THIRD EDITION
Antennas
For All Applications
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John B. Kraus Ronald. Marhetka
att] —ANTENNAS
JOHN D. KRAUS
Second EditionSYMBOLS, PREFIXES
AND ABBREVIATIONS
See inside back cover for Constants and Conversions
A ampere HH
A angstrom = 107° m HPBW
A vector potential, Wb m~* Hz
A,@ area, m? Ay
A, collecting aperture Li
A, effective aperture J
Am maximum effective aperture ds
Ae effective aperture, receiving I
Ay effective aperture, transmitting = K
A, geometric aperture KK
A, physical aperture Kk
A scattering aperture k
AR axial ratio kg
AU astronomical unit L
a atto = 107'* (prefix) L
a unit vector t
B,B magnetic fiux density, LL
T= Wbm?* ‘
B susceptance, & Lep
B susceptance/unit length, m=! LEP
BWFN beam width, first nuils In
Cc coulomb log
c capacitance, F M
c capacitance/unit length, m=‘ = M, M
Ce aconstant,c = velocity of light = M
oc cubic centimeter M,
Cc degree Celsius m
D,D — clectric flux density, C m-* m
D directivity min
d distance, m N
deg degree, angle Nin
dB decibel = 10 log (P/P ,) Np
dBi decibels over isotropic n
a element of length (salar), m a
a element of length (vector), m PP
ds element of surface (scalar), m* P
ds element of surface (vector), m? P
dv element of votume (scalar), m? P
EE electric fleld intensity, ¥ m- ‘ P,
E exa = 10°* (prefix)
emf electromotive force, ¥ Pp
e electric charge, C Qa
F farad R
F,F force,N R,
fF fernto = 107 '§ (prefix) RCP
f frequency, Hz REP
Ga giga = 10° (prefix) r
G conductance, & r
G conductance/unit length, 3 m7"
G gain -
& gram rad
H heary sad?
:
magnetic field, A m=*
half-power beam width
hertz = 1 cycle per second
effective height
current, A
joule
current density, A m=?
jansky, 10-?° Wm? Hz~*
kelvin
shect-current density, Am” *
a constant
kilo = 10° (prefix)
kilogram
inductance, H
inductance/unit length, H m~*
liter
length (scalar), m
length (vector), m
left citculatly polarized
Jeft clliptically polarized
natural logarithm (base ¢}
common logarithm (base 10)
mega = 10° (prefix)
magnetization, A m*'
polarization state of wave
polarization state of antenna
meter
milli = 10~* (prefix}
minute
newton
ountber {imteger)
neper
nano = 107° (prefix)
unit vector normal to a surface
polarization of dielectric, C m=?
peta = 10"? (prefix) ]
polarization state = Ply. 8)
power, W
“nuunalized power pattern,
dimensionless
pico = 10 ‘*? (prefix)
charge, C
resistance, 2
‘tadiation resistance
right-circular polarization
Tight-elliptical polarization
revolution
radius,
direction |
unit vector in 7 direction
radian
square radian = steradian ~ gp
Iso coordinate
ge pag
“4
e
NNNS nek Mees age eect aa
Poynting vector, W m=?
flux density, W m~? Hz-*
distance, m; also surface area, m?
second (of time)
steradian = square radian = rad?
tesla = Wb m7?
tera = 10°? (prefix)
time, s
radiation intensity, W se!
volt
voltage (also emf), ¥
emf (electromotive force), V
velocity, m 3!
watt
weber
energy density, J m7?
reactance, 2
reactance/unit length, Q m=?
unil vector in x direction
coordinate direction
admittance, U
admittance/unit length, 0 m~?
unit vector in y direction
coordinate direction
impedance, @
impedance/unit length, 2 m=?
intrinsic impedance, conductor,
per square
intrinsic impedance, dielectric,
per square
load impedance, Q
tansvetse impedance, rectangular
waveguide, Q
transverse impedance, cylindrical
waveguide. 2
intrinsic impedance, space, 0 per
square
characteristic impedance,
transmission fine, Q
unit vector in z direction
coordinate direction, also red
shift
(alpha) angle, deg or rad
attenuation constant, nep m=!
(beta) angle, deg or tad; also
phase constant = 2n/i
(gamma) angle, deg ot rad
é
e
DANSE TEA Seager ey
(delta) angle, deg or rad
(epsilon) permittivity (dielectric
constant), F m7?
stray factor
relative permittivity
permittivity of vacuum, F m-'
(eta)
(theta) angle, deg or rad
(theta) unit vector in @ direction
(kappa) constant
(lambda) wavelength, m
Iree-space wavelength
(mu) permeability, H m=!
relative permeability
permeability of vacuum, H m=!
(nu)
&xi)
(pi) = 3.1416
(tho) electric charge density,
Cm *: also mass density,
kg m-
teflection coefficient,
dimensionless
surface charge density, C m-?
linear charge density, C m~
(sigma) conductivity, U m~!
radar cross section
(tau) tilt angle, polarization
ellipse, deg or rad
transmission coefficient
(phi) angle, deg or rad
(phi) unit vector in ¢ direction
(chi) susceptibility, dimensionless
(psi) angle, deg or rad
magnetic flux, Wb
(capital omega) ohm
(capital omega) solid angle, st or
deg?
beam area
main beam area
minor lobe area
(upsidedown capital omega} mho
@ = 1/25, siemens)
(omega) angular frequency
{= Inf), rad 57!