÏj·T nì >∑T]Ô+#·+&ç ....

n<˚ e÷~]>± Ç+^¢wt˝À @ |ü<ëì¬ø’Hê ..... ing CÀ&çùdÔ
Ä Áø=‘·Ô |ü<äeTTq≈£î ˇø£ ns¡úeTT ñ+&ç...
ing
‹qT ( ≥ )
Eat + ing Eating

e#·TÃ ( ≥ ) Come + ing
h Coming
g is
l Going
yÓfi¯ófl ( ≥ ) Go + ing n
E Singing
bÕ&ÉT ( ≥ ) e n
Sing + ing
k 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
m u 3 9
: 9÷´sTT ø±ã{Ïº
RaÇ$ ôd{Ÿllnj·
áC|ü<eë\˙ï ÁøÏj·T\T ( es¡T“˝Ò )
sêDÏ ( ≥ ) Rani + ing Raniing

ø±s¡T ( ≥ ) Car + ing Caring
≈£îØÃ ( ≥ ) Chair + ing Chairing
Pen + ing Pening
ô|qTï ( ≥ )
Ç$ ôd{Ÿ ø±˝Ò<äT ..ø±ã{Ïº á |ü<ë\T ÁøÏj·T˝…’‘˚ ..ø±e⁄... y˚πs @<Ó’Hê ø±e#·TÃ.
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Present Tense ( V1 )
m˝≤ @s¡Œ&ÉT‘·T+~.... ? m˝≤ H˚s¡TÃø√yê* ?
ˇø£ Ç+^¢wt es¡T“q≈£î ..... ing qT rùdùdÔ
Áø=‘·Ô>± @s¡Œ&çq |ü<äy˚T ....
Present Tense .... nì H˚s¡TÃø√+&ç....
Going Going Go
Eating Eating Eat

Singing Singing Sing
Learning Learning i s
Learn
l h
Jumping Jumping E n g
Jump
en 3 9
ˇø£ Ç+^¢wt es¡T“q≈£î ..... pok 9 5 2
ing qT rùdùdÔ mu
S 9 04
R a : 93
Present Tense ( V1 )
øÁ =‘·Ô>± @s¡Œ&çq |ü<äy˚T .... ll
Ce
n˝≤π> ... m≥Te+{Ï Present Tense ¬ø’Hê ...
eTT+<äT .... Will nì CÀ&çùdÔ
n~ ....FutureTense ...>± e÷]b˛‘·T+~....
Go Will Go
Eat Will Eat
Future
Will + Sing
Learn
= Tense
Will Sing
Will Learn
Jump Will Jump

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Rise Spoken English
15 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Past Tense ( V2 )
m˝≤ @s¡Œ&ÉT‘·T+~.... ? m˝≤ H˚s¡TÃø√yê* ?
Ç<˚ #ê˝≤ eTTKýÓTÆq~ .... ø£wüºyÓTÆq~
f…qT‡\T H˚s¡TÃø=H˚ $wüj·TeTT˝À
Bìì eTqeTT ¬s+&Ée kÕúq+ ˝À ñ+∫ H˚s¡TÃ≈£î+{≤+ ...
n+<äTπø BìøÏ Ç+^¢wt ˝À V-2 ( Verb Form - 2) nì ù|s¡T ô|{≤ºs¡T ...
eTq+ Ç+^¢wt ˝À e÷{≤¢&˚ ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT

gl ish≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ...
ø£<∏ä\T #Óô|Œ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT , »]–q $wüj·÷\qT $e]+#˚
n
95 % e÷≥\˙ï ≈£enL&ÜE |üP]Ô3>9±
Past Tense |ü ok
<pë\H˚ ñ|ü j9 5
Ó÷ 2
–düTÔ+{≤+
u S 904
m
a Tπø BìøÏ
Rn+<ä : 9 3
n+‘· Á|ü<Ûëq´‘·
ell
C
◊‘˚... Past Tense H˚s¡TÃø√e&ÜìøÏ
Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± ... @ dü÷Á‘·eTT ≈£L&Ü ˝Ò<äT
me«¬s’Hê düπs M{Ïì ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·Te\dæ+<˚....
ø£wüº|ü&ç H˚s¡TÃø√e\dæ+<˚....
m+<äTø£+fÒ Bì jÓTTø£ÿ s¡÷|üeTT ∫Á‘· $∫Á‘·+>± edüTÔ+≥T+~...
ø±ã{Ïº ........ me«¬s’Hê düπs
á Past Tense \qT e÷Á‘·+ u≤>± H˚s¡TÃø√e\dæ+<˚

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Past Tense ( V2 )
|ü<ë\T m˝≤ ñ+{≤sTT .... ?
Çø£ÿ&É C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>± >∑eTì+#·+&ç
Main Verbs
Verbs Present Past Future
Tense Tense Tense
eTTKýÓTÆq ÁøÏj·T\T ing rùdùdÔ Áø=‘·Ô>± Will + Present
1. Going Go Went Will Go

2. Eating Eat Ate Will Eat

3. Singing Sing Sang Will Sing
4. Breaking Break Broke Will Break
5. Throwing Throw
is h Threw
l Will Brush
Will Throw
6. Brushing Brush
E n
Brushedg
7. Washing Wash
Join k enWashed
3 9
Will Wash
Joined 2 Will Join
8. Joining
S p
Watch
o 4 9 5
Watched Will Watch
9. Watching
10. Opening
m u Open 390Opened Will Open
Ra l : 9
11. Cutting
12. Putting C l
e Put
Cut Cut
Put
Will Cut
Will Put
13. Fitting Fit Fit Will Fit
14. letting let let Will let
15. Shutting Shut Shut Will Shut
Present ˝À
Future ˝À
ø±˙.. Past Tense ( V2 )
\T e÷Á‘·y˚T $∫Á‘·+>± Áø=‘·Ô>± @s¡Œ&Ü¶sTT.. n+<äTπø
@ e÷Á‘+· yê{Ïì u≤>± ø£+sƒ¡düÔeTT #˚j·÷*‡+<˚...
H˚s¡TÃø=H˚ ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ≈£L&Ü ...
ÁbÕã¢+ ˝Ò<äT ...
n˝≤π> |ü<ä›‹>± ... ø£¬s≈£îº>± .... H˚s¡TÃø√yê*...

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Present Past Future
Main Verbs
Verbs Tense Tense Tense
Getting up from the bed Get up Got up Will Get up
Brushing the teeth Brush Brushed Will Brush
Washing the face Wash Washed Will Wash
Having the bath Have Had the bath Will Have
Praying Pray Prayed Will Pray
Having the break-fast Have Had Will Have
Drinking milk Drink Drank Will Drink
Going Go Went Will Go
Studying Study Studied Will Study
Reading Read Read Will Read
Listening Listen Listened Will Listen
Learning Learn Learnt Will Learn

Having the meals Have Had Will Have
Writing Write Wrote Will Write
Drawing the picture Draw Drew Will Draw
Playing Play
Run
li s
Ranh
Played Will Play
Will Run
Running
Standing Stand
Sit Eng Stood
Sat
Will Stand
Will Sit
Sitting
Coming Come
k en 2 3 9
Came Will Come
Jumping
Talking
S o
Jump
p 049
Talk 5 Jumped
Talked
Will Jump
Will Talk
Speaking
mu Speak
39 Spoke Will Speak
Ra ll : 9
Remembering Remember Remembered Will Remember
Forgetting Forget Forgot Will Forget
Ce
Carrying Carry Carried Will Carry
Opening Open Opened Will Open
Closing Close Closed Will Close
Throwing Throw Threw Will Throw
Giving Give Gave Will Give
Taking Take Took Will Take
Working Work Worked Will Work
Watching T.V Watch Watched Will Watch
Fighting Fight Fought Will Fight
Quarrelling Quarrel Quarreled Will Quarrel
Laughing Laugh Laughed Will Laugh
Crying Cry Cried Will Cry
Coming down Come down Came Will Come
Climbing up Climb up Climbed Will Climb
Killing Kill Killed Will Kill
Dieing Die Died Will Die
Taking Birth Take Birth Took Will Take
Angrying Angry Angried Will Angry
Smiling Smile Smiled Will Smile
Weeping Weep Wept Will Weep
Sleeping Sleep Slept Will Sleep
Dreaming Dream Dreamed Will Dream
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Present Past Future
Main Verbs
Seeming Seem Seemed Will Seem
Washing the clothes Wash Washed Will Wash
Raining Rain Rained Will Rain
Rising Rise Rose Will Rise
Setting Set Set Will Set
Preparing Prepare Prepared Will Prepare
Cutting Cut Cut Will Cut
Putting Put Put Will Put
Fearing Fear Feared Will Fear
Calling Call Called Will Call
Singing Sing Sang Will Sing
Wishing Wish Wished Will Wish

Respecting Respect Respected Will Respect
Insulting Insult Insulted Will Insult
Loving Love Loved Will Love
Liking Like
sh
Liked
li Will Like
Hating
Informing
Hate
Inform
Eng Hated
Informed
Will Hate
Will Inform
Wandering
Sending
Wander
Send
k en 2 3
Sent9
Wandered Will Wander
Will Send
Saving
Breaking
S o
p 049
Save
Break
5 Saved
Broke
Will Save
Will Break
Smoking
mu Smoke
39 Smoked Will Smoke
Ra ll : 9
Tearing Tear Tore Will Tear
Deciding Decide Decided Will Decide
Ce
Joining Join Joined Will Join
Using Use Used Will Use
Punishing Punish Punished Will Punish
Helping Help Helped Will Help
Sneezing Sneeze Sneezed Will Sneeze
Requesting Request Requested Will Request
Hurting Hurt Hurted Will Hurt
Agreeing Agree Agreed Will Agree
Working Work Worked Will Work
Celebrating Celebrate Celebrated Will Celebrate
Worrying Worry Worried Will Worry
Imagining Imagine Imagined Will imagine
Passing Pass Passed Will Pass
Prouding Proud Prouded Will Proud
Failing Fail Failed Will Fail
Cleaning Clean Cleaned Will Clean
Lessoning Lesson Lessoned Will Lesson
Reaching Reach Reached Will Reach
Thinking Think Thought Will Think
Jumping Jump Jumped Will Jump
Knowing Know Knew Will Know
Kicking Kick Kicked Will Kick
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Rise Spoken English
19 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Present Past Future
Main Verbs
Acrossing Across Acrossed Will Across
Doubting Doubt Doubted Will Doubt
Listening Listen Listened Will Listen
Liking Like Liked Will Like
Moving Move Moved Will Move
Coming Come Came Will Come
Eating Eat Ate Will Eat
Drinking Drink Drank Will Drink
Attracting Attract Attracted Will Attract
Missing Miss Missed Will Miss
Visiting Visit Visited Will Visit
Inviting Invite Invited Will Invite

Punishing Punish Punished Will Punish
Earning Earn Earned Will Earn
Taking Take Took Will Take
Using
Starting
Use
Start
li s
Used
h
Started
Will Use
Will Start
Sleeping Sleep
Eng Slept
Wore
Will Sleep
Will wear
Wearing
Growing
Wear
Grow
k en 2 3
Grew9 Will Grow
Polishing
Behaving
S o
Polish
p 049
Behave 5 Polished
Behaved
Will Polish
Will Behave
Permitting
mu Permit
39 Permited Will Permit
Ra ll : 9
Harming Harm Harmed Will Harm
Interesting Interest Interested Will Interest
Ce
Falling Fall Fell Will Fall
Cleaning Clean Cleaned Will Clean
Proving Prove Proved Will Prove
Advising Advice Advised Will Advice
Forgetting Forget Forgot Will Forget
Reaching Reach Reached Will Reach
Suffering Suffer Suffered Will Suffer
Accepting Accept Accepted Will Accept
Addressing Address Addressed Will Address
Adjusting Adjust Adjusted Will Adjust
Allowing Allow Allowed Will Allow
Balancing Balance Balanced Will Balance
Battling Battle Battled Will Battle
Changing Change Changed Will Change
Begging Beg Begged Will Beg
Blowing Blow Blew Will Blow
Boiling Boil Boiled Will Boil
Bothering Bothering Bothered Will Bother
Bringing Bring Brought Will Bring
Building Build Built Will Build
Burning Burn Burned Will Burn
Canceling Cancel Canceled Will Cancel

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Present Past Future
Main Verbs
Pinching Pinch Pinched Will Pinch
Behaving Behave Behaved Will Behave
Falling Fall Fell Will Fall
Filling Fill Filled Will Fill
Traveling Travel Travelled Will Travel
Pulling Pull Pulled Will Pull
Beating Beat Beat Will Beat
Biting Bite Bit Will Bite
Scolding Scold Scolded Will Scold
Believing Believe Believed Will Believe
Attracting Attract Attracted Will Attract
Kissing Kiss Kissed Will Kiss

Moving Move Moved Will Move
Destroying Destroy Destroyed Will Destroy
Doubting Doubt Doubted Will Doubt
Losing
Selling
Lose
Sell
li s
Lost
Soldh Will Lose
Will Sell
Buying Buy
Eng Bought Will Buy
Lending
Asking
Lend
Ask
k en 2
Lent
3 9
Asked
Will Lend
Will Ask
Deciding
Crossing
S o
Decide
p 049
Cross 5 Decided
Crossed
Will Decide
Will Cross
Assembling
mu 39
Assemble Assembled Will Assemble
Ra ll : 9
Blessing Bless Blessed Will Bless
Bending Bend Bent Will Bend
Ce
Swimming Swim Swam Will Swim
Ringing Ring Rang Will Ring
Paying Pay Paid Will Pay
Building Build Built Will Build
Finding Find Found Will Find
posting post posted Will post
laying lay laid Will lay
Dancing Dance Danced Will Dance
Missing Miss Missed Will Miss
Growing Grow Grew Will Grow
Visiting Visit Visited Will Visit
Interesting Interest Interested Will Interest
Begining Begin Began Will Begin
Ending End Ended Will End
Earning Earn Earned Will Earn
Spending Spend Spended Will Spend
Saving Save Saved Will Save
Hanging Hang Hanged Will Hang
Standing Stand Stood Will Stand
Sucking Suck Sucked Will Suck
Crying Cry Cried Will Cry
Leaving Leave Left Will Leave
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Rise Spoken English
21 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Past - Participles
n+fÒ ˇø£ ÁøÏj·T jÓTTø£ÿ 3 e s¡÷|üeTT
Ç+^¢wt˝À
3rd form of a verb V3 nì n+{≤s¡T
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D≈£î eTq+ Á>±eTsY ... |ü⁄düÔø±\˝À #·÷dü÷Ô ñ+{≤+

Present ( V1 ) Past ( V2 ) Past - Participles ( v3 )
go went goneli sh
drink drank E ng
drunk
sing sang oken sung 2 3 9
learn S 5
p 049learnt
learnt
u 9
m
jump Ra jumped : 93 jumped
read e
readll read
C
break broke broken
buy bought bought
sell sold sold
call called called
put put put
clean cleaned cleaned
Ç˝≤ 3 e kÕúq+˝À ñ+&˚ á |ü<ë\H˚ ....
Past - Participles 3rd form of a verb V3 nì n+{≤s¡T

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
á Past - Participles \qT
\qT ì @ ... @ ... dü+<Ûäsê“\˝À ñ|üüjÓ÷–kÕÔs¡T ?
M{Ïì ... 3 dü+<Ûäsê“\˝À ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔs¡T ...
1. Adjectives
\T>± .... ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔs¡T ....
2. Conjugation of a verb
li s h
nH˚ {≤|æø˘ ˝À ˇø£ yêø±´ìï
E ng
k e n
Perfect ( |ü¬sŒ¤ø˘º ) yêø±´\T>± e÷{≤¢2& 3ÉT 9
q|ü⁄Œ&ÉT
S o
p 049 5
m uñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔ 3 9s¡T ....
R a l : 9
C el
3 . Active & Passive Voice
nH˚ {≤|æø˘ ˝À ˇø£ yêø±´ìï
Passive ( bÕ´dæyé ) yêø±´\T>± e÷{≤¢&ÉTq|ü⁄Œ&ÉT
≈£L&Ü ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔs¡T ....
Ç˝≤ .... á Past - Participles \qT

3 dü+<Ûäsê“\˝À ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔs¡T ...
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Rise Spoken English
23 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
eTT+<äT - eTT+<äT
eTq+ H˚s¡TÃø√uÀj˚T $wüj·÷\T
n˙ï |üesY|òü⁄˝Ÿ düu…®ø˘º\T
n‹ eTTKýÓTÆq $wüj·÷\T
1. Conjugation of a verb
2 . Active & Passive Voice

l ish
n g
E Speech
3 . Direct & Indirect n 9
o k e 5 2 3
S p 049
m u of Comparison
4. Degrees 3 9
Ra ll : 9
C e
\T ø±ã{Ïº á {≤|æø˘ \T dü+|üPs¡í+>±
H˚s¡TÃø√yê\+fÒ eTq+ ø£˙dü+
200 - Past - Participles
\qT |üP]Ô kÕúsTT˝À ` H˚s¡TÃø=ì ñ+&Ü*
eTq≈£î e∫Ã ñ+&Ü* .... ø±ã{Ïº
HÓø˘‡{Ÿ ù||üsY ˝À ñ+&˚$ ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç ....
------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Present Past Past
Main Verbs Tense Tense Participles
(V1) ( V2) ( V3)
Getting up from the bed Get up Got up Got up
Brushing the teeth Brush Brushed Brushed
Washing the face Wash Washed Washed
Having the bath Have Had the bath Had the bath
Praying Pray Prayed Prayed
Having the break-fast Have Had Had
Drinking milk Drink Drank Drunk
Going Go Went gone
Studying Study Studied Studied
Reading Read Read Read
Listening Listen Listened Listened
Learning Learn Learnt Learnt
Having the meals Have Had Had

Writing Write Wrote Written
Drawing the picture Draw Drew Drawn
Playing
Running
Play
Run
li sh
Played
Ran
Played
Run
Standing
Sitting
Stand
Sit
Eng Stood
Sat
Stood
Sat
Coming
e
Come
k n 2 3 9
Came Come
Jumping
Talking
S o
Jump
p 049
Talk 5 Jumped
Talked
Jumped
Talked
Speaking
Remembering
mu Speak
39
Remember
Spoke
Remembered
Spoken
Remembered
Forgetting
Carrying Ra ll : 9
Forget
Carry
Forgot
Carried
Forgotten
Carried
Opening
Closing
Throwing
Ce Open
Close
Throw
Opened
Closed
Threw
Opened
Closed
Thrown
Giving Give Gave Given
Taking Take Took Taken
Working Work Worked Worked
Watching T.V Watch Watched Watched
Fighting Fight Fought Fought
Quarrelling Quarrel Quarreled Quarreled
Laughing Laugh Laughed Laughed
Crying Cry Cried Cried
Coming down Come down Came Come
Climbing up Climb up Climbed Climbed
Killing Kill Killed Killed
Dieing Die Died Died
Taking Birth Take Birth Took Taken
Angrying Angry Angried Angried
Smiling Smile Smiled Smiled
Weeping Weep Wept Wept
Sleeping Sleep Slept Slept
Dreaming Dream Dreamed Dreamed

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Rise Spoken English
25 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Present Past Past
(V1) ( V2) ( V3)
Seeming Seem Seemed Seemed
Washing the clothes Wash Washed Washed
Raining Rain Rained Rained
Rising Rise Rose Rissen
Setting Set Set Set
Preparing Prepare Prepared Prepared
Cutting Cut Cut Cut
Putting Put Put Put
Fearing Fear Feared Feared
Calling Call Called Called
Singing Sing Sang Sung
Wishing Wish Wished Wished

Respecting Respect Respected Respected
Insulting Insult Insulted Insulted
Loving Love Loved Loved
Liking Like
Hate
li sh
Liked
Hated
Liked
Hated
Hating
Informing Inform
Wander Eng Informed Informed
Wandered
Wandering
Sending Send
k en 2 3 9
Wandered
Sent Sent
Saving
Breaking
S o
Save
p 049
Break 5 Saved
Broke
Saved
Broken
Smoking
mu 39
Smoke Smoked Smoked
Ra ll : 9
Tearing Tear Tore Torn
Deciding Decide Decided Decided
Ce
Joining Join Joined Joined
Using Use Used Used
Punishing Punish Punished Punished
Helping Help Helped Helped
Sneezing Sneeze Sneezed Sneezed
Requesting Request Requested Requested
Hurting Hurt Hurted Hurted
Agreeing Agree Agreed Agreed
Working Work Worked Worked
Celebrating Celebrate Celebrated Celebrated
Worrying Worry Worried Worried
Imagining Imagine Imagined Imagined
Passing Pass Passed Passed
Prouding Proud Prouded Prouded
Failing Fail Failed Failed
Cleaning Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Lessoning Lesson Lessoned Lessoned
Reaching Reach Reached Reached
Thinking Think Thought Thought
Jumping Jump Jumped Jumped
Knowing Know Knew Known
Kicking Kick Kicked Kicked

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Present Past Past
(V1) ( V2) ( V3)
Crossing Cross Crossed Crossed

Doubting Doubt Doubted Doubted
Listening Listen Listened Listened
Liking Like Liked Liked
Moving Move Moved Moved
Coming Come Came Come
Eating Eat Ate eaten
Drinking Drink Drank Drunk
Attracting Attract Attracted Attracted
Missing Miss Missed Missed
Visiting Visit Visited Visited
Inviting Invite Invited Invited

Punishing Punish Punished Punished
Earning Earn Earned Earned
Taking Take Took Taken
Using Use
li sh
Used Used
Starting
Sleeping
Start
Sleep
Eng Started
Slept
Started
Slept
Wearing
Growing
Wear
k
Growen 2 3 9
Wore
Grew
Worn
Grown
Polishing
Behaving
S o
p 049
Polish
Behave
5 Polished
Behaved
Polished
Behaved
Permitting
mu 9
Permit
3 Permited Permited
Ra ll : 9
Harming Harm Harmed Harmed
Interesting Interest Interested Interested
Ce
Falling Fall Fell Fallen
Cleaning Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Proving Prove Proved Proved
Advising Advice Advised Advised
Forgetting Forget Forgot Forgotten
Reaching Reach Reached Reached
Suffering Suffer Suffered Suffered
Accepting Accept Accepted Accepted
Addressing Address Addressed Addressed
Adjusting Adjust Adjusted Adjusted
Allowing Allow Allowed Allowed
Balancing Balance Balanced Balanced
Battling Battle Battled Battled
Changing Change Changed Changed
Begging Beg Begged Begged
Blowing Blow Blew Blown
Boiling Boil Boiled Boiled
Bothering Bothering Bothered Bothered
Bringing Bring Brought Brought
Building Build Built Built
Burning Burn Burned Burned
Canceling Cancel Canceled Canceled
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Present Past Past
(V1) ( V2) ( V3)
Pinching Pinch Pinched Pinched

Behaving Behave Behaved Behaved
Falling Fall Fell Fallen
Filling Fill Filled Filled
Traveling Travel Travelled Travelled
Pulling Pull Pulled Pulled
Beating Beat Beat Beat
Biting Bite Bit Bit
Scolding Scold Scolded Scolded
Believing Believe Believed Believed
Attracting Attract Attracted Attracted
Kissing Kiss Kissed Kissed

Moving Move Moved Moved
Destroying Destroy Destroyed Destroyed
Doubting Doubt Doubted Doubted
Losing Lose
li s
Losth Lost
Selling
Buying
Sell
Buy
Eng Sold
Bought
Sold
Bought
Lending
Asking
Lend
k
Ask en 2
Lent
3 9
Asked
Lent
Asked
Deciding
Crossing
S o
p 049
Decide
Cross
5 Decided
Crossed
Decided
Crossed
Assembling
mu 39
Assemble Assembled Assembled
Ra ll : 9
Blessing Bless Blessed Blessed
Bending Bend Bent Bent
Ce
Swimming Swim Swam Swum
Ringing Ring Rang Rung
Paying Pay Paid Paid
Building Build Built Built
Finding Find Found Found
posting post posted posted
laying lay laid laid
Dancing Dance Danced Danced
Missing Miss Missed Missed
Growing Grow Grew Grown
Visiting Visit Visited Visited
Interesting Interest Interested Interested
Beginning Begin Began Begun
Ending End Ended Ended
Earning Earn Earned Earned
Spending Spend Spended Spended
Saving Save Saved Saved
Hanging Hang Hanged Hanged
Standing Stand Stood Stood
Sucking Suck Sucked Sucked
Crying Cry Cried Cried
Leaving Leave Left Left
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Main -Verbs
( eTTKýÓTÆq ` ÁøÏj·T\T )
M{Ïì 3 s¡ø±\T>± $uÛÑõ+#·e#·TÃ
1. Strong -Verbs
2. Weak - Verbs
3. Very - weak - Verbs

Strong -Verbs Weak -Verbs Very -Weak -Verbs
li sh á 3 f…qT‡\qT C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>±
á 3 f…qT‡\qT C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>±
>∑eTì+#·+&ç Eng á 3 f…qT‡\qT C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>±
>∑eTì+#·+&ç >∑eTì+#·+&ç
k en 2 3 9
Present
(V1)
Past
(V2)
o
p 049
P.Participles
S
(V3) 5Present
(V1)
Past
(V2)
P.Participles
(V3)
Present
(V1)
Past
(V1)
P.Participles
(V3)
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
drink drank drunk walk walked walked cut cut cut
sing sang sung love loved loved put put put
Ce
go went gone like liked liked shut shut shut
sing sang sung play played played set set set
break broke broken kill killed killed let let let
eat ate eaten work worked worked hit hit hit
bite bit bitten pray prayed prayed wet wet wet
ring rang rung join joined joined spread spread spread
buy bought bought live lived live cost cost cost
sell sold sold tie tied tied wed wed wed
give gave given shift shifted shifted bet bet bet
take taken taken reach reached reached quit quit quit
3 f…qT‡\T ˇø£ Present - Tense q≈£î 3 f…qT‡\T

y˚sT¡ y˚sT¡ >± .. y˚sT¡ y˚sT¡ d ˝Òø£ ed eTÁ‘·y˚T #˚s¡Ã&É+ ˇπø e÷~]>±
ôdŒ*+>∑T\T‘√ ... e÷s¡T‘·THêïsTT <Ûë«sê Past eT]j·TT P.Participles ˇπø ôdŒ*+>∑T\‘√ ... e÷s¡TŒ˝Ò≈£î+&É>±
Ç˝≤+{Ï ÁøÏj·T\H˚ \T @s¡Œ&çq≥ºsTT‘˚ ... ñ+&˚ ÁøÏ.j·T\H˚
Strong -Verbs Ç˝≤+{Ï ÁøÏ.j·T\H˚ Very-Week -Verbs
nì n+{≤s¡T Week -Verbs nì n+{≤s¡T . nì n+{≤s¡T

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Any Doubts please Call me RAMU 9390495239
li sh
Eng
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
Ce

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Any Doubts please Call me RAMU 9390495239
li sh
Eng
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
Ce

------------------------------------------- www.tlm4all.com -------------------------------------------
Spoken English
Book - 7
Verbs
Helping - Verbs
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------

Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
RISE
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------

Helping-Verbs ( Auxiliary - Verbs )
( düVü‰j·Tø£ ` ÁøÏj·T\T )
ø=ìï yêø±´\˝À
Main -Verbs
eTTKýÓTÆq ` ÁøÏj·T\qT ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT
yê{ÏøÏ eTT+<äT
ø=ìï düVü‰j·Tø£ ÁøÏj·T\qT ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e\dæ ñ+≥T+~....
&Ó’¬sø˘º>± ˇø£ Main -Verb qT ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·≈£î+&Ü
düVü‰j·T+>± eTs=ø£ ÁøÏj·TqT ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔenTT g is h
l º ....M{ÏøÏ
ø±ã{Ï
düVü‰j·Tø£ ÁøÏj·T\T nì #Ó|üŒe#· n
TÃ ....EÇ+^¢wt ˝À M{Ï9 H˚
ok 52 e 3
Sp 049
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
Ce
Helping-Verbs
˝Ò<ë
Auxiliary - Verbs
nì n+{≤s¡T ....

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Helping Verbs ( Auxilliaries)
M{Ïì 3 s¡ø±\T>± $uÛÑõ+#·e#·TÃ
1. Be - Forms
2. Have - Forms
3. Future - Forms
Be - Forms Have - Forms Future - Forms

ñ+&ÉT≥ ø£*– ñ+&ÉT≥ uÛgÑ$lwüi´s h
‘·TÔqT dü÷∫+#˚ ...
>∑T]+∫ #Ó|ü⁄Œ |ü<ë\T <ë\TEn #Ó9
>∑T]+∫ #Ó|ü⁄Œ |ün |ü⁄Œ |ü<ë\T
ok e 523
Present p
SPresent9049 will
m u 3
is
am R
a l 9
:have
l
Ce has
would
are
shall
Past Past should
was
had
were can
Future Future
could
will have may

will be
might

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Helping Verbs ( Auxiliaries)
Is--------- ñHêï&ÉT , ñqï~. He is, She is, It is, This is, That is, Rama is, Seeta is
am ```````` ñHêïqT.
Be forms
I am ( ` I ` øÏ e÷Á‘·y˚T am yê&Ü* )
are````````ñHêïeTT, ñHêïs¡T. You are, They are, These are, Those are, Lions are
I was, He was, She was, It was, This was, That was,

was```````ñ+{Ïì, ñ+&ÓqT. Rama was, Seeta was, Boy was, Girl was.... etc....
were```` ñ+{Ï$T, ñ+&ç]. You were, They were, These were, Those were,
Rama and seetha were, Boys were, Girls were..etc..
will be````ñ+{≤&ÉT, ñ+{≤eTT, I will be, You will be, He will be, She will be, it will be
This will be, That will be, Rama will be... etc....
ñ+{≤&ÉT, ñ+≥T+~.
Have-- ````ø£*– ñHêïqT, ø£*– ñHêïeTT, I have, We have, You have, They have, These have,
Those have, Rama and Seeta have, Boys have... etc..
Have forms
ø£*– ñHêïs¡T
He has, She has, It has, This has, That has,
Has````````ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT, ø£*– ñqï~.
sh
Rama has, Seeta has, Book has, Room has... etc..
li
Had``````` ø£*– ñ+&ç], ø£*– ñ+{Ïì,
En g I had, You had, He had, She had, It had, that had,
ø£*– ñ+{Ï$T.
k en 2 3 9
They had, Rama had, Seeta had, Car had, ... etc...
p o
Will Have`ø£*– ñ+{≤qT, øÏ*– ñ+{≤s¡ T,
95 I will have, You will have, He will have, She will have
– ñ+≥T+~. 04
ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉuT, ø£*S
Seeta will have, Rama will have, They will have..etc....
m 3 9
Ra ll : 9
Ce
Will-- ```sêkÕÔqT, #·÷kÕÔqT I will write, I will see..........
Shall````sêj·÷*, #·÷&Ü* I shall write, I shall see........

Future forms
Can```` sêj·T>∑\qT, #·÷&É>∑\qT I can write, I can see..........
May``` sêj·Te#·TÃ , #·÷&Ée#·TÃ I may write, I may see..........
Would`````sêdæ ñ+{≤qT, #·÷dæ ñ+{≤qT I would write, I would see..........
Should````sêdæ ñ+&Ü*, #·÷dæ ñ+&Ü* I should write, I should see..........
Could````- sêdæ ñ+&É>∑\qT, #·÷dæ ñ+&É>∑\qT I could write, I could see..........
Might--``` sêdæ ñ+&Ée#·TÃ, #·÷dæ ñ+&Ée#·TÃ I might write, I might see..........

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Using Be-forms
Ist , 2nd persons and 3rd person
3rd person Plurals only singulars only
I ..... am , was, will be He

She
It
This
We
You Present lish That
Present
ng Rama
You
They are oken 5239is
E Seetha
These
Sp 049 Boy
Those
mu 39 Girl
Rama and seetha Ra ll : 9 Pen
Boys
C e Past
Book
Girls Cat
Pens Past was
Rat
Books
Cats were Lion
Tiger
Rats
Lions Bus Future
Tigers Car
Doctors Train will be
Singers Future Aeroplane
Bells Teacher
Cars will be H.M.
Buses

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Am = ñHêïqT
I ` ≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T ` am
Ramu.
from Tirupathi.
living in Hyderabad.
a student.
I am studying.
li sh doing a job.
E g
n music.
learning
k en in America.
2 3 9
p o 9 5
S 904searching for a job.
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel learning English.
Am = ñHêïqT
1. H˚qT sêeTTì. 1. I am Ramu.
2. H˚qT ‹s¡Te‹ qT+&ç e∫Ãqyê&ÉqT. 2. I am from Tirupathi.
3. H˚qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT˝À ìedædüTÔHêïqT. 3. I am living in Hyderabad.
4. H˚qT ˇø£ $<Ûë´]úì. 4. I am a student.
5. H˚qT #·<äTe⁄‘·THêïqT. 5. I am studying.
6. H˚qT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT #˚düTÔHêïqT. 6. I am doing a job.
7. H˚qT dü+^‘·+ H˚s¡TÃø=+≥THêïqT. 7. I am learning music.
8. H˚qT ny˚T]ø±˝À ñHêïqT. 8. I am in America.
9. H˚qT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√dü+ yÓ‘·T≈£î‘·THêïqT. 9. I am searching for a job.
10. H˚qT Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø=+≥THêïqT. 10. I am learning English.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
‘ Be ’ forms
Am (j·÷yéT )
ns¡eú TT me]øÏ ? @ f…qT‡˝À ?

πøe\+ .... yÓTT<ä{Ï e´øÏÔ .... e÷{≤¢&ÉT yê&çøÏ

Am = ñHêïqT 1st Person - singular Present
‘I’
Tense ˝À
≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔeTT ...
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Am = ñHêïqT
1. H˚qT sêeTTì . 1. I am Ramu.
2. H˚qT ‹s¡Te‹ qT+&ç e∫Ãqyê&ÉqT.
li sh 2. I am from Tirupathi.
3. H˚qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT˝À |üì#˚düTÔHêïqT.
En g 3. I am working in Hyderabad.
4. H˚qT ˇø£ $<Ûë´]úì.
5. H˚qT #·<äTe⁄‘·THêïqT.
k en 2 3 9 4. I am a student.
5. I am studying.
p
6. H˚qT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT #˚düTÔHêïqT. o
S 904 95 6. I am doing a job.
m u
7. H˚qT dü+^‘·+ H˚s¡TÃø=+≥THêïqT.
3
7. I am learning music.
Ra
8. H˚qT ny˚T]ø±˝À ñHêïqT.
l : 9 8. I am in America.
Cel
9. H˚qT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√dü+ yÓ‘·T≈£î‘·THêïqT.
10. H˚qT Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø=+≥THêïqT.
9. I am searching for a job.
10. I am learning English.
11. H˚qT ˇø£ ø£$ì. 11. I am a poet.
12. H˚qT ˇø£ ù|<äyê&çì. 12. I am a poor person.
13. H˚qT eT+∫ yê&çì. 13. I am a good person.
14. H˚qT ˇø£ ø£wüºJ$ì. 14. I am a hard worker.
15. H˚qT @MT ‘Ó*j·Tì yê&çì. 15. I am an unknown person.
16. H˚qT >=|üŒyê&çì. 16. I am a great person.
17. H˚qT |üìøÏsêì yê&çì. 17. I am useless. ( waste )
18. H˚qT #ê˝≤ u≤<Ûä |ü&ÉT‘·THêïqT. 18. I am worrying so much.
19. H˚qT ø£\\T ø£+≥THêïqT. 19. I am dreaming.
20. H˚qT ìdü‡Vü‰j·TTìï. 20. I am help-less.
21. H˚qT ˙ eT+∫ ø√s¡Tyê&çì. 21. I am your well-wisher.
22. H˚qT #ê˝≤ <Ûäqe+‘·Tìï. 22. I am a very rich person.
23. H˚qT Äø£*‘√ ñHêïqT. 23. I am hungry.
24. H˚qT \+&ÉHé˝À ñHêïqT. 24. I am in London.
25. H˚qT Äq+<ä+>± ñHêïqT. 25. I am so happy.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Is = ñHêï&ÉT , ñqï~.
3 rd Persons - Singulars
ˇø£]øÏ ` e÷Á‘·y˚T ` Is
a Doctor.
He a Nurse.
She my book.
It
my mobile.
This
my sister-in-law.
Seeta is h
Rama l i
my brother.
g s
E n
David
k en a
9
police officer.
2 3
Mummy S p o 4 9 5
Cooking in the house.
u 39 0
Daddy am 9
R : working here.
My friend Cell in Hyderabad.
35
Is = ñHêï&ÉT , ñqï~.
1. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ &Üø£ºs¡T. 1. He is a Doctor.
2. ÄyÓT ˇø£ qs¡T‡ . 2. She is a Nurse.
3. n~ Hê |ü⁄düÔø£eTT . 3. It is my book.
4. Ç~ Hê yÓTTu…’\T. 4. This is my mobile .
5. d”‘· e÷ e~q. 5. Seeta is my sister-in-law.
6. sêeTT e÷ nqïj·T´. 6. Rama is my brother.
7. &˚$&é ˇø£ b˛©düT Ä|ò”düs¡T. 7. David is a police officer.
8. neTà e+&ÉT‘·÷ ñqï~. 8. Mummy is coking in the house.
9. Hêqï Çø£ÿ&É |üì#˚˚düTÔHêï&ÉT. 9. Daddy is working here.
10. Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT˝À ñHêï&ÉT. 10. My friend is in Hyderabad.

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‘Be’ forms
is (áCŸ )

Is
eT÷&Ée e´øÏÔ ... @ø£e#·q |ü<ë\≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T
3rd Person - singulars Only Present
ñHêï&ÉT He , she , it , this , that , Rama, ...
ñqï~ ≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔeTT ... Tense ˝À
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Is = ñHêï&ÉT ... ñqï~
1. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ &Üø£ºs¡T. 1. He is a Doctor.
2. ÄyÓT ˇø£ qs¡T‡ .
li sh 2. She is a Nurse.
3. áyÓT e÷ #ÓfiËfl\T .
4. s¡$ e÷ ∫Hêïqï ø=&ÉT≈£î.
En g 3. She is my sister.
4. Ravi is my cousin.
5. \øÏåà e÷ e~q.
k en 2 3 9 5. Lakshmi is my sister-in-law.
6. Ç‘·&ÉT e÷ nqïj·T´.
p o
S 904
7. Ç‘·&ÉT ˇø£ b˛©dt Ä|ò”düs¡T. 95 6. He is my brother.
7. He is a police officer.
8. ÄyÓT Ç+{À¢ ñ+~.
m u 3 8. She is in the house.
Ra
9. n‘·&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É ñHêï&ÉT.
l : 9 9. He is here.
11. ÄyÓT e+{Ï+{À¢ ñqï~.Ce

10. n‘·&ÉT Ç+{À¢ ñHêï&ÉT.l 10. He is in the house.
11. She is in the kitchen room.
12. e÷ ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT˝À ñHêï&ÉT. 12. My friend is in Hyderabad.
13. ∫s¡+J$ á dæìe÷˝À ñHêï&ÉT. 13. Chiranjeevi is in this movie.
14. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé ø£cÕº\˝À ñHêï&ÉT. 14. Mohan is in the problems.
15. s¡$ #·<äTe⁄‘·÷ ñHêï&ÉT. 15. Ravi is studying.
16. dü]‘· u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T˝À ñqï~. 16. Saritha is in Bangalore.
17. n~ nø£ÿ&É ñqï~. 17. It is there.
18. |ü⁄* >∑TVü≤˝À ñqï~. 18. The tiger is in the cave.
19. e÷ #ÓfiËfl\T á ø£+|ü˙˝À |üì#˚dü÷Ô ñqï~. 19. My sister is working in this company.
20. e÷ Hêqï _J>± ñHêï&ÉT. 20. Our father is busy.
21. ø£$‘· ¬s’\T˝À ñqï~. 21. Kavitha is in the train.
22. ôd˝Ÿ bò˛Hé |üs¡T‡˝À ñqï~. 22. The cell-phone is in the purse.
23. e÷ ¬s’\T Hê+|ü*¢˝À ñqï~. 23. Our train is in Nampalli.
24. øÏc˛sY ø£wüº|ü&ç |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT . 24. Kishore is working hardly.
25. eTTs¡[ dæ+>∑|üPsY ˝À ñHêï&ÉT. 25. Murali is in Singapore.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Are = ñHêïeTT , ñHêïs¡T, ñqï$
All - Plurals
ãVüQe#·Hê\≈£î ` Are
friends.
Students.
We
They in the play ground.
Boys reading in the class.
Girls
Books Are h
on the table.
Chairs
g li s in the room.
Students E n
n writing the9
Children
ok e 5 2 3 exams.
Workers
u Sp 904making
9 noise.
Teachers am
R : 9 3
ll working in the factory.
Ce teaching.
35
Are = ñHêïeTT , ñHêïs¡T, ñqï$
1. y˚TeTT ùdïVæ≤‘·T\eTT. 1. We are friends.
2. yês¡T $<Ûë´s¡Tú\T. 2. They are students.
3. nu≤“sTT\T yÓTÆ<ëqeTT˝À ñHêïs¡T. 3. Boys are in the play ground.
4. ne÷àsTT\T ø±¢düT˝À #·<äTe⁄‘·THêïs¡T. 4. Girls are reading in the class.
5. |ü⁄düÔø±\T fÒãT˝Ÿô|’q ñqï$. 5. Books are on the table.
6. ≈£îØÃ\T s¡÷eTT˝À ñHêïsTT. 6. Chairs are in the room.
7. $<Ûë´s¡Tú\T |üØø£å\T sêdü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T. 7. Students are writing the exams.
8. |æ\¢\T >∑˝≤{≤ #˚düTÔHêïs¡T. 8. Children are making the noice.
9. |üìyêfi¯ófl bòÕ´ø£ºØ˝À |üì #˚düTÔHêïs¡T. 9. Workers are working in the factory.
10. ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\T uÀ~ÛdüTÔHêïs¡T. 10. Teachers are teaching.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
‘ Be ’ forms
are (ÄsY )
ns¡úeTT me]øÏ ? @ f…qT‡˝À ?
are
n˙ï ãVüQe#·q |ü<ë\≈£î ...
All the Plurals Present
ñHêïeTT We ,They , boys , girls , children...
Tense ˝À
ñHêïs¡T , ñqï$ ˇø£{Ï ø£+fÒ m≈£îÿe ñqï |ü<ë\≈£î ñ|üj÷Ó –kÕÔeTT
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
are = ñHêïeTT , ñHêïs¡T , ñqï$
1. y˚TeTT ùdïVæ≤‘·T\eTT. 1. We are friends.
2. y˚TeTT nqï<äeTTà\eTT.
li sh 2. We are brothers.
3. y˚TeTT $<ë´s¡Tú\eTT.
4. y˚TeTT ã&ç˝À ñHêïeTT. En g 3. We are students.
4. We are in the school.
5. y˚TeTT |üì˝À ñHêïeTT.
k en 2 3 9 5. We are in the work ( duty ).
6. yês¡T e÷ ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\T.
p o
S 904 95 6. They are our teachers.
7. MTs¡T #ê˝≤ eT+∫ yês¡T.
m u 3
7. You are very good.
Ra
8. MTs¡T #ê˝≤ n+<ä+>± ñHêïs¡T.
l : 9
9. MTs¡T #ê˝≤ ø£wüº|ü&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T.
8. You are very beautiful / handsome.
9. You are doing a hard work.
Cel
10. MTs¡T eT+∫ Vü≤è<äj·TeTT ø£\yês¡T. 10. You are a good hearted person.
11. ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT eT]j·TT dæøÏ+Á<ëu≤<äT »+≥ q>∑sê\T. 11. Hyderabad and secunderabad are twin cities.
12. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé eT]j·TT ÁøÏwüí Çø£ÿ&çøÏ edüTÔHêïs¡T. 12. Mohan and Krishna are coming here.
13. yês¡T ‹s¡T|ü‹ yÓfi¯óÔHêïs¡T. 13. They are going to Thirupati.
14. –] eT]j·TT n‘·&ç ≈£î≥T+ãeTT e÷ ô|[fløÏ edüTÔHêïs¡T. 14. Giri and his family are coming to our marriage.
15. y˚TeTT $TeTà*ï yÓT#·TÃø=+≥THêïeTT. 15. We are appreciating you.
16. |æ\¢\T ÁøÏ¬ø{Ÿ Ä&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T. 16. The children are playing cricket.
17. e÷ ‘·*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\T #ê˝≤ ø£wüº|ü&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T. 17. Our parents are doing hard-work.
18. e÷ ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\T eT+∫ •ø£åD ÇdüTÔHêïs¡T. 18. Our teachers are giving good coaching.
19. sêe÷sêyé eT]j·TT Hêπ>X¯«s¡sêyé eT+∫ q≥T\T. 19. Rama rao & Nageshwar rao are good actors.
20. n$T‘êuŸ eT]j·TT <Ûäπsà+Á<ä Væ≤+B V”≤s√\T. 20. Amithab & Dharmendra are Hindi heroes.
21. ≈£îe÷sY eT]j·TT •e ny˚T]ø± qT+&ç edüTÔHêïs¡T. 21. Kumar and Shiva are coming fromAmerica.
22. y˚TeT+‘ê ø£\\T ø£+≥÷ ñHêïeTT. 22. We all are dreaming.
23. e÷ ‘·eTTàfi¯ófl u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T˝À #·<äTe⁄‘·THêïs¡T. 23. Our brothers are studying in Bangalore.
24. e÷ |æ\¢\T e÷ ã+<ÛäTe⁄\ Ç+{À¢ ñHêïs¡T. 24. Our children are in our relative’s house.
25. Ç+^¢wt eT]j·TT Væ≤+B eTTKýÓTÆq uÛ≤wü\T. 25. English & Hindi are very important languages.

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Was = ñ+{Ïì , ñ+&ÓqT.
All- Singulars
ˇø£]øÏ ` e÷Á‘·y˚T ` Was
I
in Hyderabad
He
a Doctor.
She
a Nurse.
It
very tasty.
This
Seeta Was h
very big.
g l i s very beautiful.
Rama
En
David k en 3 9
very brave.
2
S p o 4 9 5
Mummy
mu 39 0 a police officer.
DaddyRa
l : 9 Cooking in the house.
My friend C el working here.
35
Was = ñ+{Ïì , ñ+&ÓqT.
1. H˚qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT˝À ñ+{Ïì 1. I was in Hyderabad.
2. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ &Üø£ºs¡T >± ñ+&ÓqT. 2. He was a Doctor.
3. ÄyÓT ˇø£ qs¡T‡>± ñ+&ÓqT. 3. She was a Nurse.
4. n~ #ê˝≤ s¡T∫>± ñ+&ÓqT. 4. It was very tasty.
5. Ç~ #ê˝≤ ô|<ä›>± ñ+&ÓqT. 5. This was very big .
6. d”‘· #ê˝≤ n+<ä+>± ñ+&ÓqT. 6. Seeta was very beautiful.
7. sêeTT #ê˝≤ <ÛÓ’s¡é⁄+‘·T&ç>± ñ+&ÓqT. 7. Rama was very brave.
8. &˚$&é ˇø£ b˛©düT Ä|ò”düs¡T>± ñ+&ÓqT. 8. David was a police officer.
9. neTà e+&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+&ÓqT. 9. Mummy was coking in the house.
10. Hêqï Çø£ÿ&É |üì#˚dü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 10. Daddy was working here.

