Examples: Glucose ma Glucenic add es hoy NONHCas Glucaric avid (also called saccharic acid) t + R-C-R’ Glucuranic acid (a Gluctl (aio cad sorb) { Osone Phenylhydrazone. Mannose Mannonie acid 5 aera) Monnarie acid (al acchane ai Aa Monger ecto agen Aan er synthesis (lengthening of carbon chain Manito) of aldese) (1) HEN Reachons of aldoses & ketases: 0 a Boe Ho ita ( oa y (®) Oxidation using Tollens’, Fehling’s , and Benedicts rt, (eHor, 02 Nala), Con (CHOW net ‘Aldose Tollens’/Fehling/ Benedict rah leer HOH CHOW ore Composition —(¢) Ruff ion (shortening the carb aldose) ie Tollens gt. = Ag(NHS)E cu,0 a a en pie tt Fehling’s rgt. = copper(I) tartrate , OH 1 (9 Ha0, Feo* { Benedict’ rat, = copper(It) citrate, OH” (200 ae (CHO ( Oxidation wsing bromine water vo Ca0H Aldose re Aldonic acid ea 2. Disacchanides Kebse —2@2_, nore : () ()-Maltose. - eammanly known as alt sugar (8) Oxidation using HNOs = obtained by partial hydciysis of starch Aidore ENOL A\daric acid Ketose N03, no nin (4) Osazone formation 1 ‘ beo E=N-NHC Hs 1 BCalishite , > CN=NHC CH, a phenphydrazine ots Aldose Osazone + CGHsNly + Nit in aqueous acid, or by diastase -cata— lyzed hydrolysis of starch in its fermen~ tation 4p yield ethan. ~ @ reducing sugar: Stach 82" 5 -Mattse Stach 20 5 EtOH + (-Maltose diastare ut maltese + 120 D-()-Gluave (2 mel) Mattase