A128, Chapter 9: Computing some integrals (pp. 189-205) Date: Guapeer Goslar) © Underatond bow to uae basis urmmetion Tormalas to evaluate more complex sums. + Understand how to compute limits of rational functions at infinity. © Understand how to use the basic summation formulas and the limit rules you learned in this chapter to evaluate some definite integrals. ‘Assignments: Assignment 19 Assignment 20 ‘The rules and formulas given below allow us to compute fairly easly Riemann sums where the number n of subintervals ie rather large. We can also get compact and manageable expressions for the sum 90 that we can readily investigate what happens as n. approaches infinity. » [Summation rules:] [sri] a ne {sea} Sea) Sea [srs] Slt) = ath it = et Hotei] The summations rules are nothing but the usual rules of arithmetic rewritten in the P novation For example, [sra] is nothing but the distributive law of arithmetic cay + ean +++ Cn = C(t +02 +--+ on) {srs} is nothing but the commutative law of addition (ay bt) + (a2 Ba) +++ + (dn bn) = (an + 2 + +n) + (by + bp +-+- + bn) > [Suinmation formulas] ef) Soe = OEY (ot) Spee = Meta = im el Proof: In the ease of [ti], let § denote the sum of the integers 1,2,8,....m- Lat us write this sum § twice wre at lint the terms in the sum in increasing order whereas we list them in decreasing order the second time 2 1 arr + on S= n tn-1+ Heol If we now add the terms along the vertical columns, we obtain 25 = (ntl +(nti+ +41) = not) ‘This gives our desired formula, once we divide both sides of the above equality by 2. In the case of (sf), let S denote the sum of the integers 17,2?,3%,...,n2. The trick is to consider the sum e+ yF- |. On the one hand, this new sum collapses to ra a2) + RAD + OW + + 04 — foeaet) + (ng 1)? WY) = (n+ 1)? — P= nh Se Se On the other hand, using our summation rules together with [sf] gives us ee #1 Shor? + 3k-+ 1] spe eayee ye 354 3%@tD on a a a eC ES Equating the right hand sides of the above identities gives us: 35-+3 oe tna If we solve for $ and properly factor the terms, we obtain our desired expression. 121[More summation rules:] The next formulas can be verified in a sequential order using the same type of trick used in the proof for [sfa]. ‘The proofs get increasingly more tedious. [sf] yee 2 Pes [sta] Sov Mele se te) Example 1:] Evaluate the sum Soe 8) a 4 a ‘ AS - 2) g DEke)= Tey + Te = 5 me 208 = 5: > a eI es eee woo = ro phy al (3 [sr] KO vo jae “Ep ae) = 545472 = [249 )<— 8 Evaluate the sum pee +8k+1). = 5.204 + @ 3644 = Lael er 1 6?) aC = (78-21) +6 = | $3 122Example 4:] Evaluate the sum (2 + 5h), = es (2 2)+ s(2i®) k=3 120 acd -2-4e 45 ( te _ a) 2248 +5 (5050-3) = [25,431 Evaluate the sum 1+5+10415+204++-+245, Reait tu Sen 49 ce S102 t3 th wm +49) ine (E kK) = les. #69 =l+ 5.1225 = 6,12¢[— Example 6:] Evaluate the sum 24+ 27430+934+36+---490. Obsewe rat Han Huns ae of Ha forme : ZBQ+ FT + Zloe Zell + ZW+ ---- + 330 = Be 9+ lone to $32) 3( 3 2(2*)- (2+ ~2.") = 3.( 3 _ Bye 2 (465-28) = [3 J~ 123 4