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‘ Be ’ forms
was (yêCŸ )

n˙ï ... @ø£e#·q |ü<ë\≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T ...

was All - singulars Only Past
ñ+{Ïì I , he , she , it , this , that , Rama,
Tense ˝À
... ≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔeTT ...
ñ+&ÓqT
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
was = ñ+{Ïì , ñ+&ÓqT
1. H˚qT Ç+{À¢ ñ+{Ïì. 1. I was in the house ( at home ).
2. H˚qT u§+u≤sTT˝À ñ+{Ïì.
li sh 2. I was in Bombay.
3. H˚qT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT #˚dü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì.
4. H˚qT ø£cÕº\˝À ñ+{Ïì. En g 3. I was doing a job.
4. I was in the problems (troubles.)
5. H˚qT #ê˝≤ dü+‘√wü+>± ñ+{Ïì.
k en 2 3 9 5. I was very happy.
p o
6. n‘·&ÉT Çø£ÿ&É 2 HÓ\\T ñ+&ÓqT.
S 904 95 6. He was here for 2 months.
m u
7. n‘·&ÉT á Ç+{À¢ 3 dü+e‘·‡sê\T ñ+&ÓqT.
3
7. He was for 3 years in this house.
Ra l : 9
8. ÄyÓT Hê ¬s+&Ée ‘·s¡>∑‹˝À {°#·s¡T>± ñ+&ÓqT.
9. ÄyÓT #ê˝≤ ne÷j·Tø£+>± ñ+&ÓqT.
8. She was my second class teacher.
9. She was very innocent.
Cel
10. Äj·Tq ñ<Û√´>∑eTT #˚dü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 10. He was doing a job.
11. H˚qT n+<ä]˙ qeTTà‘·÷ ñ+{Ïì. 11. I was believing all.
12. áyÓT qqTï <˚«•dü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 12. She was hurting me.
13. H˚qT #ê˝≤ Äø£*>± ñ+{Ïì. 13. I was very hungry.
14. n~ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓqT. 14. It was here.
15. Ç~ nø£ÿ&É ñ+&ÓqT. 15. It was there.
16. ìqï e÷ ã&ç |üì#˚dü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 16. Our school was working yesterday.
17. H˚qT ô|<ä› yê]ì >ös¡$dü÷Ô ñ+{Ïì. 17. I was respecting the elders.
18. H˚qT b˛sTTq dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT ny˚T]ø±˝À ñ+{Ïì. 18. I was in America last year.
19. n‘·&TÉ b˛sTTq dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT eT+∫ ¨<ë˝À ñ+&ÓqT. 19. He was in the good position last year.
20. sêeTT #ê˝≤ düeTdü´\‘√ ñ+&ÓqT. 20. Ramu was with many problems.
21. d”‘· sêeTTìï Áù|$Tdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT. 21. Seeta was loving Ramu.
22. e÷ ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT Hêø√dü+ yÓ‘·T≈£î‘·÷ ñ+&ÓqT. 22. Our friend was searching for me.
23. Ä‘·&çø√dü+ H˚qT ≈£L&Ü yÓ‘·T≈£î‘·÷ ñ+{Ïì. 23. I was also searching for him.
24. Äs√E#ê˝≤ u≤>∑T+&ç+~. 24. That day was very nice.
25. Á|ürs√E Hê≈£î Áø=‘·Ô>± ñ+&˚~. 25. Every day was very new to me.

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Were = ñ+{Ï$T , ñ+&ç], ñ+&ÓqT
All - Plurals
ãVüQe#·Hê\≈£î ` Were
friends.
We Students.
They
in the play ground.
Boys
Girls reading in the class.
Books Were
on the table.
Chairs
Students l is h
Children En g in the room.
Workers k en writing
2 3 9exams.
the
Teachers p o 9 5
S 904 making noise.
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel working in the factory.
teaching.
35
Were = ñ+{Ï$T , ñ+&ç], ñ+&ÓqT
1. y˚TeTT ùdïVæ≤‘·T\T>± ñ+{Ï$T. 1. We were friends.
2. yês¡T $<Ûë´s¡Tú\T>± ñ+&ç]. 2. They were students.
3. nu≤“sTT\T yÓTÆ<ëqeTT˝À ñ+&ç]. 3. Boys were in the play ground.
4. ne÷àsTT\T ø±¢düT˝À #·<äTe⁄‘·T+&ç]. 4. Girls were reading in the class.
5. |ü⁄düÔø±\T fÒãT˝Ÿô|’q ñ+&ÓqT. 5. Books were on the table.
6. ≈£îØÃ\T s¡÷eTT˝À ñ+&ÓqT. 6. Chairs were in the room.
7. $<Ûë´s¡Tú\T |üØø£å\T sêdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. 7. Students were writing the exams.
8. |æ\¢\T >∑˝≤{≤ #˚düTÔ+&ç]. 8. Children were making the noice.
9. |üìyêfi¯ófl bòÕ´ø£ºØ˝À |üì #˚düTÔ+&ç]. 9. Workers were working in the factory.
10. ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\T uÀ~ÛdüTÔ+&ç]. 10. Teachers were teaching.

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‘ Be ’ forms
were ( esY )

were
n˙ï ãVüQe#·q |ü<ë\≈£î ...
All the Plurals Past
ñ+{Ï$T, We ,They , boys , girls , children... Tense ˝À
ñ+&ç], ñ+&ÓqT ˇø£{Ï ø£+fÒ m≈£îÿe ñqï |ü<ë\≈£î ñ|üj÷Ó –kÕÔeTT
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Were = ñ+{Ï$T , ñ+&ç] , ñ+&ÓqT
1. y˚TeTT ùdïVæ≤‘·T\T>± ñ+{Ï$T. 1. We were friends.
2. y˚TeTT dæ+>∑|üPsY ˝À ñ+{Ï$T.
li sh 2. We were in Singapore.
3. y˚TeTT #ê˝≤ Äq+<ä+>± ñ+{Ï$T.
En g 3. We were very happy.
4. y˚TeT+‘ê edü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$T.
k en
5. y˚TeT+‘ê MT >∑T]+∫ #·]Ãdü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$T.
2 3 9 4. We were coming.
5. We were discussing.
p o
6. y˚TeT+‘ê MT >∑T]+∫ Ä˝À∫dü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$T.
S 904 95 6. We were thinking about you.
m u
7. MTs¡T eTeTà*ï ‹&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+&ç].
3
7. You were scolding us.
Ra l : 9
8. MTs¡T eTeTà*ï nqTe÷ìdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. 8. You were doubting us.
Cel
9. yês¡T eTeTà*ï <˚«•dü÷Ô ñ+&ç].
10 . <=+>∑\T bÕ]b˛‘·÷ ñ+&ç].
9. They were hating us.
10. The thieves were running.
11. b˛©düT\T yÓ+ã&çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. 11. The police ( cops ) were chasing.
12. yês¡T nqTe÷ìdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. 12. They were doubting.
13. e÷ {°#·s¡T¢ |üØø£å\T ô|&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+&ç]. 13. Our teachers were conducting the exams.
14. yês¡T ãVüQeT‘·T\T Çdü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. 14. They were giving the gifts.
15. y˚TeTT eT+∫ ñ<Û√´>±\˝À ñ+{Ï$T. 15. We were in the good jobs.
16. ne÷àsTT\T qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+&ç]. 16. The girls were laughing.
17. |æ\¢\T Á>ö+&ÉT˝À Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+&ç]. 17. The children were playing in the ground.
18. e÷ ne÷à Hêqï ny˚T]ø±˝À ñ+&ç]. 18. Our parents were in America.
19. e÷ Ç+&çj·÷˝À ø=+‘· eT+~ >=|üŒ ©&És¡T¢ ñ+&ç]. 19. Some great leaders were in our India.
20. ÁøÏ¬ø{Ÿ ˝À eT+∫ Ä≥>±fi¯ófl ñ+&ç]. 20. Good players were in the cricket.
21. n$ ≈£LØÃ ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+&ÓqT. 21. They were under the chair.
22. •e eT]j·TT n‘·&ç ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT >√yê˝À ñ+&ç]. 22. Shiva and his friend were in Goa.
23. u≤$˝À bÕeTT\T ñ+&ÓqT. 23. The snakes were in the well.
24. ¬s’˝Ò«ùdºwüqT˝À ¬s’fi¯ófl ñ+&ÓqT. 24. The trains were in the railway-station.
25. ãkÕº+&ÉT˝À ãdüT‡\T ¬s&û>± ñ+&ÓqT. 25. The busses were ready in the bus-stand.

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Will be = ñ+{≤qT , ñ+{≤eTT , ñ+{≤s¡T , ñ+{≤&ÉT , ñ+{≤sTT, ñ+≥T+~.
Any body
me«]¬øH’ ê
Very busy.
I friends.
We
Students.
They
Boys in the play ground.
Girls reading in the class.
Book h
Chair
Will be
g l is on the table.
E nroom.
Students
k enin the
2 3 9
Children
S p o 4 9
writing 5the exams.
Teachers
m u 39 0
Ra l : 9 making noise.
Cel teaching.
35
1. H˚qT #ê˝≤ _J>± ñ+{≤qT. 1. I will be very busy.
2. y˚TeTT ùdïVæ≤‘·T\T>± ñ+{≤eTT. 2. We will be friends.
3. yês¡T $<ë´s¡Tú\T>± ñ+{≤s¡T. 3. They will be students.
4. nu≤“sTT\T yÓTÆ<ëqeTT˝À ñ+{≤s¡T. 4. Boys will be in the play ground.
5. ne÷àsTT\T ø±¢düT˝À #·<äTe⁄‘·T+{≤s¡T. 5. Girls will be reading in the class.
6. |ü⁄düÔø£eTT fÒãT˝Ÿô|’q ñ+≥T+~. 6. Book will be on the table.
7. ≈£îØÃ s¡÷eTT˝À ñ+≥T+~. 7. Chair will be in the room.
8. $<Ûë´s¡Tú\T |üØø£å\T sêdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. 8. Students will be writing the exams.
9. |æ\¢\T >∑˝≤{≤ #˚düTÔ+{≤s¡T. 9. Children will be making the noice.
10. ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\T uÀ~ÛdüTÔ+{≤s¡T. 10. Teachers will be teaching.

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‘ Be ’ forms
will be ($˝Ÿ _ )
will be
me«]¬ø’Hê Future
ñ+{≤qT , ñ+{≤eTT
ñ+{≤s¡T , ñ+{≤&ÉT , All Tense ˝À
ñ+{≤sTT, ñ+≥T+~.
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
1. H˚qT ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ç˝≤ ñ+{≤qT ( uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À ).
2. y˚TeTT dæ+>∑|üPsY ˝À ñ+{≤eTT.
li sh 1. I will be a friend.
2. We will be in Singapore.
3. MTs¡T #ê˝≤ Äq+<ä+>± ñ+{≤s¡T.
En g 3. You will be very happy.
4. y˚TeT+‘ê edü÷Ô ñ+{≤eTT.
k en
5. y˚TeT+‘ê MT >∑T]+∫ #·]Ãdü÷Ô ñ+{≤eTT.
2 3 9 4. We will be coming.
p o
S 904
6. y˚TeT+‘ê MT >∑T]+∫ Ä˝À∫dü÷Ô ñ+{≤eTT. 95 5. We will be discussing.
6. We will be thinking about you.
m u
7. MTs¡T eTeTà*ï ‹&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{≤s¡T.
3 7. You will be scolding us.
Ra l : 9
8. MTs¡T eTeTà*ï nqTe÷ìdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. 8. You will be doubting us.
Cel
9. n‘·&ÉT eTeTà*ï <˚«•dü÷Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT.
10 . <=+>∑\T bÕ]b˛‘·÷ ñ+{≤s¡T.
9. He will be hating us.
10. The thieves will be running.
11. b˛©düT\T yÓ+ã&çdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. 11. The police ( cops ) will be chasing.
12. ÄyÓT nqTe÷ìdü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~. 12. She will be doubting.
13. e÷ {°#·s¡T |üØø£å\T ô|&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+≥T+~. 13. Our teachers will be conducting the exams.
14. yês¡T ãVüQeT‘·T\T Çdü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. 14. They will be giving the gifts.
15. y˚TeTT eT+∫ ñ<Û√´>±\˝À ñ+{≤eTT. 15. We will be in the good jobs.
16. ne÷àsTT\T qe⁄«‘·÷ ñ+{≤s¡T. 16. The girls will be laughing.
17. |æ\¢\T Á>ö+&ÉT˝À Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{≤s¡T. 17. The children will be playing in the ground.
18. e÷ ne÷à Hêqï ny˚T]ø±˝À ñ+{≤s¡T. 18. Our parents will be in America.
19. e÷ Ç+&çj·÷˝À ø=+‘· eT+~ >=|üŒ ©&És¡T¢ ñ+{≤s¡T. 19. Some great leaders will be in our India.
20. ÁøÏ¬ø{Ÿ ˝À eT+∫ Ä≥>±fi¯ófl ñ+{≤s¡T. 20. Good players will be in the cricket.
21. n$ ≈£LØÃ ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+{≤sTT. 21. They will be under the chair.
22. •e eT]j·TT n‘·&ç ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT >√yê˝À ñ+{≤s¡T. 22. Shiva and his friend will be in Goa.
23. u≤$˝À bÕeTT\T ñ+{≤sTT. 23. The snakes will be in the well.
24. ¬s’˝Ò«ùdºwüqT˝À ¬s’fi¯ófl ñ+{≤sTT. 24. The trains will be in the railway-station.
25. ãkÕº+&ÉT˝À ãdüT‡\T ¬s&û>± ñ+≥T+~. 25. The buses will be ready in the bus-stand.

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Using Have-forms
Ist , 2nd persons and 3rd person
3rd person Plurals only singulars only
He
I Present She
Present
We It
You have This
has
You
s
That
li h
They
These En gRama
Those
k en 3 9
Seetha
2
Rama and seetha p o
S 904 95 Boy
Boys
m u 3 Girl
Past
Girls Ra
Past l : 9 Pen
Pens
Cel Book
Books had
Cats
had Cat
Rat
Rats
Lion
Lions
Tiger
Tigers Future
Doctors Bus
Singers Car
Bells
Future Train
will have
Cars
will have Aeroplane
Buses Teacher
H.M.

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Have = ø£*– ñHêïqT , ø£*– ñHêïeTT , ø£*– ñHêïe⁄ , ø£*– ñHêïs¡T, ø£*– ñqï$, ø£*– ñHêïsTT
All - Plurals + I
ãVüQe#·Hê\≈£î ` Have
a car.
I
a good idea.
You
a big building.
We
They a bike.
Students a big class room.
Children Have h
g l is good knowledge.
Workers
Ena lot of work.
k en 2 3 9
Teachers
S p o 4 95some problems.
Doctors
mu 39 0
R a l : 9 patience.
Lawyers
C el
many doubts.
35
1. H˚qT ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñHêïqT. 1. I have a car.

2. ˙e⁄ eT+∫ Ä˝À#·q ø£*– ñHêïe⁄. 2. You have a good Idea.
3. y˚TeTT ˇø£ ô|<ä› uÛÑeqeTT ø£*– ñHêïeTT. 3. We have a big building.
4. yês¡T ˇø£ u…’≈£îqT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 4. They have a bike.
5. $<Ûë´s¡Tú\T ˇø£ ô|<ä› ø±¢düT s¡÷eTTqT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 5. Students have a big class room.
6. $<ë´s¡Tú\T eT+∫ ‘Ó*$ì ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 6. Children have good knowledge.
7. |üìyês¡T #ê˝≤ |üìì ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 7. Workers have a lot of work.
8. ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\T ø=ìï düeTdü´\T ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 8. Teachers have some problems.
9. yÓ’<ÛäT´\T z|æø£qT øÏ*– ñHêïs¡T. 9. Doctors have patience.
10. ˝≤j·Ts¡T¢ #ê˝≤ nqTe÷Hê\qT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 10. Lawyers have many doubts.

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‘ Have ’ forms
have (Vü‰ýé )

have
Hê≈£î, e÷≈£î n˙ï ãVüQe#·Hê\≈£î
ø£*– ñHêïqT , ø£*– ñHêïeTT I ,We ,They , boys , girls , children... Present
ø£*– ñHêïe⁄ , ø£*– ñHêïsT¡ Except - 3rd person Singulars
Tense ˝À
ø£*– ñqï$ , ø£*– ñHêïsTT 3e e´øÏÔ ` @ø£e#·Hê\≈£î ‘·|Œü ..n+<ä]ø°
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
1. H˚qT eT+∫ ù|s¡TqT ø£*– ñHêïqT. 1. I have a good name.

2. H˚qT eT+∫ ¨<ëqT ø£*– ñHêïqT.
li sh 2. I have a good status.
3. H˚qT ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñHêïqT.
En
4. y˚TeTT ˇø£ ô|<ä› Ç+{Ïì ø£*– ñHêïeTT. g 3. I have a car.
4. We have a big house.
5. ˙e⁄ eT+∫ Ä˝À#·q ø£*– ñHêïe⁄ .
k en 2 3 9 5. You have a good thought.
p o
6. ˙e⁄ eT+∫ C≤„|üø£ X¯øÏÔì ø£*– ñHêïe⁄.
S 904
7. MTs¡T eT+∫ ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T.95 6. You have a good memory.
7. You have a good job.
m u 3
8. MTs¡T #ê˝≤ &ÉãT“qT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 8. You have a lot of money.
Ra : 9
9. yês¡T ˇø£ ô|<ä› {°.M.ì ø£*– ñHêïs¡T.
l 9. They have a big T.V.
Cel
10. yês¡T ˇø£ dæìe÷ ~∏j˚T≥s¡T ø£*– ñHêïs¡T.
11. yês¡T Ç<ä›s¡T ( 2 ) |æ\¢\qT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T.
10. They have a cinema theatre.
11. They have 2 children.
12. yês¡T eTTdü* ‘·*¢ <ä+Á&ÉT\qT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 12. They have old parents.
13. H˚qT mH√ï |üqT\qT ø£*– ñHêïqT. 13. I have many works.
14. H˚qT m+‘√ nqTuÛÑeeTT ø£*– ñHêïqT. 14. I have a lot of experience.
15. y˚TeTT m+‘√ düeTj·÷ìï ø£*– ñHêïeTT. 15. We have a lot of time.
16. y˚TeTT eT+∫ C≤„Hêìï ø£*– ñHêïeTT. 16. We have good knowledge.
17. ˙e⁄ ˇø£ bòÕ]Hé ôd˝Ÿ bò˛Hé ø£*– ñHêïe⁄. 17. You have a foreign cell-phone.
18. ˙e⁄ eT+∫ ≈£î≥T+u≤ìï ø£*– ñHêïe⁄. 18. You have a nice family.
19. MTs¡T ˇø£ ø£+|üP´≥sYqT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 19. You have a computer.
20. MTs¡T Ç+≥¬sï{Ÿ kÂø£s¡éTT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 20. You have the internet facility.
21. MTs¡T Äø£s¡¸˙j·TyÓTÆq eTTUeTT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 21. You have an attracting face.
22. |æ\¢\T ô|<ä› ã&çì ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 22. The children have a big school.
23. |æ\¢\T eT+∫ {°#·s¡¢qT ø£*– ñHêïs¡T. 23. The children have good teachers.
24. y˚TeTT eT+∫ HÍø£s¡TqT ø£*– ñHêïeTT. 24. We have a good servant.
25. y˚TeTT ˇø£ ô|<ä› Ä≥düú\eTTqT ø£*– ñHêïeTT. 25. We have a big play-ground.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Has = ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT , ø£*– ñqï~
3 rd Persons - Singulars
ˇø£]øÏ ` e÷Á‘·y˚T ` Has
a car.
He
long hair.
She
a small tail.
It
4 legs.
This
Seeta Has some problems.
Rama h
g li s
good knowledge.
1n
David
n E lakh Rupees.
9
Mummy
ok e 105 2 3
p
S 904 9 sarees.
Daddy
mu 3
R
My friend a l : 9 a govt job.
Cel a new bike.
35
Has = ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT , ø£*– ñqï~
1. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 1. He has a car.
2. ÄyÓT bı&É>±{Ï E≥TºqT ø£*– ñ+~. 2. She has long hair.
3. n~ ˇø£ ∫qï ‘√ø£qT ø£*– ñ+~. 3. It has a small tail.
4. Ç~ 4 ø±fi¯flqT ø£*– ñqï~. 4. This has 4 legs.
5. d”‘· ø=ìï düeTdü´\qT ø£*– ñqï~. 5. Seeta has some problems.
6. sêeTT eT+∫ ‘Ó*$ì ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 6. Rama has good knowledge.
7. &˚$&é ˇø£ \ø£å s¡÷bÕj·T\T ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 7. David has 1 lakh Rupees.
8. neTà 10 Ns¡\qT ø£*– ñqï~. 8. Mummy has 10 sarees.
9. Hêqï ˇø£ >∑es¡ïyÓT+{Ÿ ñ<√´>∑eTT ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 9. Daddy has a govt Job.
10. Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT ˇø£ eT+∫ u…’≈£îqT ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 10. My friend has a new bike.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
‘ Have ’ forms
has (Vü‰ĆŸ )
eT÷&Ée e´øÏÔ ... @ø£e#·q |ü<ë\≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T

has 3rd Person - singulars Only Present
ø£*– ñqï~ He , she , it , this , that , Rama, ...
Tense ˝À
ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT ≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T ñ|üjÓ÷–kÕÔeTT ...
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Has = ø£*– ñqï~ , ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT
1. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ H√øÏj·÷ yÓTTu…’˝Ÿ ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 1. He has a nokia mobile.

2. ÄyÓT bı&ÉyÓ’q E≥TºqT ø£*– ñqï~.
li sh 2. She has a long hair.
3. áyÓT n+<äyÓTÆq eTTKeTT ø£*– ñqï~.
En g
4. Äj·Tq ˇø£ ô|<ä› yê´bÕs¡eTT ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT.
3. She has a beautiful face.
4. He has a big business.
en
5. s¡$ #ê˝≤ <ÛäqeTTqT ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT.
k 2 3 9 5. Ravi has a lot of money.
p o 5
6. Ç‘·&ÉT 3 ã+>±s¡|ü⁄ ñ+>∑sê\qT ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT.
S 904
7. ÄyÓT ˇø£· HÓø£¢dt qT ø£*– ñqï~. 9 6. He has 3 golden rings.
7. She has a necklace.
m u 3
8. e÷ Hêqï ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 8. Our father has a car.
Ra : 9
9. e÷ #ÓfiË¢\T eT+∫ C≤„Hêìï ø£*– ñqï~.
l 9. Our sister has good knowledge.
Cel
10. n~ eT+∫ yêdüq ø£*– ñqï~.
11. yê&ÉT ˇø£ nqTe÷Hêìï ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT.
10. It has a good smell.
11. He has a doubt.
12. •e eT+∫ dü«uÛ≤yêìï ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 12. Shiva has a good character.
13. –] eT+∫ n\yê≥T¢ ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 13. Giri has good habits.
14. e÷ neTà mH√ï u≤<Ûä*ï ø£*– ñqï~. 14. Our mother has many worries.
15. düTC≤‘· eT+∫ uÛÑs¡ÔqT ø£*– ñqï~. 15. Sujatha has a good husband.
16. sêDÏ ˇø£ eTTKýÓTÆq |üìì ø£*– ñqï~. 16. Rani has an important work.
17. C≤qøÏ eT+∫ ø√]ø£\qT ø£*– ñ+~. 17. Janaki has good desires.
18. e÷ ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT Áù|eTqT ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 18. My friend has love.
19. dü+^‘· ˇø£ ‘·eTTàìï ø£*– ñqï~. 19. Sangeeta has a brother.
20. e÷ eT+Á‹ ˇø£ n+>∑s¡ø£å≈£îìï ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 20. Our minister has a body-guard.
21. CÀ´‹ ás√E |üØø£å\T ø£*– ñqï~. 21. Jyothi has exams today.
22. e÷ #Ó*¢ kÕÿ\sY wæ|t qT ø£*– ñqï~. 22. Our sister has scholarship.
23. •e⁄&ÉT ‘·\ô|’ >∑+>∑qT ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 23. Shiva has Ganga on his head.
24. e÷ Äqïj·T´ <ÛÓ’sê´ìï ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 24. Our brother has dare ness.
25. Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT <˚«XÊìï ø£*– ñHêï&ÉT. 25. Our friend has enmity.

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Had = ø£*– ñ+{Ïì , ø£*– ñ+{Ï$T, ø£*– ñ+{Ï$ , ø£*– ñ+&ç], ø£*– ñ+&ç+~ , ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT, ...
Any body
me«]¬øH’ ê
a car.
I many ideas.
We
a lot of money.
He
She a good memory.
It
They Had some problems.
Chair li sh good knowledge.
Parents E g
n6 legs.
Our friends k e 9
n some23fearness.
Raju & p o 9 5
S 904 govt jobs.
sateesh m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel a big business.
35
Had = ø£*– ñ+{Ïì , ø£*– ñ+{Ï$T, ø£*– ñ+{Ï$ , ø£*– ñ+&ç], ø£*– ñ+&ç+~ , ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT, ...
1. H˚qT ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñ+{Ïì. 1. I had a car.

2. y˚TeTT eT+∫ Ä˝À#·q\qT ø£*– ñ+{Ï$T. 2. We had many ideas.
3. n‘·&ÉT #ê˝≤ &ÉãT“qT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 3. He had a lot of money.
4. ÄyÓT eT+∫ C≤„|üø£ X¯øÏÔì ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 4. She had a good memory.
5. n~ ø=ìï düeTdü´\qT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 5. It had some problems.
6. yês¡T eT+∫ ‘Ó*$ì ø£*– ñ+&ç]. 6. They had good knowledge.
7. ≈£îØÃ 6 ø±fi¯flqT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 7. Chair had 6 legs.
8. ‘·*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\T ø=+#Ó+ uÛÑj·÷ìï ø£*– ñ+&ç]. 8. Parents had some fearness.
9. e÷ ùdïVæ≤‘·T\T |Á u
ü TÑÛ ‘·« ñ<Û√´>±\qT ø£*– ñ+&ç]. 9. Our friends had govt jobs.
10. sêE dürwt ˇø£ |ô <ä› yê´bÕs¡eTT ø£*– ñ+&ç]. 10. Raju & Satish had a big business.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
‘ Have ’ forms
had (Vü‰´&é )
had me«]¬ø’Hê ... á |ü<äeTT yê&Ée#·TÃ

ø£*– ñ+{Ïì , ø£*– ñ+{Ï$T Use to Any subject Past
I , you ,we , he , she , it , this , that , Rama, they...
ø£*– ñ+{Ï$ , ø£*– ñ+&ç] Tense ˝À
ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT , ø£*– ñ+&˚~ @ düu…®≈£îº¬ø’Hê .... ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e#·TÃ
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Had = ø£*– ñ+{Ïì , ø£*– ñ+{Ï$T, ø£*– ñ+{Ï$ , ø£*– ñ+&ç], ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT , ø£*– ñ+&˚~
1. H˚qT eT+∫ ù|s¡TqT ø£*– ñ+{Ïì. 1. I had a good name.
2. H˚qT eT+∫ ¨<ëqT ø£*– ñ+{Ïì.
li sh 2. I had a good status.
3. H˚qT ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñ+{Ïì.
4. y˚TeTT ˇø£ ô|<ä› Ç+{Ïì ø£*– ñ+{Ï$T.
En g 3. I had a car.
4. We had a big building.
5. ˙e⁄ eT+∫ Ä˝À#·q ø£*– ñ+{Ï$ .
k en 2 3 9 5. You had a good thought.
p o
6. ˙e⁄ eT+∫ C≤„|üø£ X¯øÏÔì ø£*– ñ+{Ï$.
S 904
7. MTs¡T eT+∫ ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø£*– ñ+&ç]. 95 6. You had a good memory.
7. You had a good job.
m u
8. MTs¡T #ê˝≤ &ÉãT“qT ø£*– ñ+&ç].
3 8. You had a lot of money.
Ra : 9
9. yês¡T ˇø£ ô|<ä› {°.M.ì ø£*– ñ+&ç].
l 9. They had a big T.V.
Cel
10. yês¡T ˇø£ dæìe÷ ~∏j˚T≥s¡T ø£*– ñ+&ç].
11. yês¡T Ç<ä›s¡T ( 2 ) |æ\¢\qT ø£*– ñ+&ç].
10. They had a cinema theatre.
11. They had 2 children.
12. yês¡T eTTdü* ‘·*¢ <ä+Á&ÉT\qT ø£*– ñ+&ç]. 12. They had old parents.
13. H˚qT mH√ï |üqT\qT ø£*– ñ+{Ïì. 13. I had many works.
14. H˚qT m+‘√ nqTuÛÑeeTT ø£*– ñ+{Ïì. 14. I had a lot of experience.
15. y˚TeTT m+‘√ düeTj·÷ìï ø£*– ñ+{Ï$T. 15. We had a lot of time.
16. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ H√øÏj·÷ yÓTTu…’˝Ÿ ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 16. He had a nokia mobile.
17. ÄyÓT bı&ÉyÓ’q E≥TºqT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 17. She had a long hair.
18. áyÓT n+<äyÓTÆq eTTKeTT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 18. She had a beautiful face.
19. Äj·Tq ˇø£ ô|<ä› yê´bÕs¡eTT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 19. He had a big business.
20. s¡$ #ê˝≤ <ÛäqeTTqT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 20. Ravi had a lot of money.
21. Ç‘·&ÉT 3 ã+>±s¡|ü⁄ ñ+>∑sê\qT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 21. He had 3 golden rings.
22. ÄyÓT ˇø£· HÓø£¢dt qT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 22. She had a necklace.
23. e÷ Hêqï ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 23. Our father had a car.
24. e÷ #ÓfiËfl\T eT+∫ C≤„Hêìï ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 24. Our sister had good knowledge.
25. n~ eT+∫ yêdüq ø£*– ñ+&ÓqT. 25. It had a good smell.

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Will have = ø£*– ñ+{≤qT , ø£*– ñ+{≤eTT , ø£*– ñ+{≤e⁄ , ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T,
ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT , ø£*– ñ+≥T+~, ø£*– ñ+{≤sTT...
Any body me«]¬ø’Hê

a car.
I
many ideas.
We
He a lot of money.
She a good memory.

It
Will have some problems.
They
Chair
l is h good knowledge.
Parents
E6n
g
legs.
Our friends
k e 3 9
n some2fearness.
Raju & sateesh p o 9 5
S 904 govt jobs.
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel a big business.
Will have = ø£*– ñ+{≤qT , ø£*– ñ+{≤eTT , ø£*– ñ+{≤e⁄ , ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T,
35
ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT , ø£*– ñ+≥T+~, ø£*– ñ+{≤sTT...
1. H˚qT ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñ+{≤qT. 1. I will have a car.
2. y˚TeTT eT+∫ Ä˝À#·q\qT ø£*– ñ+{≤eTT. 2. We will have many ideas.
3. n‘·&ÉT #ê˝≤ &ÉãT“qT ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT. 3. He will have a lot of money.
4. ÄyÓT eT+∫ C≤„|üø£ X¯øÏÔì ø£*– ñ+≥T+~. 4. She will have a good memory.
5. n~ ø=ìï düeTdü´düqT ø£*– ñ+≥T+~. 5. It will have some problems.
6. yês¡T eT+∫ ‘Ó*$ì ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T. 6. They will have good knowledge.
7. ≈£îØÃ 6 ø±fi¯flqT ø£*– ñ+≥T+~. 7. Chair will have 6 legs.
8. ‘·*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\T ø=+#Ó+ uÛÑj·÷ìï ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T. 8. Parents will have some fearness.
9. e÷ ùdïVæ≤‘·T\T |Á u
ü TÑÛ ‘·« ñ<Û√´>±\qT ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T. 9. Our friends will have govt jobs.
10. sêE dürwt ˇø£ |ô <ä› yê´bÕs¡eTT ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T. 10. Raju & Satish will have a big business.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
‘ Have ’ forms
Will have ($˝Ÿ Vü‰ýé )

Will have
me«]¬ø’Hê ... á |ü<äeTT yê&Ée#·TÃ
ø£*– ñ+{≤qT , ø£*– ñ+{≤eTT
Use to Any subject Future
I , you ,we , he , she , it , this , that , Rama, they...
ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T , ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT Tense ˝À
ø£*– ñ+≥T+~ @ düu…®≈£îº¬ø’Hê .... ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e#·TÃ
ñ<ëVü≤s¡D\T
Will have = ø£*– ñ+{≤qT , ø£*– ñ+{≤eTT, ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T , ø£*– ñ+{≤sTT, ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT , ø£*– ñ+≥T+~
1. H˚qT eT+∫ ù|s¡TqT ø£*– ñ+{≤qT. 1. I will have a good name.

2. H˚qT eT+∫ ¨<ëqT ø£*– ñ+{≤qT.
li sh 2. I will have a good status.
3. H˚qT ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñ+{≤qT.
4. y˚TeTT ˇø£ ô|<ä› Ç+{Ïì ø£*– ñ+{≤eTT.En g 3. I will have a car.
4. We will have a big building.
5. ˙e⁄ eT+∫ Ä˝À#·q ø£*– ñ+{≤e⁄ .
k en 2 3 9 5. You will have a good thought.
p o
6. ˙e⁄ eT+∫ C≤„|üø£ X¯øÏÔì ø£*– ñ+{≤e⁄.
S 904 95 6. You will have a good memory.
m u
7. MTs¡T eT+∫ ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T.
3
7. You will have a good job.
Ra l : 9
8. MTs¡T #ê˝≤ &ÉãT“qT ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T.
9. yês¡T ˇø£ ô|<ä› {°.M.ì ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T.
8. You will have a lot of money.
9. They will have a big T.V.
Cel
10. yês¡T ˇø£ dæìe÷ ~∏j˚T≥s¡T ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T. 10. They will have a cinema theatre.
11. yês¡T Ç<ä›s¡T ( 2 ) |æ\¢\qT ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T. 11. They will have 2 children.
12. yês¡T eTTdü* ‘·*¢ <ä+Á&ÉT\qT ø£*– ñ+{≤s¡T. 12. They will have old parents.
13. H˚qT mH√ï |üqT\qT ø£*– ñ+{≤qT. 13. I will have many works.
14. H˚qT m+‘√ nqTuÛÑeeTT ø£*– ñ+{≤qT. 14. I will have a lot of experience.
15. y˚TeTT m+‘√ düeTj·÷ìï ø£*– ñ+{≤eTT. 15. We will have a lot of time.
16. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ H√øÏj·÷ yÓTTu…’˝Ÿ ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT. 16. He will have a nokia mobile.
17. ÄyÓT bı&ÉyÓ’q E≥TºqT ø£*– ñ+≥T+~. 17. She will have a long hair.
18. áyÓT n+<äyÓTÆq eTTKeTT ø£*– ñ+≥T+~. 18. She will have a beautiful face.
19. Äj·Tq ˇø£ ô|<ä› yê´bÕs¡eTT ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT. 19. He will have a big business.
20. s¡$ #ê˝≤ <ÛäqeTTqT ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT. 20. Ravi will have a lot of money.
21. Ç‘·&ÉT 3 ã+>±s¡|ü⁄ ñ+>∑sê\qT ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT. 21. He will have 3 golden rings.
22. ÄyÓT ˇø£· HÓø£¢dt qT ø£*– ñ+≥T+~. 22. She will have a necklace.
23. e÷ Hêqï ˇø£ ø±s¡TqT ø£*– ñ+{≤&ÉT. 23. Our father will have a car.
24. e÷ #ÓfiËfl\T eT+∫ C≤„Hêìï ø£*– ñ+≥T+~. 24. Our sister will have good knowledge.
25. n~ eT+∫ yêdüq ø£*– ñ+≥T+~. 25. It will have a good smell.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Future - forms
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔqT dü÷∫+#˚
|ü<ë\T
düVü≤»+>± á |ü<ë\T ...
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔqT dü÷∫+#˚ nsêúìï ÇdüTÔ+{≤sTT ø±ã{Ïº ... M{Ïì

Future - forms nì #Ó|ü⁄Œø√e#·TÃ ....
eTTKýÓTqÆ M{Ïì @ ôdu…®≈£îº\¬ø’Hê ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e#·TÃ ... @MT ‘·|ü⁄Œ ˝Ò<äT .... eTTKýÓTqÆ
ø±˙... |ü<ë\T e÷πsÃ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT... yê{Ï nsêú\T ≈£L&Ü e÷]b˛‘·T+{≤sTT...
$wüjT· eTT $wüjT· eTT
M{Ïì C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>± ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·&É+ ... H˚s¡TÃ≈£î+fÒ ... #ê\T
I
Will
We
li sh would
You
En g shall
He
k en 2 3 9 should
She
p o 95
It
This am +
u S 904
9 3
can
could
That R ll :
they Ce
Future - forms
may
These might
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔqT dü÷∫+#˚ |ü<ë\T
Those must
Rama
Have to
Seeta
Boys Has to
Girls
Daddy
+ Need to
Dare to
Mummy
Sir Eager to
Madam...etc Ought to
Used to

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Future- Forms
Any body
me«]¬øH’ ê
I Will
We Would go
You
Shall come
He
She Should
eat
It
This
Can
li shdrink
That Could
En g learn
They
k en 2 3 9
These p o
May
S Might 904 95 sing
Those m u 3 read
Rama Ra l 9
:Must
Seeta el
C Must & Should play
Boy jump
Girl Have to
Bus kill
Has 35
to
Car buy
Train Need to
Aeroplane
sell
Dare to
Doctor give
Lawyer Eager to
take
Driver(s) Ought to
Worker(s)
Used to

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Future- Forms
will.............. uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì #˚kÕÔqT ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ...
would.......... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì #˚dæ ñ+{≤qT ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ...

shall............ uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì #˚j·÷* ... nì ÄC≤„|æ+#·&É+...
should......... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À ..K∫Ã‘·+>± . ˇø£ |üìì #˚dæ ñ+&Ü* ... nì ÄC≤„|æ+#·&É+ ...
can.............. eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üìì #˚j·T >∑*–‘˚ ..>∑\qT ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ...
could........... @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì #˚dæ ñ+&É>∑\qT ... nì eTq kÕeTsêú´ìï #·÷|ü&ÜìøÏ...
i s h
may............. uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À ..ˇø£ |üìì... #˚j·Te#·TÃ .. nnìg #Ól|üŒ&ÜìøÏ ...
n E 9
ì ...e#˚dæ ñ+&Ée#·TÃ ..2nì3#Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ...
might........... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .... ˇø£ |üìk
S p o 9 5
4#Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ ( ÄC≤„|üq )..
must............ @<Ó’Hêu
m ø£∫Ã‘·+>± #Ój·÷´*9
3 0
... nì
a 9
R K∫Ãl‘l·+>±: ... #˚ùd ñ+&ç rsê* ... nì ÄC≤„|æ+#·&ÜìøÏ..
must&should @<Ó’Hê e
C
have to......... Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT @<Ó’Hê #˚j·÷* ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
has to............ Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT @<Ó’Hê #˚j·÷* ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
need to.......... @<Ó’Hê eTq≈£î nedüs¡eTT ñ+~ ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
dare to.......... @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üìì #˚j·T&ÜìøÏ <ÛÓ’s¡´+ ñ+~ ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
eager to......... eTq˝Àì ÄÁ‘·T‘· , ñã˝≤≥+ , Äsê≥+ ... #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
ought to........ yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~ , sêyê*‡ìï+~, e÷{≤¢&Ü*‡ìï+~... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
used to.......... >∑‘·+˝À.. @<Ó’Hê .. n\yê≥T ñ+&˚ |üìì ...>∑T]+∫ #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ

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Will... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì #˚kÕÔqT ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ...
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤ÔqT.

I will go to school tomorrow.
Will... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì #˚kÕÔqT ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ...

1. H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ekÕÔqT.
li sh 1. I will come tomorrow.
2. y˚TeTT πs|ü⁄ yÓfi≤ÔeTT.
En g 2. We will go tomorrow.
3. MTs¡T >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷kÕÔs¡T.
k en
4. düT<Ûëø£sY e#˚Ã yês¡eTT &ÉãT“\T ÇkÕÔ&ÉT.
2 3 9 3. You will see after 1 hour.
4. Sudhakar will give the money next week.
5. •e eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ ìÁ<ä˝ÒkÕÔ&ÉT. p o
S 904 95 5. Shiva will get up afternoon.
m u
6. y˚TeTT kÕj·T+Á‘·+ uÀ»qeTT #˚kÕÔeTT.
3
6. We will have our lunch in the evening.
Ra l : 9
7. yês¡T sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î bÕ≥\T $+{≤s¡T.
8. C≤qøÏ sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\≈£î q÷´dt #·÷düTÔ+~.
7. They will listen the songs at 8 P.M.
Cel
9. H˚qT &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø=+{≤qT.
8. Janaki will watch the News at 9 P.M.
9. I will take the money day after tomorrow.
10. dü+^‘· e#˚Ã |üØø£å˝À¢ bÕdt ne⁄‘·T+~. 10. Sangeeta will pass the next exams.
11. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé πs|ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î yÓfi≤Ô&ÉT. 11. Mohan will go to the movie tomorrow.
12. düTπswt πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ ekÕÔ&ÉT. 12. Suresh will come to school tomorrow.
13. y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ yÓfi≤ÔeTT. 13. We will go to the temple on Saturday.
14. n‘·&ÉT Hê≈£î 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· &ÉãT“\T ÇkÕÔ&ÉT. 14. He will give the amount after 2 days.
15. >√bÕ˝Ÿ 6 e ‘˚Bq ô|[fløÏ ÄVü‰«ìkÕÔ&ÉT. 15. Gopal will invite to the marriage on 6th.
16. düTπswt ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT |ü+&ÉT>∑ s√Eq <Ûä]kÕÔ&ÉT. 16. Suresh will wear the new clothes on festival.
17. e÷ Hêqï e#˚Ã HÓ\˝À ˝ÀHé rdüTø=+{≤&ÉT. 17. My father will take the loan next month.
18. á yÓTTø£ÿ\T 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· ô|s¡T>∑T‘êsTT. 18. These plants will grow after 2 days.
19. e÷ Hêqï ≥÷sY≈£î yÓfi¯ófl≥≈£î ˇ|ü⁄Œ≈£î+{≤&ÉT. 19. Our father will agree to go to the tour.
20. n‘· & É T ô | [fl ‘· s ê«‘· e÷s¡ T ‘ê&É T . 20. He will change after the marriage.
21. y˚TeTT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #˚s¡Tø=+{≤eTT. 21. We will reach after 1 hour.
22. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À dü+bÕ~kÕÔ&ÉT. 22. He will earn with in a year.
23. e÷ {°#·s¡T qqTï πs|ü⁄ •øÏåkÕÔ&ÉT. 23. Our teacher will punish tomorrow.
24. y˚TeT+‘ê e#˚Ã Ä~yês¡eTT ‹‹s¡s¡ T|ü‹ì <ä]ÙkÕÔeTT. 24. We all will visit Tirupathi next Sunday.
25. n‘·&ÉT πs|ü⁄ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈£î ÄVü‰«ìkÕÔ&ÉT. 25. He will invite to the festival.

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Would ... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì |üP]Ô #˚dæ ñ+{≤qT ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ...
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓ[fl nø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤qT.

I would go to school tomorrow.
Would ... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì |üP]Ô #˚dæ ñ+{≤qT ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ...
1. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ e∫Ã ñ+{≤qT. li sh 1. I would come tomorrow.

2. y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ yÓ[fl ñ+{≤eTT.
En g 2. We would go tomorrow.
3. MTs¡T >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷dæ ñ+{≤s¡T.
k en 2 3
4. düT<Ûëø£sY e#˚Ã yês¡eTT &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+{≤&ÉT.9 3. You would see after 1 hour.
4. Sudhakar would give the money next week.
p o
5. •e eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ ìÁ<˝ä ∫Ò ñ+{≤&ÉT.
S 904 95 5. Shiva would get up afternoon.
m u
6. y˚TeTT kÕj·T+Á‘+· uÀ»qeTT #˚dæ ñ+{≤eTT.
3
6. We would have our lunch in the evening.
Ra l : 9
7. yês¡T sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î bÕ≥\T $ì ñ+{≤s¡T.
8. C≤qøÏ sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\≈£î q÷´dt #·÷dæ ñ+≥T+~.
7. They would listen the songs at 8 P.M.
Cel
9. H˚qT &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø=ì ñ+{≤qT.
8. Janaki would watch the News at 9 P.M.
9. I would take the money day after tomorrow.
10. dü+^‘· e#˚Ã |üØø£˝å À¢ bÕdt nsTT ñ+≥T+~. 10. Sangeeta would pass the next exams.
11. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé sπ |ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î yÓ[fl ñ+{≤&ÉT. 11. Mohan would go to the movie tomorrow.
12. düTsπ wt sπ |ü⁄ ã&çøÏ e∫Ã ñ+{≤&ÉT. 12. Suresh would come to school tomorrow.
13. y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ yÓ[fl ñ+{≤eTT. 13. We would go to the temple on Saturday.
14. n‘·&TÉ Hê≈£î 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+{≤&ÉT. 14. He would give the amount after 2 days.
15. >√bÕ˝Ÿ 6 e ‘˚Bq |ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+{≤&ÉT. 15. Gopal would invite to the marriage on 6th.
16. düTsπ wt ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT |ü+&ÉT>∑ s√Eq <Û]ä +∫ ñ+{≤&ÉT. 16. Suresh would wear the new clothes on festival.
17. e÷ Hêqï e#˚Ã HÓ\˝À ˝ÀHé rdüTø=ì ñ+{≤&ÉT. 17. My father would take the loan next month.
18. á yÓTTø£ÿ\T 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· |ô s¡T– ñ+{≤sTT. 18. These plants would grow after 2 days.
19. e÷ Hêqï ≥÷sY≈î£ yÓfió¯ fl≥≈£î ˇ|ü⁄Œø=ì ñ+{≤&ÉT. 19. Our father would agree to go to the tour.
20. n‘·&TÉ |ô [fl ‘·sê«‘· e÷] ñ+{≤&ÉT. 20. He would change after the marriage.
21. y˚TeTT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #˚sT¡ ø=ì ñ+{≤eTT. 21. We would reach after 1 hour.
22. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À dü+bÕ~+∫ ñ+{≤&ÉT. 22. He would earn with in a year.
23. e÷ {°#s· T¡ qqTï sπ |ü⁄ •øÏ+å ∫ ñ+{≤&ÉT. 23. Our teacher would punish tomorrow.
24. y˚TeT+‘ê e#˚ÃÄ~yês¡eTT ‹s¡T|ü‹ì <ä]Ù+∫ ñ+{≤eTT. 24. We all would visit Tirupathi next Sunday.
25. n‘·&TÉ sπ |ü⁄ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈î£ ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+{≤&ÉT. 25. He would invite to the festival.

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Shall uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì #˚j·÷* ... nì ÄC≤„|æ+#·&É+
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤fl* .

I shall go to school tomorrow.
Shall uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì #˚j·÷* ... nì ÄC≤„|æ+#·&É+

1. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ sêyê*.
li sh 1. I shall come tomorrow.
2. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ yÓfi≤fl*.
3. H˚qT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷&Ü*. En g 2. I shall go tomorrow.
k en
4. H˚qT e#˚Ã yês¡eTT &ÉãT“\T Çyê«*. 2 3 9 3. I shall see after 1 hour.
4. I shall give the money next week.
p o
5. H˚qT eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ ìÁ<bä ˛yê*.
S 904 95 5. I shall sleep in the afternoon.
m u
6. H˚qT ‘=+<äs>¡ ± uÀ»qeTT #˚j÷· *.
3
6. I shall have my lunch early.
Ra l : 9
7. H˚qT sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î bÕ≥\T $Hê*.
8. H˚qT sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\≈£î q÷´dt #·÷&Ü*.
7. I shall listen the songs at 8 P.M.
8. I shall watch the News at 9 P.M.
Cel
9. H˚qT &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø√yê*. 9. I shall take money day after tomorrow.
10. H˚qT e#˚Ã |üØø£˝å À¢ bÕdt nyê«*. 10. I shall pass the next exams.
11. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î yÓfi≤fl*. 11. I shall go to the movie tomorrow.
12. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤fl*. 12. I shall go to the school tomorrow.
13. H˚qT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ yÓfi≤fl*. 13. I shall go to the temple on saturday.
14. H˚qT 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· &ÉãT“\T Çyê«*. 14. I shall give the amount after 2 days.
15. H˚qT 6 e ‘˚Bq |ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+#ê*. 15. I shall invite to the marriage on 6th.
16. H˚qT ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT |ü+&ÉT>∑ s√Eq <Û]ä +#ê*. 16. I shall wear the new clothes on festival.
17. H˚qT e#˚Ã HÓ\˝À ˝ÀHé rdüTø√yê*. 17. I shall take the loan next month.
18. H˚qT 2 HÓ\˝À¢ |ô s¡>±*. 18. I shall grow within 2 months.
19. H˚qT ≥÷sY≈î£ yÓfi≤fl*. 19. I shall go to the tour.
20. H˚qT |ô [fl ‘·sê«‘· e÷sê*. 20. I shall change after the marriage.
21. H˚qT ˇø£ >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #˚sT¡ ø√yê*. 21. I shall reach after 1 hour.
22. H˚qT ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À dü+bÕ~+#ê*. 22. I shall earn with in a year.
23. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ •øÏ+å #ê*. 23. I shall punish tomorrow.
24. H˚qT e#˚Ã Ä~yês¡eTT ‹s¡T|ü‹ì <ä]Ù+#ê*. 24. I shall visit Tirupathi next Sunday.
25. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈î£ ÄVü‰«ì+#ê*. 25. I shall invite to the festival tomorrow..

