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Inter-Patient Heart-Beat Classification Using Complete ECG Beat Time Series by Alignment of R-Peaks Using SVM and Decision Rule
Inter-Patient Heart-Beat Classification Using Complete ECG Beat Time Series by Alignment of R-Peaks Using SVM and Decision Rule
Abstract—An ElectroCardiogram (ECG) inter-patient heart- of auricles and ventricles, caused by the action potential gener-
beat time series classification method by a hierarchical system of ated by Sino-Atrial (SA) node,the natural pacemaker of Heart
based on support vector machine and Decision rule, using full This polarisation and depolarisation causes the auricles or
heart-beat time series by alignment of R-peaks of all beats, is
proposed. PQRST Time series of heart-beats having converted ventricles to relax and contract respectively. P wave occurs by
into equal length series by alignment of R-peaks of all heart-beats the depolarization of auricles (atrium) and hence contracting
based on R-peak of largest length PQRST series in the data and the auricles. This takes approximately 0.1 sec duration. QRS
by padding zeroes to the smaller length series on either side, was complex/wave occurs by the depolarization of the ventricles.
used in this experimentation. The main objective of this paper is This depolarisation causes the ventricles to contract so that
to identify the abnormalities in ECG heart beats based on AAMI
Categorization. Experiments were conducted on ECG data of 44 the right ventricle and left ventricle pumps the impure blood
patients obtained from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. Results and pure blood to lungs and arteries respectively. This QRS
were compared with existing methods such as weighted support complex represents the ventricles depolarizing, and completes
vector machine (SVM), hierarchical SVM and weighted linear in about 0.04 sec to 0.12 sec duration. T wave occurs due
discriminant analysis (LDA). Comparative analysis confirms the to the re-polarization of ventricles. During the T wave, the
viability and superiority of the proposed approach in terms of
Total classification accuracy (TCA). Proposed system achieved ventricles are re-polarizing or relaxing about 0.27 sec. The
Sensitivities of 98.7%, 85.9%, 88.8%, 58.3%, PPV% of 98.53%, heart diseases change the shapes of P, QRS and T waves from
82.2%, 89.9%, 85.6% for N, S, V and F classes respectively and the normal class [4]. Based on the recommendations of AAMI,
a TCA of 97.3%. MIT-BIH labeled types are grouped into five more clinically
relevant heart beat classes as shown in Table I.
I. I NTRODUCTION
TABLE I
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of AAMI LABELS INMIT-BIH
death globally as more people die annually from CVDs than
# Class MIT-BIH Class (label) AAMI
from any other cause. 80% of these CVD deaths take place
1 . or N Normal (1)
in low and middle income countries. It is evident that early 2 L Left Bundle Branch Block (2)
detection followed by timely treatment of these diseases have 3 R Right Bundle Branch blocks (3) N
prevented these premature deaths in High Income countries. 4 j Nodal (junctional) escape (11)
5 e Atrial Escape (34)
ECG as a non-invasive diagnostic method, is economical 6 a Aberrated Atrial premature (4)
among all cardiac-related investigations. Automated digitized 7 J Nodal (junctional) premature (7)
ECG analysis can help doctors in assessing the condition of 8 A Atrial premature (8) S
heart-patient effectively. The main objective of this work is 9 S Supraventricular premature (9)
10 V Ventricle Premature contraction(5) V
to identify the abnormalities in ECG heart beats based on 11 E Ventricular escape (10)
the categorization scheme recommended by the Association 12 F Fusion of ventricular&normal (6) F
for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation(AAMI) [1] 13 /or p Paced beat (12)
using the ECG heart beat data obtained from MIT-BIH Ar- 14 f Fusion of Paced and Normal (38) Q
15 Q Unclassifiable beat (13)
rhythmia database [2].
DS2 100, 103, 105, 111, 113, 117, 121, 123, 200, 202, 210, F-class
212, 213, 214, 219, 221, 222, 228, 231, 232, 233 & 234
RR yes
interval >
no
0.8 ?
II. P REPROCESSING & F EATURE E XTRACTION
A. Preprocessing of ECG Heart-beat Data S-class N-class
TABLE IV
SVM+RULE R ESULTS ON DATA S ET 2
SVM Total Beats False Positives True Positives Total Total ACC
File N S V F N S V F N S V F TP Beats %
100 2239 33 1 0 23 30 22 0 2188 10 0 0 2198 2273 96.7
103 2082 2 0 0 2 19 7 1 2055 0 0 0 2055 2084 98.6
105 2526 0 41 0 2 0 29 0 2497 0 39 0 2536 2572 98.79
111 2123 0 1 0 1 0 12 0 2110 0 0 0 2110 2124 99.3
113 1789 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1789 6 0 0 1795 1795 100
117 1534 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1534 1 0 0 1535 1535 100
121 1861 1 1 0 1 0 7 0 1854 0 1 0 1855 1863 99.5
123 1515 0 3 0 0 0 15 0 1500 0 3 0 1503 1518 99
200 1743 30 826 2 118 3 6 0 1737 0 737 0 2474 2601 95.3
202 2061 55 19 1 35 0 17 0 2055 12 17 0 2072 2136 97.0
210 2423 22 195 10 67 27 0 0 2380 0 176 0 2556 2650 96.4
212 2748 0 0 0 0 71 21 0 2656 0 0 0 2656 2748 96.7
213 2641 28 220 362 110 0 57 24 2626 0 209 225 3060 3251 94.1
214 2003 0 256 1 37 0 12 2 1993 0 218 0 2211 2262 97.7
219 2082 7 64 1 42 0 0 0 2082 0 30 0 2112 2154 98.1
221 2031 0 396 0 8 2 36 11 1993 0 377 0 2370 2427 97.6
222 2274 209 0 0 119 82 10 0 2182 90 0 0 2272 2483 91.5
228 1688 3 362 0 87 2 9 0 1678 0 277 0 1955 2053 95.2
231 1568 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 1568 0 0 0 1568 1571 99.8
232 398 1382 0 0 23 347 0 0 51 1359 0 0 1410 1780 79.2
233 2230 7 831 11 73 1 6 0 2230 0 769 0 2999 3079 97.4
234 2700 50 3 0 23 50 17 0 2633 30 0 0 2663 2753 96.7
Total 44259 1837 3221 388 654 340 320 38 43689 1578 2861 226 48354 49707 97.3
%Se 98.71 85.9 88.8 58.3 PPV 98.53 82.27 89.94 85.6 TCA 97.3