SEMESTRE 1 SESSION 2018/2019

COURSE :
(KAL 3043 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

TITTLE :
CHILDREN DEVELOPMENT BOOK

LECTURER :
DOCTOR NURFARHANA DIANA BINTI MOHD NOR

PREPARED BY :
NUR ANIS ALYANY BINTI ABDUL HALIM
D20182085988
MONTHS / YEARS AGE RANGE

Birth – 6 Months Birth – 2 Months

- weight may drop after birth but will be regained
- hand, arm, leg, and rooting movements are all
reflex motions
- head flops if not supported
- hands start to unfold
- may reach and grasp an object for a short time
- eyes move in unison and can track close moving
objects
- may roll over one way

3 Months – 4 Months
- stretches out arms and legs
- rolls over from back to side
- holds head up to search for sounds and
movement
- discovers feet and hands
- sits with arms propped
- reaches for objects
- holds hands together

5 Months – 6 Months
- rolls over from front to back
- grabs toes and feet
- wiggles forward on floor
- holds head steady
- sits with back straight when propped
- grasps small objects and studies them

7 Months – 1 Years 7 Months – 9 Months

- Sits without support
- Sits and reaches for toys without falling
- Moves from tummy or back into sitting
- Picks up head and pushes through elbows
during Tummy Time
- Turns head to visually track objects while sitting
 - In simple play imitates others

10 Months – 1 Years
- Pulls to stand and cruises along furniture
- Stands alone and takes several independent
steps
- Moves in and out of various positions to
explore environment and get desired toys
- Maintains balance in sitting when throwing
objects
- Claps hands
- Releases objects into a container with a large
opening
- Uses thumb and pointer finger to pick up tiny
objects

2 Years – 4 Years 2 Years

- Stands on tiptoe
- Kicks a ball
- Begins to run
- Climbs onto and down from furniture without
help
- Walks up and down stairs holding on
- Throws ball overhand

3 Years
- Climbs well
- Runs easily
- Pedals a tricycle (3-wheel bike)
- Walks up and down stairs with one foot on each
step

4 Years
- Hops and stands on one foot up to five second
- Goes upstairs and downstairs without support
- Kicks ball forward
- Throws ball overhand
- Catches bounced ball most of the time
- Moves forward and backward with agility
 5 – 6 Years 5 Years
- Stands on one foot for 10 seconds or longer
- Hops may be able to skip
- Uses a fork and a spoon and sometimes a table
knife
- Can use the toilet on her own
- Swings and climbs

6 Years
- May still be somewhat uncoordinated and
gawky
- Able to learn to ride a bicycle
- Can move in time with music or a beat

MONTHS / YEARS AGE RANGE

Birth – 6Months 0 – 2 Months
- May briefly calm himself (may bring hands
to mouth and suck on hand)
- Tries to make eye contact with caregiver
- Begins to smile at people

3 – 5 Months
- May smile spontaneously especially at
people
- Likes interacting with people and might cry
when the interaction stops
- Copies some movements and facial
expressions such as smiling or frowning

6 Months
- Reacts positively to familiar faces and
begins to be wary of strangers
- Likes to play with others and especially
parents and also the other caregivers
- Responds to their own name

7 Months – 1 Years 7 – 9 Months

- Shows feelings by smiling, crying and
pointing
- Prefers certain toys
- Clings to familiar adults
- Cries when parent leaves and is shy around
strangers
- Responds to their own name

10 Months – 1 Years
- Prefers certain people and toys
 - Imitates sounds, gestures or actions to get
parent’s attention
- Cries when parent leaves and is shy around
strangers
- Puts arm or leg out to help with dressing
- Enjoys playing games like “peek-a-boo”
and “pat-a-cake”

2 – 4 Years 2 Years
- Plays briefly beside other children and gets
excited when with other children
- Imitates others especially adults and older
children
- Shows more and more independence
- Shows defiance such as do what he/she
was told not to do
- Begins to play with other children as in
chasing one another