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Should ... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì |üP]Ô #˚dæ ñ+&Ü* ... nì ÄC≤„|æ+#·&É+
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓ[fl nø£ÿ&É ñ+&Ü*.

I should go to school tomorrow.
Should ... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì |üP]Ô #˚dæ ñ+&Ü* ... nì ÄC≤„|æ+#·&É+
1. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ e∫Ã ñ+&Ü*. li sh 1. I should come tomorrow.

2. y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
En g 2. We should go tomorrow.
3. MTs¡T >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷dæ ñ+&Ü*.
k en 2 3 9 3. You should see after 1 hour.
4. düT<Ûëø£sY e#˚Ã yês¡eTT &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+&Ü*. 4. Sudhakar should give the money next week.
p o
5. •e eT<Ûë´Vü≤ï+ ìÁ<˝ä ∫Ò ñ+&Ü*.
S 904 95 5. Shiva should get up in the afternoon.
m u
6. y˚TeTT kÕj·T+Á‘+· uÀ»qeTT #˚dæ ñ+&Ü*. 6. We should have our lunch in the evening.
3
Ra l : 9
7. yês¡T sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î bÕ≥\T $ì ñ+&Ü*. 7. They should listen the songs at 8 P.M.
8. C≤qøÏ sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\ q÷´dt #·÷dæ ñ+&Ü*. 8. Janaki should watch the News at 9 P.M.
Cel
9. H˚qT &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø=ì ñ+&Ü*. 9. I should take money day after tomorrow.
10. dü+^‘· e#˚Ã |üØø£˝å À¢ bÕdt nsTT ñ+&Ü*. 10. Sangeeta should pass the next exams.
11. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé sπ |ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*. 11. Mohan should go to the movie tomorrow.
12. düTsπ wt sπ |ü⁄ ã&çøÏ e∫Ã ñ+&Ü*. 12. Suresh should come to school tomorrow.
13. y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*. 13. We should go to the temple on Saturday.
14. n‘·&TÉ Hê≈£î 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+&Ü*. 14. He should give the amount after 2 days.
15. >√bÕ˝Ÿ 6 e ‘˚Bq |ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+&Ü*. 15. Gopal should invite to the marriage on 6th.
16. düTsπ wt ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT |ü+&ÉT>∑ s√Eq <Û]ä +∫ ñ+&Ü*. 16. Suresh should wear the new clothes on festival.
17. e÷ Hêqï e#˚Ã HÓ\˝À ˝ÀHé rdüTø=ì ñ+&Ü*. 17. My father should take the loan next month.
18. á yÓTTø£ÿ\T 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· |ô s¡T– ñ+&Ü*. 18. These plants should grow after 2 days.
19. e÷ Hêqï ≥÷sY≈î£ yÓfió¯ fl≥≈£î ˇ|ü⁄Œø=ì ñ+&Ü*. 19. Our father should agree to go to the tour.
20. n‘·&TÉ |ô [fl ‘·sê«‘· e÷] ñ+&Ü*. 20. He should change after the marriage.
21. y˚TeTT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #˚sT¡ ø=ì ñ+&Ü*. 21. We should reach after 1 hour.
22. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À dü+bÕ~+∫ ñ+&Ü*. 22. He should earn with in a year.
23. e÷ {°#s· T¡ qqTï sπ |ü⁄ •øÏ+å ∫ ñ+&Ü*. 23. Our teacher should punish tomorrow.
24. y˚TeT+‘ê e#˚Ã Ä~yês¡eTT ‹s¡T|ü‹ì <ä]Ù+∫ ñ+&Ü*. 24. We all should visit Tirupathi next Sunday.
25. n‘·&TÉ sπ |ü⁄ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈î£ ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+&Ü*. 25. He should invite to the festival.
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Can eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üìì #˚j·T >∑*–‘˚ ..>∑\qT ... nì eTq kÕeTsêú´ìï #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓfi¯fl>∑\qT ( #˚‘·qe⁄‘·T+~)

I can go to school tomorrow.
Can eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üìì #˚j·T >∑*–‘˚ ..>∑\qT ... nì eTq kÕeTsêú´ìï #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
1. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ sê >∑\qT.
li sh 1. I can come tomorrow.
2. y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ yÓfifl¯ >∑\eTT.
3. MTs¡T >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷&É >∑\s¡T. En g 2. We can go tomorrow.
k en 2
4. düT<Ûëø£sY e#˚Ã yês¡eTT &ÉãT“\T Çe« >∑\&ÉT.3 9 3. You can see after 1 hour.
4. Sudhakar can give the money next week.
5. •e ‘Ó\y¢ ês¡T C≤eTTq ìÁ<˝ä j p o
S 904 95
Ò T· >∑\&ÉT. 5. Shiva can get up in the early morning.
m u
6. y˚TeTT ‘=+<äs>¡ ∑ uÀ»qeTT #˚jT· >∑\eTT.
3
6. We can have our lunch early.
Ra l : 9
7. yês¡T sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î bÕ≥\T $q >∑\s¡T.
8. C≤qøÏ sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\ q÷´dt #·÷&É >∑\<äT.
7. They can listen the songs at 8 P.M.
8. Janaki can watch the News at 9 P.M.
Cel
9. H˚qT &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø√ >∑\qT. 9. I can take the money day after tomorrow.
10. dü+^‘· e#˚Ã |üØø£˝å À¢ bÕdt ne« >∑\<äT. 10. Sangeeta can pass the next exams.
11. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé sπ |ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î yÓfifl¯ >∑\&ÉT. 11. Mohan can go to the movie tomorrow.
12. düTsπ wt sπ |ü⁄ ã&çøÏ sê >∑\&ÉT. 12. Suresh can come to school tomorrow.
13. y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ yÓfifl¯ >∑\eTT. 13. We can go to the temple on Saturday.
14. n‘·&TÉ Hê≈£î 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· &ÉãT“\T Çe« >∑\&ÉT. 14. He can give the amount after 2 days.
15. >√bÕ˝Ÿ 6 e ‘˚Bq |ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+#· >∑\&ÉT. 15. Gopal can invite to the marriage on 6th.
16. düTsπ wt ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT |ü+&ÉT>∑ s√Eq <Û]ä +#· >∑\&ÉT. 16. Suresh can wear the new clothes on festival.
17. e÷ Hêqï e#˚Ã HÓ\˝À ˝ÀHé rdüTø√ >∑\&ÉT. 17. My father can take the loan next month.
18. á yÓTTø£ÿ\T 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· |ô s¡>∑ >∑\e⁄. 18. These plants can grow after 2 days.
19. e÷ Hêqï nqTeT‹ ìe« >∑\&ÉT. 19. Our father can give the permission.
20. n‘·&TÉ |ô [fl ‘·sê«‘· e÷s¡ >∑\&ÉT. 20. He can change after the marriage.
21. y˚TeTT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #˚sT¡ ø√ >∑\eTT. 21. We can reach after 1 hour.
22. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À dü+bÕ~+#· >∑\&ÉT. 22. He can earn with in a year.
23. e÷ {°#s· T¡ sπ |ü⁄ •øÏ+å #· >∑\&ÉT. 23. Our teacher can punish tomorrow.
24. y˚TeT+‘ê e#˚Ã Ä~yês¡eTT ‹s¡T|ü‹ì <ä]Ù+#· >∑\eTT. 24. We all can visit Tirupathi on the next Sunday.
25. n‘·&TÉ sπ |ü⁄ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈î£ ÄVü‰«ì+#· >∑\&ÉT. 25. He can invite to the festival tomorrow..

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Could ... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì |üP]Ô #˚dæ ñ+&É>∑\qT ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓ[fl nø£ÿ&É ñ+&É>∑\qT.

I Could go to school tomorrow.
Could ... uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À .. @<Ó’Hê .. ˇø£ |üìì |üP]Ô #˚dæ ñ+&É>∑\qT ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
1. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ e∫Ã ñ+&É >∑\qT. li sh 1. I could come tomorrow.

2. y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\eTT.
E
3. MTs¡T >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷dæ ñ+&É >∑\s¡T.n g 2. We could go tomorrow.
k en 2 3 9 3. You could see after 1 hour.

4. düT<Ûëø£sY e#˚Ã yês¡eTT &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 4. Sudhakar could give the money next week.
p o 95
5. •e ‘Ó\y¢ ês¡T C≤eTTq ìÁ<˝ä ∫Ò ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 5. Shiva could get up in the early morning.
S 904
m u
6. y˚TeTT ‘=+<äs>¡ ∑ uÀ»qeTT #˚dæ ñ+&É >∑\eTT. 6. We could have our lunch early.
3
Ra l : 9
7. yês¡T sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î bÕ≥\T $ì ñ+&É >∑\s¡T. 7. They could listen the songs at 8 P.M.
8. C≤qøÏ sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\ q÷´dt #·÷dæ ñ+&É >∑\<äT. 8. Janaki could watch the News at 9 P.M.
Cel
9. H˚qT &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø=ì ñ+&É >∑\qT. 9. I could take money day after tomorrow.
10. dü+^‘· e#˚Ã |üØø£˝å À¢ bÕdt nsTT ñ+&É >∑\<äT. 10. Sangeeta could pass the next exams.
11. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé sπ |ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 11. Mohan could go to the movie tomorrow.
12. düTsπ wt sπ |ü⁄ ã&çøÏ e∫Ã ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 12. Suresh could come to school tomorrow.
13. y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\eTT. 13. We could go to the temple on Saturday.
14. n‘·&TÉ Hê≈£î 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 14. He could give the amount after 2 days.
15. >√bÕ˝Ÿ 6 e ‘˚Bq|ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 15. Gopal could invite to the marriage on 6th.
16. düTsπ wt ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT |ü+&ÉT>∑ s√Eq <Û]ä +∫ ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 16. Suresh could wear the new clothes on festival.
17. e÷ Hêqï e#˚Ã HÓ\˝À ˝ÀHé rdüTø=ì ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 17. My father could take the loan next month.
18. á yÓTTø£ÿ\T 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· |ô ]– ñ+&É >∑\e⁄. 18. These plants could grow after 2 days.
19. e÷ Hêqï nqTeT‹ì Ç∫Ã ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 19. Our father could give the permission.
20. n‘·&TÉ |ô [fl ‘·sê«‘· e÷] ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 20. He could change after the marriage.
21. y˚TeTT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #˚sT¡ ø=ì ñ+&É >∑\eTT. 21. We could reach after 1 hour.
22. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À dü+bÕ~+∫ ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 22. He could earn with in a year.
23. e÷ {°#s· T¡ qqTï sπ |ü⁄ •øÏ+å ∫ ñ+&É >∑\<äT. 23. Our teacher could punish tomorrow.
24. y˚TeT+‘ê e#˚Ã Ä~yês¡eTT ‹s¡T|ü‹ì <ä]Ù+∫ ñ+&É >∑\eTT. 24. We all could visit Tirupathi next Sunday.
25. n‘·&TÉ sπ |ü⁄ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈î£ ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT. 25. He could invite to the festival tomorrow..
------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
May eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üìì #˚j·Te#·TÃ ... nì nqTe÷q+‘√ ... 50 ` 50 #ÛêHé‡>± #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓfi¯fle#·TÃ ... ( nqTe÷q+ )

I may go to school tomorrow.
( 50 - 50 Chance)
May eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üìì #˚j·Te#·TÃ ... nì nqTe÷q+‘√ ... 50 ` 50 #ÛêHé‡>± #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
li sh
1. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ sêe#·TÃ ( sêø£b˛e#·TÃ 50 ` 50 #êHé‡ ). 1. I may come tomorrow.( 50 - 50 Chance)
3. MTs¡T >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷&Ée#·T.Ã En g

2. y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ yÓfifl¯ e#·TÃ ( yÓfifl¯ ø£b˛e#·TÃ ). 2. We may go tomorrow.
k en
4. düT<Ûëø£sY e#˚Ã yês¡eTT &ÉãT“\T Çe«e#·T.Ã2 3 9 3. You may see after 1 hour.
4. Sudhakar may give the money next week.
5. •e ‘Ó\y¢ ês¡T C≤eTTq ìÁ<˝ä j p o
S 904 95
Ò T· e#·T.Ã 5. Shiva may get up in the early morning.
m u
6. y˚TeTT ‘=+<äs>¡ ∑ uÀ»qeTT #˚jT· e#·T.Ã
3
6. We may have our lunch early.
Ra l : 9
7. yês¡T sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î bÕ≥\T $qe#·T.Ã
8. C≤qøÏ sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\ q÷´dt #·÷&Ée#·T.Ã
7. They may listen the songs at 8 P.M.
Cel
9. H˚qT &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø√e#·T.Ã
8. Janaki may watch the News at 9 P.M.
9. I may take money day after tomorrow.
10. dü+^‘· e#˚Ã |üØø£˝å À¢ bÕdt ne«e#·T.Ã 10. Sangeeta may pass the next exams.
11. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé sπ |ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î yÓfifl¯ e#·T.Ã 11. Mohan may go to the movie tomorrow.
12. düTsπ wt sπ |ü⁄ ã&çøÏ sêe#·T.Ã 12. Suresh may come to school tomorrow.
13. y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ yÓfifl¯ e#·T.Ã 13. We may go to the temple on Saturday.
14. n‘·&TÉ Hê≈£î 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· &ÉãT“\T Çe«e#·T.Ã 14. He may give the amount after 2 days.
15. >√bÕ˝Ÿ 6 e ‘˚Bq |ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+#·e#·T.Ã 15. Gopal may invite to the marriage on 6th.
16. düTsπ wt ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT |ü+&ÉT>∑ s√Eq <Û]ä +#·e#·T.Ã 16. Suresh may wear the new clothes on festival.
17. e÷ Hêqï e#˚Ã HÓ\˝À ˝ÀHé rdüTø√e#·T.Ã 17. My father may take the loan next month.
18. á yÓTTø£ÿ\T 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· |ô s¡>e∑ #·T.Ã 18. These plants may grow after 2 days.
19. e÷ Hêqï nqTeT‹ì Çe«e#·T.Ã 19. Our father may give the permission.
20. n‘·&TÉ |ô [fl ‘·sê«‘· e÷s¡e#·T.Ã 20. He may change after the marriage.
21. y˚TeTT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #˚sT¡ ø√e#·T.Ã 21. We may reach after 1 hour.
22. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À dü+bÕ~+#·e#·T.Ã 22. He may earn with in a year.
23. e÷ {°#s· T¡ qqTï sπ |ü⁄ •øÏ+å #·e#·T.Ã 23. Our teacher may punish tomorrow.
24. y˚TeT+‘ê e#˚Ã Ä~yês¡eTT ‹s¡|‹ü ì <ä]Ù+#·e#·T.Ã 24. We all may visit Tirupathi next Sunday.
25. n‘·&TÉ sπ |ü⁄ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈î£ ÄVü‰«ì+#·e#·T.Ã 25. He may invite to the festival.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Might eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üìì|üP]Ô #˚dæ ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.... nì nqTe÷q+‘√ ... 50 ` 50 #ÛêHé‡>± #Ó|üŒ&É+
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·TÃ ...

I might go to school tomorrow.
( 50 - 50 Chance)
Might eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üìì|üP]Ô #˚dæ ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.... nì nqTe÷q+‘√ ... 50 ` 50 #ÛêHé‡>± #Ó|üŒ&É+
i sh
1. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ e∫Ã ñ+&Ée#·TÃ (e∫Ã ñ+&Éø£ b˛e#·TÃ ).
l 1. I might come tomorrow.
3. MTs¡T >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷dæ ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã En g

2. y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·TÃ ( ñ+&Éøb£ ˛e#·TÃ ). 2. We might go tomorrow.
k en 3
4. düT<Ûëø£sY e#˚Ã yês¡eTT &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã
2 9 3. You might see after 1 hour.
4. Sudhakar might give the money next week.
p o
S 904 9
5. •e ‘Ó\y¢ ês¡T C≤eTTq ìÁ<˝ä ∫Ò ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã5 5. Shiva might get up in the early morning.
m u
6. y˚TeTT ‘=+<äs>¡ ∑ uÀ»qeTT #˚dæ ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã
3
7. yês¡T sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î bÕ≥\T $ì ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã
6. We might have our lunch early.
Ra : 9
8. C≤qøÏ sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\ q÷´dt #·÷dæ ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã
l
7. They might listen the songs at 8 P.M.
8. Janaki might watch the News at 9 P.M.
Cel
9. H˚qT &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø=ì ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 9. I might take money day after tomorrow.
10. dü+^‘· e#˚Ã |üØø£˝å À¢ bÕdt nsTT ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 10. Sangeeta might pass the next exams.
11. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé sπ |ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 11. Mohan might go to the movie tomorrow.
12. düTsπ wt sπ |ü⁄ ã&çøÏ e∫Ã ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 12. Suresh might come to school tomorrow.
13. y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 13. We might go to the temple on Saturday.
14. n‘·&TÉ Hê≈£î 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 14. He might give the amount after 2 days.
15. >√bÕ˝Ÿ 6 e ‘˚Bq |ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 15. Gopal might invite to the marriage on 6th.
16. düTsπ wt ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT |ü+&ÉT>∑ s√Eq <Û]ä +∫ ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 16. Suresh might wear the new clothes on festival.
17. e÷ Hêqï e#˚Ã HÓ\˝À ˝ÀHé rdüTø=ì ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 17. My father might take the loan next month.
18. á yÓTTø£ÿ\T 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· |ô ]– ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 18. These plants might grow after 2 days.
19. e÷ Hêqï nqTeT‹ì Ç∫Ã ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 19. Our father might give the permission.
20. n‘·&TÉ |ô [fl ‘·sê«‘· e÷] ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 20. He might change after the marriage.
21. y˚TeTT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· #˚] ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 21. We might reach after 1 hour.
22. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À dü+bÕ~+∫ ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 22. He might earn with in a year.
23. e÷ {°#s· T¡ qqTï sπ |ü⁄ •øÏ+å ∫ ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 23. Our teacher might punish tomorrow.
24. y˚TeT+‘ê e#˚ÃÄ~yês¡eTT ‹s¡T|ü‹ì <ä]Ù+∫ ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 24. We all might visit Tirupathi next Sunday.
25. n‘·&TÉ sπ |ü⁄ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈î£ ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+&Ée#·T.Ã 25. He might invite to the festival tomorrow..

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Must ... @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì ø£∫Ã‘·+>± #Ój·÷´* ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ ( ÄC≤„|üq )
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ K∫Ã‘·+>± yÓfi≤fl* ...

( Hê≈£î H˚H˚ Ä»„ )
I must go to school tomorrow.
( order)
Must ... @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì ø£∫Ã‘·+>± #Ój·÷´* ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ ( ÄC≤„|üq )
1. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ K∫Ã‘+· >± sêyê*.
li sh 1. I must come tomorrow.
2. y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*.
En
3. MTs¡T >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· K∫Ã‘+· >± #·÷&Ü*.
g 2. We must go tomorrow.
k en 2 3 9 3. You must see after 1 hour.

4. düT<Ûëø£sY e#˚Ã yês¡eTT K∫Ã‘+· >± &ÉãT“\T Çyê«*. 4. Sudhakar must give the money next week.
p o
S 904
6. MTs¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± uÀ»qeTT #˚j÷· *. 95
5. •e ‘Ó\y¢ ês¡TC≤eTTq K∫Ã‘+· >± ìÁ<˝ä yÒ ê*. 5. Shiva must get up early morning.
m u 3
6. You must have lunch.
7. yês¡T sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î K∫Ã‘+· >± bÕ≥\T $Hê*. 7. They must listen the songs at 8 P.M.
Ra : 9
8. C≤qøÏ K∫Ã‘+· >± sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\ q÷´dt #·÷&Ü*. 8. Janaki must watch the News at 9 P.M.
l
Cel
9. H˚qT K∫Ã‘+· >± &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø√yê*. 9. I must take money day after tomorrow.
10. dü+^‘· e#˚Ã |üØø£˝å À¢ K∫Ã‘+· >± bÕdt nyê«*. 10. Sangeeta must pass the next exams.
11. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé sπ |ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*. 11. Mohan must go to the movie tomorrow.
12. düTsπ wt sπ |ü⁄ ã&çøÏ K∫Ã‘+· >± sêyê*. 12. Suresh must come to school tomorrow.
13. y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*. 13. We must go to the temple on Saturday.
14. n‘·&TÉ Hê≈£î K∫Ã‘+· >± &ÉãT“\T Çyê«*. 14. He must give the amount .
15. >√bÕ˝Ÿ K∫Ã‘+· >± |ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+#ê*. 15. Gopal must invite to the marriage .
16. düTsπ wt ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT K∫Ã‘+· >± <Û]ä +#ê*. 16. Suresh must wear the new clothes .
17. e÷ Hêqï e#˚Ã HÓ\˝À K∫Ã‘+· >± ˝ÀHé rdüTø√yê*. 17. My father must take the loan next month.
18. á yÓTTø£ÿ\T 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· K∫Ã‘+· >± |ô s¡T>±*. 18. These plants must grow after 2 days.
19. e÷ Hêqï ≥÷sY≈î£ yÓfió̄fl≥≈£î K∫Ã‘+· >± ˇ|ü⁄Œø√yê*. 19. Our father must agree to go to the tour.
20. n‘·&TÉ |ô [fl ‘·sê«‘· K∫Ã‘+· >± e÷sê*. 20. He must change after the marriage.
21. y˚TeTT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· K∫Ã‘+· >± #˚sT¡ ø√yê*. 21. We must reach after 1 hour.
22. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À K∫Ã‘+· >± dü+bÕ~+#ê*. 22. He must earn with in a year.
23. e÷ {°#s· T¡ qqTï K∫Ã‘+· >± •øÏ+å #ê*. 23. Our teacher must punish me.
24.yT̊eT+‘êe#˚Ä~yês¡Ã eTTK∫Ã‘+· >±‹s¡T|ü‹<ä]Ù+#ê*. 24. We all must visit Tirupathi next Sunday.
25. n‘·&TÉ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈î£ K∫Ã‘+· >± ÄVü‰«ì+#ê*. 25. He must invite to the festival tomorrow..
------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Must & Should... @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì ø£∫Ã‘·+>± #˚dæ ñ+&ç rsê* ... ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ ( ÄC≤„|üq )
House
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ K∫Ã‘·+>± yÓ[fl ñ+&ç rsê*...

( Hê≈£î H˚H˚ Ä»„ )
I must & Should go to school tomorrow.
( order)
Must & Should... @<ÓH’ ê ˇø£ |üì ø£∫‘Ã +· >± #˚dæ ñ+&ç rsê* ... nì #Ó|Œü &ÜìøÏ ( ÄC≤„|qü )
1. H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ K∫Ã‘+· >± e∫Ã ñ+&ç rsê*.
li sh 1. I must & should come tomorrow.
En
2. y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ[fl ñ+&ç rsê*.g 2. We must & should go tomorrow.
3. MTs¡T >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· K∫Ã‘+· >± #·÷dæ ñ+&ç rsê*. 3. You must & should see after 1 hour.
k en 3 9
4. düT<Ûëø£sY e#˚Ã yês¡eTT K∫Ã‘+· >± &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+&ç rsê*. 4. Sudhakarmust & should givethemoneynext week.
2
p o 95
5. •e ‘Ó\y¢ ês¡TC≤eTTq K∫Ã‘+· >± ˝Ò∫ ñ+&ç rsê*. 5. Shiva must & should get up early morning.
S 904
m u
6. MTs¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± uÀ»qeTT #˚dæ ñ+&ç rsê*. 6. You must & should have lunch.
3
7. yês¡T sêÁ‹ 8 >∑+!\≈£î K∫Ã‘+· >± bÕ≥\T $ì ñ+&ç rsê*. 7. They must & should listen the songs at 8 P.M.
Ra : 9
8. C≤qøÏ K∫Ã‘+· >± sêÁ‹ 9 >∑+!\ q÷´dt #·÷dæ ñ+&ç rsê*. 8. Janaki must & should watch the News at 9 P.M.
l
Cel
9. H˚qT K∫Ã‘+· >± &ÉãT“\T m\T¢+&ç rdüTø=ì ñ+&ç rsê*. 9. I must & should take money day after tomorrow.
10. dü+^‘· e#˚Ã |üØø£˝å À¢ K∫Ã‘+· >± bÕdt nsTT ñ+&ç rsê*. 10. Sangeeta must & should pass the next exams.
11. yÓ÷Vü≤Hésπ |ü⁄ dæìe÷≈£î K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ[fl ñ+&ç rsê*. 11. Mohan must & should gotothemovietomorrow.
12. düTsπ wt sπ |ü⁄ ã&çøÏ K∫Ã‘+· >± e∫Ã ñ+&ç rsê*. 12. Suresh must & should come to school tomorrow.
13. y˚TeTT X¯ìyês¡eTT >∑T&çøÏ K∫Ã‘·+>± yÓ[fl ñ+&ç rsê*. 13. We must & should go to the temple on Saturday.
14. n‘·&TÉ Hê≈£î K∫Ã‘+· >± &ÉãT“\T Ç∫Ã ñ+&ç rsê*. 14. He must & should give the amount after 2 days.
15. >√bÕ˝Ÿ K∫Ã‘+· >± |ô [fløÏ ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+&ç rsê*. 15. Gopal must & should invite to the marriage .
16. düTsπ wt ø=‘·Ô ã≥º\qT K∫Ã‘+· >± <Û]ä +∫ ñ+&ç rsê*. 16. Suresh must & should wear the new clothes .
17. e÷ Hêqï e#˚ÃHÓ\˝À K∫Ã‘+· >± ˝ÀHé rdüTø£ì ñ+&ç rsê*. 17. Myfathermust & should taketheloannextmonth.
18. á yÓTTø£ÿ\T 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· K∫Ã‘+· >± |ô ]– ñ+&ç rsê*. 18. These plants must & should grow after 2 days.
19. e÷ Hêqï K∫Ã‘+· >± ˇ|ü⁄Œø=ì ñ+&ç rsê*. 19. Our father must & should agree to go to the tour.
20. n‘·&TÉ |ô [fl ‘·sê«‘· K∫Ã‘+· >± e÷] ñ+&ç rsê*. 20. He must & should change after the marriage.
21. y˚TeTT >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· K∫Ã‘+· >± #˚sT¡ ø=ì ñ+&ç rsê*. 21. We must & should reach after 1 hour.
22. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT˝À K∫Ã‘+· >± dü+bÕ~+∫ ñ+&ç rsê*. 22. He must & should earn with in a year.
23. e÷ {°#s· T¡ qqTï K∫Ã‘+· >± •øÏ+å ∫ ñ+&ç ‘êsê* . 23. Our teacher must & should punish me.
24. y˚TeT+‘ê e#˚ÃÄ~yês¡eTT K∫Ã‘+· >± ‹s¡T|ü‹ <ä]Ù+∫ rsê*. 24. We all must & should visitTirupathi next Sunday.
25. n‘·&TÉ |ü+&ÉT>∑≈î£ K∫Ã‘+· >± ÄVü‰«ì+∫ ñ+&ç rsê*. 25. He must & should invite to the festival.
------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Have to ...Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT @<Ó’Hê #˚j·÷* ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
H˚qT Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤fl*.

I have to go to school now
Have to ...Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT @<Ó’Hê #˚j·÷* ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ

1. H˚qT sêyê*. li sh
1. I have to come.
2. H˚qT ø£\yê*.
En g 2. I have to meet.
3. H˚qT e÷{≤¢&Ü*.
4. H˚qT ‘Á ê>±*. k en 2 3 9
3. I have to talk.
4. I have to drink.
5. H˚qT ≈£Ls√Ãyê*. p o
S 904 95 5. I have to sit.
m u
6. H˚qT Vü‰»s¡T ø±yê*.
3
6. I have to attend.
Ra
7. H˚qT H˚sT¡ øÃ √yê*.
8. H˚qT bÕdt nyê«*. l : 9 7. I have to learn.
9. H˚qT ìÁ<bä ˛yê*.

Cel 8. I have to pass.
9. I have to sleep.
10. H˚qT ‹Hê*. 10. I have to eat.
11. H˚qT n&É>±*. 11. I have to ask.
12. H˚qT ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê*. 12. I have to know.
13. H˚qT $Hê*. 13. I have to listen.
14. H˚qT |üØo*+#ê*. 14. I have to test.
15. H˚qT Äø£]¸+#ê*. 15. I have to attract.
16. H˚qT ñ|üj÷Ó –+#·Tø√yê*. 16. I have to use.
17. H˚qT eT]∫b˛yê*. 17. I have to forget.
18. H˚qT >∑Ts¡T+Ô #·Tø√yê*. 18. I have to remember.
19. H˚qT qe÷à*. 19. I have to believe ( trust ).
20. H˚qT sêj·÷*. 20. I have to write.
21. H˚qT ø={≤¢&Ü*. 21. I have to fight.
22. H˚qT |Á jü T· ‹ï+#ê*. 22. I have to try.
23. H˚qT u≤>± #·<yä ê*. 23. I have to study well.
24. H˚qT &Üø£]º ï nyê«*. 24. I have to become a doctor.
25. H˚qT n+<ä]ø° eT+∫ |üqT\T #˚j÷· *. 25. I have to do good things to all.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Has to ... ˇø£ 3 e e´øÏÔ ... Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT @<Ó’Hê #˚j·÷* ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
n‘·&ÉT Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤fl*.

He has to go to school now
Has to ... ˇø£ 3 e e´øÏÔ ... Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT @<Ó’Hê #˚j·÷* ... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
1. n‘·&TÉ sêyê*.
li sh 1. He has to come.
2. n‘·&TÉ ø£\yê*.
3. n‘·&TÉ e÷{≤¢&Ü*. En g 2. He has to meet.
4. Ç‘·&TÉ ‘Á ê>±*. k en 2 3 9 3. He has to talk.

4. He has to drink.
5. Ç‘·&TÉ ≈£Ls√Ãyê*. p o
S 904 95 5. He has to sit.
6. ÄyÓT Vü‰»s¡T ø±yê*.
m u 3
6. She has to attend.
8. ÄyÓT bÕdt nyê«*.Ra

7. ÄyÓT H˚sT¡ øÃ √yê*.
l : 9 7. She has to learn.
8. She has to pass.
9. áyÓT ìÁ<bä ˛yê*.
Cel 9. She has to sleep.
10. áyÓT ‹Hê*. 10. She has to eat.
11. s¡$ qqTï n&É>±*. 11. Ravi has to ask.
12. oqT Bìì ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê*. 12. Seenu has to know.
13. e÷{°#s· T¡ $Hê*. 13. Our teacher has to listen.
14. e÷ Ä|òd” sü Y Bìì |üØo*+#ê*. 14. Our officer has to test.
15. ø£$‘· Äø£]¸+#ê*. 15. Kavitha has to attract.
16. n‘·&TÉ ñ|üj÷Ó –+#·Tø√yê*. 16. He has to use.
17. ÄyÓT eT]∫b˛yê*. 17. She has to forget.
18. s¡$ >∑Ts¡T+Ô #·Tø√yê*. 18. Ravi has to remember.
19. n‘·&TÉ qe÷à*. 19. He has to believe ( trust ).
20. \‘· sêj·÷*. 20. Latha has to write.
21. ÄyÓT ø={≤¢&Ü*. 21. She has to fight.
22. |Á ‹ü ˇø£ÿs¡T |Á j
ü T· ‹ï+#ê*. 22. Every one has to try.
23. |Á ‹ü ˇø£ÿs¡T u≤>± #·<yä ê*. 23. Every one has to study well.
24. Hê ø=&ÉT≈£î &Üø£sº Y nyê«*. 24. My son has to become a doctor.
25. e÷ ‘·eTTà&TÉ n+<ä]ø° eT+∫ |üqT\T #˚j÷· *. 25. My brother has to do good things to all.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Need to eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì #˚j·T&É+ nedüs¡eTT ñ+~ nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
H˚qT Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ã&çøÏ yÓfi¯fle\dæq nedüs¡eTT ñ+~.

I Need to go to school now.
Need to eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì #˚j·T&É+ nedüs¡eTT ñ+~ nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ

1. H˚qT sêyê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. li sh 1. I need to come
2. H˚qT ø£\yê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
En g 2. I need to meet.
3. H˚qT e÷{≤¢&Ü*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
k en
4. H˚qT ‘Á ê>±*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 2 3 9 3. I need to talk.
4. I need to drink.
p o
5. H˚qT ≈£Ls√Ãyê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
S 904 95 5. I need to sit.
m u
6. H˚qT Vü‰»s¡T ø±yê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
3
6. I need to attend.
Ra l : 9
7. H˚qT H˚sT¡ øÃ √yê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
8. H˚qT bÕdt nyê«*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
7. I need to learn.
Cel
9. H˚qT ìÁ<bä ˛yê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
8. I need to pass.
9. I need to sleep.
10. H˚qT ‹Hê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 10. I need to eat.
11. H˚qT n&É>±*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 11. I need to ask.
12. H˚qT ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 12. I need to know.
13. H˚qT $Hê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 13. I need to listen.
14. H˚qT |üØo*+#ê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 14. I need to test.
15. H˚qT Äø£]¸+#ê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 15. I need to attract.
16. H˚qTñ|üj÷Ó –+#·Tø√yê*.. Hê≈£înedüs+¡ ñ+~. 16. I need to use.
17. H˚qT eT]∫b˛yê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 17. I need to forget.
18. H˚qT >∑Ts¡T+Ô #·Tø√yê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 18. I need to remember.
19. H˚qT qe÷à*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 19. I need to believe ( trust ).
20. H˚qT sêj·÷*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 20. I need to write.
21. H˚qT ø={≤¢&Ü*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 21. I need to fight.
22. H˚qT |Á jü T· ‹ï+#ê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 22. I need to try.
23. H˚qT u≤>± #·<yä ê*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 23. I need to study well.
24. H˚qT &Üø£]º ï nyê«*... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 24. I need to become a doctor.
25. H˚qT eT+∫ |üqT\T #˚j÷· *... Hê≈£î nedüs+¡ ñ+~. 25. I need to do good things.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Dare to eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì #˚j·T&ÜìøÏ <ÛÓ’s¡´+ ñ+~ nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
Hê≈£î Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ã&çøÏ yÓfi‚fl <ÛÓ’s¡éTT ñ+~.

I dare to go to school now.
Dare to eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì #˚j·T&ÜìøÏ <ÛÓ’s¡´+ ñ+~ nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
li sh
1. H˚qT yÓfifl¯ &ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. ( kÕVü≤dækÕÔqT ) 1. I dare to go.
n g
2. H˚qT ø£\e&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. ( kÕVü≤dækÕÔqT )
E
2. I dare to meet.
k n
3. H˚qT e÷{≤¢&{É ≤ìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT.
e
4. H˚qT ‘Á ê>∑{≤ìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 2 3 9 3. I dare to talk.
4. I dare to drink.
p o
5. H˚qT ≈£Ls√Ãe&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT.
S 904 95 5. I dare to sit.
m u
6. H˚qT Vü‰»s¡e&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT.
3
6. I dare to attend.
Ra l : 9
7. H˚qT H˚sT¡ øÃ √e&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT.
8. H˚qT bÕdt ne«&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT.
7. I dare to learn.
8. I dare to pass.
Cel
9. H˚qT ìÁ<bä ˛e&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT.. 9. I dare to sleep.
10. H˚qT ‹q&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 10. I dare to eat.
11. H˚qT n&É{≤ìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 11. I dare to play.
12. H˚qT ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 12. I dare to know.
13. H˚qT $q&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 13. I dare to listen.
14. H˚qT |üØo*+#·&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 14. I dare to test.
15. H˚qT #ê&É{≤ìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 15. I dare to see.
16. H˚qT ñ|üj÷Ó –+#·&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 16. I dare to use.
17. H˚qT eTs¡D+Ï #·&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 17. I dare to die.
18. H˚qT >∑Ts¡TÔ |ô ≥Tº ø√e&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 18. I dare to remember.
19. H˚qT qeTà&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 19. I dare to believe ( trust ).
20. H˚qT sêj·T&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 20. I dare to write.
21. H˚qT ø={≤¢&{É ≤ìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 21. I dare to fight.
22. H˚qT |Á j ü T· ‹ï+#·&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 22. I dare to try.
23. H˚qT #·<eä &ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 23. I dare to study well.
24. H˚qT &Üø£]º ï ne«&ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 24. I dare to become a doctor.
25. H˚qT eT+∫ |üqT\T #˚jT· &ÜìøÏ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + #˚kÕÔqT. 25. I dare to do good things.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Eager to eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì #˚j·T&ÜìøÏ ÄÁ‘·T‘·>± ñ+~ nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
Hê≈£î ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤fl\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘·T‘·>± ñ+~.

H˚qT ã&çøÏ yÓfi¯fl&ÜìøÏ #ê˝≤ nÁ‘·+>± ñHêïqT .
m|ü⁄Œ&Ó|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤ÔHê nì ÄÁ‘·+>± ñHêïqT...
I am very eager to go to school .
Eager to eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì #˚j·T&ÜìøÏ ÄÁ‘·T‘·>± ñ+~ nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
1. H˚qT sêyê\ì #ê˝≤ nÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT.
li sh 1. I am very eager to come.
En g
2. H˚qT $TeTà*ï ø£\yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT.
3. H˚qT ñ<Û√´>±ìï ‘Ó#T· øÃ √yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT.
2. I am very eager to meet you.
k en
4. H˚qT <ëìì >¬ \yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT.
2 3 9 3. I am very eager to get a job.
4. I am very eager to win it.
p o 95
5. H˚qT n‘·&ìç z&ç+#ê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 5. I am very eager to defeat him.
S 904
m u
6. H˚qT á dæìe÷qT #·÷&Ü\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 6. I am very eager to see this movie.
3
Ra l : 9
7. H˚qT yÓTT<ä{Ï sê´+≈£î ‘Ó#T· øÃ √yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 7. I am very eager to get the first rank.
8. H˚qT ∫s¡+J$ì #·÷&Ü\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 8. I am very eager to see Chiranjeevi.
Cel
9. H˚qT dæ.j·TyéT. ø±yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 9. I am very eager to become C.M.
10. H˚qT ÄyÓTqT |ô [¢#d˚ Tü ø√yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 10. I am very eager to marry her.
11. H˚qT <ëìì ø=Hê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 11. I am very eager to buy it.
12. H˚qT Hê ø√]ø£qT H˚sy¡ s˚ T¡ øÃ √yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 12. I am very eager to fulfill my ambition.
13. H˚qT dæìe÷ j·÷ø£sº Y ø±yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 13. I am very eager to become a cinema actor.
14. H˚qT |ù <ä\≈£î düV‰ü j·TeTT #˚j÷· \ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 14. I am very eager to help the poor.
15. H˚qT ˙≈£î Ç+^¢wt uÀ~Û+#ê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 15. I am very eager to teach you English.
16. H˚qT &Á $’Ó +>¥ H˚sT¡ øÃ √yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 16. I am very eager to learn driving.
17. H˚qT øÁ ø¬Ï {Ÿ #·÷&Ü\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 17. I am very eager to see cricket.
18. H˚qT ø=‘·Ô <ëìì ø£qTø√ÿyê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 18. I am very eager to invent a new thing.
19. H˚qT yê&çì #·+bÕ\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 19. I am very eager to kill him.
20. H˚qT ø£+|üP´≥sY H˚sT¡ øÃ √yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêïqT. 20. I am very eager to learn computer.
21. n‘·&TÉ qqTï ø£\yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêï&ÉT. 21. He is very eager to meet me.
22. n‘·&TÉ &Üø£sº T¡ ø±yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêï&ÉT. 22. He is very eager to become a doctor.
23. n‘·&TÉ ‹s¡T|ü‹ yÓfi≤fl\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêï&ÉT. 23. He is very eager to go to Tirupathi.
24. n‘·&TÉ ø=‘·Ô dô ˝Ÿ bò˛Hé ø=Hê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêï&ÉT. 24. He is very eager to buy a new cell phone.
25. n‘·&TÉ &ÉãT“qT dü+bÕ~+#ê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñHêï&ÉT. 25. He is very eager to earn money.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Ought to eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì #˚j·÷*‡ìï+~ ..... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
H˚qT ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~....

I ought to go to school .
Ought to eTq+ @<Ó’Hê ˇø£ |üì #˚j·÷*‡ìï+~ ..... nì #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ

1. H˚qT sêyê*‡ìï+~.
li sh 1. I ought to come.
2. H˚qT $TeTà*ï ø£\yê*‡ìï+~.
En g 2. I ought to meet you.
4. H˚qT <ëìì >¬ \yê*‡ìï+~. k n

3. H˚qT ñ<Û√´>±ìï ‘Ó#T· øÃ √yê*‡ìï+~.
e 2 3 9 3. I ought to get a job.
4. I ought to win it.
5. H˚qT n‘·&ìç z&ç+#ê*‡ìï+~. p o
S 904 95 5. I ought to defeat him.
m u
6. H˚qT á dæìe÷qT #·÷&Ü*‡ìï+~.
3
6. I ought to see this movie.
Ra
8. H˚qT ∫s¡+J$ì #·÷&Ü*‡ìï+~.
l : 9
7. H˚qT yÓTT<ä{Ï sê´+≈£î ‘Ó#T· øÃ √yê*‡ìï+~. 7. I ought to get the first rank.
Cel
9. H˚qT dæ.j·TyéT. ø±yê*‡ìï+~.
8. I ought to see Chiranjeevi.
9. I ought to become C.M.
10. H˚qT ÄyÓTqT |ô [¢#d˚ Tü ø√yê*‡ìï+~. 10. I ought to marry her.
11. H˚qT <ëìì ø=Hê*‡ìï+~. 11. I ought to buy it.
12. H˚qT Hê ø√]ø£qT H˚sy¡ s˚ T¡ øÃ √yê*‡ìï+~. 12. I ought to fullfill my ambition.
13. H˚qT dæìe÷ j·÷ø£sº Y ø±yê*‡ìï+~. 13. I ought to become a cinema actor.
14. H˚qT |ù <ä\≈£î düV‰ü j·TeTT #˚j÷· *‡ìï+~. 14. I ought to help the poor.
15. H˚qT ˙≈£î Ç+^¢wt uÀ~Û+#ê*‡ìï+~. 15. I ought to teach you English.
16. H˚qT &Á $’Ó +>¥ H˚sT¡ øÃ √yê*‡ìï+~. 16. I ought to learn driving.
17. H˚qT øÁ ø¬Ï {Ÿ #·÷&Ü*‡ìï+~. 17. I ought to see cricket.
18. H˚qT ø=‘·Ô <ëìì ø£qTø√ÿyê*‡ìï+~. 18. I ought to invent a new thing.
19. H˚qT yê&çì #·+bÕ*‡ìï+~. 19. I ought to kill him.
20. H˚qT ø£+|üP´≥sY H˚sT¡ øÃ √yê*‡ìï+~. 20. I ought to learn computer.
21. n‘·&TÉ qqTï ø£\yê*‡ìï+~. 21. He ought to meet me.
22. n‘·&TÉ &Üø£sº T¡ ø±yê*‡ìï+~. 22. He ought to become a doctor.
23. n‘·&TÉ ‹s¡T|ü‹ yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~. 23. He ought to go to Tirupathi.
24. n‘·&TÉ ø=‘·Ô dô ˝Ÿ bò˛Hé ø=Hê*‡ìï+~. 24. He ought to buy a new cell phone.
25. n‘·&TÉ &ÉãT“qT dü+bÕ~+#ê*‡ìï+~. 25. He ought to earn money.

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Used to... >∑‘·+˝À.. @<Ó’Hê .. n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚ |üìì ... #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
House
Hê≈£î ã&çøÏ yÓfi‚fl n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~.

( Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ø±<äT ` >∑‘+· ˝À ).
I used to go to school .
( Not now ...In the past . )
Used to... >∑‘·+˝À.. @<Ó’Hê .. n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚ |üìì ... #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
i sh
1. Hê≈£î yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. ( Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ˝Ò<Tä ).
l 1. I used to go. ( Not now. )
3. Hê≈£î ‹H˚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. En g

2. Hê≈£î e#˚Ã n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. ( Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ˝Ò<Tä ). 2. I used to come. ( not now. )
4. Hê≈£î Ç#˚Ã n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. k en 2 3 9 3. I used to eat.

4. I used to give.
5. Hê≈£î ø=fÒº n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. p o
S 904 95 5. I used to beat.
m u
6. Hê≈£î n&ç>π n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~.
3
6. I used to ask.
Ra l : 9
7. Hê≈£î bÕ≥\T bÕ&˚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~.
8. Hê≈£î Ç+^¢wt H˚sT¡ øÃ =H˚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~.
7. I used to sing a song.
8. I used to learn English.
Cel
9. Hê≈£î Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&˚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 9. I used to speak English.
10. Hê≈£î {°.M. #·÷dù n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 10. I used to watch T.V.
11. Hê≈£î {°.M. ]ù|Ø #˚dù n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 11. I used to repair T.V.
12. Hê≈£î ìC≤\T #Ó|ù Œ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 12. I used to tell the facts.
13. Hê≈£î nã<ä+› #Ó|ù Œ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 13. I used to tell the lies.
14. Hê≈£î dæìe÷\T #·÷dù n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 14. I used to see the movies.
15. Hê≈£î n+<ä]˙ yÓT#·T≈Ã î£ H˚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 15. I used to appreciate all.
16. Hê≈£î n+<ä]˙ ‹fÒº n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 16. I used to scold all.
17. Hê≈£î n+<ä]˙ ñ‘ê‡Vü≤|ü]#˚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 17. I used to encourage all.
18. Hê≈£î n+<ä]˙ |Á •ü ï+#˚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 18. I used to question all.
19. Hê≈£î yÓ÷dü+ #˚dù n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 19. I used to cheat all.
20. Hê≈£î <=+>∑‘q· + #˚dù n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 20. I used to steal.
21. n‘·&øç Ï Çø£ÿ&çøÏ e#˚Ã n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 21. He used to come here.
22. ÄyÓT≈£î u§+u≤sTTøÏ yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 22. She used to go go Bombay.
23. yê]øÏ bÕ≥\T bÕ&˚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 23. They used to sing songs.
24. e÷≈£î {°.M. #·÷dù n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 24. We used to watch the T.V.
25. dü∫Hé≈î£ øÁ ø¬Ï {Ÿ Ä&˚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. 25. Sachin used to play cricket.

