Objectives -

 Sub netting

 CIDR

 Subnet Mask

 Formula for sub netting

 Class C Sub netting

 Class B Sub netting

 Class A Sub netting

With the rapid growth of the internet & the
ever-increasing demand for new IP
addresses, the standard address class
structure has been expanded by borrowing
bits from the Host portion to allow for more
Networks.
 Dividing a single network into multiple
networks.
 Converting Host bits into network bits. i.e.
converting 0’s into 1’s.
 Sub netting can be done in three ways.
• Requirement of Network
• Requirement of Host
• / Notation
 The key concept of sub netting is borrowing
bits from the host portion of the network to
create a sub network.
 Rules govern this borrowing, ensuring that
some bits are left for a Host ID.
 The rules require that two bits remain available
to use for the Host ID.
Bits available for Creating Subnets

Bits available
Address class Network bits Host bits
for subnet

CLASS A 8 24 24-2 = 22

CLASS B 16 16 16-2 = 14

CLASS C 24 8 8-2 = 6
 Sub Net mask value
Binary place
value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 192

Binary
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 224

Digit
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 240
Decimal
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 248 Equivalent
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 252
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 254
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255
CIDR – Classless Inter-Domain Routing.

CIDR addressing method allows the use of a prefix to

designate the number of network bits in the mask

For Example: 200.15.1.53/25 (CIDR Notation)

In this example the CIDR value is /25 means the first 25

bits in the mask are network bits (1s)
Subnet mask : It is used to determine the network portion and
Host portion of an IP address.

Address Class Subnet mask Octet Format

CLASS A 255.0.0.0 N.H.H.H

CLASS B 255.255.0.0 N.N.H.H

CLASS C 255.255.255.0 N.N.N.H

N = Network H = Host
Network = 2n [n = number of ON bits (1’s)]
Host = 2h [h = number of OFF bits (0’s)]
Valid Host = Host – 2 *

 * First IP (Host) of Network is use for network address

 * Last IP (Host) of network is use for Broadcast address
IP Address 192.168.1.0
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Binary format 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Network Bits Host Bits
 192.168.1.0 divided into in 64 Hosts.
Subnet mask : 255.255.255.0
Binary form : 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
CIDR : /24
Network : 2n => 22 =4 n = no. of
ON bits.
Host : 2h => 26 = 64 h = no. of
Valid Host : Host – 2 => 64 – 2 = 62 OFF bits
Block size : 256 – 192 = 64
New Binary form : 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
New Subnet mask : 255.255.255.192
New CIDR : /26
 192.168.1.0 divided into in 64 Hosts.

No Network/Network
Broadcast ID First Host Last Host
. ID

1 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.62

2 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.65 192.168.1.126

3 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.190

4. 192168.1.192 192.168.1.255 192.168.1.193 192.168.1.254

 172.18.0.0 divided into in 8 Networks.
Subnet mask : 255.255.0.0
Binary form : 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
CIDR : /16
Network : 2n => 23 =8 n = no. of
ON bits.
Host : 2h => 213 = 8192 h = no. of
Valid Host : Host – 2 => 8192 – 2 = 8190 OFF bits
Block Size : 256 – 224 = 32

New Binary form : 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000

New Subnet mask : 255.255.224.0
New CIDR : /19
 172.18.0.0 divided into in 8 Networks.
S No Network/Network ID Broadcast ID First Host Last Host

1 172.18.0.0 172.18.31.255 172.18.0.1 172.18.31.254

2 172.18.32.0 172.18.63.255 172.18.32.1 172.18.63.254

3 172.18.64.0 172.18.91.255 172.18.64.1 172.18.91.254

4 172.18.92.0 172.18.127.255 172.18.92.1 172.18.127.254

5 172.18.128.0 172.18.159.255 172.18.128.1 172.18.159.254

6 172.18.160.0 172.18.191.255 172.18.160.1 172.18.191.254

7 172.18.192.0 172.18.223.255 172.18.192.1 172.18.223.254

8 172.18.224.0 172.18.255.255 172.18.224.1 172.18.255.254

 Find the Broadcast ID of this network 110.60.21.15/11
Subnet mask : 255.0.0.0
Binary form : 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
CIDR : /8
: 2n n = no. of
Network => 23 =8
Host : 2h => 221 = 2097152 ON bits.
Valid Host : Host – 2 => 2097152 – 2 = 2097150 h = no. of
OFF bits
Block Size : 256 – 224 = 32

New Binary form : 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000

New Subnet mask : 255.224.0.0
New CIDR : /11
 Find the Broadcast ID of this address 110.60.21.15/11
S No Network/Network ID Broadcast ID First Host Last Host

1 110.0.0.0 110.31.255.255 110.0.0.1 110.31.255.254

22 110.32.0.0
110.32.0.0 110.63.255.255 110.32.0.1 110.63.255.254

3 110.64.0.0 110.91.255.255 110.64.0.1 110.91.255.254

4 110.92.0.0 110.127.255.255 110.92.0.1 110.127.255.254

5 110.128.0.0 110.159.255.255 110.128.0.1 110.159.255.254

6 110.160.0.0 110.191.255.255 110.160.0.1 110.191.255.254

7 110.192.0.0 110.223.255.255 110.192.0.1 110.223.255.254

8 110.224.0.0 110.255.255.255 110.224.0.1 110.255.255.254

Thanks