3 Years

- Shows concern and affection for others

without prompting
- Copies adults and friends for instance, runs
when other children run
- Takes turns in games
- Separates easily from parents
- Shows a wide range of feelings
- Enjoys routines and may get upset with a
major change
- Dresses and undresses self
- Enjoys helping with simple household taska
- Verbalizes toilet needs and may be toilet
trained during the day

4 Years

- Plays cooperatively with other children

- Negotiates solutions to conflicts
- Prefers playing with other children than
playing alone
- Enjoys doing new things
- Becomes more creative in make-believe
play
- Confuses what is real and what’s make-
believe
- Expresses likes and dislikes
- Seeks new experiences
5 – 6 Years 5 Years
- Wants to please friends
- Wants to be like friends
- Agrees to rules more easily
- Likes to sing, dance and act
- Knows the difference between fantasy and
reality
- Knows who is a boy or girl
- Expresses likes and dislikes
- Shows increasing independence
- Seeks new experiences
- Demonstrates both demanding and
cooperative behaviors

6 Years

- Show more independence from parents

and family
- Start to think about the future
- Understand more about his or her place in
the world
- Pay more attention to friendship and
teamwork
- Want to be liked and accepted by friends
MONTHS / YEARS AGE RANGE
Birth – 6 Months 0 – 3 Months
- Produces sounds such as fussing,
crying, burping and cooing.
- Produces most sounds on exhalation
with legthy vowel-like sounds (back
vowels)
- Makes single vowel sounds such as
“ah” “eh” “uh”
- Sustains cooing 15-20 seconds
- Different kinds of crying for pain

4 – 5 Months
- Vocalizes to objects
- Laugh at something
- Can pronounce “mama / dada”
without meaning
- Babbles to gain attention
- Shows pleasure / displeasure by
vocalizing

6 Months
- Coos to music
- Vocalizes “ma” or “mu”
- Tries to repeat heard sound
sequences
- Babbling begins
- Experiments and plays with sounds
(yells, gurgles, blows raspberries and
bubbles)
- Varies volume, pitch and rate

7 Months – 1 Years 7 – 9 Months

- Produces sounds in one breath
- Enjoys imitating sound sequences
 - Babbles with some CV syllables
“bababa”
- Uses m/n/b/p/t/d in babbling
- Imitates sounds, cough, tongue
clicking (increased tongue tip
activity)
- Babbling shows pitch and
inflectional changes
- Beginning of adult speech (starting
to develop certain vowels, syllables
and etc.
- Responds to ‘no’ most all the time

10 Months – 1 Years
- Begins changing babbling to real
words
- Continues imitating sounds
- Begins using more back vowels,
central vowels and consonants
- Attends to new words
- Can identifies 2 parts of body on self
- Gives objects upon verbal request
- Uses social gestures for instance,
“byebye”
- Says one to two words
spontaneously

2 – 4 Years 2 Years
- Correctly pronounces most vowels
- Commonly uses 25 different
phonemes
- Uses beginning consonants
- Word-final consonants emerge
- Pitch is lower and more stable
- Recognizes family member names
- Can uses “and” “mommy and
daddy”
- Asks simple questions “Where all?”,
“What daddy?” “What colour?”

3 Years
- Speaks with a loud voice
- Increases range of pitch
- Anwers questions with “yes” or “no”
- Understands the concepts of “one”
and “all”
- Uses subject pronoun
 - Asks some questions such as “What
happened?”
- Uses “gonna” and “wanna”
- Understands “now”, “soon” and
“later”
- Begins using singular/plural
nounverb agreement
- Vocabulary 900+ words

4 Years
- Uses possessives
- Uses “we”,”she” and “they”
- Uses “some”, “many” and “all”
- Uses present progressive is/are/ am
+ verb ing
- Uses some irregular verbs
- Uses “can’t”, “not” and “didn’t”
- Uses 3rd person singular-s
- Expresses ideas and feelings rather
than just talking about the world
around him/her
- Enjoys poems and recognizes
language absurdities such as, “Is that
an elephant on your head?”
- Vocabulary 1500+ words

5 – 6 Years 5 Years
- By age of 5, the phonological
processes of syllable deletion and
fronting are surpressed
- Uses has, does, had
- Uses because, when, if and so in
clauses
- Uses these and those
- Uses before and after
- Uses comparative adjectives “small-
smaller”
- Answers “why” and “how” questions
like “What is a house made of?”
- Uses 2500+ words