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uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·TÔ ≈£î dü+uÛ+Ñ ~+∫q es¡T“\qT $$<Ûä s¡ø±\ düu≈®… î£ \

º ≈£î m˝≤ ñ|üj÷Ó –+#ê*
I will go. H˚qT ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) yÓfi≤ÔqT. We will go. y˚TeTT ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) yÓfi≤ÔeTT.
I would go. H˚qT yÓ[fl ñ+{≤qT. We would go. y˚TeTT yÓ[fl ñ+{≤eTT.
I shall go. H˚qT yÓfi≤fl*. We shall go. y˚TeTT yÓfi≤fl*.
I should go. H˚qT yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*. We should go. y˚TeTT yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
I can go. H˚qT yÓfifl̄ >∑\qT. We can go. y˚TeTT yÓfifl̄ >∑\eTT.
I could go. H˚qT yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\qT. We could go. y˚TeTT yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\eTT.
I may go. H˚qT yÓfifl̄ e#·TÃ . We may go. y˚TeTT yÓfifl̄ e#·TÃ.
I might go. H˚qT yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·TÃ. We might go. y˚TeTT yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.
I must go. H˚qT K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*. We must go. y˚TeTT K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*.
I must & should go. H˚qT K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*. We must & should go. y˚TeTT K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
I have to go. H˚qT yÓfi≤fl*. We have to go. y˚TeTT yÓfi≤fl*.
I need to go. H˚qT yÓfifl̄e\dæq nedüs+¡ ñ+~. We need to go. y˚TeTT yÓfifl̄e\dæq nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
I dare to go. Hê≈£î yÓfifl‚ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~. We dare to go. e÷≈£î yÓfifl‚ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~.
I am eager to go. Hê≈£î yÓfi≤fl\ì ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñ+~. We are eager to go. e÷≈£î yÓfi≤fl\ì ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñ+~.
I ought to go. H˚qT yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~. We ought to go. y˚TeTT yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~.
I used to go. Hê≈£î yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. We used to go. e÷≈£î yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚~.
You will go. MTs¡T ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) yÓfi≤ÔsT¡ . He will go. n‘·&TÉ ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) yÓfi≤Ô&TÉ .
You would go. MTs¡T yÓ[fl ñ+{≤s¡T. He would go. n‘·&TÉ yÓ[fl ñ+{≤&ÉT.
You shall go. MTs¡T yÓfi≤fl*.
MTs¡T yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
li sh He shall go. n‘·&TÉ yÓfi≤fl*.
n‘·&TÉ yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
You should go.
You can go. MTs¡T yÓfifl̄ >∑\s¡T.
En g He should go.
He can go. n‘·&ÉT yÓfifl̄ >∑\&ÉT.
You could go.
You may go.
k
MTs¡T yÓfifl̄ e#·TÃ. n
MTs¡T yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\s¡T.
e 2 3 9 He could go.
He may go.
n‘·&ÉT yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT.
n‘·&TÉ yÓfifl̄ e#·TÃ.
You might go.
You must go. p o
MTs¡T yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.
S 904
MTs¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*.95 He might go.
He must go.
n‘·&TÉ yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.
n‘·&TÉ K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*.
m u 3
You must&should go. MTs¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*. He must & should go. n‘·&TÉ K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
You have to go.
a
MTs¡T yÓfi≤fl*.
R l : 9 He has to go. n‘·&TÉ yÓfi≤fl*.
You need to go.
You dare to go.
Cel
MTs¡T yÓfifl̄e\dæq nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
MT≈£î yÓfifl‚ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~.
You are eager to go. MT≈£î yÓfi≤fl\ì ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñ+~.
He needs to go
He dares to go.
He is eager to go.
n‘·&TÉ yÓfifl̄e\dæq nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
n‘·&çøÏ yÓfifl‚ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~.
n‘·&çøÏ yÓfi≤fl\ì ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñ+~.
You ought to go. MTs¡T yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~. He ought to go. n‘·&ÉT yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~.
You used to go. MT≈£î yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T ñ+&˚~. He used to go. n‘·&çøÏ yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚~.
She will go. ÄyÓT ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) yÓfió¯ +Ô ~. They will go. yês¡T ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) yÓfi≤ÔsT¡ .
She would go. ÄyÓT yÓ[fl ñ+≥T+~. They would go. yês¡T yÓ[fl ñ+{≤s¡T.
She shall go. ÄyÓT yÓfi≤fl*. They shall go. yês¡T yÓfi≤fl*.
She should go. ÄyÓT yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*. They should go. yês¡T yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
She can go. ÄyÓT yÓfifl̄ >∑\<äT. They can go. yês¡T yÓfifl̄ >∑\s¡T.
She could go. ÄyÓT yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\<äT. They could go. yês¡T yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\s¡T.
She may go. ÄyÓT yÓfifl̄ e#·TÃ. They may go. yês¡T yÓfifl̄ e#·TÃ.
She might go. ÄyÓT yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·TÃ. They might go. yês¡T yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.
She must go. ÄyÓT K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*. They must go. yês¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*.
She must & should go. ÄyÓT K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*. They must & should go. yês¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
She has to go. ÄyÓT yÓfi≤fl*. They have to go. yês¡T yÓfi≤fl*.
She needs to go. ÄyÓT≈£îyÓfifl̄e\dæqnedüs+¡ ñ+~. They need to go. yês¡T yÓfifl̄e\dæq nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
She dares to go. ÄyÓT≈£î yÓfifl‚ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~. They dare to go. yê]øÏ yÓfifl‚ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~.
She is eager to go. ÄyÓT≈£î yÓfi≤fl\ì ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñ+~. They are eager to go. yê]øÏ yÓfi≤fl\ì ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñ+~.
She ought to go. ÄyÓT yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~. They ought to go. yês¡T yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~.
She used to go. ÄyÓT≈£î yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚~. They used to go. yê]øÏ yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚~.

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uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·TÔ ≈£î dü+uÛ+Ñ ~+∫q es¡T“\qT $$<Ûä s¡ø±\ düu≈®… î£ \

º ≈£î m˝≤ ñ|üj÷Ó –+#ê*
I will do. H˚qT ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) #˚kÕÔqT. We will learn. y˚TeTT(uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À)H˚sT¡ Ã≈î£ +{≤eTT.
I would do. H˚qT #˚dæ ñ+{≤qT. We would learn. y˚TeTT H˚sT¡ Ãø=ì ñ+{≤eTT.
I shall do. H˚qT #˚j÷· *. We shall learn. y˚TeTT H˚sT¡ Ãø√yê*.
I should do. H˚qT #˚dæ ñ+&Ü*. We should learn. y˚TeTT H˚sT¡ Ãø=ì ñ+&Ü*.
I can do. H˚qT #˚jT· >∑\qT. We can learn. y˚TeTT H˚sT¡ Ãø√ >∑\eTT.
I could do. H˚qT #˚dæ ñ+&É>\∑ qT. We could learn. y˚TeTT H˚sT¡ Ãø=ì ñ+&É >∑\eTT.
I may do. H˚qT #ÓjT· ´ e#·TÃ. We may learn. y˚TeTT H˚sT¡ Ãø√e#·TÃ.
I might do. H˚qT #˚dæ ñ+&Ée#·TÃ. We might learn. y˚TeTT H˚sT¡ Ãø=ì ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.
I must do. H˚qT K∫Ã‘+· >± #˚j÷· *. We must learn. yT̊eTT K∫Ã‘+· >± H˚sT¡ Ãø√yê*.
I must & should do. H˚qT K∫Ã‘+· >± #˚dæ ñ+&Ü*. We must & should learn. yT̊eTT K∫Ã‘+· >±H˚sT¡ Ãø=ìñ+&Ü*.
I have to do. H˚qT #˚j÷· *. We have to learn. y˚TeTT H˚sT¡ Ãø√yê*.
I need todo. H˚ q T #˚ j · T e\dæ q nedü s ¡ + ñ+~. We need to learn. yT̊eTTH˚sT¡ Ãø√e\dæqnedüs+¡ ñ+~.
I dare to do. Hê≈£î #˚ùd <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~. We dare to learn. e÷≈£î H˚sT¡ Ãø=H˚ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~.
I am eager to do. Hê≈£î #˚j÷· ´\ì ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñ+~. We are eager to learn. e÷≈£î H˚sT¡ Ãø√yê\ìÄÁ‘T· ‘·>±ñ+~.
I ought to do. H˚qT #˚j÷· *‡ìï+~. We ought to learn y˚TeTT H˚sT¡ Ãø√e*‡ìï+~.
I used to do. Hê≈£î #˚ùd n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚~. We used to learn e÷≈£îH˚sT¡ Ãø=H˚n\yê≥T>±ñ+&˚~.
You will speak. MTs¡T ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) e÷{≤¢&ÜÔsT¡ . Ramu will come. sêeTT&ÉT ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) ekÕÔ&TÉ .
MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&ç ñ+{≤s¡T. Ramu would come. sêeTT&ÉT e∫Ã ñ+{≤&ÉT.
You would speak.
You shall speak. MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&Ü*.
li sh Ramu shall come. sêeTT&ÉT sêyê*.
You should speak.
You can speak.
En g
MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&ç ñ+&Ü*.
MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&É >∑\s¡T.
Ramu should come.
Ramu can come.
sêeTT&ÉT e∫Ã ñ+&Ü*.
sêeTT&ÉT sê >∑\&ÉT.
You could speak.
en 3 9
MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&ç ñ+&É >∑\s¡T.
k 2
Ramu could come. sêeTT&ÉT e∫Ã ñ+&É >∑\&ÉT.
You may speak.
You might speak.
p o
S 904 95
MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&É e#·TÃ.
MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&ç ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.
Ramu may come.
Ramu might come.
sêeTT&ÉT sêe#·TÃ.
sêeTT&ÉT e∫Ã ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.
You must speak.
m u
MTs¡TK∫Ã‘+· >±e÷{≤¢&Ü*.
3
MTs¡TK∫Ã‘+· >±e÷{≤¢&çñ+&Ü*.
Ramu must come. sêeTT&ÉT K∫Ã‘+· >± sêyê*.
You must & should speak.
You have to speak.
Ra : 9
MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&Ü*.
l
Ramu must & should come.
Ramu has to come.
sêeTT&ÉT K∫Ã‘+· >± e∫Ãñ+&Ü*.
sêeTT&ÉT sêyê*.
You need to speak.
You dare to speak.
Cel
MTs¡T e÷{≤¢&eÉ \dæq nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
MT≈£î e÷{≤¢&˚ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~.
Ramu needs to come. sêeTT&çøÏsêe\dæqnedüs+¡ ñ+~.
Ramu dares to come. sêeTT&çøÏ e#˚Ã <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~.
You are eager to speak. MT≈£î e÷{≤¢&Ü\ì ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñ+~. Ramu is eager to come. sêeTT&çøç Ï sêyê\ìÄÁ‘T· ‘·>±ñ+~.
You ought to speak. MTs¡T yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~. Ramu ought to come. sêeTT&ÉT sêyê*‡ìï+~.
You used to speak. MT≈£î yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚~. Ramu used to come. sêeTT&çøÏe#Ã̊n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚~.
Seeta will run. d”‘· ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) |ü]>¬ &ÉT‘·T+~. They will go. yês¡T ( uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À ) yÓfi≤ÔsT¡ .
Seeta would run. d”‘· |ü]>¬ ‹Ô ñ+≥T+~. They would go. yês¡T yÓ[fl ñ+{≤s¡T.
Seeta shall run. d”‘· |ü]>¬ ‘êÔ*. They shall go. yês¡T yÓfi≤fl*.
Seeta should run. d”‘· |ü]>¬ ‹Ô ñ+&Ü*. They should go. yês¡T yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
Seeta can run. d” ‘ · |ü ] >
¬ ‘· Ô >∑
\ <ä T . They can go. yês¡T yÓfifl̄ >∑\s¡T.
Seeta could run. d”‘· |ü]¬>‹Ô ñ+&É >∑\<äT. They could go. yês¡T yÓ[fl ñ+&É >∑\s¡T.
Seeta may run. d”‘· |ü]>¬ ‘·eÔ #·TÃ. They may go. yês¡T yÓfifl̄ e#·TÃ.
Seeta might run. d”‘· |ü]>¬ ‹Ô ñ+&Ée#·TÃ. They might go. yês¡T yÓ[fl ñ+&Ée#·TÃ.
Seeta must run. d”‘· K∫Ã‘+· >± |ü]>¬ ‘êÔ*. They must go. yês¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓfi≤fl*.
Seeta must & should run. d”‘ · K∫Ã ‘+
· >± |ü
] >
¬ ‹Ô ñ+&Ü*. They must & should go. yês¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ[fl ñ+&Ü*.
Seeta has to run. d”‘· |ü]>¬ ‘êÔ*. They have to go. yês¡T yÓfi≤fl*.
Seeta needs to run. d”‘≈· î£ |ü]>¬ ‘·e\dæ
Ô qnedüs+¡ ñ+~. They need to go. yês¡T yÓfifl̄e\dæq nedüs+¡ ñ+~.
Seeta dares to run. d”‘·≈£î |ü]¬>‘˚Ô <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~. They dare to go. yê]øÏ yÓfifl‚ <Ûs’Ó ´¡ + ñ+~.
Seeta is eager to run. d”‘≈· î£ |ü]>¬ ‘êÔ\ìÄÁ‘T· ‘·>±ñ+~. They are eager to go. yê]øÏ yÓfi≤fl\ì ÄÁ‘T· ‘·>± ñ+~.
Seeta ought to run. d” ‘ · |ü
] >
¬ ‘êÔ * ‡ìï+~. They ought to go. yês¡T yÓfi≤fl*‡ìï+~.
Seeta used to run. d”‘≈· î£ |ü]>¬ ‘˚Ô n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚~. They used to go. yê]øÏ yÓfifl‚ n\yê≥T>± ñ+&˚~.
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li sh
En g
k en 2 3 9
p o
S 904 95
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel

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li sh
En g
k en 2 3 9
p o
S 904 95
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
li sh
En g
k en 2 3 9
p o
S 904 95
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel

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Spoken English
Book - 8
Conjugation of a Verb
( 12 - Tenses )
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
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Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
RISE
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239

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Conjugation of a Verb
ˇø£ ÁøÏj·T jÓTTø£ÿ |üP]Ô $uÛÑ»q
ˇø£ eTTKýÓTÆq ÁøÏj·T2qT mìï s¡ø±\T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês√ .....
ˇø£ eTTKýÓTÆq ÁøÏj·TqT @... @ dü+<Ûäsê“\˝À m˝≤ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e#√Ã...

ˇø=ø£ÿ s¡ø±ìï ñ|üjÓ÷–+∫q|ü⁄Œ&ÉT yê{Ï nsêú\T m˝≤ e÷s¡T‘·T+{≤jÓ÷ ..
á $wüj·÷\qT |üP]Ô kÕúsTT˝À ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îH˚ Á|üÁøÏj·TH˚ ....
Conjugation of a Verb ... nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ
h T?
ˇø£ eTTKýÓTÆq ÁøÏj·TqT mìï ø±\eTT\T>± $uÛiÑõs+#ês¡
l
kÕ<Ûës¡D+>± .... eTq≈£î 3 uÛ≤>±\T>± ‘Ó\TdüTE g
... 3nø±\eTT\T>± ‘Ó\TdüT
k en 2 3 9
Present |Á dü Tü ‘Ô e· TT - Past uÛp÷Ñ o
‘·ø±\eTT - Future
9 5 uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·TÔ ø±\eTT
u S 904
a m 9 3
R◊‘˚ ... (ll3 :) eT÷&˚ ø±<äT ....
Ce
n$ eTTK´+>± .... 12 s¡ø±\T>± ñHêïsTT ....
yê{Ï >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+fÒ ... #ê\T

Conjugation of a Verb ...
>∑T]+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îqïfÒº ....
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5
1. Present - Simple
2. Present - Continuous
Present
3. Present - Perfect
4. Present - Perfect - Continuous
5. Past - Simple
6. Past - Continuous
Past
7. Past - Perfect
8. Past - Perfect - Continuous
9. Future - Simple
10. Future - Continuous
Future
l i sh
12. Future E
n g
11. Future - Perfect
k e n 2 3 9
- Perfect - Continuous
Conjugation ofSap
o 49( 12 5 Tenses )
m u 3 9 0
verb - Table
R a l : 9 Perfect
Simple
Ce l
Continuous Perfect Continuous
1 2 3 4
Present Present Present Present
ás√E Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Present Subject + Sub + is /am / are Sub + have / has +
Sub + have / has + V3
Present( s ) + ing been + ing
5 6 7 8
ìqï Past Past Past Past
Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Past
Subject + Past Sub + was / were + Sub + had + V3 Sub + had been + ing
ing
9 10 11 12
Future Future Future Future
πs|ü⁄ Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Simple
Future Subject + will + Sub + will be + Sub + will have +
Sub + will have+ been + ing
Present ing V3
$<Ûë´s¡Tú\T ... ô|’ fÒãT˝Ÿ qT ... n+<äT˝Àì ... 12 f…qT‡\ ù|s¡¢qT...

MT H√{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î .... ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç ....
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Present - Simple - Tense
Áô|C…+{Ÿ ` dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ ` f…Hé‡
I , we , you , they , boys , girls .... etc he , she , it , this , that , Rama , Seeta.... etc
I go to school dialy. He goes to school dialy.
H˚qT |Á ‹
ü s√E ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤ÔqT . n‘·&TÉ |Á ‹
ü s√E ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤Ô&TÉ .
Subject we drink milk in the morning. 3rd Pesron She drinks milk in the morning.
y˚TeTT ñ<äj÷· H˚ bÕ\T ‘ê>∑T‘êeTT. Singular ÄyÓT ñ<äj÷· H˚ bÕ\T ‘ê>∑T‘·T+~.

+
Subject
Present You love her always. It eats the sweets .
+
˙e⁄ m\¢|⁄ü Œ&TÉ ÄyÓTqT ùÁ|$TkÕÔe⁄ . Present(s) n~ d”«≥¢qT ‹+≥T+~.
They speak English regularly. Rama speaks English .
yês¡T øÁ e£ T+ ‘·|Œü ≈î£ +&Ü Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&‘
É êeTT. sêeTT&ÉT Ç+^¢wt e÷{≤¢&‘
É ê&ÉT.
Situations - dü+<Ûs
ä ê“\
¤ T
1. ‘·ø£åD+... #˚ùd ˝Ò<ë »]π> |üqT\≈£î ..... 4. kÕyÓT‘·\T dü÷≈£îÔ\qT #Ó|ü⁄Œq|ü⁄Œ&ÉT...
Present movement taking place : Telling the Proverbs :
H˚qT ‹+{≤qT . I eat. Ä|ü<ä˝À Ä<äTø=qTyê&˚ $TÁ‘·T&ÉT .
H˚qT yÓfi≤ÔqT. I go. A friend in need is a friend in deed.
n‘·&ÉT ÇkÕÔ&ÉT . He gives.

i s h
ìC≤sTTr ñ‘·ÔeTyÓTÆq $<ÛëqeTT .
⁄Œ&lÉ÷ düTK+>± ñ+{≤s¡T.
Honesty is the best policy.
neTà e+&ÉT‘·T+~ . She cooks.
n g
dü+‘·è|æÔ ø£\yês¡T m|ü
z≥MT\T E
A satisfied person is ever happy.
n~ |ü&çb˛‘·T+~ . It falls .
ke n $»j·÷ìøÏ k˛bÕHê\T .
2 3 9
Failures are the stepping stones to success.
2. eTq n\yê≥¢qT... ~q#·s¡´\qT ‘Ó\Tù|≥|ü⁄Œp &ÉT o 9 5

u S 5.9ì‘·04´ dü‘ê´\T #Ó|ü⁄Œq|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ...
+!\≈£î ìÁ<ä ˝ÒkÕÔqT . 93
Habitual Actions & Regular Activities:
H˚qT Á|ürs√E ñ<äj·TeTT 6a>∑m
R l l
I get up early morning at 6 o’clock daily . : Telling the General Truths :
Ce
dü÷s¡T´&ÉT ‘·÷s¡TŒ ~≈£îÿq ñ<äsTTkÕÔ&TÉ .
H˚qT Á|ürs√E ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤ÔqT. The Sun rises in the east.
I go to school everyday .
dü÷s¡T´&ÉT |ü&eÉ T{Ï ~≈£îÿq ndü$Ô TkÕÔ&TÉ .
The Sun sets in the west.
n‘·&ÉT Á|ür ñ<äj·TeTT bÕ\T ‘ê>∑T‘ê&ÉT . >∑+>±q~ uÛ≤s¡‘· <˚X+¯ ˝À |Á eü Væ≤düT+Ô ~ .
He drinks milk every morning. The Ganga flows in India.
ÄyÓT H˚\ô|’ |ü&ÉTø=+≥T+~ . <˚e⁄&ÉT n+<ä]˙ ø±bÕ&ÉT‘ê&ÉT .
God saves all.
She sleeps on the floor . uÛÑ÷$T ‘·q #·T≥÷º ‘êH˚ ‹s¡T>∑T‘·T+~ .
s¡$ ô|<ä›\qT >ös¡$kÕÔ&ÉT . The Earth rotates around it-self.
Ravi respects the elders. uÛ÷Ñ $T dü÷s¡T´&ÉT #·T≥÷º ‹s¡T>∑T‘·T+~.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
3. ø=ìï uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ e÷≥\qT dü÷∫+#·Tq|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ...
Often for the future actions : 6. ø=ìï XÊÁk˛Ôø£ÔyÓTÆq yêdüÔyê\qT #Ó|ü⁄Œ≥≈£î ...
y˚TeTT e#˚Ã yês¡+ ‹s¡T|ü‹ yÓfi≤ÔeTT . Expressing the Scientific facts :
We go to Tirupathi the next week. ˙{Ï ô|’q q÷HÓ ‘˚*j·÷&ÉT‘·T+~.
H˚qT ˙ø√dü+ πs|ü⁄ m<äTs¡T #·÷kÕÔqT .
Oil floats on water.
I wait for you tomorrow. 0
n‘·&ÉT e#˚Ã HÓ\ ny˚T]ø± ekÕÔ&ÉT . ˙{Ï eTs¡T>∑T<ä\ 10 C
0
He comes to America the next month. Water boils at 10 C

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Past - Simple - Tense
( bÕdtº ` dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ ` f…Hé‡ )
Subject + Past
I went to school yesterday. H˚qT ìqï ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤flqT .
we drank milk today morning. y˚TeTT ás√E ñ<äjT· + bÕ\T ‘ê>±eTT .

they + gave her a new pen.
spoke English with all.
yês¡T ÄyÓT≈£î ˇø£ ô|qTïqT Ç#êÃs¡T.
n‘·&ÉT n+<ä]‘√ Ç+^¢wt˝À e÷{≤¢&Ü&ÉT.
He
She played chess on monday. ÄyÓT k˛eTyês¡eTT s√Eq #Ódt Ä&ç+~.
ä ê“\
¤ T
1. >∑‘·+˝À »]–q ... #˚dæq |üqT\qT #Ó|ü⁄Œ≥≈£î... 2. düeTj·÷ìï dü÷∫+#·≈£î+&Ü ....
With out expressing the time :
( düeTj·÷ìï dü÷∫ùdÔ düŒwüº+>± ñ+≥T+~ ... ) H˚qT u…+>∑fiS¯ s¡T˝À &ç^Á #·~yêqT .
Completed Activity : I studied degree in Bangalore.
H˚qT 9 >∑+!\≈£î e#êÃqT H˚qT ôV≤’ <äsêu≤<é VüQkÕàìj·÷˝À |üì#˚XÊqT.
I did a job in Hyderabad Husmania.
I came at 9 o’clock .
H˚qT ñ<äj·TeTT Ç&û¢\T ‹HêïqT . i s h
øÏs¡DY n+<ä]ø° d”«≥T¢ Ç#êÃ&ÉT .
Tl˝À ø£*XÊ&ÉT .
Kiran gave sweets to all.
n g
n‘·&ÉT qqTï ôV’≤<äsêu≤<ä
y˚TeTT #ê˝≤E
I ate idlies in the morning. He met me in Hyderabad.
n‘·&ÉT ìqï 1000 s¡÷!\T Ç#êÃ&ÉT .
k e n Äq+<ä|ü&Ü¶eTT .
2 3 9
. po
MTs¡T eTeT*ï eT]∫5
We felt very happy.
He gave 1000 /- Rs yesterday.
y˚TeTT b˛sTTq yês¡eTT p≈£î yÓfi≤fleTTS
qqTï4
n‘·&ÉT 0
9 b˛j·÷s¡T .
You forgot us.
m
We went to the zoo last week. u 3 9 >∑Ts¡TÔô|≥Tº≈£îHêï&ÉT .
R a
yês¡T >∑‘· HÓ\ ÁøÏ¬ø{Ÿ Ä&Üs¡T.
l : 9 He remembered me.
dü]‘· #·ìb˛sTT+~ .
They played cricket last month.
neTà á Ä~yês¡eTT HêHé ` C e l
y˚CŸ e+&ç+~ .
Saritha expired.
e÷≈£î eT+∫ s√E\T e#êÃsTT .
Better days came to us .
Mummy cooked Non-veg this sunday. n‘·&ÉT eT+∫ |üì #˚XÊ&ÉT.
He did a good job.
Hêqï ìqï ˇø£ u…’≈£îqT ø=Hêï&ÉT . H˚qT eT+∫ ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ‘Ó#·TÃ≈£îHêïqT .
Daddy bought a bike yesterday. I got a nice job.
b˛©düT\T ás√E <=+>∑qT |ü≥Tº≈£îHêïs¡T. n‘·&ÉT qqTï qe÷à&ÉT .
He believed me.
The police caught the theif today. H˚qT á $wüj·÷ìï ‘=+<äs¡>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îHêïqT.
s¡$ düTì‘·qT >∑‘· yês¡eTT ô|[fl #˚dTü ≈£îHêï&ÉT. I knew this matter early.
Ravi married Sunitha last week .
H˚qT <ëìì eT]∫b˛j·÷qT.
I forgot it .
øÏc˛sY 2012 ˝À bÕdt nj·÷´&ÉT. ÄyÓT mH√ï |ü⁄düÔø±\T sêdæ+~.
Kishore passed in 2012. She wrote many books.
düTì‘· >∑+≥ eTT+<äT Hê‘√ e÷{≤¢&ç+~ . 6. >∑‘·+˝À n\yê≥T>± ñ+&ç ... Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ˝Òì ...
Sunitha talked to me an hour before. Habbits in the past but not now ...
>√bÕ˝Ÿ ¬s+&ÉT s√E\ eTT+<äT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#êÃ&ÉT H˚qT s√E≈£î 10 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ #·<äTe⁄‘·T+&˚ yê&çì ....
Gopal came to our house before 2 days. I used to read for 10 hours daily.
H˚qT ‘Ó\¢yês¡TC≤eTTH˚ #˚s¡T≈£îHêïqT. H˚qT n+<ä]øÏ düVü‰j·T+ #˚dü÷Ô ñ+&˚ yê&çì ...
I reached early morning. I used to help all .

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Future- Simple - Tense
( |òüP´#·sY ` dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ ` f…Hé‡ )
Subject + will , shall , can , may , ( Any future forms )
I will go to school tomorrow. H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ã&çøÏ yÓfi≤ÔqT .
we shall drink milk at 8 o’clock. y˚TeTT 8 >∑+!\≈£î bÕ\T ‘ê>±*.
they + can sing a song in the party. yês¡T bÕØº˝À bÕ≥ bÕ&É>∑\s¡T .
He may learn English shortly. n‘·&ÉT ‘=+<äs¡˝À Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø√e#·TÃ .

She will help the poor. ÄyÓT ù|<äyê]øÏ düV‰ü j·TeTT #˚dTü +Ô ~.
ä ê“\
¤ T
1. uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À #˚ùd |üqT\≈£î ... 3. uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À #˚j·T>∑*π> |üqT\≈£î ...
What we will do in the future : What we can do in the future :
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ‹+{≤qT H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ‹q>∑\qT.
I will eat tomorrow I can eat tomorrow .
y˚TeTT m\T¢+&ç yÓfi≤ÔeTT. y˚TeTT m\T¢+&ç yÓfi¯fl>∑\eTT.
We will go day after tomorrow.
n‘·&ÉT e#˚Ã yês¡eTT ÇkÕÔ&ÉT.
li h
We can go day after tomorrow.
s
n‘·&ÉT e#˚Ã yês¡eTT Çe«>∑\&ÉT.
He will give the next week. He can give n g
the next week.
ET+Á‘·eTT e+&É9>∑\<äT.
neTà kÕj·T+Á‘·eTT e+&ÉT‘·T+~.
ke n
neTà kÕj·
2 3
n~ ˇø£ yês¡eTT˝À |ü&çb˛‘·T+~. po n~ ˇø£ yês¡ 5
Mummy will cook in the evening. Mummy can cook in the evening.
S 0 4 9 e TT˝À |ü&çb˛>∑\<äT.
It will fall with in a week
s¡$ dü]‘·qT n‹ ‘·«s¡˝aÀ ô|m
u .
3It9can fall with in a week .
[fl #˚düTø=+{≤&ÉT 9 s¡$ dü]‘·qT n‹ ‘·«s¡˝À ô|[fl #˚düTø√>∑\&ÉT.
R l l : .
C e
Ravi will marry saritha very shortly. Ravi can marry saritha very shortly.
1. uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À #˚j·÷*‡q |üqT\≈£î ... 4. uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À #˚j·÷*‡q |üqT\qT

What we have to do in the future : nqTe÷q+>± ... 50 ` 50 ...#ÛêHé‡
H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ‹Hê*. Doubtful activities in the future :
I shall eat tomorrow . H˚qT πs|ü⁄ ‹qe#·TÃ ...
H˚qT m\T¢+&ç yÓfi≤fl*. I may eat tomorrow .
I shall go day after tomorrow. y˚TeTT m\T¢+&ç yÓfi¯fle#·TÃ ....
H˚qT e#˚Ã yês¡eTT Çyê«*. We may go day after tomorrow.
I shall give the next week. n‘·&ÉT e#˚Ã yês¡eTT Çe«e#·TÃ ....
H˚qT kÕj·T+Á‘·eTT e+&Ü*. He may give the next week.
I shall cook in the evening. neTà kÕj·T+Á‘·eTT e+&Ée#·TÃ ....
H˚qT ˇø£ yês¡eTT˝À |üP]Ô#˚j·÷*. Mummy may cook in the evening.
I shall finish with in a week .
n~ ˇø£ yês¡eTT˝À |ü&çb˛e#·TÃ ....
It may fall with in a week .
H˚qT dü]‘·qT n‹ ‘·«s¡˝À ô|[fl #˚düTø√yê*.
s¡$ dü]‘·qT n‹ ‘·«s¡˝À ô|[fl #˚düTø√e#·TÃ ....
I shall marry saritha very shortly.
Ravi may marry saritha very shortly.

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Present - Continuous - Tense
( Áô|C…+{Ÿ ` ø£+{°qTj·Tdt` f…Hé‡ )
Subject + ( is , am , are ) + ing
I am going now . H˚qT Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT yÓfi¯óÔHêïqT.
we are learning English . y˚TeTT Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø=+≥THêïeTT.
They are coming from America. yês¡T ny˚T]ø± yÓfi¯óÔHêïs¡T.

He is reading story books. n‘·&ÉT ø£<∏ä\ |ü⁄düÔø±\T #·<äTe⁄‘·THêï&ÉT.
She is watching the News. ÄyÓT yês¡Ô\T #·÷düTÔqï~.
ä ê“\
¤ T
Present - Continuous
Á|üdüTÔ‘·eTT .... eTq+ #˚dü÷Ô ñqï |üìì >∑T]+∫ n\π> #Ó|üŒ&É+ ...
Á|üdüTÔ‘·eTT .... eTq ø£fiËfl<äT≥ ˇø£ |üì »s¡T>∑T‘·÷ ñ+fÒ... <ëì >∑T]+∫ n\π> #Ó|üŒ&É+ ...
Any work going on at present :
H˚qT Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ‹+≥THêïqT. li s h

y˚TeTT ás√E yÓfi¯óÔHêïeTT. We are goingn
E g I am eating now.
today.
k
n‘·&ÉT Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ÇdüTÔHêï&ÉT.
He ise n now. 239
giving
S p o
neTà Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT e+&ÉT‘·Tqï~.
4 9
Mummy is cooking 5 now.
m u
n~ Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT |ü&çb˛‘·Tqï~. It is 9
3 0
falling now.
Ra : 9
s¡$ Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT |ü]¬>‘·TÔ‘·THêï&ÉT.
l Ravi is running now.
Cel
H˚qT Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Ä |üì #˚düTÔHêïqT.
I am doing that work now.
y˚TeTT Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ø={≤¢&ÉT‘·THêïeTT.
We are fighting now.
sêeTT&ÉT Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT u≤<Ûä|ü&ÉT‘·THêï&ÉT. Ramu is worrying now.
d”‘· Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ã≥º\T ñ‘·T≈£î‘·Tqï~. Seeta is washing the clothes now.
≈£îø£ÿ ø=s¡T≈£î‘·Tqï~. The dog is biting.
{°#·s¡T n&ÉT>∑T‘·THêï&ÉT . The Teacher is asking.
C≤qøÏ Ä&ÉT‘·Tqï~. Janaki is playing.
•e |üØø£å sêdüTÔHêï&ÉT . Shiva is writing the exam.
y˚TeTT {°.M. #·÷düTÔHêïeTT. We are watching T.V.
s¡$ ÁøÏ¬ø{Ÿ Ä&ÉT‘·THêï&ÉT. Ravi is playing cricket.
CÀ´‹ ìÁ<äb˛‘·÷ ñ+~. Jyothi is sleeping.
düTπswt kÕïq+ #˚düTÔHêï&ÉT. Suresh is having the bath.
X¯+ø£sY q{ÏdüTÔHêï&ÉT. Shankar is acting.

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Past - Continuous - Tense
(bÕd tº` ø£+{°qTj·Tdt` f…Hé‡ )
Subject + ( was , were ) + ing
I was going yesterday . H˚qT ìqï yÓfi¯óÔ+{Ïì.
we were learning English . y˚TeTT Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø=+≥T+{Ï$T.
They were coming from America. yês¡T ny˚T]ø± yÓfi¯óÔ+&ç].

He was reading story books. n‘·&ÉT ø£<∏ä\ |ü⁄düÔø±\T #·<äTe⁄‘·T+&ÓqT.
She was watching the News. ÄyÓT yês¡Ô\T #·÷düTÔ+&ÓqT.
ä ê“\
¤ T
Past - Continuous
>∑‘·+˝À .... eTq+ #˚dü÷Ô ñ+&çq .. <ëì >∑T]+∫ Á|üdüTÔ‘·eTT #Ó|üŒ&É+ ...
>∑‘·+˝À .... eTq ø£fiËfl<äT≥ ˇø£ |üì »s¡T>∑T‘·÷ ñ+&çq $wüj·÷ìï >∑T]+∫ n\π> Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT #Ó|üŒ&É+ ...
Telling about Any work going on in the past :
li s h
H˚qT n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ‹+≥T+{Ïì.
y˚TeTT ìqï yÓfi¯óÔ+{Ï$T. We were E g
n yesterday.
going
I was eating then.
k e
n‘·&TÉ n|ü⁄Œ&TÉ ÇdüT+Ô &ÓqT.
He n giving then.
was
2 3 9
Sp o
neTà n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT e+&ÉT‘·T+&ÓqT.
4
Mummy was 9 5cooking then.
mu It 9
3
n~ >∑‘·+˝À |ü&çb˛‘·T+&ÓqT. 0
was falling in the past.
Ra ll : 9 Ravi was running then.
s¡$ n|ü⁄Œ&TÉ |ü]>¬ ‘·T‘ Ô T· +&ÓqT.
Ce
H˚qT >∑‘·+˝À Ä |üì #˚düTÔ+{Ïì.
y˚TeTT n|ü⁄Œ&TÉ ø={≤¢&TÉ ‘·T+{Ï$T.
We were fighting then.
I was doing that work in the past.
sêeTT&ÉT ìqï u≤<Û|ä & ü TÉ ‘·T+&ÓqT. Ramu was worrying yesterday.

d”‘· ã≥º\T ñ‘·T≈£î‘·T+&ÓqT. Seeta was washing the clothes .
≈£îø£ÿ ø=s¡T≈£î‘·T+&ÓqT. The dog was biting.
{°#s· T¡ b˛sTTq yês¡eTT n&ÉT>∑T‘·T+&ÓqT. The Teacher was asking last week.
C≤qøÏ ás√E ñ<äjT· + Ä&ÉT‘·T+&ÓqT. Janaki was playing today morning.
•e 10 >∑+!\≈£î |üØø£å sêdüTÔ+&ÓqT. Shiva was writing the exam at 10 o’clock.
y˚TeTT ìqï {°.M. #·÷düT+Ô {Ï$T. We were watching T.V. yesterday.

s¡$ øÁ ø¬Ï {Ÿ Ä&ÉT‘·T+&ÓqT. Ravi was playing cricket.
CÀ´‹ ìÁ<äb˛‘·÷ ñ+&ÓqT. Jyothi was sleeping.
düTsπ wt kÕïq+ #˚dTü +Ô &ÓqT. Suresh was having the bath.
X¯+ø£sY q{ÏdTü +Ô &ÓqT. Shankar was acting.

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Rise Spoken English 10
8 Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239
Future - Continuous - Tense
( |òüP´#·sY` ø£+{°qTj·Tdt` f…Hé‡ )
Subject + ( will be ) + ing
I will be going tomorrow. H˚qT πs|ü⁄ yÓfi¯óÔ+{≤qT.
we will be learning English next month. y˚TeTT e#˚Ã HÓ\ Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø=+≥T+{≤eTT.
They will be coming from America today night. yês¡T ás√E sêÁ‹ ny˚T]ø± qT+&ç edüTÔ+{≤s¡T.
He will be reading story books at 6o’clock. n‘·&ÉT 6 >∑+!\≈£î ø£<∏ä\ |ü⁄düÔø±\T #·<äTe⁄‘·T+{≤&ÉT.
She will be watching the News at 9P.M.. ÄyÓT 9 >∑+!\≈£î yês¡Ô\T #·÷düTÔ+≥T+~.
Situations - dü+<Ûäsê“¤\T
Future - Continuous
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝Àü.... eTq+ #˚j·TuÀ‘·÷ ñ+&˚Ò... <ëì >∑T]+∫ Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ #Ó|üŒ&É+ ...
uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝Àü .... eTq+ #·÷&ÉuÀ‘·÷ ñqï , »s¡>∑uÀ‘·÷ ñqï |üqTqT\qT >∑T]+∫ Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ #Ó|üŒ&É+ ...
Telling about Any work going on in the future :
l is h
H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ ‹+≥T+{≤qT.
We will be E
y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ yÓfió¯ +Ô {≤eTT.
g I will be eating tomorrow.
n tomorrow.
going
n‘·&ÉT πs|ü⁄ ÇdüTÔ+{≤&ÉT.
k e
He will
2 3 9
nbe giving tomorrow.
S p o
Mummy will be9
neTà e#˚Ã Ä~yês¡eTT e+&ÉT‘·T+≥T+~.
4 5
cooking next Sunday.
u It will9be0falling soon.
Ram
n~ ‘=+<äs¡˝À |ü&çb˛‘·T+≥T+~.
: 9 3
ell
s¡$ n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT |ü]¬>‘·TÔ‘·T+{≤&ÉT.
Ravi will be running then.
y˚TeTT uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝

C
H˚qT n|ü⁄Œ&TÉ Ä |üì #˚dTü +Ô {≤qT.
I will be doing that work then.
Ô À ø={≤¢&TÉ ‘·T+{≤eTT.
We will be fighting in the future.
sêeTT&ÉT n|ü⁄Œ&TÉ u≤<Û|ä & ü TÉ ‘·T+{≤&ÉT. Ramu will be worrying then.
d”‘· πs|ü⁄ ã≥º\T ñ‘·T≈£î‘·T+≥T+~. Seeta will be washing the clothes tomorrow.
≈£îø£ÿ yê&çì ø=s¡T≈£î‘·T+≥T+~. The dog will be biting him.
{°#s· T¡ sπ |ü{Ï ø±¢dTü ˝À n&ÉT>∑T‘·T+{≤&ÉT. The Teacher will be asking in the next class.
C≤qøÏ kÕj·T+Á‘e· TT Ä&ÉT‘·T+≥T+~. Janaki will be playing in the evening.
•e Ä~yês¡eTT |üØø£å sêdüT+Ô {≤&ÉT. Shiva will be writing the exam on Sunday.
y˚TeTT sπ |ü⁄ {°.M. #·÷düT+Ô {≤eTT. We will be watching T.V. tomorrow.
s¡$ øÁ ø¬Ï {Ÿ Ä&ÉT‘·T+{≤&ÉT. Ravi will be playing cricket.
CÀ´‹ ìÁ<äb˛‘·÷ ñ+≥T+~. Jyothi will be sleeping.
düTsπ wt kÕïq+ #˚dTü +Ô {≤&ÉT. Suresh will be having the bath.
X¯+ø£sY q{ÏdTü +Ô {≤&ÉT. Shankar will be acting.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Present - Perfect - Tense
( Áô|C…+{Ÿ ` |üsYô|òø˘º ` f…Hé‡ )
Subject + ( have , has ) + V3 ( Past - Participle )
I have come just now. H˚qT C…dtº Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ e#êÃqT .
we have completed recently. y˚TeTT á eT<Ûä´H˚ |üP]Ã#˚XÊeTT.
they have attended this party. yês¡T á bÕØºøÏ Vü‰»s¡j·÷´s¡T.
He has learnt English recently. n‘·&ÉT Ä eT<Ûä´H˚ Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃ≈£îHêï&ÉT.

She has helped the poor. ÄyÓT ù|<äyê]øÏ düVü‰j·TeTT #˚dæ+~.
1. Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ #˚dæq ... »]–q |üqT\≈£î ... á eT<Ûä´ ø±\+˝À »]–q |üqT\≈£î ...
what we did just now what happened just recently
H˚qT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ ‹HêïqT. y˚TeTT >∑‘· Ä~yês¡y˚T dæìe÷ #·÷XÊeTT.

I have eaten just now. We have seen the movie just Last sunday.
y˚TeTT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ yÓfi≤fleTT. n‘·&ÉT á eT<Ûä´H˚ ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ‘Ó#·TÃ≈£îHêï&ÉT.
We have gone just now .
n‘·&ÉT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ Ç#êÃ&ÉT. s h
He has got a job just recently.
i
n‘·&ÉT á eT<Ûä´H˚g#·lìb˛j·÷&ÉT.
He has given just now . He has E nrecently.
died
neTà Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ HêHé`y˚CŸ e+&ç+~.
k e nHê≈£î ìqïH˚ 10000
neTà
2 3 9/- s¡÷!\T Ç∫Ã+~.
She has cooked in the evening. o 5
p 9
S y˚T9eTT03 4s√E\ ÁøÏ‘·y˚T ˇø£ ø±s¡T ø=HêïeTT.
Mummy has given me 10000 /- Rs just yesterday.
n~ Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ |ü&çb˛sTT+~.
m u 3
s¡$ Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ #ÓbÕŒ&R
a
It has fallen just now.
l 9
: s¡$ dü]‘·qT á eT<Ûä´H˚ ô|[fl #˚düTø=Hêï&ÉT .
We have bought a car just 3 days back.
ÉT.
Ravi has told just now. e
C l Ravi has married Saritha just recently.
ÄyÓT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ $e]+∫+~. e÷ ∫Hêïqï á eT<Ûä´H˚ ˇø£ bÕ¢≥T ø=Hêï&ÉT.
She has explained just now. Our uncle has bought a plot recently.
y˚TeTT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ #Ódt Ä&ÜeTT. y˚TeTT ás√E #ê˝≤ m+C≤jYT #˚XÊeTT.
We have played chess just now. We have enjoyed a lot today.
yês¡T Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ ìqTï n&ç>±s¡T. y˚TeTT ás√CÒ ø=‘·Ô Ç+{À¢ #˚sêeTT.
They have asked you just now. We have joined in a new house just today.
H˚qT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ uÛÀ»q+ #˚XÊqT. mes√ e÷≈£î á $wüj·T+ Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ #ÓbÕŒs¡T.
I have finished my lunch just now. Somebody have told this matter just now.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ ø±˝Ÿ #˚XÊ&ÉT. MT ¬s’\T Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ yÓ[fl b˛sTT+~.
My brother has called me just now. Your train has left just now .
MTs¡T Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ n‘·ìï #·÷XÊs¡T. Hê ø£+|üP´≥sY á eT<Ûä´H˚ ]ù|Ø #˚sTT+#êqT.
You have seen him just now. I have repaired my computer recently.
MT Hêqï >±s¡T Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ |òE
” ø£{≤ºsT¡ . y˚TeTT á $wüj·T+ >∑T]+∫ ás√CÒ #·]Ã+#êeTT.
Your father has paid the fees just now. We have discussed this matter today itself.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Past - Perfect - Tense
(bÕdtº ` |üsYô|òø˘º ` f…Hé‡ )
Subject + had + V3 ( Past - Participle )
I had come just then. H˚qT C…dtº n|ü⁄Œ&˚ e∫Ã ñ+{Ïì.
we had completed last week. y˚TeTT b˛sTTq yês¡yT˚ |üP]Ô #˚XÊeTT.
yês¡T Ä bÕØºøÏ Vü‰»s¡sTT ñ+&ç].
they had attended that party.

He had learnt English. n‘·&ÉT Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø=ì ñ+&ÓqT.
She had helped the poor. ÄyÓT ù|<äyê]øÏ düV‰ü j·TeTT #˚dæ ñ+&ÓqT.
1. n|ü⁄Œ&˚ #˚dæq, »]–q, |üPs¡ÔsTTq |üqT\≈£î n|üŒ{Ïπø »]–b˛sTTq |üqT\≈£î
what ... that we did just then... what... that happened already...
H˚qT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ ‹ì ñ+{Ïì. y˚TeTT >∑‘· Ä~yês¡yT˚ dæìe÷ #·÷dæ ñ+{Ï$T.

I had eaten just then. We had seen the movie the Last sunday.
y˚TeTT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ yÓ[fl ñ+{Ï$T. n‘·&TÉ n|üŒ{øπÏ ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ‘Ó#T· Ãø=ì ñ+&ÓqT.
We had gone just then .
n‘·&ÉT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ Ç∫Ã ñ+&ÓqT. i s h
He had got a job already.
n‘·&ÉT n|üŒ{Ïπø #·gìlb˛sTT ñ+&ÓqT.
He had given just then. He had E nalready.
nHê≈£î n|üŒ{øπÏ 10000 /-9
died
neTà n|ü⁄Œ&˚ HêHé`y˚CŸ e+&ç ñ+&ÓqT.
ok e
neTà
5 2 3 s¡÷!\T Ç∫Ã+&ÓqT.
T. S
She had cooked Non-Veg just then.
n~ n|ü⁄Œ&˚ |ü&çb˛sTT ñ+&Óqu
p y˚TeTT 0
9
4 øÁ ‘Ï y· T˚ ˇø£ ø±s¡T ø=ì ñ+{Ï$T.
Mummy had given me 10000 /- Rs already.
a m 9 3 9 3 s√E\
R qT. ll : s¡$ dü]‘·qT n|üŒ{Ïπø ô|[fl #˚düTø=ì ñ+&ÓqT.

It had fallen just then.
s¡$ n|ü⁄Œ&˚ #Ó|æŒ ñ+&Ó
We had bought a car just 3 days back.
Ravi had told just then.C e Ravi had married Saritha already.
ÄyÓT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ $e]+∫ ñ+&ÓqT. e÷ ∫Hêïqï n|üŒ{Ïπø ˇø£ bÕ¢≥T ø=ì ñ+&ÓqT.
She had explained just then. Our uncle had bought a plot already.
y˚TeTT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ #Ódt Ä&ç ñ+{Ï$T. y˚TeTT n|üŒ{Ïπø #ê˝≤ m+C≤jYT #˚dæ ñ+{Ï$T.
We had played chess just then. We had enjoyed a lot already.
yês¡T n|ü⁄Œ&˚ ìqTï n&ç– ñ+&ç]. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé Hê≈£î n|üŒ{Ïπø düVü‰j·TeTT #˚dæ ñ+&ÓqT.
They had asked you just then. Mohan had helped me already.
H˚qT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ uÛÀ»q+ #˚dæ ñ+{Ïì. mes√ e÷≈£î n|üŒ{Ïπø á $wüj·T+ #Óù|Œdæ ñ+&ç].
I had finished my lunch just then. Somebody had told this matter already.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ ø±˝Ÿ #˚dæ ñ+&ÓqT. MT ¬s’\T n|üŒ{Ïπø yÓ[fl b˛sTT ñ+&ÓqT.
My brother had called me just then. Your train had left already.
MTs¡T n|ü⁄Œ&˚ n‘·ìï #·÷dæ ñ+&ç]. Hê ø£+|üP´≥sY n|üŒ{Ïπø ]ù|Ø #˚sTT+∫ ñ+{Ïì.
You had seen him just then. I had repaired my computer already.
MT Hêqï >±s¡T n|ü⁄Œ&˚ |ò”E ø£{Ïº ñ+&ç]. y˚TeTT á $wüj·T+ >∑T]+∫ Äs√CÒ #·]Ã+∫ ñ+{Ï$T.
Your father had paid the fees just then. We had discussed this matter that day only.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Future - Perfect - Tense
( |òüP´#·sY ` |üsYô|òø˘º ` f…Hé‡ )
Subject + will have + V3 ( Past - Participle )
I will have come just then. H˚qT C…dºt n|ü⁄Œ&˚ e∫Ã ñ+{≤qT.
we will have completed Next week. y˚TeTT e#˚Ã yêsêìøÏ |üP]Ô #˚ùddæ ñ+{≤eTT.
they will have attended that party. yês¡T Ä bÕØºøÏ Vü‰»s¡sTT ñ+{≤s¡T.
He will have learnt English shortly. n‘·&ÉT ‘=+<äs¡˝À Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø=ì ñ+{≤&ÉT.
She will have helped the poor. ÄyÓT ù|<äyê]øÏ düV‰ü j·TeTT #˚dæ ñ+≥T+~.
1. uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ ˝À... ˇø£ |üìì n|ü⁄Œ&˚ #˚dæñqï≥Tº ... Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ #Ó|üŒ&É+ uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À ... n|üŒ{Ïπø »]–b˛sTT ñ+&˚ |üqT\≈£î ...
Telling now the finsished work in the future what will happen already in the Future
H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ n|ü⁄Œ&˚ ‹ì ñ+{≤qT. y˚TeTT e#˚Ã Ä~yês¡eTT dæìe÷ #·÷dæ ñ+{≤eTT.
I will have eaten just then tomorrow. We will have seen the movie the Next sunday.
y˚TeTT πs|ü⁄ n|ü⁄Œ&˚ yÓ[fl ñ+{≤eTT. n‘·&TÉ n|üŒ{øπÏ ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ‘Ó#T· Ãø=ì ñ+{≤&ÉT.
We will have gone just then tomorrow
i s h
He will have got a job already .
ìlb˛sTT ñ+{≤&ÉT.
n‘·&ÉT πs|ü⁄ n|ü⁄Œ&˚ Ç∫Ã ñ+{≤&ÉT.
He will have given just then tomorrow. He willEhave
g
n‘·&ÉT n|üŒ{Ïπø #·
ndied already .
neTà kÕj·T+Á‘e· TT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ HêHé`y˚CŸ e+&ç ñ+≥T+~.
k e n 2 3 9
neTà Hê≈£î n|üŒ{Ïπø 10000/- s¡÷!\T Ç∫Ãñ+≥T+~.
Mummy will have cooked in the evening.
p o
S y˚T9eTT03 s√E\ 9 5
4 ‘·sê«‘· ˇø£ ø±s¡T ø=ì ñ+{≤eTT.
Mummy will have given me 10000 /- Rs already.
n~ n|ü⁄Œ&˚ |ü&çb˛sTT ñ+≥T+~.
m u 3
It will have fallen just
s¡$ n|ü⁄Œ&˚ #Ó|Œæ ñ+{≤&É
a then.
9
R T. ll : s¡$ dü]‘·qT n|üŒ{Ïπø ô|[fl #˚düTø=ì ñ+{≤&ÉT. We will have bought a car just 3 days later.
Ravi will have told just then.

