adi, WARNS INDEX Protein 1 Heme metabolism 2 Enzymes 18 Hemoglobin & Myoglobin 81 Carbohydrates 35 Plasma proteins 91 ATP 41 (mmunoglobulin 94 Lipids 44 Hemostasis 9 Cardiac Biomarkers 105 Biological Membrane The Extracellular Matrix 64 Don’t forget to ask for other Chapters at Auto-cross center © i ll—_— na Protein Chemistry © Protein: macromolecules (polymer) made of many a- amino acids ‘Amino acid = (monomer of protein ) anal wr | * & carbon :-is the first carbon attached to carboxylic group “COOH” *_@- amino acids :- mean that the amino “NH,” group Is attached to a- carbon * Over 300 amino acids occur in nature, but only 20 are enter in protein synthesis during translation. “have specific tRNA” {Common Group Acids & Bases Polar & Non-Polar- L Acid Base Polar ‘Non-Polar_ €.8, Carboxylic Group (COOH) | eg. Amino Group (Nha) Hydrophilic | Hydrophobic Proton donor Proton acceptor | Charged “Relative” [Not Charged ' Or Form H-Bond | NoW-Bond Negative (-Ve) Charged | Positive (+Ve) Charged | All Amino Acids are soluble in water as they contain carboxvlic & Amino group. @ Classification of amino acids 1+ Chemical 2biological 3- metabolic 4 polarityProtein Chemistry 1-Aliphatic “No Ring” amino acids a Monoamino monocarboxylic “ * Small (Glycine “2c” — Alanine “3e") © Branched chain eutrs (Valine “SC” — Leucine “6C” — Isoleucine “6C”) - —— ‘* Hydroxyl - containing (Serine “3” —Threonine “4c”) « Sulfur- containing (Cysteine “3C’-Methionine “5C”) + Amide derivatives (Aspargine “4C’- Glutamine SC") b- Monoamino dicaboxvlic (Acidic) :- (Aspartic acid “4c” Glutamic acid “SC”) c- Diamino monocaboxvlic (Basic) :- (Arginine “6C” - Lysine “6C") _Chemical classification (Based on structure of the R group) 2-Aromatic amino acids —_3-Heterocyclic amino acids (Contain benzene ring) ‘AK (Contain a ring not benzene) * Phenylalanine © Proline "Pyrrole ring” * Tyrosine (has “OH”) * Histidine "imidazole ring" = Tryptophan = Tryptophan “indole ring” NB Profine :- is nota true amino acid ; but an imino "NH acid (no amino group) Histidine Auginine :~ contain guanidine group Cysteine :- the only amino acid contains "SH" = Thiol = sulfhydryl group. Methionine :- acts as methyl 'CH3" donor. ‘Tyrosine :- hydroxyl phenylalanine. “Can be synthesized from phenyl alanine”. Serine :-fydioryl alanine , Contain primary alcohol group 89 yi, Threonine :- Contain secondary alcohol group. \\ one of the basic amino acid.