6 Years
- Stabilizes correct usage of irregular
plurals and past tense / irregular
verbs
- Uses pronouns, propositions and
article correctly, consistently
- Uses superlative-est
- Uses –er to form nouns (teach /
teacher)
- Vocabulary 2800+ words
MONTHS / YEARS AGE RANGE
Birth – 6 Months 0 – 3 Months
- Sees objects that are eight to twelve inches
away from his / her face.
- They sensitive to sounds that close by.
- Startles to loud noises by arching back, kicking
legs and flailing arms.
- Watches objects and faces briefly and follows
moving objects with eyes.
- Follows moving object such as rattle or toy with
eyes.
- Recognizes familiar people at a distance
- Cries or fusses if bored.
- Recognizes breast or bottle.
- Follows movement by turning head.

4 – 6 Months

- Watches moving objects, moves eyes from side

to side to watch.
- Communicates if happy or sad.
- Watches faces and looks at your face while
feeding.
- Reaches for toys and brings toys to mouth.
- Recognize familiar faces.
- Respond to the facial expressions of other
people.
- Recognize and react to familiar sounds.
- Begin to imitate facial expressions.
- Uses hands and mouth to explore the world.
- Transfers objects from hand to hand.
- Tries to get things that are out of reach.
- Looks around at things.

7 Months – 1 Years 7 – 9 Months

- Watches an objects as it falls.
- Looks for objects that he/she saw you hide.
- Transfers things smoothly from hand to hand.
- Plays “peek-a-boo”.
- Uses thumb and index finger to pick things up
such as cereal.
- Turns pages in a book.
- Puts things in mouth.

10 Months – 1 Years
- Understand the concept of object permanence
the idea that an object continues to exist even
though it cannot be seen.
- Imitate gestures and some basic actions.
- Respond with gestures and sounds
- Like looking at picture books.
 - Manipulate objects by turning them over, trying
to put one object into another and etc.
- Puts objects in and out of containers.
- Looks at the correct picture when it is named.
- Bangs things together.
- Begins to use common objects (drinks from a
cup, brushes hair).
- Follows simple directions such as “pick up your
book”.
- Explores things by banging, shaking or
throwing.
- Pokes with index finger.
- Lets go of things without help.

2 – 4 Years 2 Years
- Builds a tower of four or more blocks.
- Finds things even when hidden under two or
more covers.
- Explores how things work by touching them and
trying them out.
- Begins to sort shapes and colours.
- Follows two-step directions such as “pick up
your truck and put it on the shelf”.
- Plays simple pretend or make-believe games.
- Names items in a book such as a dog, cat, car or
baby.
- Completes sentences and rhymes in familiar
books.

3 Years

- Does puzzles with three or four pieces.

- Draws or copies a circle with crayon or pencil.
- Plays make-believe with dolls, animals and
people.
- Uses imagination to crate stories or play.
- Matches and sorts objects by shape and colour.
- Works toys with buttons, levers and moving
parts such as makes mechanical toys work.
- Knows what “two” means.
- Turns pages one at a time.
- Knows common colours.
- Screws and unscrews jar lids and turns door
handles.

4 Years

- Copies simple shapes.

- Understands the concepts of “same” and
“different”.
- Follows instructions with two or three steps.
 - Understands the concept of counting and may
know numbers.
- Draws a person with two to four body parts.
- Begins to understand time.
- Knows basic colours.
- Copies letters.
- Plays board games or card games.
- Tells you what he thinks will happen next in a
story.

5 – 6 Years 5 Years
- Counts 10 or more objects.
- Names at least four colours correctly.
- Understands items used every day such as food
or money.
- Draws a person with at least six body parts.
- Copies a triangle and other geometric shapes.
- Understands the concept of time.
- Prints some letters and numbers.
- Recognizes own printed name and may be able
to write name.

6 Years

- Can tell you their age.