C e Ravi will have married Saritha just already.
ÄyÓT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ $e]+∫ ñ+≥T+~. e÷ ∫Hêïqï n|üŒ{Ïπø ˇø£ bÕ¢≥T ø=ì ñ+{≤&ÉT.
She will have explained just then. Our uncle will have bought a plot already.
y˚TeTT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ #Ódt Ä&ç ñ+{≤eTT. y˚TeTT n|üŒ{Ïπø #ê˝≤ m+C≤jYT #˚dæ ñ+{≤eTT.
We will have played chess just then. We will have enjoyed a lot already.
yês¡T n|ü⁄Œ&˚ ìqTï n&ç– ñ+{≤s¡T. yÓ÷Vü≤Hé Hê≈£î n|üŒ{Ïπø düVü‰j·TeTT #˚dæ ñ+{≤&ÉT.
They will have asked you just then. Mohan will have helped me already.
H˚qT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ uÛÀ»q+ #˚dæ ñ+{≤qT. mes√ e÷≈£î n|üŒ{Ïπø á $wüj·T+ #Óù|Œdæ ñ+{≤s¡T.
I will have finished my lunch just then. Somebody will have told this matter already.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ ø±˝Ÿ #˚dæ ñ+{≤&ÉT. MT ¬s’\T n|üŒ{Ïπø yÓ[fl b˛sTT ñ+≥T+~.
My brother will have called me just then. Your train will have left already.
MTs¡T n|ü⁄Œ&˚ n‘·ìï #·÷dæ ñ+{≤s¡T. Hê ø£+|üP´≥sY n|üŒ{Ïπø ]ù|Ø #˚sTT+∫ ñ+{≤qT.
You will have seen him just then. I will have repaired my computer already.
MT Hêqï >±s¡T n|ü⁄Œ&˚ |ò”E ø£{Ïº ñ+{≤s¡T. y˚TeTT á $wüjT· + >∑T]+∫ Äs√CÒ #·]Ã+∫ ñ+{≤eTT.
Your father will have paid the fees just then. We will have discussed this matter that day itself.

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
Present - Perfect - Continuous - Tense
( Áô|C…+{Ÿ ` |üsYô|òø˘º ` ø£+{°qTj·Tdt ` f…Hé‡ )
1. ˇø£ |üìì .... m|ü⁄Œ&√... >∑‘·+˝À ... ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫ ... Ä<˚ |üì Ç+ø± #˚dü÷Ô ñ+fÒ ... ø=qkÕ>∑T‘·÷ ñ+fÒ
The action started in the past and still continue ...
Since ( Point of Time ) for ( Duration of Time )

|üì
ü bÕs¡+_Û+∫q ... düeTj·÷ìï |üø±ÿ>± #Ó|Œü &ÜìøÏ |üüì bÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆq eé~Û >∑T]+∫ #Ó|üŒ&É+
H˚qT 2010 qT+&ç Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚dTü HÔ êïqT. H˚qT 10 dü+!\ qT+&ç Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚düTÔHêïqT.
I have been working here since 2010. I have been working here for 10 years.
y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 9 >∑+!\ qT+&ç m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïeTT. y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïeTT.
We have been waiting for you since 9A.M. We have been waiting for you for 3 hours.
n‘·&TÉ ñ<Û√´>∑eTTø√dü+2005qT+&ç Ç+ø± |Á j
ü T· ‹ïdü÷ñHêï&É
Ô T. n‘·&ÉT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√dü+ 9 dü+!e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç Ç+ø± Á|üj·T‹ïdü÷Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
He has been trying for a job since 2005. He has been trying for a job for 9 years.
neTà ñ<äj·T+ qT+&ç Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘·÷ ñ+~.
li s h
neTà 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘·÷ ñ+~.
Mummy has been cooking since morning.
E n g Mummy has been cooking for 3hours.
n~ n6 HÓ\\ qT+&ç |ü&çb9
n~ pHé HÓ\ qT+&ç |ü&çb˛‘·÷ ñ+~.
ok e 5 2 3 ˛‘·÷ ñ+~.
p
It has been falling since june month.
s¡$ k˛eTyês¡eTT qT+&ç #Ó|Pü u ST. s¡$930s√E\
Ô ñHêï&É
9
It has been falling for 6 months.
4 qT+&ç #Ó|üPÔ ñHêï&ÉT.
a m
R $e]dü÷Ô ñHêï&É
Ravi has been telling since Monday. 9 3
: e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ $e]dü÷Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
Ravi has been telling for 3 days.
ll
Ce
e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ qT+&ç T.
Our teacher has been expalining since 4P.M. Our teacher has been explaining for 4 hours.
y˚TeTT eT<Ûë´Vü≤ïeTT qT+&ç #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïeTT. y˚TeTT 2 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïeTT.
We have been playing chess since afternoon. We have been playing chess for 2 hours.
yês¡T <ëìì ìqï{Ï qT+&ç yÓ‘T· ≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T. yês¡T <ëìì 2 s√E\ qT+&ç yÓ‘·T≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T.
They have been searching it since yesterday. They have been searching it for 2 days.
n‘·&ÉT 2 >∑+!\ qT+&ç ‹+≥÷ ñHêï&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT 2 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ ‹+≥÷ ñHêï&ÉT.
He has been eating since 2 o’clock. He has been eating for 2 hours.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\ qT+&ç ø±˝Ÿ #˚dü÷Ô ñHêï&ÉT. e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄qT+&ç ø±˝Ÿ #˚d÷ü Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
My brother has been calling since 3 o’clock. My brother has been calling for 3 hours.
MTs¡T ìqï{Ï qT+&ç #·÷dü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T. MTs¡T ˇø£ yês¡eTT qT+&ç #·÷dü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.
You have been watching it since yesterday. You have been watching it for a week.
MT Hêqï >±s¡T 2013 qT+&ç |ò”E ø£&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïs¡T. MT Hêqï >±s¡T 3 dü+e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç |òE
” ø£&TÉ ‘·÷ ñHêïs¡T.
Your father has been paying the fees since 2013. Your father has been paying the fees for 3 years.

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Past - Perfect - Continuous - Tense
(bÕdtº ` |üsYô|òø˘º ` ø£+{°qTj·Tdt ` f…Hé‡ )
ˇø£ |üìì .... m|ü⁄Œ&√... >∑‘·+˝À ... ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫ ... Ä<˚ |üì Ç+ø± >∑‘·+˝ÀH˚ ø=qkÕ>∑T‘·÷ ñ+&ç+fÒ ... Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ø±<äT
The action started in the past and still continuing in the past ...but not now

|üì
ü bÕs¡+_Û+∫q ... düeTj·÷ìï |üø±ÿ>± #Ó|Œü &ÜìøÏ |üüì bÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆq eé~Û >∑T]+∫ #Ó|üŒ&É+
H˚qT 2010 qT+&ç Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚düTÔ+{Ïì. H˚qT 10 dü+!\ qT+&ç Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚düTÔ+{Ïì.
I had been working here since 2010. I had been working here for 10 years.
y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 9 >∑+!\ qT+&ç m<äTs¡T#·÷dü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$T. y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ m<äTs¡T#·÷dü÷Ô ñ+{Ï$T.
We had been waiting for you since 9A.M. We had been waiting for you for 3 hours.
n‘·&TÉ ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√dü+ 2005 qT+&ç Ç+ø± |Á jü T· ‹ïd÷ü Ô ñ+&ÓqT. n‘·&ÉT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√dü+ 9 dü+!e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç Ç+ø± Á|üj·T‹ïdü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT.
He had been trying for a job since 2005. He had been trying for a job for 9 years.
neTà ñ<äj·T+ qT+&ç Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘·÷ ñ+&ç+~.
l i s hneTà 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘·÷ ñ+&ÓqT.
Mummy had been cooking since morning.
E n g Mummy had been cooking for 3 hours.
n Ç+ø± |ü&9
n~ pHé HÓ\ qT+&ç Ç+ø± |ü&çb˛‘·÷ ñ+&ç+~.
ok e
n~ 6 HÓ\\ qT+&ç
5 2 3 çb˛‘·÷ ñ+&ÓqT.
It had been falling since june month.
S p s¡$ 30s√E\ 4 9qT+&ç Ç+ø± #Ó|üPÔ ñ+&ÓqT.
It had been falling for 6 months.
m u
s¡$ k˛eTyês¡eTT qT+&ç Ç+ø± #Ó|Pü Ô ñ+&Ó
qT.
3 9
a
Ravi had been telling since Monday.
R : 9 Ravi had been telling for 3 days.
l qT. e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± $e]dü÷Ô ñ+&ÓqT.
C e l
e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ qT+&ç $e]dü÷Ô ñ+&Ó
Our teacher had been explaining since 4P.M. Our teacher had been explaining for 4 hours.
y˚TeTT eT<Ûë´Vü≤ïeTT qT+&ç Ç+ø± #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{Ï$T. y˚TeTT 2 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{Ï$T.
We had been playing chess since afternoon. We had been playing chess for 2 hours.
yês¡T <ëìì ìqï{Ï qT+&ç Ç+ø± yÓ‘·T≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñ+&ç]. yês¡T <ëìì 2 s√E\ qT+&ç Ç+ø± yÓ‘T· ≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñ+&ç].
They had been searching it since yesterday. They had been searching it for 2 days.
n‘·&ÉT 2 >∑+!\ qT+&ç Ç+ø± ‹+≥÷ ñ+&ÓqT. n‘·&ÉT 2 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± ‹+≥÷ ñ+&ÓqT.
He had been eating since 2 o’clock. He had been eating for 2 hours.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\ qT+&ç Ç+ø± ø±˝Ÿ #˚d÷ü Ô ñ+&ÓqT. e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± ø±˝Ÿ #˚d÷ü Ô ñ+&ÓqT.
My brother had been calling since 3 o’clock. My brother had been calling for 3 hours.
MTs¡T ìqï{Ï qT+&ç Ç+ø± #·÷dü÷Ô ñ+&ç]. MTs¡T ˇø£ yês¡eTT qT+&ç Ç+ø± #·÷dü÷Ô ñ+&ç].
You had been watching it since yesterday. You had been watching it for a week.
MT Hêqï >±s¡T 2013 qT+&ç Ç+ø± |òE
” ø£&TÉ ‘·÷ ñ+&ç]. MT Hêqï >±s¡T 3 dü+e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç Ç+ø± |ò”E ø£&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+&ç].
Your father had been paying the fees since 2013. Your father had been paying the fees for 3 years.

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Future - Perfect - Continuous - Tense
( |òüP´#·sY ` |üsYô|òø˘º ` ø£+{°qTj·Tdt ` f…Hé‡ )
ˇø£ |üìì .... ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫ ... Ä<˚ |üì uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ˝À ... Ç+ø± ø=qkÕ>∑T‘·÷ ñ+&˚≥Tº #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ
The action started and still continuing in the Future ...

|üüì bÕs¡+_Û+∫q ... düeTj·÷ìï |üø±ÿ>± #Ó|üŒ&ÜìøÏ |üüì bÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆq eé~Û >∑T]+∫ #Ó|üŒ&É+
H˚qT 2020 es¡≈£î Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚düTÔ+{≤qT. H˚qT 10 dü+!\ es¡≈£î Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚düTÔ+{≤qT.
I will have been working here since 2010. I will have been working here for 10 years.
y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 9 >∑+!\ es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± m<äTs¡T#·÷dü÷Ô ñ+{≤eTT. y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ m<äTs¡T#·÷dü÷Ô ñ+{≤eTT.
We will have been waiting for you since 9A.M. We will have been waiting for you for 3 hours.
n‘·&ÉT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√dü+ 2025 es¡≈£î Ç+ø± Á|üj·T‹ïdü÷Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT. n‘·&TÉ ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√dü+ 9 dü+!e‘·s‡ ê\ es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± |Á jü T· ‹ïd÷ü Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT.
He will have been trying for a job since 2005. He will have been trying for a job for 9 years.
neTà kÕj·T+Á‘+· es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘÷· ñ+≥T+~.

li s h
neTà 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘·÷ ñ+≥T+~.
Mummy will have been cooking since morning.
E n g Mummy will have been cooking for 3hours.
n~ 6nHÓ\\ es¡≈£î Ç+ø± |ü&9

n~ pHé HÓ\ es¡≈£î Ç+ø± |ü&çb˛‘·÷ ñ+≥T+~.
ok e 5 2 3 çb˛‘·÷ ñ+≥T+~.
SpT. s¡$930s√E\ 49es¡≈£î Ç+ø± #Ó|üPÔ ñ+{≤&ÉT.

It will have been falling since june month. It will have been falling for 6 months.
s¡$ k˛eTyês¡eTT es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± #Ó|uPü Ô ñ+{≤&É
a m
R≈£î $e]dü÷Ô ñ+{≤&É
Ravi will have been telling since Monday. 9 3
:T. e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± $e]dü÷Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT.
Ravi will have been telling for 3 days.
ll
Ce
e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ es¡
Our teacher will have been explaining since 4 P.M. Our teacher will have been explaining for 4 hours.
y˚TeTT eT<Ûë´Vü≤ïeTT es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{≤eTT. y˚TeTT 2 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{≤eTT.
We will have been playing chess since afternoon. We will have been playing chess for 2 hours.
yês¡T <ëìì sπ |ü{Ï es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± yÓ‘·T≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñ+{≤s¡T. yês¡T <ëìì 2 s√E\ es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± yÓ‘T· ≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñ+{≤s¡T.
They will have been searching it since yesterday. They will have been searching it for 2 days.
n‘·&ÉT 2 >∑+!\ es¡≈£î Ç+ø± ‹+≥÷ ñ+{≤&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT 2 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± ‹+≥÷ ñ+{≤&ÉT.
He will have been eating since 2 o’clock. He will have been eating for 2 hours.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\ es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± ø±˝Ÿ #˚d÷ü Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT. e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± ø±˝Ÿ #˚d÷ü Ô ñ+{≤&ÉT.
My brother will have been calling since 3 o’clock. My brother will have been calling for 3 hours.
MTs¡T Ä~yês¡eTT es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± #·÷dü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T. MTs¡T ˇø£ yês¡eTT es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± #·÷dü÷Ô ñ+{≤s¡T.
You will have been watching it since yesterday. You will have been watching it for a week.
MT Hêqï >±s¡T 2028 es¡≈£î Ç+ø± |ò”E ø£&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+{≤s¡T. MT Hêqï >±s¡T 3 dü+e‘·s‡ ê\ es¡≈î£ Ç+ø± |òE” ø£&TÉ ‘·÷ ñ+{≤s¡T.
Your father will havebeen paying the fees since 2028. Your father will have been paying the fees for 3 years.

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5
1. Present - Simple
2. Present - Continuous
Present
3. Present - Perfect
4. Present - Perfect - Continuous
5. Past - Simple
6. Past - Continuous
Past
7. Past - Perfect
8. Past - Perfect - Continuous
9. Future - Simple
10. Future - Continuous
Future
li sh
11. Future - Perfect
12. FutureE
g
n - Continuous
- Perfect
k e n 2 3 9
p o 9 5
Sq eTTKýÓ9TÆq0..4Powerful Structures
J$‘ê+‘·+ >∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø√e\dæ
u
R am : 9 3
ll
Ce
1. Present Simple............. Subject + Present(s) ..... I go ....( He/she/it .. goes )
2. Present Continuous...... Sub+ is / am / are + ing.... I am going ... ( He is going)
3. Present Perfect............. Sub + have / has / + V3 ..... I have gone .... ( He has gone (V3)
4. Present - Perf -Conti.. Sub + have / has been + ing I have been going ... ( He has been...
5. Past Simple................... Sub+ Past ........................ I ( he ) ... went .......

6. Past Continuous........... Sub+ was / were + ing...... I ( he ) was going .....
7. Past - Perfect......... Sub+ had + V3 ................. I ( he ) had gone ...
8. Past - Perf -Conti.. Sub+ had been + ing.......... I ( he ) had been going...
9. Future Simple............... Sub+ will + Present ........ I ( he ) will go...
10. Future Continuous..... Sub+will be + ing.............. I ( he ) will be going ....
11. Future Perfect............. Sub + will have + V3 .......... I ( he ) will have gone .....
12. Future - Perf -Conti.. Sub+ will have been + ing.. I ( he )will have been going ...

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Conjugation of a verb - Table (12 Tenses)
Perfect
Simple Continuous Perfect Continuous
1 2 3 4
Present
Present Present Present

ás√E Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Present Subject + Sub + is /am / are Sub + have / has +
Sub + have / has + V3
Present( s ) + ing been + ing
5 6 7 8
ìqï Past Past Past Past
Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Past
Subject + Past Sub + was / were + Sub + had + V3 Sub + had been + ing
ing
9 10 11 12
Future Future Future Future
πs|ü⁄ Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Simple
Future Subject + will + Sub + will be + Sub + will have +
l i s h
Sub + will have+ been + ing
Present ing V3
E
$<Ûë´s¡Tú\T ... ô|’ fÒãT˝Ÿ qT ... n+<äT˝Àì ... 12 f…qT‡\ ù|s¡¢qT... MT H√{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã+‘·n
g
es¡≈£î .... ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç ....
k e n 2 3 9
Conjugation of a verb - p
S I goo & He 4 ( 95 ) goes
m u 3 9 0 3rd Person singular
R a l : 9 Perfect
Simple
Ce l
Continuous Perfect Continuous
I go I am going I have gone I have been going

ás√E
Present He goes He is going He has gone He has been going
ìqï I went I was going I had gone I had been going

Past He went He was going He had been going
he had gone
I will go I will be going I will have gone

πs|ü⁄ I will have been going
Future He will go He will be going he will have gone He will have been going
$<ë´s¡Tú\T ... ô|’ fÒãT˝Ÿ qT ... n+<äT˝Àì ... yêø±´\qT ... MT H√{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î .... ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç ....

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Conjugation of a verb - I go ( Telugu - Meanings )
Perfect
ás√E I go I am going I have gone I have been going

Present H˚qT yÓfi≤ÔqT H˚qT yÓfi¯óÔHêïqT H˚qT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ yÓfi≤flqT H˚qT Ç+ø± yÓfi¯óÔHêïqT
ìqï I went I was going I had gone I had been going
Past H˚qT yÓfi≤flqT H˚qT yÓfi¯óÔ+{Ïì H˚qT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ yÓ[fl H˚qT Ç+ø±
ñ+{Ïì yÓfió¯ +Ô {Ïì
I will go I will be going I will have I will have been
πs|ü⁄ gone going
H˚qT sπ |ü⁄
H˚qT sπ |ü⁄ H˚qT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ yÓ[fl H˚qhT Ç+ø±
Future yÓfi≤ÔqT yÓfi¯óÔ+{≤qT
ñ+{≤qT g l s
i yÓfi¯óÔ+{≤qT
E nes¡≈£î .... ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç ....
k e n
$<ë´s¡Tú\T ... ô|’ fÒãT˝Ÿ qT ... n+<äT˝Àì ... yêø±´\qT ... MT H√{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã+‘·
2 3 9
S p o 4 9 5
Conjugation of a verb - He
m u goes (
3 0
3rd Person singular
9
) ( Telugu - Meanings )
R a l:9
Simple e l
CContinuous Perfect
Perfect
Continuous
He goes He is going He has gone He has been going

ás√E
Present n‘·&ÉT yÓfi≤Ô&ÉT n‘·&ÉT n‘·&ÉT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ n‘·&ÉT Ç+ø±
yÓfi¯óÔHêï&ÉT yÓfi≤fl&ÉT yÓfi¯óÔHêï&ÉT
He went He had been going
ìqï He was going he had gone
n‘·&ÉT n‘·&TÉ n‘·&TÉ Ç+ø±
Past n‘·&ÉT n|ü⁄Œ&˚
yÓfi≤fl&ÉT yÓfió¯ +Ô &ÓqT yÓ[fl ñ+&ÓqT yÓfió¯ Ô+&ÓqT
he will have He will have
He will go He will be
πs|ü⁄ going gone been going
n‘·&ÉT πs|ü⁄ n‘·&TÉ Ç+ø±
Future yÓfi≤Ô&TÉ n‘·&ÉT πs|ü⁄ n‘·&ÉT n|ü⁄Œ&˚
yÓfi¯óÔ+{≤&ÉT yÓ[fl ñ+{≤&ÉT yÓfió¯ +Ô {≤&ÉT

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Conjugation of a verb - We come ( Telugu - Meanings )
Perfect
We have been
We are We have come

ás√E We come coming coming
y˚TeTT ekÕÔeTT y˚TeTT y˚TeTT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ y˚TeTT Ç+ø±
Present e#êÃeTT.
edüTHÔ êïeTT edüTHÔ êïeTT
We came We were We had come We had been
ìqï y˚TeTT coming coming
Past y˚TeTT y˚TeTT n|ü⁄Œ&e˚ ∫Ã y˚TeTT Ç+ø±
e#êÃeTT edüT+Ô {Ï$T ñ+{Ï$T edüT+Ô {Ï$T
We will We will be We will have We will have been
πs|ü⁄ come coming come coming
Future y˚TeTT πs|ü⁄ y˚TeTT πs|ü⁄ y˚TeTT n|ü⁄Œ&˚
l i h
y˚sTeTT Ç+ø±
ekÕÔeTT edüT+Ô {≤eTT e∫Ãñ+{≤eTT.
n g edüT+Ô {≤eTT
E ø£+sƒ9¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç ....
H√{Ïn
$<ë´s¡Tú\T ... ô|’ fÒãT˝Ÿ qT ... n+<äT˝Àì ... yêø±´\qT ... MT e øÏ e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î .... 3
o
p( 049 )k 5 2
u S 9
Conjugation of a verb - She reads 3rd Person singular ( Telugu - Meanings )
Ra ll : 9 m 3
Simple e
CContinuous Perfect
Perfect
Continuous
She is She has read She has been
She reads
ás√E ÄyÓT reading ÄyÓT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ reading
Present ÄyÓT ÄyÓT Ç+ø± #·<Tä e⁄‘·÷
#·<Tä e⁄‘·T+~ #·<äTe⁄‘·÷ qï~ #·~$+~ e⁄qï~
She read She was She had read She had been
ìqï reading reading
ÄyÓT ÄyÓT ÄyÓT n|ü⁄Œ&˚
Past ÄyÓT Ç+ø±
#·~$+~ #·<Tä e⁄‘·÷+&ÓqT #·~$ñ+&ÓqT #·<Tä e⁄‘·÷+&ÓqT
She will She will be She will She will have
πs|ü⁄ read reading have read been reading
Future ÄyÓT πs|ü⁄ ÄyÓTsπ |ü⁄ #·<Tä e⁄‘·÷ ÄyÓT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ ÄyÓT Ç+ø±
#·<Tä e⁄‘·T+~ e⁄+≥T+~ #·~$ ñ+≥T+~ #·<äTe⁄‘·÷ e⁄+≥T+~

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Conjugation of a verb - They buy ( Telugu - Meanings )
Perfect
Simple Continuous Perfect
Continuous
They buy They are They have They have been
ás√E yês¡T buying bought buying

Present yês¡T yês¡T Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ yês¡T Ç+ø±
ø=+{≤s¡T ø=+≥THêïs¡T ø=Hêïs¡T ø=+≥THêïs¡T
They They were They had They had been
ìqï bought buying bought buying
Past yês¡T yês¡T yês¡T n|ü⁄Œ&˚ yês¡T Ç+ø±
ø=Hêïs¡T ø=+≥T+&ç] ø=ì ñ+&ç] ø=+≥T+&ç]
They will They will be They will They will have
πs|ü⁄ buy buying have bought been buying
yês¡T
Future yês¡T πs|ü⁄ ø=+≥T+{≤s¡T yês¡T n|ü⁄Œ&˚
l i s h
yês¡T Ç+ø±
ø=+{≤s¡T ø=ì ñ+{≤s¡T
E g ø=+≥T+{≤s¡T
nes¡≈£î .... ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç ....
k e n
$<ë´s¡Tú\T ... ô|’ fÒãT˝Ÿ qT ... n+<äT˝Àì ... yêø±´\qT ... MT H√{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã+‘·
2 3 9
Conjugation of a verb - S It p
o 495 )
m u eats (
3 9 0
3rd Person singular ( Telugu - Meanings )
R a l : 9
Ce
Simple Continuous l Perfect
Perfect
Continuous
It eats It is eating It has eaten It has been eating

ás√E n~ Ç+ø±
n~ n~ n~ Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚
Present
‹+≥T+~ ‹+≥Tqï~ ‹ì+~ ‹+≥Tqï~
It was It had It had been eating
ìqï It ate
eating eaten
Past n~ ‹ì+~ n~ n~ n|ü⁄Œ&˚ ‹ì n~ Ç+ø±
‹+≥T+&ÓqT ñ+&ÓqT ‹+≥T+&ÓqT
It will eat It will be It will have It will have been
πs|ü⁄ eating eaten eating
Future n~ πs|ü⁄ n~ πs|ü⁄ n~ n|ü⁄Œ&˚ ‹ì n~ Ç+ø±
‹+≥T+~ ‹+≥T+≥T+~ ñ+≥T+~ ‹+≥T+≥T+~

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Conjugation of a verb - Children play ( Telugu - Meanings )
Perfect
Simple Continuous Perfect
Continuous
Children Children
Children Children have

ás√E play are playing have played been playing
Present |æ\¢\T |æ\¢\T |æ\¢\T Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ |æ\¢\T Ç+ø±
Ä&É‘ês¡T Ä&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T Ä&Üs¡T Ä&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T
Children Children Children had Children had
ìqï played were playing played been playing
Past |æ\¢\T |æ\¢\T |æ\¢\T n|ü⁄Œ&˚ |æ\¢\T Ç+ø±
Ä&Üs¡T Ä&ÉT‘·T+&ç] Ä&ç ñ+&ç] Ä&ÉT‘·T+&ç]
πs|ü⁄ Children Children will Children will Children will have
will play be playing have played been playing
|æs\h
Future |æ\¢\T πs|ü⁄ |æ\¢\T |æ\¢\T n|ü⁄Œ&˚
g l i ¢\T Ç+ø±
Ä&ÉT‘·T+{≤s¡T
Ä&É‘ês¡T Ä&ÉT‘·T+{≤s¡T Ä&ç ñ+{≤s¡T n
E ø£+9sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç ....
$<ë´s¡Tú\T ... ô|’ fÒãT˝Ÿ qT ... n+<äT˝Àì ... yêø±´\qT ... MTe
k n
H√{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î ....3
2
S o
p 049 5
m u
Conjugation of a verb - Rama sings ( 3rd Person singular ) ( Telugu - Meanings )
3 9
Ra ll : 9
SimpleCContinuous e Perfect
Perfect
Continuous
Rama Rama is Rama has Rama has been
ás√E sings singing sung singing
Present sêeTT&ÉT sêeTT&ÉT sêeTT&ÉT Ç|ü⁄Œ&˚ sêeTT&ÉT Ç+ø±
bÕ&É‘ê&ÉT bÕ&ÉT‘·THêï&ÉT bÕ&Ü&ÉT bÕ&ÉT‘·THêï&ÉT
Rama Rama was Rama had Rama had been
ìqï sang singing sung singing
Past sêeTT&ÉT sêeTT&ÉT sêeTT&ÉT n|ü⁄Œ&˚ sêeTT&ÉT Ç+ø±
bÕ&Ü&ÉT bÕ&ÉT‘·T+&ÓqT bÕ&çñ+&ÓqT bÕ&ÉT‘·T+&ÓqT
Rama will Rama will Rama will Rama will have
πs|ü⁄ sing be singing have sung been singing
sêeTT&ÉT sêeTT&ÉT n|ü⁄Œ&˚
Future sêeTT&ÉT πs|ü⁄ bÕ&ÉT‘·T+{≤&ÉT bÕ&çñ+{≤&ÉT sêeTT&ÉT Ç+ø±
bÕ&É‘ê&ÉT bÕ&ÉT‘·T+{≤&ÉT
$<ë´s¡Tú\T .... ô|’ fÒãT˝Ÿ qT ... n+<äT˝Àì ... yêø±´\qT ... MT H√{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î .... ø£+sƒ¡düúeTT #˚j·T+&ç ....

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H˚qT ... nH˚ düu…®ø˘º qT rdüTø=ì .... ˇπø .... es¡T“qT rdüTø=ì ..... 12 s¡ø±\T>± .... 12 f…qT‡\T>± ... m˝≤ #ÓbÕŒ˝À .... $e]+#êqT
◊‘˚ .... MTs¡T .... Á|üø£ÿqTqï MT≈£î q∫Ãq düu…®ø˘º\qT ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô ... q∫Ãq es¡T“qT rdüTø=ì ... n˝≤π> bòÕdtº>± ...
H√{Ï ÁbÕø°ºdt ... #˚j·T+&ç .... Practice makes man Perfect
I go I am going I have gone I have been going
I went I was going I had gone I had been going
I will go I will be going I will have gone I will have been going
I sing I am singing I have sung I have been singing

I sang I was singing I had sung I had been singing
I will sing I will be singing I will have sung I will have been singing
I
We I read I am reading I have read I have been reading
You I read I was reading I had read I had been reading
They I will read I will be reading I will have read I will have been reading
These
Theso
Rama &Seetha I swim I am swimming I have swum I have been swimming
Boys I swam I was swimming I had swum I had been swimming
Girls
li sh
I will swim I wlll be swimming I will have swum I will have been swimming
Pens
Books
I learn En g
I am learning I havelearnt I have been learning
Cats
Rats
I learnt
en
I waslearning
k 2 3 9 I had learnt I had been learning
Lions
p o
S 904 95
I will learn I wlll be learning I will have learnt I will have beenlearning
Tigers
Sun & Moon I join
m u 3I am joining I have joined I have been joining
Trains
Ra
I joined
l : 9 I was joining I had joined I had been joining

Buses
Cars
I kill Cel
I will join I wlll be joining
I am killing
I will have joined I will have been joining
I have killed I have been killing

etc.........
I killed I was killing I had killed I had been killing
I will kill I wlll be killing I will have killed I will have been killing
I come I am coming I have come I have been coming

I came I was coming I had come I had been coming
I will come I wlll be coming I will have come I will have been coming
I drink I am drinking I have drunk I have been drinking

I drank I was drinking I had drunk I had been drinking
I will drink I wlll be drinking I will have drunk I will have been drinking
I see I am seeing I have seen I have been seeing

I saw I was seeing I had seen I had been seeing
I will see I wlll be seeing I will have seen I will have been seeing
düu…®ø˘º\qT e÷s¡Ã+&ç .... es¡T“\qT e÷s¡Ã+&ç ... 12 f…qT‡\T bòÕdtº>± #Ó|üŒ&É+ ÁbÕø°ºdt #˚j·T+&ç
I , We , You , They , Rama & Seeta , Boys , Children , ... etc...
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Çø£ÿ&É MTs¡T #·÷düTÔqï$ .... 3e e´øÏÔ @ø£ e#·qeTT\T 3rd Person Singulars ...
He - She - It - Rama - Seeta ....etc
Present - Tense ˝À ... ( Verb + S ) is - has - has been nì #ÓbÕŒ* ... >∑eTì+#·+&ç ...
He goes He is going He has gone He has been going
He went He was going He had gone He had been going
He will go He will be going He will have gone He will have been going
She sings She is singing She has sung She has been singing
She sang She was singing She had sung She had been singing
She will sing She will be singing She will have sung She will have been singing
He It reads It is reading It has read It has been reading

She It read It was reading It had read It had been reading
It It will read Itwill be reading It will have read It will have been reading
This
That
This swims This is swimming This has swum This has been swimming
Rama
This swam This was swimming This had swum This had been swimming
Seetha
Sun
li sh
This will swim This wlll be swimming Thiswill have swum This will have been swimming
Moon
En g
Tiger
Lion
k n 2 3 9
That learns That is learning That has learnt That has been learning
e
That learnt That was learning That had learnt That had been learning
Bus
Car p o 95
That will learn That wlll be learning That will have learnt That will have been learning
S 904
Train
m u 3
Rama joins Rama is joining Rama has joined Rama has been joining
Aeroplane
etc...... Ra : 9
Rama joined Rama was joining Rama had joined Rama had been joining
l
Cel
Rama will join Rama wlll be joining Rama will have joined Rama will have been joining
Seetha kills Seetha is killing Seetha has killed Seetha has been killing
Seetha killed Seetha was killing Seetha had killed Seetha had been killing
Seetha will kill Seetha wlll be killing Seetha will have killed Seetha will have been killing
The sun rises The sun is rising The sun has risen The sun has been rising
The sun rose The sun was rising The sun had risenThe sun had been rising
Thesunwillrise Thesun wlllberising Thesunwillhaverisen Thesunwillhavebeenrising
The moon shines The moon is shining The moon has shined The moon has been shining
The moon shined The moon was shining The moon had shined The moon had been shining
The moon will shine The moon will be shining Themoon will have shined The moon will have been shining
Tiger drinks Tiger is drinking Tiger has drunk Tiger has been drinking
Tiger drank Tiger was drinking Tiger had drunk Tiger had been drinking
Tiger will drink Tiger wlll be drinking Tiger will have drunk Tiger will have been drinking
Çø£ÿ&É MTs¡T #·÷düTÔ+&˚$ .... 3 e´øÏÔ @ø£ e#·qeTT\T 3rd Person Singulars ...
He - She - It - Rama - Seeta ....etc Present - Tense ˝À ... is - has - has been nì #ÓbÕŒ* ... >∑eTì+#·+&ç ...

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yÓqTø£ ù||üs¡¢˝À ... $e]+∫q ... $<Ûä+>± á ÁøÏ +~ 100 yêø±´\≈£î
Home-work Conjugation of a Verb 12 - Tenses Home-work
\T>± H√{Ÿ ãTø˘ ˝À sêj·T+&ç ... H√{Ï‘√ ÁbÕø°ºdt #Ój·T´+&ç
1. Seeta drinks coffee. 51. Engineer gives the plan.
2. Raja breaks the bat. 52. My brother watches T.V.
3. My father spends the money. 53. He serves the poor.
4. Raju sees the snake. 54. She attracts me.
5. Daddy brushes the teeth. 55. I love India.

6. Ramu finishes his home work. 56. Gandhi gets Independence.
7. Saritha reads the News-Papers. 57. We finish this work.
8. Sujatha write a letter. 58. They complete the project.
9. Ravi cleans the room. 59. I learn computer.
10. Sujatha washes the clothes. 60. We learn computer & Spoken English.
11. Lavanya passes the 10th class. 61. He drinks coffee and milk.
12. Rama kills the snake. 62. We eat Idlies and poories.
13. The Repairer repairs the watch. 63. The doctor sends the Ambulance.
14. She writes the novels. 64. We reach the target.
15. The servant cuts the trees. 65. I learn Spoken English.
16. Rajani breaks the glass. 66. We play cricket.
17. Geeta sings a song. 67. You spend a lot of money.
18. The carpenter makes the chair.
li sh 68. They catch the bus.
19. Daddy sends the gift to me.
20. Raghava kills the tiger.
En g 69. He smokes the cigarettes.
70. She buys 10 saries.
22. Ravi takes the gift.

k n 2 3 9
21. Our Head Master punishes the students.
e
71. It does its work.
72. Rama sings a nice song.
p o
23. He gives the Instructions.
S 904
24. My father brings a T.V. 95 73. Seeta marries janardhan.
74. kiran loves his country.
m u
25. They elect Sandeep.
3 75. Indians win the match.
Ra
26. We win the match.
l
27.Sachin plays cricket.: 9 76. America gives an opportunity.
77. Sreeram weds Janaki.
Cel
28. Police catches the thief.
29. My brother opens the gate.
78. Chiru wins the first prize.
79. Y.S.R. defeats chandrababu.
30. We respect him. 80. Lalitha passes the P.G.
31. Mohan draw the picture. 81. He breaks the rule.
32. Shiva says the truth. 82. They made me very happy.
33. Rajani gives the present. 83. Kiran tears the waste paper.
34. The student operates the computer. 84. Suhasini plays the chess well.
35. The farmer grows rice. 85. Pratap directs the film.
36. He gives one lakh rupees. 86. Narayan remakes the Hit movie.
37. We take the first prize. 87. She builds the house.
38. The girl hits the boy. 88. Sharath catches the snake.
39. Mummy shuts the door. 89. Sreenivas studies degree in this college.
40. He returns the amounts. 90. H.M. Scolds the teachers.
41. He writes a letter. 91. We attend the meeting.
42. Arundati kills the snake. 92. Ravi repairs the computer.
43. We finish the home. 93. She fails the 10th class 3 times.
44. Seenu cooks non-veg. 94. Rani orders her sister.
45. Raju teaches economics. 95. His father put many conditions.
46. I post the letter. 96. The guard stops the train.
47. We get the ration card. 97. She obeys her mother.
48. C.B.I. Interrogates the criminals. 98. C.M. Hoists the flag.
49. Mummy locks the Godrej. 99. I control my bad habits.
50. They consult the doctor. 100. I complete the work.
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li sh
En g
k en 2 3 9
p o
S 904 95
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel

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li sh
En g
k en 2 3 9
p o
S 904 95
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel

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li sh
En g
k en 2 3 9
p o
S 904 95
m u 3
Ra l : 9
Cel

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Spoken English
Book - 9
Adjectives
Adverbs
&
Their Differences
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
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Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
RISE
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239

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Adjectives ( $X‚wüDeTT\T )
An Adjective is a word which tells something about
a Noun or a Pronoun.
Nouns HêeTyê#·≈£eTT\T >∑T]+∫ ˝Ò<ë Pronouns düs¡«HêeTeTT\ >∑T]+∫
$X‚wü+>± ‘Ó*j·TCÒj·TT |ü<äeTTqT Adjective ( $X‚wüDeTT ) nì n+{≤s¡T.
Something - About a Noun Something - About a Pronoun

1. sêeTT&ÉT eT+∫ u≤\T&ÉT. 1. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ eT÷s¡Tâ&ÉT.
Rama is a good boy. He is a fool .
2. d”‘· ˇø£ n+<äyTÓ qÆ ne÷àsTT. 2. ÄyÓT ˇø£ q\¢ ne÷àsTT.
Seeta is a beautiful girl.
3. sêDÏ #ê˝≤ ˝≤e⁄>± ñ+~. li
She is a black girl.
3. áyÓT #ê˝≤ düqgï>±
s h
ñ+~.
Rani is very fat. E
She is very n
thin.
4. øÏc˛sY ˇø£ ù|<äyê&ÉT. 4.e n
áj· Tq #ê˝≤ <Ûìä ≈£3î&É9
T.
okHe is very Rich.2
5. ^‘· ˇø£ ne÷j·T≈£îsê\T. Sp 5. yês¡T |æ4∫9
Kishore is a poor person. 5ófl.
Ãyêfi¯
m
Geeta is an innocent girl. u 3 9
They 0are mental.
6. e÷ Hêqï ˇø£ kÕ<Ûëa
Our father is aR
s¡D e´øÏ.Ô
l : 9 6. Ç‘·qT ˇø£ ù|s¡Tqï e´øÏÔ .
simple person.
7. –] #ê˝≤ #Ó&É¶ u≤\T&ÉT . e
C l He is a popular person.
7. yês¡T #ê˝≤ #Ó&É¶ yêfi¯ófl.
Giri is a very bad boy. They are very bad.
8. sêE ˇø£ n<äèwüeº +‘·T&ÉT. 8. y˚TeTT n<äèwüºe+‘·T\eTT.
Raju is a lucky person. We are lucky persons.
9. <˚e⁄&ÉT >=|üŒyê&ÉT. 9. yêfi¯ófl >=|üŒyêfi¯ófl.
God is great. They are great.
10. dæìe÷ #ê˝≤ u≤>∑T+~. 10. n~ u≤>∑T+~.
Movie is very nice. It is nice.
11. á düeTdü´ #ê˝≤ ∫qï~. 11. Ç~ #ê˝≤ ∫qï~.
This problem is very small. This is very small.
12. ø=ã“] #Ó≥Tº bı&ÉT>±Z ñ+~. 12. n~ bı{Ïº>± ñ+~.
Coconut tree is tall. That is short.
13. e÷ neTà #ê˝≤ ø√|ü+>± ñqï~. 13. ÄyÓT #ê˝≤ $#ês¡+>± ñqï~.
Mummy is very angry. She is very sad.
14. e÷ ≈£î≥T+ã+ #ê˝≤ nq+<ä+>± ñ+~. 14. y˚TeTT #ê˝≤ nq+<ä+>± ñHêïeTT.
Our family is very happy. We are very happy.
15. e+≥ø±\T #ê˝≤ s¡T∫>± ñHêïsTT. 15. Ç$ #ê˝≤ s¡T∫>± ñHêïsTT.
The dishes are very tasty. These are very tasty.

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Adverbs ( ÁøÏj·÷ $X‚wüDeTT\T )
An Adverb is a word which tells something about
a Verb .
Verbs ÁøÏj·T\ >∑T]+∫ n+fÒ #˚dæq |üìì >∑T]+∫
$X‚wü+>± ‘Ó*j·TCÒj·TT |ü<äeTTqT Adverb ( ÁøÏj·÷ `$X‚wüDeTT ) n+{≤s¡T.
Telling - Something - About a Verb done by the Subject
1. sêeTT&ÉT y˚>∑+>± |ü]¬>‘êÔ&ÉT . 1. Rama ran fastly.
2. s¡$ u≤>± Ä&Ü&ÉT.

li sh 2. Ravi played well.
3. n‘·&ÉT >∑{Ïº>± ø={≤º&ÉT.

4. ÄyÓT yÓT\¢>± e÷{≤¢&ç+~. Eng 3. He beat hardly.
k en 2 3 9 4. She spoke slowly.
S o
5. øÏs¡DY Ä\dü´+>± e#êÃ&ÉT.
p 049
6. sêCÒwt #Ó&É¶>± Á|üe]Ô+#ê&ÉT.
5 5. Kiran came lately.
6. Rajesh behaved badly.
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
7. e÷ {°#·s¡T y˚>∑+>± $e]+#ê&ÉT. 7. Our teacher explained fastly.
8. e÷ Hêqï ø√|ü+>± ‹{≤º&ÉT. 8. Our father scolded angrily.
Ce
9. e÷ neTà s¡T∫>± e+&ç+~. 9. Our mummy cooked tastily.
10. |æ*¢ ìX¯ã∆+>± e∫Ã+~. 10. The cat came silently.
11. |æ\¢yê&ÉT >∑{Ïº>± @&ÜÃ&ÉT. 11. The boy cried loudly.
12. <=+>∑ düTìï‘·+>± e÷{≤¢&Ü&ÉT. 12. The thief talked softly.
13. >√bÕ˝Ÿ Äq+<ä+>± n+^ø£]+#ê&ÉT. 13. Gopal accepted happily.
14. e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT y˚>∑+>± ‹Hêï&ÉT. 14. Our brother ate fastly.
15. e÷ nø£ÿ u≤<Ûä‘√ e∫Ã+~. 15. My sister came sadly.
16. dü∫HéY n<äT“‘·+>± Ä&Ü&ÉT. 16. Sachin played marvelously.
17. ø£$‘· n+<ä+>± ø£qã&ç+~. 17. Kavitha looked beautifully.
18. b˛©düT nqTe÷q+>± #·÷XÊ&ÉT. 18. Police saw doubtfully.
19. >ö] |üP]Ô>± H˚s¡TÃø=ì+~. 19. Gowri learnt completely.
20. dü+^‘· nqs¡Zfi¯+>± e÷{≤¢&ç+~. 20. Sangeeta spoke fluently.

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Differences ( ‘˚&Ü\T )
Adjectives Adverbs
( $X‚wüDeTT\T ) ( ÁøÏj·÷ $X‚wüDeTT\T )

Nouns & Pronouns Verbs - #˚dæq |üì
>∑T]+∫ $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ >∑T]+∫ $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ
1. sêeTT&ÉT X¯óÁuÛÑeTT>± ñHêï&ÉT . 1. sêeTT&ÉT X¯óÁuÛÑeTT>± sêdüTÔHêï&ÉT.
l is h
Rama is neat.
2. eTùV≤wt >∑©E>± ñHêï&ÉT . n g
Rama is writing neatly.
Eis looking9dirty.
2. eTùV≤wt >∑©E>± ø£ì|ædüTÔHêï&ÉT.
Mahesh is dirty.
k e n
Mahesh
2 3
3. sêDÏ y˚>∑e+‘·Tsê\T . p o
S Rani3. sêDÏ y˚>∑e9 5
TT>± |ü]¬>‘·TÔ‘·Tqï~.
4is running fastly.
Rani is fast. u 3 9 0
4. >√bÕ˝Ÿ ì<ëqe+‘·a T&ÉTm 9
R .
ll : 4. >√bÕ˝Ÿ ì<ëq+>± |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
Gopal is slow.
5. ≈£îe÷sY <Ó’s¡é+‘·T&ÉT. C
e Gopal is working slowly.
5. ≈£îe÷sY <Ó’s¡´+>± yÓfi¯óÔHêï&ÉT.
Kumar is brave. Kumar is going bravely.
6. n‘·&ÉT >=|üŒyê&ÉT. 6. n‘·&ÉT >=|üŒ>± uÀ~ÛdüTÔHêï&ÉT.
He is great. He is teaching greatly.
7. n~ ‹j·T´>± ñ+~. 7. n~ ‹j·T´>± ‘·j·÷s¡T#˚j·Tã&ç+~.
It is sweet. It is prepared sweetly.
8. yês¡T Äq+<ä+>± ñHêïs¡T. 8. yês¡T Äq+<ä+>± ìedædüTÔHêïs¡T.
They are happy. They are living happily.
9. sêDÏ ã\V”≤q+>± ñ+~. 9. sêDÏ ã\V”≤q+>± ne⁄‘·THêïs¡T.
Rani is weak. Rani is becoming weakly.
10. H˚qT ˇø£ eT÷s¡Tâìï . 10. H˚qT eT÷s¡â+>± Á|üe]ÔdüTÔHêïqT.
I am a fool. I am behaving foolishly.

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Adjectives
( $X‚wüDeTT\T )
An Adjective is a word , used to indicate

Quality , Quantity , Character ,Number and Colour
of a noun or a Pronoun.
ˇø£ Noun HêeTyê#·≈£eTT jÓTTø£ÿ ˝Ò<ë ˇø£ Pronoun düs¡«HêeTeTT jÓTTø£ÿ
>∑TDeTTqT ø±˙ .... s¡+>∑TqT ø±˙ , eT]j·TT |ü]e÷D≤ìï ø±ì dü+K´qT ø±˙ ....
sh
‘Ó*j·TCÒj·TT |ü<äeTTqT Adjective ( $X‚wüDeTT ) nì n+{≤s¡T ....
li
E n g
6 - Kinds of k en
Adjectives 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
$X‚wüDeTT\TueTTK´+>±369s¡ø±\T ñHêïsTT ...
R a m :
Adjectiveslare 9mostly 6 kinds :
C e l
1. Adjective of quality, Character...( >∑TDeTT ˝Ò<ë HêD´‘·qT $X‚w+
ü >± #Ó|⁄ü Œ )
2. Adjective of quantity. ( |ü]e÷DeTTqT >∑T]+∫ $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
3. Adjective of number. ( dü+K´qT >∑T]+∫ $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
4. Demonstrative Adjectives. ( |òü˝≤Hê nì $X‚wü+>± #·÷|æ+∫ #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
5. Distributive Adjectives.( ˇø£ÿ{Ï>± #˚dæ $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
6. Interrogative Adjectives.( Á|üXÊï|ü<ë\T ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
Ç˝≤ M{Ï >∑T]+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+fÒ

Adjectives ` $X‚wüDeTT\
>∑T]+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó*dæqfÒº
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1. Adjective of quality ... Character ...
( >∑TDeTTqT , dü«uÛ≤eeTTqT ˝Ò<ë HêD´‘·qT $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
1. Rama is a good boy . 1. sêeTT&ÉT eT+∫ u≤\T&ÉT .
2. Seeta is an intelligent student . 2. d”‘· ˇø£ ‘Ó*$>∑\ $<Ûë´]úì.
3. Our school is a big building. 3. e÷ ã&ç ˇø£ ô|<ä› uÛÑeqeTT.

4. Rani is a brave girl. 4. sêDÏ ˇø£ <ÛÓ’s¡éTT >∑\ ne÷àsTT.
5. You have a smiling face. 5. ˙≈£î qy˚« eTTKeTT ñ+~.
6. Maths is my favorite subject. 6. ˝…øÿ£ \T Hê≈£î Çwüyº TÓ qÆ düu≈®… î£ .º
7. She has a sweet voice. 7. ÄyÓT≈£î ˇø£ ‹j·T´{Ï >=+‘·T ñ+~.
8. The sky is blue . 8. Äø±X¯eTT ˙\+>± ñ+~.
9. It is a cold night. 9. á sêÁ‹ #·\¢>± ñ+~.
10. Geeta is a bad girl. 10.^‘· ˇø£ #Ó&É¶ ne÷àsTT.
11. The weather is pleasant today. 11. ás√E yê‘êes¡DeTT eTH√Vü≤s¡+>± ñ+~.
12. She has attractive eyes. 12. ÄyÓT≈£î Äø£sD
l ish
å£¡ j
° T· yÓTqÆ ø£fió¯ fl ñqï$.
13. God is great. n g
13. <˚e⁄&ÉT >=|üŒyê&ÉT.
E
14. India is an independent country.
k e n 2 3 9
14. uÛ≤s¡‘· <˚Xe¯ TT dü«‘·+‘ Á · <˚Xe¯ TT.
15. It is hot.
S o
p 049 5
15. n~ y˚&ç>± ñ+~.
2. Adjective m uof quantity.

3 9( How much ? )
a
R >∑Tl]+∫
( |ü]e÷DeTTqT l 9
: $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ ) ( m+‘· ? )
C e
1. The child drank a little milk. 1. bÕ|ü ø=+#Ó+ bÕ\T ‘ê–+~.
2. We don’t have much time. 2. e÷≈£î m≈£îÿe düeTj·T+ ˝Ò<äT.
3. There are no fruits in the market. 3. e÷πsÿ≥Tº˝À @ |ü+&É÷¢ ˝Òe⁄ .
4. You may take any money. 4. ˙e⁄ m+‘· &ÉãT“HH’Ó ê rdüTø√e#·TÃ.
5. Raju has done many mistakes. 5. sêC≤ #ê˝≤ ‘·|⁄ü Œ\T #˚dæ ñHêï&ÉT.
6. Please .. Give me a little time. 6. <äjT· #˚d.æ .. Hê≈£î ø±düÔ düeTj·÷ìï Çe«+&ç.
7. There are many books on the table. 7. nø£ÿ&É fÒãT˝Ÿ ô|q’ #ê˝≤ |ü⁄düøÔ ±\T ñqï$.
8. We have no time to wait here. 8.e÷≈£îÇø£ÿ&Ém<äTs¡T#·÷&É{≤ìøÏdüeTj·TyT̊˝Ò<Tä .
9. I have a little hope on you. 9. Hê≈£î ˙ ô|’q ø±düÔ qeTàø£+ ñ+~.
10. They have many ideas . 10.yê]øÏ #ê˝≤ ◊&çj÷· \T ñHêïsTT.
11. He is showing much interest. 11. n‘·&TÉ #ê˝≤ ÄdüøìÔÏ #·÷|ædTü HÔ êï&ÉT.
12. They had not bring any thing. 12. yês¡T @MT rdüTø=ì sê˝Ò<äT.
13. He wasted much amount . 13. n‘·&TÉ #ê˝≤ &ÉãT“qT eè<∏ë #˚XÊ&ÉT.
14. He prepared many items. 14. n‘·&TÉ #ê˝≤ edüTeÔ ⁄\qT ‘·j÷· s¡T #˚XÊ&ÉT.
15. She served a lot. 15. ÄyÓT #ê˝≤ |ü+∫+~.
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3. Adjective of Number...( How many ? )
( dü+K´qT >∑T]+∫ $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )( mìï ?)
1. He has given me several books. 1. n‘·&TÉ ø=ìï |ü⁄düøÔ ±\qT Hê≈£î Ç#êÃ&TÉ .
2. She ate ten Idlies . 2. ÄyÓT 10 Ç&û¢\T ‹ì+~.
3. I bought the last book. 3. H˚qT ∫e] |ü⁄düøÔ ±ìï ø=HêïqT.

4. He gets the first rank. 4. n‘·&TÉ yÓTT<ä{Ï sê´+≈£îqT ‘Ó#T· Ã≈î£ +{≤&ÉT.
5. Ravi stood in the second place. 5. n‘·&ÉT ¬s+&Ée kÕúq+˝À ì\ã&Ü¶&ÉT.
6. Indira Gandhi is our first lady P.M. 6. Ç+~sê >±+~Û e÷ yÓTT<ä{Ï Á|ü<Ûëq eT+Á‹.
7. She bought 4 sarees. 7. ÄyÓT 4 Ns¡\qT ø=qï~.
8. He learnt 10 answers for this exam. 8. n‘·&TÉ Ä |üØø£≈å î£ |ü~ |Á X
ü ï¯ \qT H˚sT¡ Ãø=Hêï&ÉT.
9. Shiva brought 3 T-shirts from Hyderabad. 9. •e 3 {°`wüsT¡ \º T ôV≤’ <äsêu≤<äT qT+&ç ‘Ó#êÃ&TÉ .
10. There were 2 members in this family. 10.á ≈£î≥T+ã+˝À 2 Ç<ä›s¡T ñ+&˚yês¡T.
11. 3 persons died in this accident. 11. á j·÷øÏ‡&Ó+{Ÿ˝À 3 (eTT>∑TsZ T¡ )#·ìb˛j·÷s¡T.
12. 8 were injured in this accident.
i s h
12. á j·÷øÏ‡&Ó+{Ÿ˝À 8 ( mì$T~ eT+~ ) >±j·T|ü&Ü¶s¡T.
l
13. Police arrested 5 thieves yesterday.
n g
13. b˛©düT\T ◊<äT>∑Ts¡T <=+>∑\qT n¬sdtº #˚XÊs¡T.
E
14. He wrote 2 books on Poverty.
k e
15. The hunter killed it in the single shot.n 2 3 9
14. n‘·&TÉ 2 |ü⁄düøÔ ±\qT ù|<ä]ø£+ ô|’ sêXÊ&ÉT.
15. y˚≥>±&ÉT ˇø£fÒ >∑T]˝À <ëìì #·+ù|XÊ&ÉT.
S o
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m u
4. Demonstrative Adjectives
3 :9
this , that , these , those..
Ra$X‚wü+>±l#·l ÷:|æ+9∫ #Ó|ü⁄Œ ( n~ , Ç~ , n$ , Ç$ )
( |òü˝≤Hê nì
Ce
1. The boy wants that bat. 1. nu≤“sTTøÏ Ä u≤´≥T ø±yê* .
2. H˚qT á |ü⁄e⁄«qT Çwü|º &
ü ‘
É q· T.
2. I like this flower.
3. This book is written by me. 3. á |ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT Hê #˚‘· sêj·Tã&çq~.
4. That Non-veg was cooked by my mom. 4. Ä e÷+kÕVü‰s¡eTT neTà #˚‘· e+&Éã&çq~.
5. That person is my husband. 5. Ä e´øÏHÔ ˚ Hê uÛsÑ .Ô¡
6. Those books are in the shelf. 6. Ä |ü⁄düøÔ ±\T >∑÷{Ï˝À ñqï$.
7. These things are sold in this shop. 7. á edüTÔe⁄\T á n+>∑&ç˝À neTàã&ÉTqT.
8. I got this pen from my brother, 8. á ô|qTïqT Hê ‘·eTTà&ç qT+&ç ‘Ó#T· Ã≈î£ HêïqT.
9. My father gave this amount. 9. e÷ Hêqï>±s¡T á &ÉãT“qT Ç#êÃs¡T.
10. We are going to that movie. 10.y˚TeTT á dæìe÷≈£î yÓfió¯ HÔ êïeTT.
11. No body can do that work. 11. Ä |üìì me«s¡÷ #Ój·T´˝Òs¡T.
12. These dishes are very tasty. 12. á e+≥ø±\T #ê˝≤ s¡T∫>± ñHêïsTT.
13. These schools are waste. 13. á bÕsƒ¡XÊ\\T |üìøÏ sêì$.
14. Janaki married that person. 14.C≤qøÏ Ä e´øÏì Ô ô|fi≤fl&+ç ~.
15. That boy is Ramu’s son. 15. Ä |æ\¢yê&ÉT sêeTTjÓTTø£ÿ ≈£îe÷s¡T&ÉT.
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5. Distributive Adjectives... each , every , either , neither
(ˇø£ eøÏÔ ˝Ò<ë (m≈£îÿe) ˇø£{ÏøÏ $T+∫ m≈£îÿe edüTÔe⁄\qT ˇø£ÿ{Ï>± #˚dæ $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
Çø£ÿ&É each , every nH˚ e÷≥\≈£î ‘ All ’ nH˚ ns¡úeTT edüTÔ+~
1. Each student must come one by one. 1. Á|ü‹ $<Ûë´]ú ˇø=ÿø£ÿ]>± sêyê*.
2. Every body should do the homework. 2. Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿs¡T ÿéT esYÿ #˚dæ ñ+&Ü*.
3. All the students must sit in the each bench. 3. n+<äs÷¡ $<Ûë´s¡T\ú T ˇø=ÿø£ÿ u…+N˝ÀH˚ ≈£Ls√Ãyê*.
4. All the people must take each banana. 4. n+<äs÷¡ ˇø=ÿø£ÿ n]{Ï |ü+&˚ rdüTø√yê*.
5. Each pencil must be given to the students. 5. $<Ûë´s¡Tú\≈£î ˇø=ÿø£ÿ ô|ì‡˝Ò Çe«ã&Ü*.
6. Every theif must be arrested. 6. Á|ü‹ <=+>∑ |ü≥Tºã&Ü*.
7. Each student is very friendly. 7. |Á ‹
ü $<Ûë´]ú ùdïVü≤+>± ñHêï&ÉT.
8. Each paper contains the powerful matter. 8. |Á ‹ü ù||üsT¡ |üesY|⁄üò ˝Ÿ $wüj÷· ìï ø£*– ñ+~.
9. Every child becomes the citizen . 9. Á|ü‹ |æ\¢yê&ÉT ˇø£ bÂs¡T&ÉT ne⁄‘ê&ÉT.
10. Each officer must attend the meeting. 10.Á|‹ ü Ä|òd” sü T¡ MT{Ï+>∑T≈£î Vü‰»s¡yê«*.
11. Every player must be active. 11. Á|ü‹ Ä≥>±&ÉT #·˝≤ø°>± ñ+&Ü*.
12. Either two boys attended the class.
li sh
12. Ç<äs› ÷¡ u≤\Ts¡T ø±¢dTü ≈£î Vü‰»s¡j÷· ´s¡T.
13. Netiher of the two boys attended. n g
13. Ç<äs› ÷¡ u≤\Ts¡T ø±¢dTü ≈£î Vü‰»s¡e«˝Ò<Tä .
E
14. Either 2 books are good.
k e n 2 3 9
14. ¬s+&ÉT |ü⁄düøÔ ±\÷ u≤>∑THêïsTT.
15. Niether 2 books are good.
S p 049o 5
15. s¬ +&ÉT |ü⁄düÔø±\÷ u≤>√˝Òe⁄.
6. Interrogative m u
Adjectives... 3 9 What , which , whose
a 9
HêeTyê#·ø£eTT\≈£:î eTT+<äT ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
( Á|üXÊï|ü<ë\qTR
l 1. @ |ü⁄düøÔ ±\qT ˙e⁄ #·<Tä e⁄‘êe⁄ ?
C e
1. What books do you read?
l
2. Which book is the best? 2. @ |ü⁄düÔø£eTT u≤>∑T+≥T+~ ?
3. Whose book is this ? 3. Ç~ me«] |ü⁄düÔø£eTT ?
4. What questions are they asking ? 4. @ |Á X
ü ï¯ \qT yês¡T n&ÉT>∑T‘·THêïs¡T ?
5. Which question is tough to you ? 5. @ Á|üX¯ï ˙≈£î ø£wüº+>± ñ+~ ?
6. Whose advise do you listen ? 6. me] dü\Vü‰qT ˙e⁄ $+{≤e⁄ ?
7. What salary are you expecting ? 7.@ J‘êìï ˙e⁄ nqTø=+≥THêïe⁄ ?
8. Which company is your car ? 8. MT ø±s¡T @ ø£+|ü˙~ ?
9. Whose car was Stolen ? 9. me] ø±s¡T <=+>∑*+#·ã&çq~?
10. What dishes are prepared today? 10.@ e+≥ø±\T ás√E ‘·j÷· s¡T#˚jT· ã&ÉT‘êsTT?
11. Which movie is shown here? 11.@dæìe÷ Çø£ÿ&É #·÷|üã&ÉT‘·Tqï~ ?
12. Whose pen is this ? 12. Ç~ me] ô|qTï ?
13. What answer do you give ? 13. ˙e⁄ @ düeT<ÛëHêeTT ÇkÕÔe⁄ ?
14. Which library do you go dialy? 14.@ ˝…’ÁãØøÏ ˙e⁄ Á|ü‹s√E yÓfi≤Ôe⁄ ?
15. Whose dress is colorful today? 15. me] ã≥º\T s¡+>∑T s¡+>∑T\T>± ñHêïsTT?
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Adverbs
( ÁøÏj·÷ ` $X‚wüDeTT\T )
An Adverb is a word which modifies

a verb or an adjective or an onether adverb.
ˇø£ Verb øÁ j
Ï T· j·TTø£ÿ ˝Ò<ë ˇø£ Adjective ˝Ò<ë eTs=ø£ Adverb jÓTTø£ÿ
$X‚wüDeTTqT $e]+#·T |ü<äeTTqT
ish
Adverb ( ÁøÏj·÷ ` $X‚wüDeTT ) nì n+{≤s¡
l T ....
E n g
10 - Kinds k e
of
n
Adverbs 2 39
S o
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ÁøÏj·÷ ` $X‚wm u eTTK´+>±
üDeTT\T 39 10 s¡ø±\T ñHêïsTT ...
R a
Adverbs are : 9
l mostly 10 kinds :
C e l
1. Adverbs of Time...( #˚dæq |üì jÓTTø£ÿ düeTj·÷ìï $X‚w+ ü >± #Ó|⁄ü Œ )
2. Adverbs of place... ( #˚dæq |üì mø£ÿ&√ m˝≤>√ >∑T]+∫ $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
3. Adverbs of number..(#˚dq æ |üì mìïkÕs√¢ dü+K´qT >∑T]+∫ $X‚w+ü >± #Ó|⁄ü Œ )
4. Adverbs of manner...( #˚dq æ |üì jÓTTø£ÿ $<ÛëHêìï $X‚w+ü >± #·÷|æ+∫ #Ó|⁄ü Œ )
5. Adverbs of Degree & Quantity ...( m+‘· ? m+‘· ‘·≈î£ ÿe .. nH˚|
Á Xü ï̄≈î£ düe÷<ÛëqyT̊ )
6. Adverbs of Affirmation....( ne⁄qT ... nì $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
7. Adverbs of Negation ....( ø±<äT ... nì $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
8. Adverbs of Reason ....( ø±s¡D≤\qT.... $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
9. Interragative Adverbs ....( Á|üXÊï|ü<ë\T ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
10. Relative Adverbs ....( dü+ã+<Ûëìï dü÷∫dü÷Ô $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )

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1. Adverbs of Time ... ( When ? )
( #˚dæq |üì jÓTTø£ÿ düeTj·÷ìï $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ ( m|ü⁄Œ&ÉT )
1. He came late. 1. n‘·&TÉ Ä\dü´+>± e#êÃ&TÉ .
2. Seeta came now. 2. d”‘· Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT e∫Ã+~.
3. I went yesterday. 3. H˚qT ìqï yÓfi≤flqT.

4. I have been learning since 2012. 4. H˚qT 2012 qT+&ç Ç+ø± |üì #˚dTü HÔ êïqT.
5. We met 3 weeks ago. 5. y˚TeTT 3 yêsê\ øÁ ‘ Ï y· T˚ ø£*XÊeTT.
6. You went before Raju. 6. ˙e⁄ sêE ø£+fÒ eTT+<˚ yÓfi≤fle⁄.
7. Seresh will come after me. 7. düTsπ wt Hê ‘·sê«‘· ekÕÔ&TÉ .
8. The movie is releasing shortly. 8. dæìe÷ n‹ ‘=+<ä˝À ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑeTe⁄‘·T+~.
9. I will come soon. 9. H˚qT ‘=+<äs>¡ ± ekÕÔqT.
10. He will pay the fees tomorrow. 10.n‘·&ÉT |ò”EqT sπ |ü⁄ #Ó*k¢ ÕÔ&TÉ .
11. I will return it immediately. 11. H˚qT <ëìì ‘=+<äs¡>± ‹]– ÇkÕÔqT.
12. I had seen the movie already.
is h
12. H˚qT n|üŒ{øπÏ dæìe÷ #·÷d ñ
l æ +{Ïì.
13. I will tell you afterwards.
E n g
13. H˚qT Ä ‘·sê«‘· #ÓbÕÔqT.
14. He will finish it early.
15. The results come nextweek.
k e n 2 3 9
14. n‘·&ÉT ‘=+<äs¡>± |üP]Ô #˚kÕÔ&ÉT.
15. |òü*‘ê\T e#˚Ã yês¡+˝À ekÕÔsTT.
S o
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m u of Place
2. Adverbs 3 9 ... ( where ? )
a l : 9<ëì >∑T]+∫ y˚X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
( #˚dæq |üìRmø£ÿ&√ ...m˝≤>√
e l
1. They came here. C 1. yês¡T Çø£ÿ&çøÏ e#êÃs¡T.
2. She went there. 2. ÄyÓT nø£ÿ&çøÏ yÓ[fl+~.
3. They went abroads. 3. yês¡T $<˚XÊ\≈£î yÓfi≤flsT¡ .
4. The doctor is in. 4. &Üø£sº T¡ ˝À|ü\ ñHêïs¡T.
5. We were out. 5. y˚TeTT ãj·T≥ ñ+{Ï$T.
6. I went home. 6. H˚qT Ç+{ÏøÏ yÓfi≤flqT.
7. He lives near me. 7. n‘·&TÉ Hê<ä>sZ∑ ¡ ìedækÕÔ&TÉ .
8. Children are flying kites on the top. 8. |æ\¢\T >±*bÕ≥\qT y˚T&Éô|’q m>∑s¡y˚düTÔHêïs¡T.
9. I am within my limits. 9. H˚qT Hê n<äT|ü⁄˝À ñHêïqT.
10. You must come within an hour. 10.MTs¡T ˇø£ >∑+≥ ˝À|ü⁄ sêyê*.
11. No body should come above 2 . 11. me«s¡÷ ≈£L&Ü 2 ‘·sê«‘· sê≈£L&É<äT.
12. No body should go below 4 . 12. me«s¡÷ ≈£L&Ü 4 ø£+fÒ eTT+<˚ yÓfifl̄sê<äT.
13. Our school is built outside. 13. e÷ ã&ç ãj·T≥ ø£{Ïº+#·ã&ç+~.
14. He lives far from us. 14. n‘·&ÉT e÷ qT+&ç <ä÷s¡+>± ìedækÕÔ&ÉT.
15. The monkey jumped up. 15. ø√‘·T\T ô|’øÏ m–]q$.
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3. Adverbs of Numbers ... ( How often ? )
( #˚dæq |üì mìï kÕs√¢ nì $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ ( mìï kÕs¡T¢ ? )
1. They often go to the movies. 1. yês¡T n|ü⁄Œ&|É ⁄ü Œ&TÉ dæìe÷\≈£î yÓfi≤ÔsT¡ .
2. He often comes here. 2. n‘·&ÉT n|ü⁄Œ&É|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Çø£ÿ&çøÏ ekÕÔ&ÉT.
3. She never understands me. 3. ÄyÓT qqTï m|üŒ{øÏ Ï ns¡+ú #˚dTü ø√<äT.
4. Raju fears sometimes . 4. sêE ø=ìï kÕs¡T¢ uÛj Ñ T· |ü&‘
É ê&ÉT.
5. You can come always. 5. MTs¡T m|üŒ{ÏøÏ sê>∑\s¡T.
6. She helped me once. 6. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ÿkÕ] Hê≈£î düV‰ü j·TeTT #˚XÊ&ÉT.
7. I saw this movie twice. 7. H˚qT á dæìe÷qT ¬s+&ÉT kÕs¡T¢ #·÷XÊqT.
8. This happened thrice. 8. n~ eT÷&ÉT kÕs¡T¢ »]–+~.
9. I gave her firstly. 9. H˚qT yÓTT<ä{kÏ Õ] Ç#êÃqT.
10. Don’t eat it secondly. 10.¬s+&Ée kÕ] ‹qe<äT›.
11. Don’t repeat it again. 11. Bìì eT∞fl ‹]– #˚j·Te<äT›.
12. I see him always playing.
i sh
12. H˚qT Ç‘·ìï m|üŒ{ÏøÏ Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñ+&É+>∑H˚ #·÷kÕÔqT.
l
13. Don’t ask repeatedly.
n g
13. eT∞fl eT∞fl n&É>∑e<äT›.
E
14. Don’t call me continuously.
15. I told many times.
k n 2 3
15. H˚qT #ê˝≤ kÕs¡T¢ #ÓbÕŒqT. 9
14. Ä|ü≈î£ +&Ü ø±˝Ÿ #˚jT· e<äT.›
e
S o
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4. Adverbsm of uManner 3 ... 9
( in what manner ? )
a 9
ì m˝≤ .. @ |ül<l ä›‹:˝À nì $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ ( m˝≤ ? )
( #˚dæq |üR
C
1. Bheema fought bravely.
e 1. ;ÛeTT&ÉT <ÛÓ’s¡´+>± b˛sê&Ü&ÉT.
2. I speak English well. 2. H˚qT Ç+^¢wt u≤>± e÷{≤¢&‘ É êqT.
3. They came fastly. 3. yês¡T y˚>+∑ >± e#êÃsT¡ .
4. He talked slowly. 4. n‘·&TÉ ì<ëq+>± e÷{≤¢&Ü&ÉT.
5. Raju replied loudly. 5. sêE >∑{>ºÏ ± düe÷<Ûëq$T#êÃ&TÉ .
6. Teacher asked seriously. 6. {°#s· T¡ dæ]j·Tdt>± n&ç>±&ÉT.
7. H.M. punished severely. 7. ôV≤#Y.j·TyéT. rÁe+>± •øÏ+å #ê&ÉT.
8. She danced happily. 8. ÄyÓT Äq+<ä+>± Hê≥éTT #˚d+æ ~.
9. Her mother beat her hardly. 9. yêfi¯fl neTà ÄyÓTqT >∑{>ºÏ ± ø={Ï+º ~.
10. His brother ran fastly. 10. yêfi¯fl ‘·eTTà&ÉT y˚>∑+>± |ü]¬>‘êÔ&ÉT.
11. He comes correctly. 11. n‘·&ÉT dü]>±Z |üì#˚kÕÔ&ÉT.
12. She talked wrongly. 12. ÄyÓT ‘·|· ⁄ü Œ>± e÷{≤¢&ç+~.
13. Ravi behaved rudely. 13. s¡$ yÓTTs¡≥T>± Á|üe]Ô+#ê&ÉT.
14. I return your amount surely. 14. H˚qT ‘·|üŒ≈£î+&Ü ˙ &ÉãT“qT ‹]– ÇkÕÔqT.
15. He told sadly. 15.n‘·&ÉT $#ês¡øs£ +¡ >± #ÓbÕŒ&ÉT.
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5. Adverbs of Degree & Quantity... ( To what extent ?)
( ˇø£ |üìì... m+‘· es¡≈£î ... nì $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
1. He talks excessively . 1. n‘·&TÉ n~Ûø+£ >± e÷{≤¢&TÉ ‘ê&ÉT.
2. He rather loves his audiences. 2. n‘·&TÉ ùÁ |ø£¸≈î£ \qT Çwü|
º Pü s¡«ø£+>± ùÁ|$TkÕÔ&TÉ .
3. He hardly takes his breathe. 3. n‘·&TÉ n‹ø£w+˜ü >± XÊ«düqT rdüTø=+{≤&ÉT.

4. He talks extremely fast. 4. n‘·&TÉ #ê˝≤ y˚>+∑ >± e÷{≤¢&‘ É ê&ÉT.
5. He communicates rather well. 5. n‘·&TÉ #ê˝≤ uÛ≤>± dü+uÛ≤wækÕÔ&TÉ .
6. He gestures very quickly. 6. n‘·&TÉ Vü‰euÛ≤yê\qT n‹ y˚>+∑ >± #·÷|ækÕÔ&TÉ .
7. He is extremely talkative. 7. n‘·&TÉ #ê˝≤ n‹>± e÷{≤¢&TÉ ‘ê&ÉT.
8. He was too careless. 8. n‘·&ÉT #ê˝≤ ìs¡¢ø£¸´+>± ñ+&ÓqT.
9. His ratings are very high. 9. n‘·&ç $\Te #ê˝≤ >=|üŒ~.
10. The cup was nearly full. 10. ø£|ü⁄Œ #ê˝≤ <ä>∑Zs¡>± ì+&ç ñ+&ÓqT.
11. The mangoes were almost ripe. 11. e÷$T&ç <Ûäs¡\T <ë<ë|ü⁄>± ô|]– ñ+&ÓqT.
12. You told absolutely right.
i s h
12. ˙y˚ #Ó|æŒ+~ K∫Ã‘·+>± ø£¬s≈£îº.
l
13. He wrote too carelessly.
n g
13. n‘·&ÉT #ê˝≤ ìs¡ø¢ ¸£ ´+>± sêXÊ&ÉT.
E
14. It was quite opposite.
15. Raju came a little bit late.
k e n
14. n~ |üP]Ô>± m<äTs¡T ñ+&ÓqT.
2 3 9
S o 5
15. sêE ø±düÔ Ä\dü´+>± e#êÃ&TÉ .
p 049
m u
6. Adverbs of Affirmation 3 9
( Yes , certainly , surely , by all means )
( ˇø£ |üìì WqTR,aK∫Ã‘·+>±ll, ìdü: ‡9+<˚Vü≤+>± .. nì $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
1. Surely he will pass .C
e 1. n‘·&TÉ K∫Ã‘+· >± bÕdt ne⁄‘ê&ÉT.
2. Defenitely he comes. 2. n‘·&TÉ K∫Ã‘+· >± ekÕÔ&TÉ .
3. Yes... he did it. 3. WqT ... n‘·&TÉ <ëìì #˚XÊ&ÉT.
4. They certainly work hard. 4. yês¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± ø£w|ºü &ü ç |üì#˚kÕÔsT¡ .
5. I surely return your amount soon. 5. MT &ÉãT“qT H˚qT K∫Ã‘+· >± ‹]– ÇkÕÔqT.
6. He definitely speaks English well. 6. n‘·&TÉ K∫Ã‘+· >± Ç+^¢wt u≤>± e÷{≤¢&‘ É ê&ÉT.
7. Yes... she tells the truth. 7. WqT ... ÄyÓT ì»y˚T #ÓãT‘·T+<äT.
8. She certainly went. 8.ÄyÓT ìX¯Ãj·T+>± yÓ[fl+~.
9. He is certainly the right person. 9. n‘·&TÉ K∫Ã‘+· >± düs¬ q’ e´øÏÔ .
10. By all the means he is correct. 10.n˙ï $<Ûë\T>± n‘·&TÉ düs¬ q’ yê&ÉT.
11. By all the means I was suffered. 11. n˙ï $<Ûë\T>± H˚qT uÛ≤~Û+#·ã&Ü¶qT.
12. Yes... They cleared my doubts. 12. WqT ... yês¡T Hê dü+<˚V‰ü \qT rsêÃsT¡ .
13. Surely he will help us. 13. K∫Ã‘+· >± n‘·&TÉ e÷≈£î düV‰ü j·TeTT #˚kÕÔ&TÉ .
14. Surely he will cheat you. 14. n‘·&TÉ ìqTï K∫Ã‘+· >± yÓ÷dü+#˚kÕÔ&TÉ .
15. Certainly you return back. 15. K∫Ã‘·+>± ˙e⁄ ‹]– ekÕÔe⁄.
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7. Adverbs of Negation ( No , not , any , not at all )
( ø±<äT , ˝Ò<äT , n+≥÷ e´‹πsK+>± ˇø£ |üìì $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
1. Surely he will not pass . 1. n‘·&TÉ K∫Ã‘+· >± bÕdt ne«&ÉT.
2. Defenitely he does not come. 2. n‘·&TÉ K∫Ã‘+· >± sê&ÉT.
3. No... he did not do it. 3. ˝Ò<äT ... n‘·&ÉT #˚j·T˝Ò<äT.

4. They certainly don’t work hard. 4. yês¡T K∫Ã‘+· >± Kwü|º & ü ç |üì#˚jT· s¡T.
5. I don’t return your amount soon. 5. MT &ÉãT“qT H˚qT ‹]– Çe«qT.
6. He doesn’t speak English well. 6. n‘·&TÉ Ç+^¢wt u≤>± e÷{≤¢&&É TÉ .
7. No, she doesn’t tell the truth. 7. ˝Ò<äT ... ÄyÓT ì»y˚T #Ó|üŒ<äT.
8. She did not go. 8.ÄyÓT yÓfi¯fl˝Ò<äT.
9. He is not the right person. 9. n‘·&ÉT dü¬s’q e´øÏÔ ø±<äT.
10. Any is correct. 10.me«s¡÷ dü]ø±<äT.
11. I not at all suffered. 11. H˚qT @ e÷Á‘·eT÷ u≤~Û+|üã&É˝Ò<äT.
12. No..They didn’t clear my doubts.
l i sh
12. ˝Ò<Tä ... yês¡T Hê dü+<˚V‰ü \qT rs¡Ã˝< Ò Tä .
13. He won’t help us.
E g
13. n‘·&TÉ e÷≈£î düV‰ü j·TeTT #˚jT· &ÉT.
n
14. n‘·&TÉ ìqTï yÓ÷dü+#˚jT· ˝Ò<Tä .
14. He didn’t cheat you.
15. You don’t return back.
k e n 2 3
15. ˙e⁄ ‹]– sêe⁄. 9
S o
p 049 5
m
8. Adverbs of Reason. u ( therefore,
3 9 hence , as , because , etc.. )
( ˇø£ |üR
a l 9
D:≤ìï >∑T]+∫ $X‚wü+>± #Ó|ü⁄Œ )
C e l
ìì #˚ùd ø±s¡
1. She did not study well therefore 1. ÄyÓT u≤>± #·<äe ˝Ò<äT n+<äTe\¢
she failed in the exams . |üØø£å\T ‘·|æŒ+~.
2. He was ill hence did not 2. n‘·&TÉ nHês√>∑´+>± ñHêï&ÉT n+<äTe\q
go to the office. Ä|ò”düT≈£î yÓfi¯fl˝Ò<äT.
3. As she was tired , she went 3. ÄyÓT n*dæ b˛sTT+~ ø£qTø£ ‘=+<äs¡>±
to the bed early. ìÁ<äb˛sTT+~.
4. Sridhar did not go to the school 4. Áo<ÛäsY bÕsƒ¡XÊ\≈£î yÓfi¯fl˝Ò<äT m+<äTø£+fÒ
because he is ill. n‘·&ÉT nHês√>∑´+>± ñHêï&ÉT.
5. Janaki did not do that therefore 5. C≤qøÏ <ëìì #˚j·T˝Ò<äT n+<äTe\¢
her mother beat her. yêfi¯fl neTà ÄyÓTqT ø={Ïº+~.
6. She is a poor girl hence she 6. ÄyÓT ˇø£ ù|<ä ne÷àsTT n+<äTe\¢
did not go to the tour. ÄyÓT $Vü‰s¡ j·÷Á‘·≈£î yÓfi¯fl˝Ò<äT.
7. He came late because the bus 7. n‘·&ÉT Ä\dü´+>± e#êÃ&ÉT m+<äTø£+fÒ
came late. ãdüT‡ ˝Ò≥T>± e∫Ã+~.
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9. Interrogative Adverbs...
( Á|üX¯ï\T n&ÉT>∑T≥≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T ÁøÏj·÷ $X‚wüDeTT\T )
1. Where is Rama ? 1. sêeTT&ÉT mø£ÿ&É ñHêï&ÉT ?
2. Why are you late ? 2. ˙≈£î m+<äT≈£î Ä\düéTT nsTT´+~?
3. How many students passed the text? 3. m+‘· eT+~ $<ë´s¡Tú\T bÕdt nj·÷´s¡T?
4. When did sekhar come from Hyd? 4. X‚Ks¡T ôV≤’ <äsêu≤<äT qT+&ç m|ü⁄Œ&TÉ e#êÃ&TÉ ?
5. Where is your book ? 5. ˙ |ü⁄düÔø£eTT mø£ÿ&É ñ+~?
6. When has he come ? 6. n‘·&ÉT m|ü⁄Œ&ÉT e#êÃ&ÉT?
7. Why are you laughing ? 7. MTs¡T m+<äT≈£î qe⁄«‘·THêïs¡T ?
8. How long will he stay here ? 8. n‘·&ÉT m+‘· ø±\+ Çø£ÿ&É ñ+{≤&ÉT?
9. How much did he give you ? 9. n‘·&ÉT ˙≈£î m+‘· Ç#êÃ&ÉT ?
10. How many participated? 10.m+‘· eT+~ bÕ˝§ZHêïs¡T ?
11. How far is your place far from here? 11. MT düú\eTT Çø£ÿ&ç qT+&ç m+‘· <ä÷s¡eTT?
12. Where is your school ?
li s h
12.MT ã&ç mø£ÿ&É ñ+~ ?
13. Why are the people standing there?
E g
13. nø£ÿ&É »Hê\T m+<äT≈£î ì\ã&Ü¶s¡T ?
n
14. m+‘· eT+~ #·ìb˛j·÷s¡T ?
14. How many were died ?
15. When will you give the amount?
k e n 2 3 9
15. ˙e⁄ &ÉãT“qT m|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ÇkÕÔe⁄ ?
S o
p 049 5
m 10.u Relative3Adverbs
9
RaTqï Nouns
Adverbs eTT+<ä l : 9
HêeTyê#· ø£eTT\‘√ dü+uÛÑ+<ëìï dü÷∫+#˚
C e l
1. They went to the building which 1. @<Ó’‘˚ uÛÑeqeTT ì]à+#·ã&ç+<√
was constructed. yês¡T Ä uÛeÑ HêìøÏ yÓfi≤flsT¡ .
2. She remembered the convent 2. ÄyÓT ‘·qT mø£ÿ&Ó’‘˚ #·~$ ñ+&ÓH√
where she studied . Ä ø±HÓ«+{ŸqT >∑Ts¡TÔ+#·Tø=ì+~.
3. I know the place where 3. eTq+ mø£ÿ&çø¬ ‘ ’ ˚ yÓfió¯ HÔ êïy˚T
we are going. Ä dü\ú eTT Hê≈£î ‘Ó\TdüT.
4. I earned the money which 4. H˚qT @<Ó‘ ’ ˚ p<ä+˝À b˛>=≥Tº≈î£ HêïH√
I lost in the gambling. <ëìì dü+bÕ~+#êqT .
5. He studied again where 5.n‘·&TÉ mø£ÿ&Ó‘ ’ ˚ ‘·q #·<Tä e⁄qT
he discontinued his studies. Äù|dæ ñ+&ÓH√ nø£ÿ&˚ eT∞fl #·~yê&ÉT.
6. We all are visiting the Tajmahal 6. @<Ó’‘˚ ÄÁ>±˝À ñ+<√ Ä ‘êCŸeTVü≤˝Ÿ qT
which is in Agra. y˚TeT+‘ê <ä]ÙdüTHÔ êïeTT.
7. I found my book where 7. mø£ÿ&Ó‘’ ˚ Hê |ü⁄düøÔ ±ìï b˛>=≥Tº≈î£ HêïH√
I had lost it. nø£ÿ&˚ <ëìì #·÷XÊqT.
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li sh
Eng
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
mu 39
Ra ll : 9
Ce

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Spoken English
Book - 10
Prepositions
&
Their Kinds
Written & Edited By
D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

Cell : 9390495239
------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------

Director
D.H. Ramu
(Adoni)
RISE
Kurnool - 518002.
Phone: (+91) 9390495239

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------

Prepositions
( $uÛÑøÏÔ Á|ü‘·´j·TeTT\T )
ÇHé in ˝À ( ˝À|ü\ )
ÄHé on ô|’q ( MT<ä )
n{Ÿ at e<ä›
$‘Y with ‘√
u…’ by #˚‘·
|òsü Y for ø=s¡≈£î
Á|üyéT from qT+&ç
≥T to ≈£î ( øÏ )lish
n|t up |ô nø
’ Ï
EÁøÏ+~øÏ 9 g
&ÍHé down
k e n 2 3
n+&ÉsY under
S p o 49 ÁøÏ+5<ä
Ä|òt muof 3 90 jÓTTø£ÿ
ÇHé≥T Ra into l : 9 ˝À|ü*øÏ
_ôd&’ é C e l
beside |Á øü ÿ£ q
_ôV≤’ +&é behind yÓqø£
ÇHé Á|òü+{Ÿ Ä|òt infront of eTT+<äs¡
_{ŸMHé between eT<Ûä´˝À
n˝≤+>¥ along ì\Te⁄>± ( düø£ÿ>± )
ne÷+>¥ among n+<äT˝À ( yê]˝À )
‘Á ÷· through <ë«sê
Äb˛õ{Ÿ opposite m<äTs¡T>±
nÁø±dt across n&É¶+>±
ìj·TsY near <ä>∑Zs¡
bòÕsY far <ä÷s¡eTT
Ä|òsºü Y after ‘·sê«‘·
_bò˛sY before eTT+<äT ( Ç+‘·≈£î eTT+<äT )
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MTs¡T #·÷dæq .... H˚s¡TÃ≈£îqï .... Á|æb˛õwüHé |ü<ë\qT
]esY‡ π>sY |ü<ä›‹ <ë«sê
Ç+^¢wt ˝À m˝≤ #ÓbÕŒ˝À Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+
düT\uÛÑyÓTÆq dü÷Á‘·+ .... ]esY‡ dü÷Á‘·+

‘Ó\T>∑T˝À qT+&ç Ç+^¢wt ˝À ]esY‡˝À #Ó|üŒ+&ç
dæìe÷ ˝Àü e÷¬sÿ≥Tº ˝Àü ã&ç ˝À
in Cinema in market ngl

in ish
School
n E 9
fÒãT˝Ÿ ô|’q {≤ø°dpüToke<äe › 9Hêqï
523 ‘√
u S 904
Ram : 9 3
on table Cat ll
e talkies with father
s√&ÉT¶≈£î n&É¶+>± e÷ Ç+{Ï eTT+<äs¡ oqT yÓqø£
across road in front of our house behind Seenu
Ä|ò”düT qT+&ç ˙fi¯fl ø=s¡≈£î düeTTÁ<äeTT ÁøÏ+<ä
from office for water under sea

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˝À ( ˝À|ü\ ) in ô|’øÏ up
dæìe÷˝À in the movie. ø=+&É ô|’øÏ up the hill.
ny˚T]ø±˝À in America. #Ó≥Tº ô|’øÏ up the tree.
ã&ç˝À in the school. Ç+{Ï ô|’øÏ up the house.
ãT≈£îÿ˝À in the book. ≥es¡T ô|’øÏ up the tower.
s¡÷eTT˝À|ü\ in the room. >√&É ô|’øÏ up the wall.
ô|’q ( MT<ä ) on ÁøÏ+~øÏ down
Ç+{Ï ô|’q on the house. ø=+&É ÁøÏ+~øÏ down the hill.

#˚‹ ô|’q on the hand. #Ó≥Tº øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the tree.
|ü⁄düÔø£eTT ô|’q on the book. Ç+{Ï øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the house.
fÒãT˝Ÿ |ô q’ on the table. ≥es¡T øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the tower.
{°.M. ô|’q on the T.V. >√&É øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the wall.
e<ä› at ÁøÏ+<ä under
s¡$ e<ä› at Ravi. #Ó≥Tº øÁ +Ï <ä under the tree.
dæìe÷ {≤ø°dt e<ä› at the cinema talkies. Ç+{Ï øÁ +Ï <ä under the house.
d”‘· e<ä› at Seeta. {°.M. ÁøÏ+<ä under the T.V.
{°.M. e<ä› at the T.V. u…+∫ øÁ +Ï <ä under the bench.
ãkÕº+&ÉT e<ä› at the Bus-stand. |ü⁄düÔø£eTT ÁøÏ+<ä under the book.
‘√ with jÓTTø£ÿ
h of
e÷ Hêqï ‘√ with my father.
g li s
s¡$ jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£îe÷s¡T&ÉT son of Ravi.
#Ó*‘¢ √
|ô qTï‘√
with sister.
with the pen. E n dü]‘· jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£L‘·Ts¡T
ÁoqT jÓTTø£ÿ ø±s¡T
daughter of saritha.
car of Seenu.
&ÉãT“‘√
|ùÁ eT‘√ e n
with money (cash).
k 2 3 9
{°#·s¡T jÓTTø£ÿ ô|qTï
sêE jÓTTø£ÿ Ç\T¢
Pen of the teacher.
#˚‘· S o
with love.
p ˝À|ü0*4øÏ9
by
5 into
house of Raju.
s¡$ #˚‘· m u
by Ravi. Ç+{Ï9˝À|ü*øÏ
3 into the house.
d”‘· #˚‘·
Ra : 9
by Seeta.
l
ôVA≥˝Ÿ ˝À|ü*øÏ
s¡÷eTT ˝À|ü* øÏ
into the hotel.
ô|qT #˚‘·
{°#s· T¡ #˚‘·
dü]‘· #˚‘·
l
by the pen.
Ce q~ ˝À|ü*øÏ
by the teacher.
u≤$ ˝À|ü*øÏ
into the room.
into the river.
into the well.
by Saritha.
ø=s¡≈£î for yÓqø£ behind
&ÉãT“ ø=s¡≈£î for money. •e Ç+{Ï yÓqø£ behind Shiva’s house.
Ç+^¢wt ø=s¡≈£î for English. s¡$ yÓqø£ behind Ravi.
neTà ø=s¡≈£î for mother. ^‘· yÓqø£ behind Geeta.
n+<ä] ø=s¡≈£î for all. u≤$ yÓqø£ behind the well.
dü+‘√wü+ ø√s¡≈î£ for happiness. Ç+{Ï yÓqø£ behind the house.
qT+&ç from eTT+<äs¡ infront of
dæìe÷ qT+&ç from the movie. e÷ Ç+{Ï eTT+<äs¡ infront of our house.
e÷¬sÿ≥Tº qT+&ç from the market. s¡$ eTT+<äs¡ infront of Ravi.
ã&ç qT+&ç from the school. \‘· eTT+<äs¡ infront of Latha.
ny˚T]ø± qT+&ç from America. \*‘· Ç+{Ï eTT+<äTs¡ infront of lalitha’s house.
Ä|ò”düT qT+&ç from the office. e÷ ã&ç eTT+<äs¡ infront of our school.
≈£î ( øÏ ) to eT<Ûä´˝À between
dæìe÷≈£î to the movie. s¡$ øÏ oqTøÏ eT<Ûä´˝À between Ravi and Seenu.
Ç+{ÏøÏ to the house. ^‘·øÏ \*‘·øÏ eT<Ûä´˝À between Geeta and Laitha.
u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T≈£î to Bangalore. ø=+&ÉøÏ q~øÏ eT<Û´ä ˝À between the hill and the river.
düs¡ÿdüTøÏ to the circus. ãT≈£îÿøÏ ô|qTïøÏ eT<Ûä´˝À between the book and the pen.
¬s’˝Ò«ùdºwüHéøÏ to the Railway station. fÒãT˝Ÿ øÏ {°.M.øÏ eT<Ûä´˝À between the table and the T.V.

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ì\Te⁄>± ( düø£ÿ>± ) along
á s√&ÉT¶≈£î ì\Te⁄>±... along this road...
á s√&ÉT |ü≥Tºø=ì düø£ÿ>± yÓfi¯fl+&ç go along this road...
H˚HÓ˝≤ yÓ[‘˚ n˝≤π> ..... s¡+&ç Come along with me..
n+<äT˝À ( yê]˝À ) among <ä>∑Zs¡ near
yê]˝À among them. Ç+{Ï <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near the house.
|ü⁄düÔø±\˝À¢ among the books. Vô A≥˝Ÿ <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near the hotel.