- Can count to and understand the concept of
“10” such as they can counte 10 pieces of
candy.
- Are learning to express themselves well through
words.
- Are learning to write.
- Start to grasp the concept of time.
 ACTIVITIES FOR
PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT

AGE AGE RANGE / ACTIVITY

Birth – 1 Years Birth – 6 Months
 Tummy time : such as put a large blanket
on the floor or on the grass outside the
house for tummy time can be safe, clean
and welcoming place for babies to practise
lifting their heads.
 Roll, creep, crawl and sit : Put a blanket on
the ground or floor to teach them how to
crawl, roll, creep and also how to sit.
 Using hands : Baby probably bring their
hands together and their hands will be
open most of the time and they likes
opening and shutting them. Such as they
also starting to use their hands and eyes
together to reach your face or swing their
hands towards an object.
 Kicking : They might out thei legs and kick
when they on their tummy or back and if
you hold them in a standing position for
instance, on the floor or in your lap they
might try to stand on their legs.
 Grabbing Basket : Fill the basket or a pan
with the paper tube rings and place it in
front of your baby while they in tummy
time, propped a pillow or sitting on your
own lap with hands free to play.

7 Months – 1 Years
 Pick Things : Your baby is getting lots of
practice picking up things and uses her
fingers to catch something and drag
objects towards them.
  Crawling : If u see your baby is crawling,
you can try getting down on the floor and
start crawling around with her or playing a
game of chasey.
 Moving : Moving and exploring help your
baby build muscle strength for more
complex movements like pulling to stand
and walking. If your baby is crawling you
can try getting down on the floor and
crawling around with her or playing a game
of chasey.
 Stand up with support : For instance by
holding your hand or the furniture and he
might walk by holding on to your hands or
some furniture and might even be walking
on his own.
 Use fingers : They getting better at using
their hands and fingers and will probably
use his fingers to feed himself at most
meals.
2 – 6 Years 2 – 4 Years
 Stand without help : Your toddler might
stand up without needing help from you
or the furniture in these months and will
probably start to walk on her own.
 Climbing : After she try to walk by their
ownself and then they might climb stairs
or even the furniture by own.
 Meals : They start to use and hold the
spoon and fork, feed themselves by their
owns. Drink milk using a cup but probably
still spill the milk.
 Wear clothes : Try to help when you are
putting on them clothes, often by holding
out her arms for sleeves or putting their
foot up for shoes and else.
 Gross motor skills : You can help your kids
to build their confidence in doing things
themselves by letting them help you
around the house with chores like
sweeping or dusting and she will feel very
proud when she is a good helper.

5 – 6 Years
 Gross motor skills : Your pre-schooler loves
to moving and being active and they better
at walking down steps for example using
the rail with alternating feet, throwing,
catching and kicking a ball, running,
climbing, jumping, hopping and balancing
on one foot.
 Fine motor skills : They also try to improve
their fine motor skills such as they can cut
with child sfae scissors and write their first
name and some letter. He might also be
able to draw a circle and make detailed
drawings of people with body parts and
clothes.
 Play cook with them : This will help the kids
to get interested in healthy food and you
can give them simple things to do such as
tossing a salad or putting together
sandwiches with them.
 Learn new things : Your child can learn
how to ride a bike, jump rope, balance on
one foot for a short period of time, walk
downstairs without needing to hold your
hand, skip and catch a large ball and many
6 year olds kid will also be interested in
playing team sports like soccer and else.
 Improving fine motor skills : Your childs
fine motor skills are improving which leads
to more independence with things like
tying shoelaces, using zips and buttons and
brushing hair. They might still find it hard
to cut up his food with a knife but they
enjoys the chance of practise.
 ACTIVITY FOR SOCIAL-
EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT

AGE AGE RANGE / ACTIVITY

Birth – 1 Years Birth – 6 Months
 Parents face : Your baby might be able to
follow your face with their eyes. At around
this age your face is the most interesting thing
to your baby. They also would like to look at
toys with contrasting colours like red, black,
white, blue, yellow and orange. Your baby
also will enjoy the toys with faces or patterns
like swirls or checks.
 Strong bond : Your baby has made a strong
bond with you already and they can
recognises you and responds to your voice
and smile. They even started smiling
themselves from about six weeks old.
 Follow you with her eyes : At this age your
baby understands that voices and faces go
together especially their parents and that’s
because they has formed strong attachment
to you. They might follow you with their eyes
and enjoy smiling at you back. When you try
to speak to them, they might even echo at
you back.
 Show more emotion : Your baby is starting to
show more emotion and might laugh out loud,
smile when they sees and hears things they
likes and make sounds like ‘ah-goo’. They
might even try talking to you in ‘coos’ and
other sounds. When you try to talk they will
listen and try to reply and when they alone,
you might hear them babbling to themselves.
 Be aware : Around this time, your baby might
seem more aware or afraid of grown ups they
does not know well. This is the beginning of
 stranger anxiety. It is a normal part of learning
to feel safe in the world and if you give your
child time, they will eventually get used to
these new people.

7 Months – 1 Years
 Baby loves to play : At this age, your baby
loves playing with you and really enjoys
playing peekaboo, ringing bells and finding
toys. They also will copying what you do and
making funny sounds or animal noises
together with you are lots of fun for your
baby. Playing together also helps baby feel
loved and secure.
 Common sense : Your baby might even prefer
a particular person and this could be you, your
partner or another close family member or
carer. They also have separation anxiety and
anxiety around strangers is pretty common at
this age and it might help to know that these
are normal parts of child development.
 Understand with ‘no’ : Your baby will also
understand when you say ‘no’ or wave
goodbye. And they also turn when they hears
their name or another sound like a doorbell
and something else. They also look for familiar
objects when you name them and even
respond to ‘come here’.
 Communicate in many ways : Your baby is
communicating in many ways such as
pointing, grunting, nodding, waving and often
trying to talk to you too. Their babbling
sounds more like a conversation and they
might say a couple of single words she
understands like ‘dada’ and ‘mama’.
 More comfortable around strangers : Over the
past few months you baby has learned to
show emotions like caution and fear. But now
they might start to feel more comfortable
around strangers and show fewer signs of
stranger anxiety than they used to. They also
more aware of their own need’s and let you
know what they want’s.
2 Years – 6 Years 2 – 4 Years
 Strong attachments : When it comes to
emotions, your child has developed strong
attachments to the people they loves. You will
find your toddler gives you lots of cuddles and
kisses. But they might also be very aware of
themselves and even embarrassed when they
realises other people are looking at them. If
 they separated from you, they might get
upset and this is known as a separation
anxiety is quite normal at this age.
 Experience new emotions : At this age, your
toddler starts to experience new emotions
like anger and frustration, guilt, shame,
possessiveness and excitement. These ‘big’
emotions can be hard to deal with for your
toddler and you might see some temper
tantrums as a result.
 Feelings : Your toddler is going through lots of
emotions while also learning about other
people’s feelings. Temper tantrums are
normal, because children often don’t know
how to put words to ‘big’ emotions like
frustration, anger, embarrassment, guilt and
shame.
 Mind and emotions : During this year your
child really starts to understand that their
body, mind and emotions are their own. They
knows the difference of between feeling
happy, sad, afraid or angry.
 Fear of imaginary things : Your child also fear
of imaginary things, cares about how others
act and shows affection for familiar people.
And as they gets more confident they also will
get better at handling their emotions.

5 – 6 Years
 Imaginary friends : At this age as a pre-
schooler they also likes to be around people.
They might want to please and be like their
preschool age friends. Imaginary friends could
be important to them too. As part of getting
along with others, you might hear them saying
sorry, aggreing to rules and being pleased
when good things happen to other people.
 Starting school : Your child might be feel so
anxious about starting school. Talking to them
about this and even visiting the school
together can help them feel less worried.
 Telling lies : In this year, your child might hide
the truth about things sometimes, or even
start telling lies and for example, he might say
‘I did not do it’ even when he did. This is a
normal part of your preschooler’s child
development.
 Fantasy and drama : Your child’s pretend play
is more complex now, filled with lots of
fantasy and drama. You might also notice that
your child can play with the others to achieve
 a common goal and for example working
together to build one big sandcastle. They
might also be able to work things out if
another child does not want to play a
particular game.
 Friendships : Your child also enjoys making
friends and being a friend. Freidnship give
them a sense of belonging and help them
learn and practise basic social skills like
sharing and negotiating.
 ACTIVITY FOR
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT

AGE RANGE AGE / ACTIVITY

Birth – 1 Years Birth – 6 Months
 Talk to them a lot : Conversation in the first
few months lays the groundwork for language
development. Provide simple descriptions of
what you and your baby see, hear and smell.
Use basic words to communicate ideas and
emotions and speak in an endearing tone.
 Imitate them : Your baby has been imitating
your sounds since the beginning. When the
babbling increases, repeat the sounds back
exactly. Try to encourage them to respond
and imitate you. Clap and cheer whenever
there is a related response.
 Provide quiet time : It might seem strange but
periodically eliminating the sounds of the
television, radio or computer can strengthen
your baby’s language skills by giving them
time to practice without distraction.
 Play peek-a-boo : This simple turn taking
game is good practice for how to have a
conversation later on. Try hiding behind a
book, a pillow or a scarf. You also can play
peek-a-boo by holding your baby in front of a
mirror and then moving away from your
reflection. Move back in front of the mirror
and say “peek-a-boo!”.
 Sing a song : You can sing any songs that you
know or make up songs about your baby such
as (“Happy bathtime to you, happy bathtime
 to you, happy bathtime to you, happy bathtime sweet
baby, happy bathtime to you”). You don’t have to be
on key or be good at carrying a tune because a babies
do not judge but they love to hearing your voice.

7 Months – 1 Years
 Talk while having a bath : Talk to your baby as
you give him a bath, feed him and get him
dressed. Talk about what you are doing and
where you are going. Tell them who or what
you will see.
 Animal sounds : Teach them them about
animal sounds and talk to them about animal
sounds. This step may helps your baby to
connect the sound and the animal. For
instance, use words like “the dog sounds
woof-woof”.
 Add on to what they says : When your baby
says something you can add on to what your
baby says such as “mama” and you can say
“here is mama. Mama loves you. Where is
baby? Here is baby”.
 Read something : Read a simple book to your
child and you don’t have to read every word
but you can talk about the pictures. Choose a
books that are sturdy and have large colourful
pictures. Ask your child “what’s this?” and try
to get them to point to or name the objects.
 Say sound : As a parents you can teach them
how to pronounce the simple sound or simple
words such as “ma”,”da” and “ba”. Try to get
your baby to say them back to you.
2 – 6 Years 2 – 4 Years
 Repetition : You have to repeat what your
child says to show that you understand. Add
on what they says such ad use words like
“want juice? I have juice. I have apple juice.
Do you want apple juice?”.
 Ask questions : Help your child to understand
and ask them questions. Play the ‘yes-no’
game. Ask questions such as “are you Marty?”
and “can a dog fly?”. Have your child make up
questions and try to fool you
 Learn new words : Help your child learn new
words. Name body parts and talk about what
you do with them. “This is my nose. I can
smell flowers, brownies and soap”.
 Play games : Place familiar objects in a box.
Have your child take one out and tell ask them
to tell you its name and how to use it. “This is
my ball. I bounce it. I play with it”.
  Make a story : Show pictures of familiar
people and places. Talk about who they are
and what happened. Try making up new
stories with them.

5 – 6 Years

 New words : Keep helping your child learn

new words. Say a new word and tell them
what it means or use it in a way that helps
them understand. For instance, you can use
the word “vehicle” instead of “car”. You can
say, “I think I will drive the vehicle to the
store. I am too tired to walk”.
 State the place : Talk about where things are
using words like “first”, “middle”, “last” or
“right and left”. Talk about opposites like “up
and down” or “on and off”.
 Watch movies : You can watch movies
together on TV or a using a tablet. Talk about
what your child is watching. Have them guess
what might happen next. Talk about the
characters. Are they happy or sad? Ask them
to tell you what happened in the story. Act
out a scene together or make up a different
ending.
 Doing tasks : Use everyday tasks to learn
language such as talk about the foods on the
menu and their color, texture and taste when
in the kitchen. Talk about where to put things.
Ask them to put the napkin on the table in
your lap or under the spoon. Talk about who
the napkin belongs to. Say, “it is my napkin”
or “it is daddy’s napkin”.
 Grocery tasks : Go grocery shopping together
and talk about what you will buy, how many
things you need and what you will make. Talk
about sizes, shapes and weight.
 ACTIVITY FOR
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