V”≤s√\˝À¢ among the heros. dü÷ÿ\T <ä>∑Zs¡ near tahe school.
bÕeTT\˝À¢ among the snakes. ¬s’˝Ò«ùdºwüqT <ä>∑Zs¡ near the Railway station.
dæìe÷\˝À¢ among the movies. u…+>∑fiS¯ s¡T <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near Bangalore.
<ë«sê through <ä÷s¡eTT far
øÏ{Ïø° <ë«sê through the window. <ä÷s¡eTT far
n<ä›+ <ë«sê through the mirror. Ç+{Ï qT+&ç <ä÷s¡eTT far from the house.
dæìe÷\ <ë«sê through the movies. {≤ø°dt qT+&ç <ä÷s¡eTT far from the talkies.
e÷ ˝ÒïVæ≤‘·T&ç <ë«sê the my friend. #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡eTT very far.
Vô ≤’ <äsêu≤<äT <ë«sê through Hyderabad. #ê˝≤ #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡eTT very very far.
m<äTs¡T>± opposite ‘·sê«‘· after
sêE Ç+{Ï m<äTs¡T>± opposite to Raju’s house.
i s
s¡$ ‘·sê«‘· h
after
lafter Ravi.
oqT≈£î m<äTs¡T>∑
^‘· m<äTs¡T>∑
opposite sto Seenu.
opposite to Geeta. n g
oqT ‘·sê«‘· Seenu.
E after9 Ravi’s house.
dü÷ÿ\T ‘·sê«‘·
after the school.
Vü‰dæŒ≥˝Ÿ m<äTs¡T>±
dæìe÷ {≤ø°dt m<äTs¡T>±
opposite to the hospital.
k e n
opposite the cinema talkies.
s¡$ Ç+{Ï ‘·sê«‘·
2 3
yÓ’C≤>¥ ‘·sê«‘·
after Vizag.
n&É¶+>± across po eTT+<ä 9
T 5
s√&ÉT¶≈£î n&É¶+>± u
across the S
road.
9
2 s√E\ 0 4 before
eTT+<äT before 2 days.
q~øÏ n&É¶+>±
Á_&ç®øÏ n&É¶+>± R a m
across the river.
: 93
sêE
yêfi¯ fl
ø£+fÒ eTT+<äT before Raju.
≈£ î eTT+<äT
πs˝Ò«π>≥TøÏ n&É¶+>±
across the
e l
bridge.
l dü ÷ ÿ\T≈£
across the railway gate. î eTT+<ä T
before them.
before the school.
Hê≈£î n&É¶+>± C
across me. s¡ $ Ç+{Ï ø Ï eTT+<ä T before Ravi’s house.
My Dear Students
ô|’q MTs¡T #·÷dæq |ü<ë\T #ê˝≤ eTTKýÓTÆq$
yê{Ïì ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚ ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ]esY‡ |ü<ä›‹˝À H˚ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*
eT<Ûä´ eT<Ûä´˝À The nH˚ |ü<ä+ø=ìï dü+<Ûäsê“¤\˝À edü÷Ô ñ+≥T+~ ... ø=ìï dü+<Ûäsê“¤\˝À sê<äT....
<ëìì Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT |ü{Ïº+#·Tø√e<ä›+&ç ... H√{ÏøÏ eùdÔ #Ó|üŒ+&ç ... ˝Òø£b˛‘˚ e<äT›...
Articles... >∑T]+∫ H˚sT¡ Ãø√H˚≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT <ëì >∑T]+∫ |üP]Ô>± ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+ ... Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT <ëì >∑T]+∫ f…H¸Ó Hé e<äT›

------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
ny˚T]ø± qT+&ç from America. bÕs¡Tÿ˝À in the park.
dæìe÷˝À in cinema. dæìe÷ ø=s¡≈£î for the movie.
s¡$ jÓTTø£ÿ ‘·eTTà&ÉT brother of Ravi. n+<ä]˝À among all.
|ü+&ÉT>∑ ø=s¡≈£î for the festival. u§+u≤sTTøÏ to Bombay.
sêeTT&ç #˚‘· by Rama. {°#·s¡T ø=s¡≈£î for the teacher.
u≤$ ˝À|ü*øÏ into the well. sêsTT‘√ with stone.
H√{Ï ˝À|ü*øÏ into the mouth. {°.M. ˝À|ü*øÏ into the T.V.
dü÷ÿ\T˝À ¬s’˝Ò«ùdºwüqT e<ä› at the Railway - Station.
in the school.
dü]‘· e<ä› at Saritha. ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT˝À in Hyderabad.
e÷ ‘ê‘·j·T´≈£î to our grand-pa. >∑T&çøÏ to the temple.
dæ>∑πs{Ÿ ô|’q on the cigarette. Ç+{Ï ÁøÏ+~øÏ down the house.
Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ç ø=s¡≈£î for my friend. ˙{Ï ô|’q on the water.
&Üø£ºs¡T ø=s¡≈£î for the doctor. s√&ÉT¶ ô|’q on the road.
yÓ+&ç‘√ with the silver. ø£+|üP´≥sY ô|’q on the computer.
dü÷s¡T´&ç‘√ with the Sun. #·<äTe⁄ ø=s¡≈£î for the studies.
|üeHé #˚‘· by Pavan. uÛÑ÷$T ø=s¡≈£î for the Earth.
˝…’ÁãØ qT+&ç from the library. ˙‘√ with you.
u≤‘Y s¡÷eTT≈£î to the bathroom. #Ó≥Tº ÁøÏ+~øÏ down the tree.
ãfi≤fl]øÏ to Bellary. s¡÷eTT˝À in the room.
≥es¡T ô|’øÏ oqT jÓTTø£ÿ #Ó˝…¢\T sister of Seenu.
≈£îØÃ ô|’q
up the tower.
on the chair.
li sh #Ó*¢‘√ with sister.
Á|ü»\ ø=s¡≈£î
q~ ˝À|ü*øÏ ng
for the people.
E
Ä|ò”düT qT+&ç
|òæÁãe] ˝À
from the office.
in February.
ùdºwüHé qT+&ç
dæìe÷≈£î
into the river.
k en 2 3
from the station. 9 dæìe÷ qT+&ç
{°.M. ˝À
form the cinema.
in the T.V.
‘·\ô|’q
S o
p 049
on the head.
5
to the cinema. ˙fi¯fl ø=s¡≈£î
d”.&û. ø=s¡≈£î
for water.
for C.D.
‘·\T|ü⁄ ô|’q
‹+&ç ø=s¡≈£î mu 39
on the door. yê&ç‘√ with him.
Ra ll : 9
for food. |ü⁄* #˚‘· by the tiger.
n&É$øÏ to the forest.
düeTTÁ<äeTT ÁøÏ+~øÏ >∑T&ç qT+&ç from the temple.
q~ ÁøÏ+<ä
n&É$ qT+&ç CeDown the sea.
under the river.
from the forest.
~∏j˚T≥sY ô|’q
s¡$ jÓTTø£ÿ ô|qTï
ã+>±s¡+‘√
on the theatre.
pen of Ravi.
with Gold.
dæìe÷≈£î
{°.M.˝À to the movie. ô|qTï #˚‘· by the pen.
|ü⁄düÔø£+ ø=s¡≈£î in the T.V. #Ó≥Tº <ä>∑Zs¡ near the tree.
uÛÑ÷$T ô|’q for the book. Äø±X¯+ qT+&ç from the sky.
Ç+{ÏøÏ on the Earth. ÄÁ|òæø± qT+&ç from Africa.
Hê jÓTTø£ÿ Ç\T¢ to the house. q~ ô|’q on the river.
øÏs√dæHé ÄsTT˝Ÿ house of me. nqïj·T´‘√ with brother.
ø=s¡≈£î for kerosene oil. ∫s¡T‘·‘√ with the leopard.
e÷ Hêqï‘√ with my father. u≤$ ˝À|ü*øÏ into the well.
˙fi¯fl‘√ with water. H√{Ï‘√ with the mouth.
düTì‘· #˚‘· by Sunitha. ˝≤j·Ts¡T ø=s¡≈£î for the lawyer.
ÇHé‡{Ï≥÷´{Ÿ qT+&ç from the Institute. #Óø£ÿ‘√ with wood.
>√&É ÁøÏ+<ä under the wall. j·T+Á‘·eTT #˚‘· by the machine.
ã&ç˝À in the school. Ç+{Ï ˝À|ü*øÏ into the house.
_*¶+>¥ ô|’q on the building. >=&ÉT>∑T ÁøÏ+<ä under an umbrella.
>∑÷{Ï˝À in the shelf. bı\eTT qT+&ç from the field.
dü÷ÿ\T ø=s¡≈£î for the school. |ü⁄düÔø£eTT ô|’q on the book.
ô|qTï ø=s¡≈£î for the pen. dü÷s¡T´&ç ø=s¡≈£î for the Sun.
s¡$ #˚‘· by Ravi.
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ãkÕº+&ÉT qT+&ç e+≥ s¡÷eTT˝À in the kitchen room.
from the bus-stand.
Vô ≤’ <äsêu≤<äT≈£î to Hyderabad. #˚‹˝À in the hand.
@Á|˝æ Ÿ ˝À in April. ø£es¡T |ô q’ on the cover.
˙ jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£î≥T+ã+ Family of You. ø£+|üP´≥sY |ô q’ on the computer.
bÕ≥ ø=s¡≈î£ for a song. Ä|òd” sü T¡ e<ä› at the officer.
|ü⁄*‘√ with the tiger. bÕs¡Tÿ e<ä› at the park.
Ç+{ÏøÏ to the house. ø£fifl¯ ‘√ with the eyes.
H√{Ï‘√
dü÷s¡T´&ç |ô q’ on the Sun. with the mouth.

ÄyÓT ø=s¡≈î£ for her. ÇqTeTT ‘√ with iron.
bÕ\ ø=s¡≈î£ for milk. bÕ¢døºæ ˘ ‘√ with plastic.
bÕ\‘√ with milk. Ç+^¢wt ø=s¡≈î£ for English.
&Üø£sº T¡ #˚‘· by the doctor. n+<ä] ø=s¡≈î£ for all.
˙ #˚‘· by you. e÷¬sÿ≥Tº qT+&ç from the market.
dü÷ÿ\T qT+&ç from the school. ÇHé‡{Ï≥÷´{Ÿ qT+&ç from the institute.
düsÿ¡ düTøÏ to the circus. düsÿ¡ düTøÏ to the circus.
Ç+{Ï |ô ø’ Ï up the house. Ç+{ÏøÏ to the house.
|ü⁄düøÔ e£ TT˝À in the book. ø=+&É |ô ø’ Ï up the hill.
n+<ä] ø=s¡≈î£ for all. >√&É |ô ø’ Ï up the wall.
yÓT<ä&TÉ ˝À|ü*øÏ into the brain. ì#ÓqÃ øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the ladder.
‘·\T|ü⁄ øÁ +Ï ~øÏ
Ç+{Ï qT+&ç
>√&É øÁ +Ï ~øÏ
from the house.
down the wall.
li s h
|ü&eÉ øÁ +Ï <ä
down the door.
under the boat.
‘·\T|ü⁄ øÁ +Ï <ä
y˚T&É |ô q’
under the door.
on the top of the house.Eng ø±fi¯fl øÁ +Ï <ä
s¡$ jÓTTø£ÿ uÛ≤s¡´
under the legs.
wife of Ravi.
q~ øÁ +Ï ~øÏ down the river.
en
k 952 3 9
øÏsD¡ Y jÓTTø£ÿ düeTdü´
ø£+|üP´≥sY ˝À|ü*øÏ
problem of Kiran.
in the river. po
düeTTÁ<eä TT øÁ +Ï <ä under the sea. into the computer.
dô ˝Ÿ bò˛Hé ˝À|ü*øÏ
q~˝À
e÷ Hêqï jÓTTø£ÿ Ä|òd” Tü office of myS
u father.
9 04 >∑T&ç |Á øü ÿ£ q
beside the temple.
into the cell phone.
n‘·&ç ø=s¡≈î£
Hêqï ‘√
for m
a
Rwith
him.
my father.: 9 3 ãdüT‡ |Á øü ÿ£ q
beside the bus.
Hê yÓqø£
behind me.
Vô A≥˝Ÿ ˝À|ü*øÏ
dü÷ÿ\T <ä>sZ∑ ¡ e l l
into the hotel.
NearC the school.
e÷ Ç+{Ï yÓqø£
behind our house.
#·]Ã eTT+<äs¡ in front of the church.
≥÷´wüHé qT+&ç from the tuition. ø=˝≤sTT eTT+<äs¡
in front of the tap.
}] qT+&ç from the village. #·+<Á TäÛ &çøÏ dü÷s¡T´&çøÏ eT<Û´ä ˝À betweentheMoonandtheSun.
Ä|òd” Tü øÏ to the office. ãdüT‡≈£î ˝≤]øÏ eT<Û´ä ˝À between the bus and the lorry.
Vô ≤’ <äsêu≤<äTøÏ to Hyderabad. á s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ ì\Te⁄>± along this road.
#·+<Á Tä &ç |ô ø’ Ï up on the Moon. á |ü⁄düøÔ ±\˝À¢ among these books.
u≤´>∑T øÁ +Ï <ä under the bag. V”≤s√\˝À¢ among the heroes.
u…+∫ øÁ +Ï <ä under the bench. øÏ{øÏ ° <Ûë«sê through the window.
e÷ Ç+{Ï |Á øü ÿ£ q beside our house. b˛©düT\ <Ûë«sê through the police.
fÒãT˝Ÿ |ô q’ on the table. dæìe÷ Vü‰\T m<äTs¡T>± opposite to the cinema hall.
Hê eTT+<äs¡ in front of me. ^‘· Ç+{Ï m<äTs¡T>± opposite to Geeta’s house.
e÷ Ç+{Ï eTT+<äs¡ in front of our house. s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ n&É+¶ >± across the road.
s¡$ Ç+{ÏøÏ m<äTs¡T>∑ opposite to Ravi’s house. >π ≥T≈£î n&É+¶ >± across the gate.
s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ n&É+¶ >± across the road. u…+>∑fiS¯ s¡T <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near Bangalore.
düeTTÁ<eä TT ˝À|ü*øÏ into the sea. Vô ≤’ y˚ ≈£î <ä>sZ∑ ¡ near the Highway.
s¬ ˝’ «Ò dù wº qü T |Á øü ÿ£ q beside the railway station. #ê˝≤ <äTs¡eTT very far.
q~øÏ n&É+¶ >± across the river. Çø£ÿ&ç qT+&ç <ä÷s¡eTT far from here.
ãkÕº+&ÉT eTT+<äs¡ infront of the bus-stand. Ç+‘·≈î£ eTT+<äT before.
s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ |Á øü ÿ£ q beside the road. ˙ ø£+fÒ eTT+<äT before you.
ÄdüT|ü‹Á øÏ eTT+<äT before the hospital. |ü~ s√E\ ‘êsê«‘· after 10 days.

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Prepositions
( $uÛÑøÏÔ ` Á|ü‘·´j·TeTT\T )
The Preposition is a word placed

before a noun or a pronoun showing the relation
between the two persons or the things...
Pre = eTT+<äT Preposition nq>± .... Ç<ä›s¡T e´≈£îÔ\≈£î , edüTÔe⁄\≈£î ,

Position nq>± e´≈£îÔ\≈£î edüTÔe⁄\≈£î , edüTÔe⁄\≈£î e´≈£îÔ\≈£î ˇø£ dü+ã+<Ûëìï
kÕúqeTT #·÷|æ+#˚ ... |ü<äeTT nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ
i s h
l&Ü >∑Ts¡TÔô|≥Tºø√e#·TÃ
E n
Preposition nq>± ...Relation dü+ã+<ÛäeTT nì g
≈£L
k en 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
3 - Kinds m u of Prepositions
39
Ra ll : 9
Ce eTTK´+>± 3 s¡ø±\T ñHêïsTT ...
$uÛÑøÏÔ ` Á|ü‘·´j·TeTT\T
Prepositions are of 3 Kinds :
1. Simple Prepositions .
( dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
2. Compound Prepositions .
(ø±+bÂ+&é ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
3. Phrasal Prepositions .
( Áù|ò»˝Ÿ ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
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1. Simple Prepositions
( dæ+|ü⁄˝Ÿ ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
ÇHé in ˝À ( ˝À|ü\ )
ÄHé on ô|’q ( MT<ä )
n{Ÿ at e<ä›
nbÕHé upon ô|’ìøÏ
ÇHé≥T into ˝À|ü*øÏ
u…’ by #˚‘·
$‘Y with ‘√
|òsü Y for ø=s¡≈£î
Á|üyéT from qT+&ç
dæHé‡ since qT+&ç
≥T to ≈£î ( øÏ )
n|t up ô|’øÏ ish
&ÍHé down g
ÁønÏ+~øÏ l
n+&ÉsY under
n EÁøÏ+<ä
9
Ä|òt of
oke jÓ
5T 2
Tø£ ÿ 3
Ä...|òt
{Ï˝Ÿ u
off
Sp 9049es¡≈£î øÏ
till
˝À|ü *
a m
R2. Compound 9 3
: - Prepositions
e ll
(Cø±+bÂ+&é ` Á|æb˛õwüHé‡ )
$‘YÇHé within ˝Àù|
n+&ÉsY under ÁøÏ+<ä
_˝À below ÁøÏ+<ä
muÖ Above ô|’q
zesY over m≈£îÿe>±
nuÖ{Ÿ about >∑T]+∫
n˝≤+>¥ along ì\Te⁄>± ( düø£ÿ>± )
ne÷+>¥ among n+<äT˝À ( yê]˝À )
_bò˛sY before eTT+<äT ( ÁøÏ‘·eTT )
_ôV’≤+&é behind yÓqTø£
_{°«Hé between eT<Ûä´˝À
_ôd’&é beside Á|üø£ÿq
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2. Phrasal - Prepositions .
nø±]¶+>¥ ≥T According to <ëìøÏ nqT>∑TD+>±

nÁ^_¢ ≥T agreebly to n+^ø£è‹‘√
n˝≤+>¥ $‘Y along with <ëì‘√ bÕ≥T
ny˚ Á|òüyéT away from <ä÷s¡eTT>±h

g l is
n
because of n EÄ ø±s¡DeTT>±
_ø±CŸ Ä|òt
ke 2 3 9
S o
p 049 5
u the sake3of9 n+<äTø=s¡ø¬ ’
|òüsY <ä ùdø˘ Ä|òt amfor
R l : 9
Ce l
ÇHéôdº&é Ä|òt instead of <ëìøÏ ã<äT\T>±
ÇHé|ô d¢ Ät |òt in place of Ä kÕúqeTT˝À
ÇHé πødt Ä|òt in case of ˇø£ y˚fi¯
ÇHé Á|òü+{Ÿ Ä|òt infront of eTT+<äT uÛ≤>∑eTT>∑
u…’ y˚ Ä|òt by way of Ä e÷s¡ZeTTq

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Prepositions which indicates the place ... düú˝≤ìï dü÷∫+#˚ |ü<ë\T
in - on - at
in on at
˝À|ü* düú\eTT ô|’q ( ñ|ü] ) düú\eTT e<ä› ` <ä>∑Zs¡ düú\eTT

in the hotel on the table at the theatre

in our school on the tree at our school.
in my pocket on the bus at the bus stand
in India on the elephant at the door
in our class room on the wall at the college
in the first bench on the pen at the Railway-station
in my book on our house at the zoo
1. We are in the hotel.
li sh 1. y˚TeTT ¨≥˝Ÿ˝À ñHêïeTT.
2. My bag is in our school.
Eng 2. Hê u≤´>∑T e÷ dü÷ÿ˝À¢ ñ+~.
3. The mobile is in my pocket.
k en 2 3 9 3.yÓTTu…’˝Ÿ Hê bÕ¬ø{Ÿ ˝À ñ+~.
4. We live in India.
S o
p 049 5 4. y˚TeTT Ç+&çj·÷˝À ìedækÕÔeTT.
u 9
5. Raju sir is in our class room.
m 3
5. sêE kÕsY >±s¡T e÷ ø±¢düTs¡÷eTT˝À ñHêïs¡T.
Ra ll : 9
6. I sit in the first bench. 6. H˚qT yÓTT<ä{Ï u…+N˝À ≈£Ls=Ã+{≤qT.
Ce
7. I put the 100 Rs note in the book. 7. H˚qT 100 s¡÷!\ H√≥TqT |ü⁄düeÔ TT˝À ô |{≤ºqT.
8. He sat on the table. 8. n‘·&ÉT fÒãT˝Ÿ ô|’q ≈£Ls=ÃHêï&ÉT.
9. The monkey is on the tree. 9. ø√‹ #Ó≥Tº ô|’q ñ+~.
10. Some people are standing on the bus. 10. H˚qT p˝À @qT>∑T ô|’q ≈£Ls=ÃHêïqT.
11. I sat on the elephant in the zoo. 11. ø=+‘· eT+~ ãdüT‡ ô|’q ì\ã&Ü¶s¡T.
12. The cat is on the wall. 12. |æ*¢ >√&É ô|’q ñ+~.
13. It is dirty on the pen. 13. ô|qTï ô|’q >∑©E>± ñ+~.
14. The monkeys are playing on our house. 14. ø√‘·T\T e÷ Ç+{Ï ô|’q Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïsTT.
15. We are waiting at the theatre. 15. y˚TeTT ~∏j˚T≥sY e<ä› m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïeTT.
16. I saw him at our school. 16. H˚qT n‘·&çì e÷ ã&ç e<ä› #·÷XÊqT.
17. The bus is ready at the bus stand. 17. ãdüT‡ ãkÕº+&ÉT e<ä› ¬s&û>± ñ+~.
18. I saw the snake at the door. 18. H˚qT yêøÏ* e<ä› ˇø£ bÕeTTqT #·÷XÊqT.
19. An accident occured at our college. 19. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ e<ä› ˇø£ j·÷øÏ‡&Ó+{Ÿ »]–+~.
20. They are at the railway station. 20. yês¡T ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT e<ä› ñHêïs¡T.
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Prepositions which indicates the Time ... düeTj·÷ìï dü÷∫+#˚ |ü<ë\T
in - on - at
in on at
HÓ\\T ` dü+e‘·‡sê\T ` X¯‘êuÛ≤›\T s√E\≈£î ` ‘˚B\≈£î dü+øÏå|üÔ ` düeTj·T+
in August on Sunday at 6 P.M.

in December on monday at 8 A.M.
in January on 6th at 4 o’clock
in 2013 on 7th at 6 o’clock
in 2020 on holidays at night
in the last century on republicday at the lunch time
in the next century on the festival at 7 evening.
s h
ø=ìï düeTj·÷\˝À in - on ˇπø $<Ûä+>± ñ|üjÓ÷–düTÔ+{≤eTT ... n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT C≤Á>∑‘·Ô
l i
in E n
on g
k e n 2 3 9
in the morning
S o on sunday5morning
p on 0friday 4 9evening
in the evening
in the night am
u 3 9
R l : 9 on thursday night
Cel 1. Hê |ü⁄{Ïºq s√E pHé HÓ\˝À 3 e ‘˚Bq ñ+~.

1. My birthday is on 3rd in the month of june.
2. H˚qT X¯óÁø£yês¡eTT 6 >∑+!\≈£î n‘·&çì ø£\yê*.
2. I shall meet him on friday at 6 P.M.
3. I will come to your house on Sunday. 3. H˚qT MT Ç+{ÏøÏ Ä~yês¡eTT s√Eq ekÕÔqT.
4. Pongal comes on 14 th january every year. 4. dü+Áø±+‹ Á|ür dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT »ìe] 14 q edüTÔ+~.
5. We celebrate the independance on 15th August. 5. y˚TeTT kÕ«‘·+Á‘· ~H√‘·‡eeTTqT Ä>∑düTº 15 q »s¡T|ü⁄≈£î+{≤eTT.
6. My marriage is in this month on 26th . 6. Hê ô|[fl á HÓ\˝À 26 e ‘˚Bq ñ+~.
7. I met him today at 4.30. 7. H˚qT n‘·&çì Hê\T>∑Tqïs¡ >∑+≥\≈£î ø£*XÊqT.
8. He came today at 5 P.M. 8. n‘·&ÉT ás√E 5 >∑+!\≈£î e#êÃ&ÉT.
9. We reached there at 6 o’clock. 9. y˚TeTT nø£ÿ&É 6 >∑+!\≈£î #˚sêeTT.
10. I saw an accident early in the morning. 10. H˚qT ‘Ó\¢yês¡TC≤eTTq ˇø£ j·÷øÏ‡&Ó+{ŸqT #·÷XÊqT.
11. I have my lunch at 2 P.M. 11. H˚qT eT<Ûë´Vü≤ïeTT 2 >∑+!\≈£î uÛÀ»q+ #˚XÊqT.
12. Our school starts at 10 o’clock in the morning. 12. e÷ ã&ç ñ<äj·T+ 10 >∑+!\≈£î ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑeTe⁄‘·T+~.
13. He gave me the amount yesterday night at 10. 13. n‘·&ÉT Hê≈£î ìqï sêÁ‹ 10 >∑+!\≈£î &ÉãT“qT Ç#êÃ&ÉT.
14. She woke up at midnight ( night at 12 o’clock) 14. ÄyÓT ns¡∆ sêÁ‹ ìÁ<ä˝Ò∫+~.
15. I have to attend the meeting at 10 A.M. 15. H˚qT 10 >∑+!\≈£î MT{Ï+>∑T≈£î Vü‰»s¡Tø±yê* .
16. He came to the house at dinner time. 16. n‘·&ÉT uÛÀ»q düeTj·÷ìøÏ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#êÃ&ÉT.
17. I get up at 6 everyday. 17. H˚qT Á|ürs√E 6 >∑+!\≈£î ìÁ<ä˝ÒkÕÔqT.
18. The train arrives at exactly 4 o’clock. 18. ¬s’\T K∫Ã‘·+>± 4 >∑+!\≈£î e⁄düTÔ+~.
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Á>±e÷\T , |ü≥Dº ≤\T , ∫qï |Á <ü X˚ Ê\T e+{Ï yê{Ï eTT+<äT dü÷∫+#˚ |ü<ë\T>± ñ|üj÷Ó –+#·Tq|ü⁄Œ&TÉ
in ô|<ä› kÕúHêìøÏ & at ∫qï kÕúHêìøÏ
1. He lives in Hyderabad at Ameerpet. 1. n‘·&TÉ ôV≤<äsêu≤<äT˝À nMTsYù|{Ÿ e<ä› ìedækÕÔ&TÉ .
2. She is in Bangalore at magistrate. 2. ÄyÓT u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T˝À yÓTõÁùdº{Ÿ e<ä› ñ+~.
3. Ravi works in Delhi at P.N. Road. 3. s¡$ &ç©¢˝À |æ.j·THé . s√&é e<ä› |üì#˚kÕÔ&ÉT.
4. The accident occured in Nadyal at Gowripet. 4. j·÷øÏ‡&Ó+{Ÿ q+<Ûë´\˝À >öØù|{Ÿ e<ä› »]–+~.
5. My marriage is in Kurnool at Gandhi nagar. 5. Hê ô|[fl ø£s¡÷ï\T >±+BÛ q>∑sY˝À »s¡T>∑T‘·Tqï~ .
˝À|ü\ ø£<ä\ø£ ñ+&ÉT .... ˝À|ü*øÏ....Á|üy˚•+#·T q|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ( ø£<äT\T‘·÷ ) m˝≤ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*

in ˝À|ü\ ø£<ä\ø£ ñ+&ÉT & into ˝À|ü*øÏ Á|üy˚•+#·T
1. He is in the class. 6. He is going into the class.
n‘·&ÉT ø±¢düT˝À ñHêï&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT ø±¢düT ˝À |ü*øÏ yÓfi¯óÔHêï&ÉT.
2. Raju is in the house. 7. Raju is going into the house.
sêE Ç+{À¢ ñHêï&ÉT. sêE Ç+{Ï ˝À|ü*løÏiyÓsfih¯óÔHêï&ÉT.
3. Shiva is in the temple. n g
•ee>∑nT&ç˝E
8. Shiva is running into the temple.
•e >∑T&ç˝À ñHêï&ÉT. À|ü*øÏ |ü]3¬>9‘·TÔ‘·THêï&ÉT.
o k 5 2
Hê ô|qTï CÀ_˝À ñ+~. u Sp H˚qT ô|qTïqT 9
4. My pen is in the pocket. 9. I am putting my pencil into the pocket.
9 0 4 CÀ_˝À|ü \øÏ ô|≥Tºø=+≥THêïqT.

5. The Lion is in the a m
cave.
: 9 3
10. The Lion is going into the den .
dæ+Vü≤eTT >∑TVü≤˝ÀRñ+~. ll dæ+Vü≤eTT >∑TVü≤˝À|ü*øÏ yÓfi¯óÔqï~.
C e
in ...........( ˝À ) ø=+‘· düeTj·÷ìï |üP]Ô>± $ìjÓ÷–+#·Tø=ì... ÄdüeTj·T+˝ÀH˚ |üìì #˚ùdÔ .....
within .....( ˝Àù| ) πø{≤sTT+#·T≈£îqï düeTj·T+ ˝Àù| ... ˇø£ |üìì ‘=+<äs¡>± #˚dæq≥¢sTT‘˚ ....
in & within
1. I completed my notes in 1 hour. 1. I completed my notes within 1 hour.
H˚qT H√≥T‡qT ˇø£ >∑+≥˝À |üP]Ô#˚XÊqT. H˚qT H√≥T‡qT ˇø£ >∑+≥˝Àù| |üP]Ô#˚XÊqT.
2. I wrote this song in 2 days. 2. I wrote this song within 2 days.
H˚qT á bÕ≥qT ¬s+&ÉT s√E˝À¢ sêXÊqT. H˚qT á bÕ≥qT ¬s+&ÉT s√E˝À¢ù| sêXÊqT.
3. We ate them in 2 hours. 3. We ate them within 2 hours.
y˚TeTT yê{Ïì 3 >∑+≥˝À¢ ‹HêïeTT. y˚TeTT yê{Ïì 3 >∑+≥˝À¢ù| ‹HêïeTT.
4. Mummy prepared it in 3 hours. 4. Mummy prepared it within 3 hours.
neTà <ëìì 3 >∑+!˝À¢ ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚dæ+~. neTà <ëìì 3 >∑+!˝À¢ù| ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚dæ+~.
5. He repaired it in 5 days. 5. He repaired it within 5 days.
n‘·&ÉT <ëìì 5 s√E˝À¢ ]ù|Ø #˚X¯&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT <ëìì 5 s√E˝À¢ù| ]ù|Ø #˚X¯&ÉT.
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by ..........( #˚‘· ) e´≈£îÔ\ $wüj·T+˝À m≈£îÿe>± ‘Ó*j·TCÒkÕÔeTT ....
with ....( ‘√· ) edüTÔe⁄\ $wüj·T+˝À m≈£îÿe>± ‘Ó*j·TCÒkÕÔeTT .... e´≈£îÔ\‘√ ( n|ü⁄Œ&É|ü⁄Œ&ÉT )
By & with
1. It is written by me. 1. She wrote it with a pen.
n~ Hê #˚‘· sêj·Tã&çq~. ÄyÓT ô|qTï‘√ sêdæ+~.
2. She is beaten by Raju 2. I beat it with the hammer.

ÄyÓT sêE #˚‘· ø=≥ºã&çq~. H˚qT <ëìì düT‹Ô‘√ ø={≤ºqT.
3. The boy is punished by the teacher. 3. He cut it with the knife.
|æ\¢yê&ÉT {°#·s¡T #˚‘· •øÏå+|üã&Ü¶&ÉT. ÄyÓT ø£‹Ô‘√ <ëìì ø√dæ+~.
4. This is prepared by my mother. 4. He fought with Raju.
Ç~ neTà #˚‘· ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚j·Tã&çq~. n‘·&ÉT sêE‘√ ø={≤¢&Ü&ÉT.
5. They are eaten by the children. 5. I am playing with my friends .
n$ |æ\¢\ #˚‘· ‹qã&çq$. H˚qT Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T\‘√ Ä&ÉT‘·THêïqT.
On .......... ( ô|’q ) ø£<ä\≈£î+&É ... dæús¡+>± ñ+&ÉT ... ô|’q ( MT<ä )
Upon ....( MT~øÏ , ô|’øÏ , ô|’ìøÏ ) ø£<ä*ø£ »s¡T>∑T‘·÷ ...
On & Upon l i s h
1. The pen in on the T.V. n g
E {°.M. ô|’øÏ 9$dæsêqT.
1. I threw the pen upon the T.V.
ô|qTï {°.M. ô|’q ñ+~. H˚qTn
2. e
ô|qTïqT
2. Rani is on the wall.
ok Rani jumped2
5 3
upon the wall.
3. Shiva is on the tree. u S

sêDÏ >√&É ô|’q ñ+~. p sêDÏ >√&É4ô|9
0 ’ìøÏ m–]+~.
.m
•e #Ó≥Tº ô|’q ñHêï&ÉTa 9 3 9
3. Shiva climbed upon the tree.
•e #Ó≥Tº ô|’øÏ mø±ÿ&ÉT.
4. The monkey R is on the tower. :
ø√‹ ≥es¡T ô|’q ñ+~. e ll ø√‹ ≥es¡T ô|’øÏ møÏÿ+~. 4. The monkey climbed upon the tower.
C
5. The lion is on the van. 5. The lion went upon the van.
dæ+Vü≤eTT yê´qT ô|’q ñ+~. dæ+Vü≤eTT yê´qT MT~øÏ yÓ[fl+~.
from ...........(qT+&ç ) mø£ÿ&ç qT+&ç .... nH˚ |Á Xü ï¯ ≈£î düe÷<ëqeTT....
to .....( øÏ , ≈£î ) mø£ÿ&çøÏ... nH˚ Á|üX¯ï≈£î düe÷<ëqeTT....
from & to
1. I am coming from Hyderabad. 1. I am coming to Hyderabad.
H˚qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT qT+&ç edüTÔHêïqT. H˚qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT≈£î edüTÔHêïqT.
2. I am from Vijayawada. ( Native - Place ) 2. I am going to Vijayawada.
H˚qT $»j·Tyê&É qT+&ç e∫Ãqyê&ÉqT . ( |ü⁄{Ïºq düú\eTT ) H˚qT $»j·Tyê&É≈£î yÓfi¯óÔHêïqT.
3. He is coming from the market. 3. He is going to the market.
n‘·&ÉT e÷¬sÿ≥Tº qT+&ç edüTÔHêï&ÉT. n‘·&TÉ e÷¬sÿ≥Tº ≈£î yÓfió¯ HÔ êï&ÉT.
4. I came from the office at 4 P.M. 4. I went to the office at 9 A.M.
H˚qT Ä|òd” Tü qT+&ç kÕj·T+Á‘+· 4 >∑+!\≈£î e#êÃqT. H˚qT Ä|òd” Tü øÏ ñ<äjT· + 9 >∑+!\≈£î yÓfi≤fl&TÉ .
5. He came from the abroads. 5. He went to the abroads.
n‘·&ÉT $<˚XÊ\ qT+&ç e#êÃ&ÉT. n‘·&ÉT $<˚XÊ\≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.
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up ..........( ô|’øÏ ) ô|’øÏ yÓfi‚fl $wüj·÷ìï #Óù|Œ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ....
down .... ( ÁøÏ+~øÏ sêe&ÉeTT )ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#˚Ã ≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ... ~π>≥|ü⁄Œ&ÉT
Up & down
1. The aeroplane is flying up. 1. The aeroplane is coming down .
$e÷qeTT ô|’øÏ m>∑Ts¡T‘·Tqï~. $e÷qeTT ÁøÏ+~øÏ edüTÔqï~.
2. The bird is jumping up the sky.
2. The bird is coming down from the sky.

|üøÏå Äø±X¯eTT ô|’øÏ m>∑Ts¡T‘·Tqï~. |üøÏå Äø±X¯eTT qT+&ç ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#·TÃ#·Tqï~.
3. I am flying the kite up the sky. 3. My kite came down from the high.
H˚qT >±*|òü≥eTTqT Äø±X¯+ ô|’øÏ m>∑s¡y˚düTÔHêàqT. Hê >±*|òü≥eTT m‘·TÔ qT+&ç ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#˚Ãdæq~.
4. The monkey is climbing up the tree. 4. The monkey is coming down from the tree.
ø√‹ #Ó≥Tº ô|’øÏ m≈£îÿ‘·Tqï~. ø√‹ #Ó≥Tº ô|’ qT+&ç ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#·TÃ#·Tqï~.
5. The worker is climbing up the ladder. 5. The worker came down from the ladder.
|üìyê&ÉT ì#ÓÃq ô|’øÏ m≈£îÿ‘·THêï&ÉT. |üìyê&ÉT ì#ÓÃq ô|’ qT+&ç ÁøÏ+~øÏ e#êÃ&ÉT.
Under .......... ÁøÏ+<ä ( |üP]Ô>± ÁøÏ+<ä nì #Ó|üŒe#·TÃ )
below .... ‘·≈£îÿe>± ( |üP]Ô>± ÁøÏ+<ä e÷Á‘·+ ø±<äT ) ‘·≈£îÿe n+‘˚ ...
Under & Below
l i s h
n g
50 E
1. The knife is under the pillow. 1. He got below 50 % marks.
ø£‹Ô ~+&ÉT ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+~.
k
n‘·&ÉTn
e % øÏ ‘·≈£îÿe e÷s¡
2 3 9 Tÿ\T ‘Ó#·TÃ≈£îHêï&ÉT.
2. The village is under the water.
o 2. The boy is below
ˇø£ |üfiËfl≥÷s¡T ˙{Ï ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+~. p nu≤“sTT 18 ø£9
S 4 5 18.
+fÒ ‘·≈£îÿe ej·TdüT‡ ø£\yê&ÉT .
u 3. He 0
3. The sim is under his legs.
ÁøÏ+m
ˇø£ dæeTTà n‘·&ç ø±fi¯fl a <ä ñ+~. 9 3
n‘· 9 buys below 2000 /- Rs shirt.
&ÉT 2000 s¡÷! ≈£î ‘·≈£îÿe πs≥T n+^H˚ ø=+{≤&ÉT.
R the table. :
ˇø£ |æ*¢ fÒãT‘Y ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+~. ell
4. The cat is under 4. The age limit to get the govt job is below 36.
C
5. The book is under the T.V.
>∑es¡ïyÓT+{Ÿ ñ<Û√´>±ìøÏ 36 ≈£î ‘·≈£îÿe ej·TdüT‡ ñ+&Ü* .
5. He is a below avarage student.
ˇø£ |ü⁄düÔø£eTT {°.M. ÁøÏ+<ä ñ+~. n‘·&ÉT kÕ<Ûës¡DeTT ø£+fÒ ‘·≈£îÿe kÕúsTT $<Ûë´]ú.
above ...........( MT<ä , ô|’qH˚ ‘êøÏ ñ+&É&É+... m≈£îÿe>± ø±ø£ )

over ..... (‘·>∑\ ≈£î+&Ü m≈£îÿe>± ñ+&É&É+ )
above & over
1. The lamp is above the table. 1. The bridge is built over the river.
B|üeTT fÒãT˝Ÿ MT<äH˚ ñ+~. Á_&ç® q~øÏ ô|’q m≈£îÿe m‘·TÔ˝À ì]à+#·ã&ç+~.
2. One hundred is above ninety nine. 2. He earned over his expectations.
ˇø£ e+<ä ‘=+u…’ MT<äH˚ ñ+~. n‘·&ÉT ‘·qT nqT≈£îqï<ëìø£+fÒ m≈£îÿeH˚ dü+bÕ~+#ê&ÉT.
3. The tree is 6 metres above the ground. 3. The cat jumped over the gate.
#Ó≥Tº H˚\øÏ 6 n&ÉT>∑T\ ô|’qH˚ ñ+~. |æ*¢ π>≥T ≈£î ô|’qH˚ m–]+~ .
4. The cat stood above the wall. 4. He is over aged to get marry.
|æ*¢ >√&É MT<äH˚ ñ+~. n‘·&øç Ï ô|[fl #˚dTü ø√e&Üìø£+fÒ ej·TdüT‡ m≈£îÿeH˚ ñ+~.
5. He got above 90 marks. 5. He is talking over his limits.
n‘·&TÉ 90 XÊ‘·+ ô|q’ H˚ ‘Ó#T· Ã≈î£ Hêï&ÉT. n‘·&TÉ ‘·q n<äT|ü⁄ø£+fÒ m≈£îÿeH˚ e÷{≤¢&TÉ ‘·THêï&ÉT.
------------------------------------ www.tlm4all.com ------------------------------------
for ( Duration of Time )
Since ( Point of Time )
|üì
ü bÁ Õs¡+_Û+∫q ... düeTj·÷ìï |üø±ÿ>± #Ó|Œü &ÜìøÏ |üüì ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆq eé~Û >∑T]+∫ #Ó|üŒ&É+
Since & for á ¬s+&ç+{Ïì Future - Perfect - Continuous - Tense ˝ÀH˚ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*
H˚qT 2010 qT+&ç Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚dTü HÔ êïqT. H˚qT 10 dü+!\ qT+&ç Çø£ÿ&É Ç+ø± |üì#˚düTÔHêïqT.
I have been working here since 2010. I have been working here for 10 years.
y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 9 >∑+!\ qT+&ç m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïeTT. y˚TeTT ˙ ø√dü+ 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔHêïeTT.
We have been waiting for you since 9A.M. We have been waiting for you for 3 hours.
n‘·&TÉ ñ<Û√´>∑eTTø√dü+2005qT+&ç Ç+ø± |Á j
ü T· ‹ïdü÷ñHêï&É
Ô T. n‘·&ÉT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√dü+ 9 dü+!e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç Ç+ø± Á|üj·T‹ïdü÷Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
He has been trying for a job since 2005. He has been trying for a job for 9 years.
neTà ñ<äj·T+ qT+&ç Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘·÷ ñ+~. neTà 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ Ç+ø± e+≥ e+&É‘·÷ ñ+~.
Mummy has been cooking since morning. Mummy has been cooking for 3hours.
n~ pHé HÓ\ qT+&ç |ü&çb˛‘·÷ ñ+~. n~ 6 HÓ\\ qT+&ç |ü&çb˛‘·÷ ñ+~.
It has been falling since june month. It has been falling for 6 months.
s¡$ k˛eTyês¡eTT qT+&ç #Ó|Pü Ô ñHêï&ÉT. s¡$ 3 s√E\ qT+&ç #Ó|üPÔ ñHêï&ÉT.
Ravi has been telling since Monday. Ravi has been telling for 3 days.
e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ qT+&ç $e]dü÷Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
l i s h
e÷ {°#·s¡T 4 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ $e]dü÷Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
y˚TeTT 2 >∑+!\nùdg
Our teacher has been expalining since 4P.M. Our teacher has been explaining for 4 hours.
|ü⁄ #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïeTT.
y˚TeTT eT<Ûë´Vü≤ïeTT qT+&ç #Ódt Ä&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïeTT.
n E 9
We have been playing chess since afternoon.
yês¡T <ëìì ìqï{Ï qT+&ç yÓ‘T· ≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T. kyês¡
o e T <ëìì 2 s√E\ 2
5 3
We have been playing chess for 2 hours.
qT+&ç yÓ‘·T≈£î‘·÷H˚ ñHêïs¡T.
They have been searching it since yesterday.
n‘·&ÉT 2 >∑+!\ qT+&ç ‹+≥÷u ñHêï&É
p 9
ST. n‘·9&0ÉT 24>∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄ ‹+≥÷ ñHêï&ÉT.
They have been searching it for 2 days.
a m
He has been eating since 2 o’clock.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\R
9 3 He has been eating for 2 hours.
:T. e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü⁄qT+&ç ø±˝Ÿ #˚d÷ü Ô ñHêï&ÉT.
ll
qT+&ç ø±˝Ÿ #˚dü÷Ô ñHêï&É
e
C
My brother has been calling since 3 o’clock.
MTs¡T ìqï{Ï qT+&ç #·÷dü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.
My brother has been calling for 3 hours.
MTs¡T ˇø£ yês¡eTT qT+&ç #·÷dü÷Ô ñHêïs¡T.
You have been watching it since yesterday. You have been watching it for a week.
MT Hêqï >±s¡T 2013 qT+&ç |ò”E ø£&ÉT‘·÷ ñHêïs¡T. MT Hêqï >±s¡T 3 dü+e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç |òE
” ø£&TÉ ‘·÷ ñHêïs¡T.
Your father has been paying the fees since 2013. Your father has been paying the fees for 3 years.
from....qT+&ç .... Present continuous Tense ˝À ñ|üjÓ÷–dü÷Ô

¬s+&ÉT $<Ûë\T>± ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·e#·TÃ ... ( Point of Time ) & ( Duration of Time )
1. I am working here from 2013. 5. I am working here from 2 years.
H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É 2013 qT+&ç |üì #˚düTÔHêïqT. H˚qT Çø£ÿ&É 2 dü+e‘·‡sê\ qT+&ç |üì #˚düTÔHêïqT.
2. We are waiting for you from the morning. 6. We are waiting for you from 5 hours.
y˚TeTT ñ<äj·T+ qT+&ç MT ø√dü+ m<äTs¡T #·÷düTÔHêïeTT. y˚TeTT 5 >∑+!\ ùd|ü{Ï qT+&ç MT ø√dü+ m<äTs¡T #·÷düTÔHêïeTT.
3. The children are playing from 4 o’clock. 7. The children are playing from 3 hours.
|æ\¢\T 4 >∑+!\ qT+&ç Ä&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T . |æ\¢\T 3 >∑+!\ ùd|ü{Ï qT+&ç Ä&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T .
4. The students are writing the exams from 26th. 8. The students are writing the exams from 6 days.
$<Ûë´s¡Tú\T 26 e ‘˚B qT+&ç |üØø£å\T sêdüTÔHêïs¡T. $<Ûë´s¡T\
ú T 6 s√»\ bÕ≥T qT+&ç |üØø£\
å T sêdüTHÔ êïs¡T.
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for ..........ø=s¡≈£î ( ø√düeTT )
1. We are waiting for the bus. 1. y˚TeTT ãdüT‡ ø=s¡≈£î y˚∫ ñHêïeTT.
2. He is coming here for my brother. 2. n‘·&ÉT e÷ nqïj·T´ ø√düeTT Çø£ÿ&çøÏ edüTÔHêï&ÉT.
3. She is working for money. 3. ÄyÓT &ÉãT“ ø√düeTT |üì#˚düTÔqï~.
4. I bought this table for having dinner. 4. H˚qT uÀ»qeTT #˚jT· T≥ ø=s¡≈î£ á fÒãT˝ŸqT ø=HêïqT.
5. She went to the market for the vegetables. 5. ÄyÓT ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\ ø=s¡≈£î e÷sYÿ≥Tº≈£î yÓ[fl+~.
6. He is marrying that black girl for dowry. 6. n‘·&TÉ ø£≥ïeTT ø√düeTT Ä q\¢ ne÷àsTTì ô|[fl#d˚ Tü ≈£îHêï&ÉT.
7. Ramu is learning English for his work. 7. sêeTT ‘·q |üì ø√düeTT Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃø=+≥THêï&ÉT.
8. I am waiting for the bank job. 8. H˚qT u≤´+≈£î ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√düeTT m<äTs¡T #·÷düTHÔ êïqT.
9. I asked him for the story books. 9. H˚qT ø£<∏ä\ |ü⁄düÔø±\ ø√düeTT n‘·&çì n&ç>±qT.
10. We came here for the studies. 10. y˚TeTT #·<äTe⁄ ø=s¡≈£î Çø£ÿ&çøÏ e#êÃeTT.
of ..........jÓTTø£ÿ
1. I am son of Gopal.
li sh
1. H˚qT >√bÕ˝Ÿ jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£îe÷s¡T&çì.
2. She is daughter of Sreedhar.
3. He is friend of mine. Eng 2. ÄyÓT Áo<ÛäsY jÓTTø£ÿ ≈£îe÷¬sÔ .
3. n‘·&TÉ Hê jÓTTø£ÿ ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT.
k en 2 3 9
4. This is the scooter of my cousin. 4. Ç~ e÷ ∫Hêïqï jÓTTø£ÿ dü÷ÿ≥s¡T.
o
p 049 5
5. It is the meeting of the ministers. 5. Ç~ eT+Á‘·T\ jÓTTø£ÿ düe÷y˚X¯eTT.
S
u 9
6. This is the factory of our uncle.
m 3
6. Ç~ e÷ e÷ej·T´ jÓTTø£ÿ bòÕ´ø£ºØ.
Ra ll : 9
7. This is the school of poor students. 7. Ç~ ù|<ä $<Ûë´s¡Tú\ jÓTTø£ÿ ã&ç.
8. Ramu is the writer of this book. 8. sêeTT á |ü⁄düÔø£eTT jÓTTø£ÿ s¡#·sTT‘·.
Ce
9. He is the man of quality.
10. This bench is made of wood.
9. n‘·&ÉT eT+∫ >∑TDeTTqT ø£*–q yê&ÉT.
10. Ç~ #Óø£ÿ‘√ #˚j·Tã&çq~.
off ..........‘·–Z+#·T , ‘=\–+#·T , rdæy˚j·TT

1. I want to put off the fan. 1. Hê≈£î bòÕ´qTqT Ä|æyj ˚ ÷· \ì ñ+~.
2. Please ... Put off the light. 2. <äjT· #˚dæ ... ˝…≥
’ TqT Ä]Œyj ˚ T· +&ç...
3. Please ... turn off the T.V. 3.<äjT· #˚dæ ... {°.M.ì rùdj·T+&ç.
4. He switched off the cell. 4. n‘·&TÉ ôd˝Ÿ bò˛HéqT dæ«#Y Ä|òt #˚XÊ&ÉT.
5. Raju put off his shirt . 5. sêE ‘·q n+–ì ‘=\–+#ê&ÉT.
6. They are offering 30 % off. 6. yês¡T 30% ‘·–Z+∫ Ä|òüsY Ç#êÃs¡T.
7. They turned off the program. 7. yês¡T ø±s¡´øÁ e£ ÷ìï Ä|æyX ˚ Ês¡T.
8. The power has gone off. 8. ø£¬s+≥T yÓ[flb˛sTT+~.
9. He has gone off form the party. 9. n‘·&ÉT bÕØº qT+&ç yÓ[fl b˛j·÷&ÉT.
10. Our M.D. has cut off my salary. 10. e÷ j·T+.&û. Hê J‘êìï ø£{Ÿ #˚XÊ&ÉT.
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till ( until ) ( The end point of time ) ¬s+&ÉT düe÷q nsêúìï ÇkÕÔsTT...
till ( until )..... es¡≈£î
1. We worked till / until 8 o’clock. 1. y˚TeTT 8 >∑+!\ es¡≈£î |üì#˚XÊeTT.
2. He works here till evening 6 dialy. 2. n‘·&ÉT Á|ürs√E 6 >∑+!\ es¡≈£î Çø£ÿ&É |üì#˚kÕÔ&ÉT.
3. Raju stayed with us until the last sunday. 3. sêE e÷‘√ á Ä~yês¡eTT es¡≈£î ñHêï&ÉT.
4. We were there in chennai till sunday. 4. y˚TeTT Ä~yês¡eTT es¡≈£î #ÓHÓ’ï˝À ñ+{Ï$T.
5. He slept till 9 A.M. 5. n‘·&ÉT 9 >∑+!\ es¡≈£î ìÁ<äb˛j·÷&ÉT.

6. You stay here until the rain stops. 6. MTs¡T yêq Äπ>+‘· es¡≈£î Çø£ÿ&˚ ñ+&É+&ç.
7. You stop it until I tell you. 7. ˙e⁄ H˚qT #Óù|Œ+‘· es¡≈£î <ëìì Ä|æy˚sTT.
8. I wait for you until you come. 8. H˚qT ˙e⁄ e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î y˚∫ ñ+{≤qT.
9. He scolded me until I became angry. 9. n‘·&ÉT H˚qT ø√|ü+|ü&˚+‘·es¡≈£î qqTï ‹{≤º&ÉT.
10. Please ... Wait until I come. 10. <äj·T#˚dæ ... H˚qT e#˚Ã+‘· es¡≈£î y˚∫ ñ+&É+&ç....
About ..........>∑T]+∫
1. I am thinking about my future.
li sh 1. H˚qT Hê uÛÑ$wü´‘·TÔ >∑T]+∫ Ä˝À∫düTÔHêïqT.
2. She is asking about her husband.
En
3. The police enquired about the thief.g 2. ÄyÓT ‘·q uÛÑs¡Ô >∑T]+∫ n&ÉT>∑T‘·Tqï~.
3. b˛©düT\T <=+>∑ >∑T]+∫ $#ês¡D #˚XÊs¡T.
4. I knew all about him.
k en 2 3 9 4. Hê≈£î n‘·&ç >∑T]+∫ yÓTT‘·Ô+ ‘Ó\TdüT.
S o
p 049 5
5. I am doubtful about his character. 5. Hê≈£î n‘·&ç ø±´¬sø£ºs¡T MT<ä nqTe÷q+ ñ+~.
6. He worried about his son’s studies. 6. n‘·&ÉT ‘·q ø=&ÉT≈£î jÓTTø£ÿ #·<äTe⁄ >∑T]+∫ ∫+‹+#ê&ÉT.
mu 39
7. Raju is eager to know about me. 7.sêE Hê >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê\ì ÄÁ‘·T‘·>± ñHêï&ÉT.
Ra ll : 9
8. I have a lot of interest to know about you. 8. Hê≈£î MT >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüTø√yê\ì #ê˝≤ ÄdüøÏÔ>± ñ+~.
Ce
9. I know well about her family.
10. We are very sad about this matter.
9. Hê≈£î ÄyÓT ≈£î≥T+uÛÑeTT >∑T]+∫ u≤>± ‘Ó\TdüT.
10. y˚TeTT á $wüj÷· ìï >∑T]+∫ #ê˝≤ $#ês¡øs£ +¡ >± ñHêïeTT.
Across ..........n&É¶+>±
1. He went across the road. 1. n‘·&ÉT s√&ÉT¶≈£î n&É¶+>± yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.
2. She ran away across the bridge. 2. ÄyÓT Á_&ç®øÏ n&É¶+>± |ü]¬>‹Ôq~.
3. Ravi can swim across the river. 3. s¡$ q~øÏ n&É¶+>± á<ä>∑\&ÉT.
4. The oldman is going across the road. 4.eTTdü*yê&ÉT s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ n&É+¶ >± yÓfió¯ HÔ êï&ÉT.
5. I drew a line across the page. 5. H˚qT ù|JøÏ n&É+¶ >± ˇø£ ˝…q’ TqT ^#êqT.
6. She went across the railway gate. 6. ÄyÓT ¬s’˝Ò«π>≥T≈£î n&É¶+>± yÓ[fl+~.
7. I am swimming across the canal. 7. H˚qT ø±\Te≈£î n&É+¶ >± á‘·˝≤&ÉT‘·THêïqT.
8. Gopal and I met across each other. 8. >√bÕ˝Ÿ eT]j·TT H˚qT ˇø£]ø=ø£s¡+ n&É¶+>± ø£*XÊeTT.
9. Rani came across me at the temple. 9. sêDÏ Hê≈£î >∑T&ç<ä>∑Zs¡ n&É¶+>± e∫Ã¤+~.
10. The king went across the forest . 10.sêE n&É$øÏ n&É+¶ >± yÓfi≤fl&TÉ .

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Along ...... yÓ+≥ , yÓ+≥H˚ , düø£ÿ>± , ì\Te⁄>± , nqTdü]dü÷Ô , ≈£L&Ü
...
1. She came along with her father. 1. ÄyÓT yêfi¯fl Hêqï yÓ+≥ e∫Ã+~.
2. Go along this road. 2. á s√&ÉT¶ |ü≥Tºø=ì düø£ÿ>± yÓfi¯fl+&ç.
3. I walked along this way. 3. H˚qT á s√&ÉT¶qT nqTdü]dü÷Ô q&ç#êqT.
4. The police ran along with the thief. 4. b˛©düT <=+>∑ m˝≤ yÓ[‘˚ n˝≤ yÓ+≥H˚ |ü]¬>‘êÔ&ÉT.
5. Come along with me where I go. 5. H˚HÓø£ÿ&çøÏ yÓ[‘˚ nø£ÿ&çøÏ Hê yÓ+fÒ sê ...
6. He walked slowly along this road 6. n‘·&TÉ ì<ëq+>± q&ÉT#·Tø=+≥÷ á s√&ÉT≈¶ î£ ì\Te⁄>± yÓfi≤fl&TÉ .
7. The players ran along the beach. 7. Ä≥>±fi¯ófl düeTTÁ<|äÛ ⁄ü ˇ&ÉTq¶ T nqTdü]dü÷Ô |ü]>¬ ‘êÔsT¡ .
8. sêDÏ ^‘·‘√ bÕ≥T ø±˝ÒJøÏ yÓfi¯óÔ+~.
8. Rani goes to the college along with Geeta.
9. I cook along with my mother. 9. H˚qT e÷ neTà‘√ bÕ≥T e+≥ e+&ÉT‘êqT.
10. Our cousin works along with us. 10. e÷ ‘√ bÕ≥T e÷ ∫Hêïqï ø=&ÉT≈£î ≈£L&Ü |üì#˚kÕÔ&TÉ .
between ....eT<Ûä´˝À ... ( ¬s+&ÉT edüTÔe⁄\≈£î ˝Ò<ë Ç<ä›s¡T e´≈£îÔ\≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À )

1. The fight is between Raju and Ravi.
l is h
1. ø£{≤¢≥ ñ+&˚~ sêE ≈£î s¡$øÏ eT<Ûä´˝À .
2. There is no difference between You and me . n g
2. ˙≈£î Hê≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À ô|<ä› ‘˚&Ü @MT ˝Ò<äT.
E
3. I sat between Geeta and Lalitha.
k e n 2 3 9
3. H˚qT ^‘·≈î£ \‘·≈î£ eT<Û´ä ˝À ≈£Ls=ÃHêïqT.
S o
4. Our house is between Raju’s and Shiva’s.
T<ä
5. The war is between India and Pakistan. e
›
4. e÷ Ç\T¢ sêE eT]j·TT •e Ç+&É¢ eT<Ûä´˝À.
TT ñ+&˚ ~ 5
p 6. e÷ Ç\T¢0>∑4T&ç9≈£î bÕs¡Tjÿ≈£÷·î eT<ÛeT]j·ä´˝ÀTT ñ+~.
5. j·
T Ç+&ç bÕøÏkÕÔH\ é eT<Û´ä ˝À.
m u 3 9
6. Our house is between temple and the park.
Ra : 97.oqT
7. Seenu sits between Rajesh and Rakesh. s¡CÒwt≈£î eT]j·TT sêUÒwt ≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À ≈£Ls=Ã+{≤&ÉT
l 8.9. oÁnø£<Ûåssä ¡eY ø±s¡TT ‘C’...
el
8. Sreedhar ran between car and the bus.
C
9. Letter ‘C’ is between ‘B’ and ‘D’.
T≈£î ãdüT‡≈£î eT<Û´ä ˝À |ü]>¬ ‘êÔ&TÉ .
‘B’ ≈£î ‘D’. ≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À ñ+~.
10. 3 comes between 2 and 4 . 10. 3 .... 2 ≈£î 4 ≈£î eT<Ûä´˝À edüTÔ+~.
Among ... ( n+<äT˝À , yê]˝À ) #ê˝≤ eT+~ e´≈£îÔ\˝À .... #ê˝≤ edüTÔe⁄\˝À
1. I like chiru among the heroes. 1. H˚qT V”≤s√\˝À¢ ∫s¡+J$ì Çwüº|ü&É‘êqT.
2. I like soundarya among the heroins. 2. H˚qT V”≤s√sTTq¢˝À¢ kÂ+<Ûäs¡´qT Çwüº|ü&É‘êqT.
3. I love Rani among my friends. 3. H˚qT Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T\˝À sêDÏì Áù|$TkÕÔqT.
4. Rajesh is the best among the students. 4.sêCÒwt n+<äs¡÷ $<Ûë´s¡Tú\˝À ñ‘·ÔeTT&ÉT.
5. Raju sir is the best among the teachers. 5. sêE kÕsY n+~] {°#·s¡¢˝À ñ‘·ÔeTT&ÉT.
6. Suresh is the worst among the players. 6. düTπswt n+<ä] Ä≥>±fi¯fl˝À¢ |üìøÏe÷*q yê&ÉT.
7. I like mangoes among the fruits. 7. Hê≈£î |ü+&É¢˝À¢ e÷$T&ç |ü+&É¢+fÒ Çwü˜+.
8. My father likes me among the 4 children. 8. e÷ Hêqï 4 |æ\¢\˝À¢ qH˚ï Çwüº|ü&É‘ê&ÉT.
9. We read Ramayana among the stories. 9. ø£<∏ä\˝À¢ y˚TeTT sêe÷j·TDy˚T #·<äTe⁄‘êeTT.
10. I like brahmanandam among the comedians. 10.H˚qT ø£MT&çjT· q¢˝À¢ ã
Á Vü‰àq+<ëH˚ï Çwü|º &
ü ‘
É êqT.

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through ...... <ë«sê
1. I saw the thief through the window. 1. H˚qT <=+>∑qT øÏ{ÏøÏ <ë«sê #·÷XÊqT.
2. We go Hyderabad through Kurnool. 2. y˚TeTT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT≈£î ø£s¡÷ï\T <ë«sê yÓfi≤ÔeTT.
3. Ravi saw me through the mirror. 3. s¡$ qqTï n<ä+ › <ë«sê #·÷XÊ&ÉT.
4. y˚TeTT ìC≤ìï ø£$‘· <ë«sê ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îHêïeTT.
4. We knew the truth through Kavitha.

5. I knew your address through Rakesh. 5. H˚qT sêUÒwt <ë«sê ˙ nÁ&ÉdüT‡ ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îHêïqT.
6. I lost my purse through my negligence. 6. H˚qT Hê nC≤Á>‘
∑ Ô· <ë«sê Hê |üsT¡ ‡qT b˛>=≥Tº≈î£ HêïqT.
7. He got this job through my friend. 7. n‘·&ÉT Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ç <ë«sê ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ‘Ó#·TÃ≈£îHêï&ÉT.
8. I got this news through the Newspaper. 8. H˚qT á yês¡q Ô T yêsêÔ |ü‹
Á ø£ <ë«sê ‘Ó#T· Ã≈î£ HêïqT.
9. We breathe through nose. 9. y˚TeTT eTT≈£îÿ <ë«sê XÊ«düqT |”\TkÕÔeTT.
10. The scientist is seeing through the microscope. 10. XÊÁdüÔE„&ÉT yÓTÆÁø√k˛ÿ|t <ë«sê #·÷düTÔHêï&ÉT.
Near .... <ä>∑Zs¡ , <ä>∑Zs¡>± , <ä>∑Zs¡˝À

1. Our house is near the Talkies.
li sh 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
2. Our school is near the bus-stand.
E ng 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
ken
3. The park is near the Railway-station.
2 3 9 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p ≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
4. Our college is near the zoo.
5. We are near to your house. p
S o 49 5 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{Ï <ä>∑Zs¡˝À ñHêïeTT.
m ucity. 390
6. Our village is near to the 6. e÷ }s¡T dæ{°øÏ <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
Ra ll : 9
7. Their factory is very near to the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }]øÏ <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
8. sêeTT&ÉT e÷ n+>∑&ç <ä>∑Zs¡ |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is near to C
e
8. Rama is working near by our shop.
the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&çøÏ <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
10. The temple is near to the Railway gate. 10. >∑T&ç ¬s’˝Ò« π>≥T≈£î <ä>∑Zs¡>± ñ+~.
far .... <ä÷s¡eTT , <äTs¡+>±

1. Our house is far from the Talkies. 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT qT+&ç <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
2. Our school is far from the bus-stand. 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉTqT+&ç <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
3. The park is far from the Railway-station. 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT qT+&ç <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
4. Our college is far from the zoo. 4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p qT+&ç <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
5. We are very far to your house. 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{ÏøÏ <ä÷s¡+>± ñHêïeTT.
6. Our village is very far to the city. 6. e÷ }s¡T dæ{°øÏç #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
7. Their factory is very far to the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }]øÏ #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
8. Rama is working very far from here. 8. sêeTT&ÉT Çø£ÿ&ç qT+&ç #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is very far from the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&ç qT+&ç #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.
10. The temple is very far from the busstand. 10. >∑T&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT qT+&ç #ê˝≤ <ä÷s¡+>± ñ+~.

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Beside ...... Á|üø£ÿq
1. Our house is beside the Talkies. 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
2. Our school is beside the bus-stand. 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
3. The park is beside the Railway-station. 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
4. Our college is beside the zoo. 4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
5. We are beside your house. 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{Ï Á|üø£ÿq ñHêïeTT.

6. Our village is beside the city. 6. e÷ }s¡T dæ{Ï Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
7. Their factory is beside the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }] Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
8. Rama is working beside our shop. 8. sêeTT&ÉT e÷ n+>∑&ç Á|üø£ÿq¡ |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is beside the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&ç Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
10. The temple is beside the Railway gate. 10. >∑T&ç ¬s’˝Ò« π>≥T Á|üø£ÿq ñ+~.
Besides .... <ëì‘√ bÕ≥T .... ≈£L&Ü

li sh
1. He plays cricket besides football. 1. n‘·&ÉT |òü⁄{Ÿu≤˝Ÿ‘√ bÕ≥T ÁøÏ¬ø{Ÿ ≈£L&Ü Ä&É‘ê&ÉT.
2. I eat Idlies besides poori.
Eng 2. H˚qT |üPØ\‘√ bÕ≥T Ç&û¢\T ≈£L&Ü ‹+{≤qT.
3. I drink milk besides coffee.
k en 2 3 9 3. H˚qT ø±|ò”‘√ bÕ≥T bÕ\T ≈£L&Ü ‘ê>∑T‘êqT.
S o
4. He speaks English besides Telugu. 4. n‘·&TÉ ‘Ó\T>∑T‘√ bÕ≥T Ç+^¢wt ≈£L&Ü e÷{≤¢&‘
p 049 5
5. We went to Tirupathi besides Goa. 5. y˚TeTT >√yê‘√ bÕ≥T ‹s¡T|ü‹øÏ ≈£L&Ü yÓfi≤fleTT.
É ê&ÉT.
mu 39
6. They prepared non-veg besides sweets. 6. yês¡T d”«≥¢‘√ bÕ≥T HêHéyC ˚ Ÿ ≈£L&Ü ‘·j÷· s¡T#˚XÊs¡T.
Ra ll : 9
7. I read Sakshi besides Vaartha. 7. H˚qT yês¡Ô‘√ bÕ≥T kÕøÏå ≈£L&Ü #·<äTe⁄‘êqT.
Ce
8. She watches serials besides the movies. 8. ÄyÓT dæìe÷\‘√ bÕ≥T d”]j·T˝Ÿ ≈£L&Ü #·÷düTÔ+~.
9. Rani reads stories besides the subjects. 9. sêDÏ düu…®≈£îº\‘√bÕ≥T ø£<∏ä\T ≈£L&Ü #·<äTe⁄‘·T+~.
10. He bought a car besides a bike. 10. n‘·&ÉT u…’≈£î‘√ bÕ≥T ø±s¡T ≈£L&Ü ø=Hêï&ÉT.
Behind ( Back side ) .... yÓqø£

1. Our house is behind the Talkies. 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT yÓqø£ ñ+~.
2. Our school is behind the bus-stand. 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT yÓqø£ ñ+~.
3. The park is behind the Railway-station. 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT yÓqø£ ñ+~.
4. Our college is behind the zoo. 4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p yÓqø£ ñ+~.
5. We are behind your house. 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{Ï yÓqø£ ñHêïeTT.
6. Our village is behind the city. 6. e÷ }s¡T dæ{Ï yÓqø£ ñ+~.
7. Their factory is behind the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }] yÓqø£ ñ+~.
8. Rama is working behind our shop. 8. sêeTT&ÉT e÷ n+>∑&ç yÓqø£ |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is behind the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&ç yÓqø£ ñ+~.
10.The temple is behind the Railway gate. 10. >∑T&ç ¬s’˝Ò« π>≥T≈£î yÓqø£ ñ+~.

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infront of ...... eTT+<äs¡
1. Our house is infront of the Talkies. 1. e÷ Ç\T¢ {≤ø°düT eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
2. Our school is infront of the bus-stand. 2. e÷ ã&ç ãkÕº+&ÉT eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
3. The park is infront of the Railway-station. 3. bÕs¡Tÿ ¬s’˝Ò« ùdºwüqT eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
4. e÷ ø±˝ÒJ p eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
4. Our college is infront of the zoo.

5. We are infront of your house. 5. y˚TeTT MT Ç+{Ï eTT+<äs¡ ñHêïeTT.
6. Our village is infront of the hill. 6. e÷ }s¡T ø=+&É eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
7. Their factory is infront of the village. 7. yê] bòÕ´ø£ºØ e÷ }] eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
8. Rama is working infront of our shop. 8. sêeTT&ÉT e÷ n+>&ç eTT+<äs¡ |üì#˚düTÔHêï&ÉT.
9. His house is infront of the temple. 9. n‘·&ç Ç\T¢ >∑T&ç eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
10. The temple is infront of the Railway gate. 10. >∑T&ç ¬s’˝Ò« π>≥T eTT+<äs¡ ñ+~.
After .... ‘·sê«‘·

1. We will come after 5 minutes.
is h
1. y˚TeTT 5 ì$TcÕ\ ‘·sê«‘· ekÕÔeTT.
l
2. I will see you after the lunch.
E n g2. H˚qT $TeTà*ï uÛÀ»q+ ‘·sê«‘· #·÷kÕÔqT.
k e n
3. He will come here after 4 o’clock.
2 3 9
3. n‘·&ÉT Çø£ÿ&çøÏ 4 >∑+!\ ‘·sê«‘· ekÕÔ&ÉT.
4. ¬s’\T ˇø£ >∑+≥ ‘·sê«‘· edüTÔ+~.
S o
4. The train will arrive after 1 hour.
p 049
5. He will return back after 2 days. 5 5. n‘·&ÉT 2 s√E\ ‘·sê«‘· ‹]– ekÕÔ&ÉT.
mu 3 9
6. I will get a job after 2 months. 6. H˚qT 2 HÓ\\ ‘·sê«‘· ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ‘Ó#T· Ã≈î£ +{≤qT.
Ra ll : 98.y˚TeTTø=ìïs√E\‘·sê«‘·Bì>∑T]+∫bÕ¢Hé#˚kÕÔeTT.
7. She will return my amount after 1 year. 7. ÄyÓT ˇø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡eTT ‘·sê«‘· Hê &ÉãT“ ‹]– ÇdüT+Ô ~.
Ce
8. We will plan about it after some days.
9. y˚TeTT Bì >∑T]+∫ k˛eTyês¡eTT ‘·sê«‘· #·]ÃkÕÔeTT.
9. We discuss about it after Monday.
10. n‘·&TÉ ˇø£ yês¡eTT ‘·sê«‘· Hê≈£î ‘Ó*j·TCÒkÕÔ&TÉ .
10. He will inform us after 1 week.
Before .... eTT+<äT , ÁøÏ‘·eTT

1. We came before 5 minutes. 1. y˚TeTT 5 ì$TcÕ\ eTT+<äT e#êÃeTT.
2. We went there before an hour. 2. y˚TeTT ˇø£ >∑+≥ eTT+<äT yÓ[flb˛j·÷eTT.
3. We joined here before some days. 3. y˚TeTT Çø£ÿ&É ø=ìï s√E\ eTT+<˚ #˚sêeTT.
4. They asked the amount before a week. 4. yês¡T ˇø£ yês¡eTT ÁøÏ‘·eTT &ÉãT“qT n&ç>±s¡T.
5. She worked there before 2013. 5. ÄyÓT 2013 ≈£î eTT+<äT nø£ÿ&É |üì#˚dæ+~.
6. I read this book before 1 month. 6. H˚qT ˇø£ HÓ\ ÁøÏ‘·eTT á |ü⁄düÔø±ìï #·~yêqT.
7. We discussed about this before 2 days. 7. y˚TeTT 2 s√E\ øÁ ‘Ï e· TT Bì >∑T]+∫ #·]Ã+#êeTT.
8. He had come to our house before a month. 8. n‘·&ÉT ˇø£ HÓ\ ÁøÏ‘·eTT e÷ Ç+{ÏøÏ e∫Ã ñ+&ÓqT.
9. I had written the bank exam before a month. 9. H˚qT ˇø£ HÓ\ ÁøÏ‘·eTT u≤´+≈£î |üØø£åqT sêXÊqT.
10. She had married before a long time. 10. ÄyÓT #ê˝≤ ø±\+ ÁøÏ‘·eTT ô|[fl #˚düTø=ì+~.

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During ...... n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT , n+<äT
1. We went out during the morning. 1. y˚TeTT ñ<äj·T+ n|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ãj·T{ÏøÏ yÓfi≤fleTT.
2. We met our relatives during the holidays. 2. y˚TeTT e÷ ã+<ÛäTe⁄\qT ôd\e⁄\+<äT ø£*XÊqT.
3. We enjoy a lot during the holidays. 3. y˚TeTT ôd\e⁄\+<äT #ê˝≤ m+C≤jYT #˚XÊeTT.
4. Ravi came during the summer vacations. 4. s¡$ m+&Ü ø±\+ ôd\e⁄\+<äT e#êÃ&ÉT.
5. He arranged the party during the late night. 5. n‘·&TÉ sêÁ‹ düeTj·TeT+<äT Ä\dü´+>± bÕØº nπs+CŸ #˚XÊ&ÉT.
6. I called you during the meeting. 6. H˚qT düe÷y˚X¯eT|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ˙≈£î ø±˝Ÿ #˚XÊqT.
7. We visit Tirupathi during the summer holidays. 7. y˚TeTT ‹s¡T|ü‹ì m+&Üø±\+ ôd\e⁄\+<äT <ä]ÙkÕÔeTT.
8. I change my dress during the night times. 8. H˚qT Hê & Á dÉ Tü ‡qT sêÁ‹ düeTj·TeT+<äT e÷s¡TkÕÔqT.
9. We were not there during that time. 9. y˚TeTT Ä düeTj·TeT|ü⁄Œ&TÉ nø£ÿ&É ˝Ò≈î£ +{Ï$T.
10. Don’t disturb me during the sleepy time. 10. |ü&TÉ ≈£îH˚ düeTj·TeT|ü⁄Œ&TÉ qqTï &çds ºü “Y #˚jT· e<äT.›
Towards .... MT<ä>± , yÓ’|ü⁄>± , ~≈£îÿq

1. That car was going towards Hyderabad.
li sh 1. Ä ø±s¡T ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT yÓ’|ü⁄>± yÓfi¯óÔ+&ÓqT.
2. We are reaching towards kurnool.
Eng 2. y˚TeTT ø£s¡÷ï\T MT<äT>± #˚s¡Tø=+≥THêïeTT.
3. He travelled towards the North.
k en 2 3 9 3. n‘·&ÉT ñ‘·Ôs¡+ ~≈£îÿq Á|üj·÷DÏ+#ê&ÉT.
4. á ãdüT‡ u≤+uÒ yÓ’|ü⁄>± yÓfi¯óÔqï~.
S o
4. This bus is going towards Bombay.
p 049 5
5. This train is going towards Bangalore. 5. á ¬s’\T u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T yÓ’|ü⁄>± yÓfi¯óÔqï~.
mu
6. She is coming towards me.
39 6. ÄyÓT Hê yÓ’|ü⁄>± edüTÔqï~.
Ra ll : 9
7. They walked towards the Bus-stand. 7. yês¡T ãkÕº+&ÉT MT<äT>± q&ÉTdü÷Ô yÓfi≤fls¡T.
Ce
8. The children rushed towards the ground. 8. |æ\¢\T yÓTÆ<ÛëqeTT yÓ’|ü⁄>± <ä÷düT¬øfi≤fls¡T.
9. The bus came towards our scooter. 9. ãdüT‡ e÷ dü÷ÿ≥s¡T yÓ’|ü⁄>± e∫Ã+~.
10. Our teacher saw towards me. 10. e÷ {°#·s¡T Hê yÓ’|ü⁄>± #·÷XÊ&ÉT.
Against .... e´‹πsK+>± , $s¡T<ä›+>± , m<äTs¡T>±

1. My brother behaves against me. 1. e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT Hê‘√ e´‹πsK+>± Á|üe]ÔkÕÔ&ÉT.
2. He is telling against me. 2. n‘·&ÉT Hê≈£î $s¡T<ä›+>± #Ó|ü⁄ÔHêï&ÉT.
3. She is quite against to me. 3. ÄyÓT Hê≈£î |üP]Ô>± e´‹πsKeTT .
4. They are against to that party. 4. yês¡T Ä bÕØºøÏ e´‹πsKeTT.
5. He put the ladder against the wall. 5. n‘·&ÉT ì#ÓÃqqT >√&É≈£î m<äTs¡T>± ñ+#ê&ÉT.
6. He spoke against the rules. 6. n‘·&ÉT s¡÷˝Ÿ‡ \≈£î $s¡T<ä›+>± e÷{≤¢&Ü&ÉT.
7. The evidance is against him. 7. kÕø£åéTT n‘·&çøÏ e´‹πsK+>± ñ+~.
8. You are doing against to every one. 8. ˙e⁄ Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ]øÏ $s¡T<ä›+>± #˚düTÔHêïe⁄.
9. You did against what I told. 9. ˙e⁄ Hê Ä»„≈£î e´‹πsK+>± #˚XÊe⁄.
10. The teenagers are against to their parents. 10. ej·TdüT‡˝À ñqïyês¡T yês¡T ‘·*¢ <ä+Á&ÉT\≈£î $s¡T<ä›eTT.

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3. Phrasal - Prepositions
According to : Á|üø±s¡+>±
1. I got this job according to his advice.
n‘·&ç dü\Vü‰ Á|üø±s¡+>± Hê≈£î ñ<√´>∑eTT e∫Ã+~.

2. He got the first rank according to his hard work.
n‘·&ç X
Á e¯ T |Á øü ±s¡+>± n‘·&TÉ yÓTT<ä{Ï sê´+≈£îqT kÕ~Û+#ê&ÉT.
Puts down : MT~øÏ HÓ≥Tº
1. My brother puts down his problems on me.
e÷ ‘·eTTà&ÉT ‘·q düeTdü´\ìï+{Ïì Hê MT~øÏ H˚fÒºXÊ&ÉT.
2. He puts down all the sins on god.
is
n‘·&ÉT ‘·q bÕ|üeTT\ìï+{Ïì <˚e⁄&çô|’ HÓfgÒºXlÊ&ÉT.
h
E n
Aggreeable to : n+^ø£
k e n ] +#· üã &ç
2 q 3
≥Tº9
1. All her orders S o
pwere aggreeable
4 9 5 to us.
m
ÄyÓT Ä»„ \u 3 9
˙ï e÷ #˚‘· n+^ø£ 0]+#·ã&Ü¶sTT.
2. 50 %R
a l :were 9 agreeable to do the job.
e l
of the students
n+<ä]˝À 50 % eT+~C$<Ûë´s¡Tú\T e÷Á‘·y˚T ñ<Û√´>±ìøÏ n+^ø£]+#·ã&Ü¶s¡T.
Carried on : ø=qkÕ–+#·T
1. We carried on our business for 20 years.
y˚TeTT e÷ yê´bÕsêìï 20 dü+e‘·‡sê\T ø=qkÕ–+#êeTT.
2. Shiva carried on as a private teacher happily.
•e ˇø£ Áô|’y˚{Ÿ {°#·s¡T>±H˚ Äq+<ä+>± ø=qkÕ>±&ÉT.
Pick up : ÁøÏ+<ä |ü&çq$ @s¡Tø=qT
1. The crow picked up the stones from the ground with its mouth.
ø±øÏ H˚\ô|’ ñqï sêfi¯flqT ‘·q H√{Ï‘√ @s=ÿì+~.
2. She asked to pick up the mangoes in the garden.
ÄyÓT ‘√≥˝À ÁøÏ+<ä |ü&ç ñqï e÷$T&ç ø±j·T\qT @s¡T≈£îs¡eTàì n&ç–+~.
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By an accident : nqTø√≈£î+&É>±
1. I met her by an accident.
ÄyÓTqT nqTø√≈£î+&Ü ø£*XÊqT.
2. He won this prize by an accident.
n‘·&ÉT nqTø√≈£î+&É>± á Áô|’CŸqT ¬>*#ê&ÉT.
Along with : yÓ+ã&ç , yÓ+≥

1. I went along with my parents.
H˚qT e÷ ‹*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\ yÓ+ã&ç yÓfi≤flqT.
2. The children went to the library along with the teacher.
|æ\¢\T {°#·s¡T yÓ+ã&ç ˝…’ÁãØøÏ yÓfi≤fls¡T.
Looking for : m<äTs¡T #·÷#·T
li sh
E n g
1. I am loking for the job.
en
H˚qT ñ<Û√´>∑eTT ø√düeTTkm<ä 3 9
Ts¡T#·÷düTÔH2êïqT.
po for04her9mother.
2. The baby isSlooking 5
ne÷àsTT m ufl neTà ø√dü3+9m<äTs¡T#·÷düTÔqï~.
yêfi¯
Ra ll : 9
C e
Answerable for : düe÷<ÛëqeTT #Ó|üŒ<ä–q
1. He is answerable for his expenses.
n‘·&ÉT ‘·q Ks¡TÃ\≈£î düe÷<ÛëqeTT #Ó|üŒ<ä–q yê&ÉT.
2. I am not answerble for your mistakes.
˙ ‘·|ü⁄Œ\≈£î H˚qT düe÷<ÛëqeTT #Ó|üŒ<ä–qyê&çì ø±<äT.
Pick up : ÁøÏ+<ä |ü&çq$ @s¡Tø=qT
1. The crow picked up the stones from the ground with its mouth.
ø±øÏ H˚\ô|’ ñqï sêfi¯flqT ‘·q H√{Ï‘√ @s=ÿì+~.
2. She asked to pick up the mangoes in the garden.
ÄyÓT ‘√≥˝À ÁøÏ+<ä |ü&ç ñqï e÷$T&ç ø±j·T\qT @s¡T≈£îs¡eTàì n&ç–+~.
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On accont of : Ä ø±s¡DeTT #˚‘·
1. I went to Hyderabad on account of my sister’s wedding.
e÷ #Ó[fl ô|[fl ø±s¡DeTT #˚‘· H˚qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT≈£î yÓfi≤flqT.
2. Holiday is declared today on account of teacher’s day.
ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\ ~H√‘·‡e ø±s¡D+>± ás√E ôd\e⁄ Á|üø£{Ï+#ês¡T.

On behalf of : ˇø£] |üøå±q
1. I attended the meeting on behalf of our officer.
e÷ Ä|ò”düs¡T >±] |üøå±q H˚qT MT{Ï+>∑T≈£î Vü‰»s¡j·÷´qT.
2. I am sending this letter on behalf of our institute.
e÷ ÇHé‡{Ï≥÷´{Ÿ |üøå±q H˚qT á ñ‘·Ôsêìï |ü+|ædüTÔHêïqT.
Broke down : Ä–b˛e⁄. glish
E n
1. Our work broke down due to some reasons.
e÷ |üì ø=ìï ø±s¡Do enÄ–b˛sTT+~.
≤\ke\¢ 2 3 9
S p and 4 9 5
2. My studies broke
u down
9 0 I went to a job.
Hê #·<äTae⁄m qT3ñ<√´>±ìøÏ yÓfi≤flqT.
Ä–b˛sTT H˚9
R ll :
Ce
Send off : M&√ÿ\T #Ó|ü⁄Œ
1. The students gave a send off to the transferred teacher.
$<Ûë´s¡Tú\T ã~© ne⁄‘·Tqï {°#·s¡T≈£î M&√ÿ\T #ÓbÕŒs¡T.
2. We gave a send off to our relatives yesterday.
y˚TeTT e÷ ã+<ÛäTe⁄\≈£î ìqï M&√ÿ\T #ÓbÕŒeTT.
Set off : ãj·T\T <˚s¡T

1.Our cricket players set off to India.
e÷ Ä≥>±fi¯ófl Ç+&çj·÷≈£î ãj·T\T <˚sês¡T.
2. I set off from there after I finished my work.
H˚qT Hê |üì |üP]Ô nsTT´q yÓ+≥H˚ nø£ÿ&ç qT+&ç ãj·T\T <˚sêqT.
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Inspite of : nsTTq|üŒ{Ïø°
1. Inspite of not being well I attended the class.
Hê Äs√>∑éTT u≤>∑˝Òq|üŒ{ÏøÏqT H˚qT ø±¢düT≈£î Vü‰»s¡j·T´qT.
2. Inspite of becoming late our teacher accepted to go in.
sêe&É+ Ä \dü´+ nsTTq|üŒ{øÏ qÏ T e÷ {°#s· T¡ ˝À|ü*øÏ yÓfió¯ fl≥≈£î n+^ø£]+#ê&ÉT.
Give up : e~* y˚j·TT ... e÷qTø=qT

1. I give up all my bad habbits.
H˚qT Hê #Ó&¶É n\yê≥¢qT e÷H˚kÕÔqT.
2. No body wants to give up thier jobs to others.
me«s¡÷ ≈£L&Ü ‘·eT ñ<√´>±\qT Ç‘·s¡T\ ø√dü+ e<ä\Tø√e&ÜìøÏ Çwüº|ü&És¡T.
Concerned in : yê´bÕs¡ dü+ã+<Û i s

ä+l >∑\
h
1. My friend is concerned in saleE
n g
k e n 2 3 9
of school books.
S o
Hê ùdïVæ≤‘·T&ÉT dü÷ÿ\T |ü⁄düÔø±\ neTàø£eTT˝À dü+5
ã+<Û
p in the0big49business. ä+>± ñHêï&ÉT.
m u
2. I am concerned
3 9
H˚qT R
l 9
ˇø£aô|<ä› yê´bÕs¡:+˝À dü+ã+<Û+ä >± ñHêïqT.
C e l
By means of : ˝À , >∑÷+&Ü , <ë«sê , MT<äT>± ,
1. He went to Hyderabad by means of the train.
n‘·&ç ¬s’\T˝À ôV’≤<äsêu≤<äT≈£î yÓfi≤fl&ÉT.
2. She climbed top of the house by means of a ladder.
ÄyÓT ˇø£ ì#ÓÃq MT<äT>± Ç+{Ï ô|’øÏ møÏÿ+~.
Stand by : düVü‰j·TeTT>± ñ+&ÉT.
1. We must stand by our friends in their difficulties.
eTq ùdïVæ≤‘·T\T ø£cÕº\˝À ñqï|ü⁄Œ&ÉT yê]øÏ düVü‰j·TeTT>± ñ+&Ü*.
2. My wife stood by when I was ill.
H˚qT nHês√>∑´+>± ñqï|ü⁄Œ&TÉ Hê uÛ≤s¡´ düV‰ü j·T+>± ñ+&ç+~.
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Contribute to : #·+<ë #Ó*¢+#·T≥
1. We contributed some amout to construct the public school.
y˚TeTT |ü_¢ø˘ dü÷ÿ˝Ÿ ø£≥Tº≥≈£î ø=+#Ó+ &ÉãT“qT #·+<ë>± Ç#êÃeTT.
2. They contributed a lot for the floods victims.
yês¡T es¡<ä u≤~Û‘·T\≈£î #ê˝≤ es¡≈£î #·+<ë>± Ç#êÃs¡T.
Look down : ˙#·eTT>± #·÷#·T , ‘·≈£îÿe>± #·÷&ÉT .

1. Every one looks down if we are poor.
eTq+ ù|<äyês¡yÓTÆ‘˚ Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿs¡T ˙#·eTT>± , ‘·≈£îÿe>± #·÷kÕÔs¡T.
2. We should not look down the poor.
eTq+ ù|<äyê]ì ‘·≈î£ ÿe #·÷|ü⁄‘√ #·÷&Ésê<äT.
In case of : ˇø£ y˚fi¯ gl ish

E n
1. In case of any need , please call
k e n 2 3 9
me 9390495239.
S o
@<Ó’Hê ˇø£ y˚fi¯ nedüs¡yÓTÆ‘˚ , Hê≈£î ø±˝Ÿ #˚sTT 5
p , close 4 9 9390495239.
u
2. In case no body comes
90 the shop early.
ˇø£ y˚fi¯ R
me«s¡ 93 &ç ‘=+s¡>± eT÷dæ y˚sTT.
am÷ sêø£lb˛‘˚: n+>∑
C e l
Depend upon : Ä<Ûës¡|ü&çj·TT+&ÉT
1. Our uncle depends upon us even he married.
e÷ ∫Hêïqï ô|[fl #˚düT≈£îHêï ≈£L&Ü e÷ MT<˚ Ä<Ûës¡|ü&ÉT‘ê&ÉT.
2. The children depend upon their own parents.
|æ\¢\T ‘·eT‘·eT ‘·*¢<ä+Á&ÉT\ ô|’H˚ Ä<Ûës¡|ü&É‘ês¡T.
Despire of : ìsêX¯ #Ó+<äT≥
1. He despired a lot when he lost his amount in the bus.
n‘·&ÉT ãdüT‡˝À ‘·q &ÉãT“qT b˛>=≥Tº≈£îqï|ü⁄Œ&ÉT #ê˝≤ ìsêX¯ #Ó+<ë&ÉT.
2. Ravi despired of not getting the govt job still at 36.
s¡$ 36 @fi¯fl≈£î ≈£L&Ü Ç+ø± ñ<Û√´>∑eTT sêq+<äT≈£î #ê˝≤ ìsêX¯ #Ó+<ë&ÉT.
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In favour of : nqT≈£L\+>±
1. He does any work in favour of the poor.
n‘·&ÉT @ |üì #˚dæHê ù|<äyê]øÏ nqT≈£L\+>± #˚kÕÔ&ÉT.
2. All the evidence is in favour of him.
n˙ï kÕøå±´\T ≈£L&Ü yê&çøÏ nqT≈£L\+>± ñHêïsTT.
In order to : ø=s¡≈£î , nedüs¡eTT

1. I bought this car in order to do the business.
yê´bÕs¡eTT #˚j·TT≥ ø=s¡≈£î á ø±s¡TqT ø=HêïqT.
2. I am studying hard in order to get the 1st rank.
H˚qT yÓTT<ä{Ï sê´+≈£î ‘Ó#·TÃø=qT≥ ø=s¡≈£î ø£wüº|ü&ç #·<äTe⁄‘·THêïqT.
For the sake of : ø=s¡≈£î , nedüs¡eTT li s h

E n g
1. I bought this car for the sake of doing business.
yê´bÕs¡eTT #˚j·TT≥ ø=s¡ k e n 2 3
≈£î á ø±s¡TqT5ø=HêïqT.
9
2. I am studying hardSfor
o
p the sake 4 9
m u 3 90 of getting 1st rank.
R a
H˚qT yÓTT<ä{Ï sê´+≈£
l : 9
î ‘Ó#·TÃø=qT≥ ø=s¡≈£î ø£wüº|ü&ç #·<äTe⁄‘·THêïqT.
e l
C to : ≈£L&Ü , <ëì‘√ bÕ≥T
In addition
1. I bought a car in addition to a scooter.
H˚qT dü÷ÿ≥s¡T‘√ bÕ≥T ø±s¡T ≈£L&Ü ø=HêïqT.
2. I am learning Hindi in addition to English.
H˚qT Ç+^¢wt ‘√ bÕ≥T Væ≤+B ≈£L&Ü H˚s¡TÃø=+≥THêïqT.
In answer to : düe÷<Ûëq+>±
1. I gave this solution in answer to his question.
H˚qT n‘·&ç Á|üX¯ï≈£î düe÷<Ûëq+>± á |ü]cÕÿsêìï Ç#êÃqT.
2. I gave a gift in answer to his help.
n‘·&ç düVü‰j·TeTTq≈£î düe÷<Ûëq+>± H˚qT ˇø£ ãVüQeT‹ì Ç#êÃqT.
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On the basis of : Ä<Ûës¡+>±
1. I learnt English on the basis of this book.
H˚qT á |ü⁄düÔø£eTT Ä<Ûës¡+>± Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃ≈£îHêïqT.
2. I knew many things on this basis of this incident.
á dü+|òüT≥q Ä<Ûës¡+>± mH√ï ø=‘·Ô $wüj·÷\qT ‘Ó\TdüT≈£îHêïqT.
In accordance with : nqTdü]+∫

1. In accordance with his advice I got this job.
n‘·&ç dü\Vü‰\qT nqTdü]+∫ H˚qT ˇø£ ñ<√´>±ìï bı+<ëqT.
2. In accordance with my ideas I am in this position.
Hê ◊&çj·÷\qT nqTdü]+∫ á kÕúsTT˝À ñHêïqT.
In course of : ∫e]øÏ , ‘·T<ä≈£î li s h
E n g
1.In course of his inventions he got the best result.
n‘·&ç |ü]XÀ<äq\‘√ ∫e]øÏ ke n
eT+∫ |òü* 2
‘·+ 3 9
e∫Ã +~.
S o
pprecations
4 9 5
2. In course of taking
T rdüuTø√e&É+‘√
H˚qT eTT+<äT C≤Á>∑‘a·Ô\m 3 90 I am safe today.
R l : 9 ás√E ∫e]øÏ düTs¡øÏå‘·+>± ñHêïqT.
C e l
In responsible to : ã<äT\T>±
1. I gave a reply in responsible to his letter.
n‘·&ç ñ‘·ÔsêìøÏ H˚qT ‹]– ã<äT\T Ç#êÃqT.
2. I did this work in responsible to your help.
MT düVü‰j·÷ìøÏ ã<äT\T>± H˚qT á |üì #˚XÊqT.
Come through : $»j·÷ìï kÕ~Û+#·T
1. Ramu tried a lot to come through the exams.
sêeTT |üØø£å\˝À $»j·÷ìï kÕ~Û+#·T≥≈£î m+‘√ Á|üj·T‹ï+#ê&ÉT.
2. He spent all his life to come through the good name.
n‘·&ÉT eT+∫ ù|s¡TqT kÕ~+#·T≥≈£î ‘·q J$‘êH˚ï Ks¡TÃô|{≤º&ÉT.
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Ra ll : 9
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SPOKEN ENGLISH జి సైదేశ్వర రావు PDF

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GSRAO GK GROUPS

For Spelling - Mistaking Students

Written & Edited By

D.H. Ramu ( Adoni )

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Printed & Published by :

Copy rights are reserved by the Publishers

This is Ramu’s Institute of Spoken English (RISE) classroom study material.

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Ç+^¢wt ˝À sêj·T&Üìπø sê<äT..... nì nqT≈£îH˚ yê] ø√düy˚T ....

á... |ü⁄düÔø±ìï #ê˝≤ düT\uÛÑ‘·s¡+>± .... ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚dæ MT≈£î n+~düTÔHêïeTT

Á|ürs√E düeTj·T+ <=]øÏ q|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ... ø£˙dü+ ˇø£ >∑+≥

1. ‘Ó\T>∑T nø£åsê\T ( n ` qT+&ç ` i es¡≈£î )

á 3 $wüj·÷\T ‘Ó*dæ ñ+fÒ #ê\T ... Ç+^¢wt ˝À sêj·T>∑\s¡T

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

#· ` #· #ê ∫ N #·T #·÷ #·è #·è≤ #Ó #˚ #Ó’ #= #√ #Í #·+ #· :

English - Alphabet - Ç+^¢wt ` nø£ås¡e÷\ ( 26 Letters ) ( 26 nø£åsê\T )

H˚s¡TÃø=+fÒ #ê\T ...

1. nø£ås¡ ... nø£åsê\qT .... Ç+^¢wt ˝À m˝≤ sêj·÷* ?

2. düTHêï\T ( ª 0 µ \T ) e∫Ãq|ü⁄Œ&ÉT Ç+^¢wt ˝À m˝≤ sêj·÷*?

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

‘·\ø£≥Tº Bs¡ÈeTT >∑T&ç

#· - Cha #ê - Cha ∫ - Chi

&É - Da &Ü - Da &ç - Di

j·T - Ya j·÷ - Ya sTT - Yi

e - Va, Wa yê - Va, Wa $ - Vi, Wi

X¯ - Sha XÊ - Sha • - Shi

wü - Sha cÕ - Sha wæ - Shi

Vü≤ - Ha Vü‰ - Ha Væ≤ - Hi

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

>∑T&ç Bs¡ÈeTT ø=eTTà ø=eTTà Bs¡ÈeTT

ø° - Kee ≈£î - Ku ≈£L - Koo

^ - Gee >∑T - Gu >∑÷ - Goo

N - Chee #·T - Chu #·÷ - Choo

&û - Dee &ÉT - Du &É÷ - Doo

r - Thee ‘·T - Thu ngl ‘·÷ - Thoo

˙ - Nee qTp - Nu 495 q÷ -

MT - Mee Ce eTT - Mu eT÷ - Moo

sT÷ - Yee j·TT - Yu j·T÷ - Yoo

Ø - Ree s¡T - Ru s¡÷ - Roo

M - Vee,Wee e⁄ - Vu,Wu eP - Voo,Woo

o - Shee X¯ó - Shu X¯S - Shoo

w” - Shee wüß - Shu wüO - Shoo

d” - See düT - Su dü÷ - Soo

V”≤ - Hee VüQ - Hu VüA - Hoo

∞ - Lee ﬁ¯ó - Lu ﬁ¯S - Loo

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

m‘·«eTT m‘·«eTT Bs¡ÈeTT ◊‘·«eTT

¬> - Ge π> - Ge ¬>’ - Gy

#Ó - Che #˚ - Che #Ó’ - Chy

&Ó - De &˚ - De &Ó’ - Dy

<Ó - Dhe <˚

jÓT - Ye j˚T - Ye yÓ’ - Yy

yÓ - Ve,We y˚ - Ve,We yÓ’ - Vy,Wy

XË - She X‚ - She XË’ - Shy

wô - She wù - She wô ’ - Shy

Ramu : ( 0 ) 9390495239 Rise Spoken English

ˇ‘·«eTT z‘·«eTT W‘·«eTT

>= - Go >√ - Go >ö - Gow

#= - Cho #√ - Cho #Í - Chow

&= - Do &√ - Do &Í - Dow

yÓTT - Mo eTÚ - Mow