AGE RANGE AGE / ACTIVITY

Birth – 6 Years Birth – 6 Months
 Learn a lot : Your baby is also learning a lot as you
spend time together every day. Their brain is
growing and developing as they sees, hears and
touches the world around them.
 Cry and fuss more : Around this time, most babies
will be might cry and fuss more and this is a normal
part of development and will pass in time. Every
baby is different but crying and fussing usually peaks
around 6-8 weeks and starts to settle at around 12-
16 weeks.
 Follow you with their eyes : At this age your baby
understands that voices and faces go together and
especially yours. That’s because they has formed a
strong attachment to you. They might follow you
with their eyes and enjoy smiling at you. When you
speak to them, they might even echo at you back.
 Know parents voice : Over their first few months,
your baby has learned to know your voice and
remember what you look like and understand that
you respond when they needs you. At about five
months old, they starting to form a stronger
attachment to you. They also got to know other
close family members and carers well and
understands who they are.
 Learn to know themselves : At age 5 – 6 months
your baby is learning about who them is. They also
working out the difference between parents,
caregivers, strangers, adults and children. At this
age, they made important attachments to their
parents and other close family members or carers
and likes spending time with them.
 7 Months – 1 Years
 Play is important : As a parents we know that play is
important for our child and it is how they develops
thinking, imagination and creativity. Your toddler
might particularly enjoy games like finding hidden
toys and pointing to body parts or familiar toys
when you ask them to.
 Feeling : Your child is also beginning to think about
how they feels and might link their feelings with
words such as they might tell you the ‘sad’. They
might show affection by giving you a kiss or hugging
a doll which is also part of developing empathy.
 Imagination : This is an exciting time for your baby.
Their imagination comes alive now. They also better
at remembering things like their favourite people,
toys and books. Such as show them favourite dolls.
 Learn more about their world : Around this time
your baby starts to working out how to learn more
about their own world. Such as, they will look closely
at objects like rings or bells, uncover toys after
seeing them hidden, bang blocks together and look
for them when they drop them. They will still put
most things into their mouth too.
 Growth spurt : At this age your baby is having a
growth spurt in their brain. This improves their
memory and you might notice them forming
stronger attachments to their favourite people, toys
and books. Such as show the baby a photo of their
favourite people.
2 – 6 Years 2 – 4 Years
 Thinking : Your child is starting to understand
concepts like time and opposites for example you
can ask them about time “when you have to take a
nap baby girl?” or ask them about opposites “that
house big or not?”. And they also starting to
remember what some things look like such as apple
look red and round.
 Fascinated by the world around them : They will
curious about something that have around them and
they will ask lot of question such as ‘who’,’what’ and
‘why’.
 Memory developing : You have to know that your
child memory is developing for example, they can
remember nursery rhymes and might even repeat
them back to you.
 Revise : They also start to point out letters and
number that they remembers and name them, and
can count up to four objects and sort them by colour
and shape.
 They learn more : Your kids will understand more
about opposites for example high or low, know the
 names of letters and numbers out of order and
count to 10.

5 – 6 Years
 Pay attention : Your child can pay attention for
longer. They understands simple concepts like time
‘today’,’tomorrow’,’yesterday’ and knows the
seasons, recognises some words by sight and tries to
sound out words. They might even read on their
own.
 Make new friends : Your child is better at seeing
other people’s points of view, which helps them to
make new friends and meet new people around
their environment.
 Lots of questions : Be prepared to answer a lot of
question that your kids will ask you because in this
time the kids keeps exploring the world around
them.
 Small experiments : At this age you might find that
they would do small experiments to see how things
work for instance they might fill up the toilet with
soap and flush it just to see what happens next.
 Relationship : Your child has a much better
understanding of the relationship between cause
and effect. They begins to see how their actions
affect other people, although sometimes they still
seems self-centred.
 MY
PINKY
BOOK