CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials
from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the
transportation of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient
transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in the material
handling and packaging industries. They also have popular consumer applications, as they are
often found in supermarkets and airports, constituting the final leg of item/ bag delivery to
customers. Many kinds of conveying systems are available and are used according to the various
needs of different industries. There are chain conveyors (floor and overhead) as well. Chain
conveyors consist of enclosed tracks, I-Beam, towline, power & free, and hand pushed trolleys.

A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system (often shortened to belt
conveyor). A belt conveyor system is one of many types of conveyor systems. A belt conveyor
system consists of two or more pulleys (sometimes referred to as drums), with an endless loop of
carrying medium—the conveyor belt—that rotates about them. One or both of the pulleys are
powered, moving the belt and the material on the belt forward. The powered pulley is called the
drive pulley while the unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley. There are two main industrial
classes of belt conveyors; Those in general material handling such as those moving boxes along
inside a factory and bulk material handling such as those used to transport large volumes of
resources and agricultural materials, such as grain, salt, coal, ore, sand, overburden and more.

Conveyors are durable and reliable components used in automated distribution and warehousing,
as well as manufacturing and production facilities. In combination with computer-controlled
pallet handling equipment this allows for more efficient retail wholesale, and manufacturing
distribution. It is considered a labor saving system that allows large volumes to move rapidly
through a process, allowing companies to ship or receive higher volumes with smaller storage
space and with less labor expense.
Rubber conveyor belts are commonly used to convey items with irregular bottom surfaces, small
items that would fall in between rollers (e.g. a sushi conveyor bar), or bags of product that would
sag between rollers. Belt conveyors are generally fairly similar in construction consisting of a
metal frame with rollers at either end of a flat metal bed. The belt is looped around each of the
rollers and when one of the rollers is powered (by an electrical motor) the belting slides across
the solid metal frame bed, moving the product. In heavy use applications the beds which the
belting is pulled over are replaced with rollers. The rollers allow weight to be conveyed as they
reduce the amount of friction generated from the heavier loading on the belting.
Belt conveyors can now be manufactured with curved sections which use tapered rollers and
curved belting to convey products around a corner. These conveyor systems are commonly used
in postal sorting offices and airport baggage handling systems. A sandwich belt conveyor uses
two conveyor belts, face-to-face, to firmly contain the item being carried, making steep incline
and even vertical-lift runs achievable.
Belt conveyors are the most commonly used powered conveyors because they are the most
versatile and the least expensive. Product is conveyed directly on the belt so both regular and
irregular shaped objects, large or small, light and heavy, can be transported successfully. These
conveyors should use only the highest quality premium belting products, which reduces belt
stretch and results in less maintenance for tension adjustments. Belt conveyors can be used to
transport product in a straight line or through changes in elevation or direction. In certain
applications they can also be used for static accumulation or cartons.

More about Conveyor Systems

Conveyor systems have been an integral and very important part of manufacturing and industrial
companies for over 100 years. Conveyor systems are mainstays in industries where quick and
fast handling of packaging and shipments is a must. These apparatuses are widely used to
transport and move large and heavy industrial and agricultural material. They are also used in
companies or industries where self-unloading of bulk freighters are needed for moving items.

Conveyor systems, often called conveyor belts, work by using two pulleys that continually loop
over the material that rotates over them. This is done with endless procession of hooks, gears,
buckets, and a wide rubber belt. The belt is then supported by a series of rollers along the path.
The rollers in the center of the device prevents the conveyor from sagging in the middle while it
is carrying a load.

Vertical conveyors and other types of conveyor systems are able to move a wide range of goods
and products in a multi-directional pattern. They are usually equipped with load transporting
platforms and drive chains. Conveyor systems are also made in a wide variety of sizes and
configurations.

Conveyor systems are not only found in industrial manufacturing sites, but also are commonly
found and used in grocery stores. These systems carry the groceries items from one end of the
checkout counter to the other where it bagged. Conveyor systems are also used for moving
sidewalks and escalators. How about the large, complex system of conveyors used in the airport
and post office? These conveyor systems are essential to move the sheer volume of luggage, mail
and packages from one place to another. They are the ideal means of reducing human labor by
automatically moving items, which can be large and heavy, to the desired location. Conveyor
systems often save companies a large amount of time and money.
Industries that use conveyor systems
A line shaft roller conveyor conveys boxed produce at a distribution center

A Conveyor belt conveys papers at a newspaper print plant

Roller conveyor for carton transport in the apparel industry

Conveyor systems are used widespread across a range of industries due to the numerous benefits
they provide.

 Conveyors are able to safely transport materials from one level to another, which when done
by human labor would be strenuous and expensive.
 They can be installed almost anywhere, and are much safer than using a forklift or other
machine to move materials.
 They can move loads of all shapes, sizes and weights. Also, many have advanced safety
features that help prevent accidents.
 There are a variety of options available for running conveying systems, including
the hydraulic, mechanical and fully automated systems, which are equipped to fit individual
needs.
Conveyor systems are commonly used in many industries, including the
Mining, automotive, agricultural, computer,electronic, foodprocessing, aerospace, pharmaceutica
l, chemical, bottling and canning, print finishing and packaging. Although a wide variety of
materials can be conveyed, some of the most common include food items such as beans and nuts,
bottles and cans, automotive components, scrap metal, pills and powders, wood and furniture and
grain and animal feed. Many factors are important in the accurate selection of a conveyor
system. It is important to know how the conveyor system will be used beforehand. Some
individual areas that are helpful to consider are the required conveyor operations, such as
transportation, accumulation and sorting, the material sizes, weights and shapes and where the
loading and pickup points need to be.

Care and maintenance of conveyor systems

A conveyor system is often the lifeline to a company’s ability to effectively move its product in a
timely fashion. The steps that a company can take to ensure that it performs at peak capacity,
include regular inspections and system audits, close monitoring of motors and reducers, keeping
key parts in stock, and proper training of personnel.
Increasing the service life of a conveyor system involves: choosing the right conveyor type, the
right system design and paying attention to regular maintenance practices.
A conveyor system that is designed properly will last a long time with proper maintenance. Here
are six of the biggest problems to watch for in overhead type conveyor systems including I-beam
monorails, enclosed track conveyors and power and free conveyors. Overhead conveyor systems
have been used in numerous applications from shop displays, assembly lines to paint finishing
plants and more.
Poor take-up adjustment: this is a simple adjustment on most systems yet it is often overlooked.
The chain take-up device ensures that the chain is pulled tight as it leaves the drive unit. As wear
occurs and the chain lengthens, the take-up extends under the force of its springs. As they
extend, the spring force becomes less and the take-up has less effect. Simply compress the take-
up springs and your problem goes away. Failure to do this can result in chain surging, jamming,
and extreme wear on the track and chain. Take-up adjustment is also important for any conveyor
using belts as a means to power rollers, or belts themselves being the mover. With poor-take up
on belt-driven rollers, the belt may twist into the drive unit and cause damage, or at the least a
noticeable decrease or complete loss of performance may occur. In the case of belt conveyors, a
poor take-up may cause drive unit damage or may let the belt slip off of the side of the chassis.
Lack of lubrication: chain bearings require lubrication in order to reduce friction. The chain pull
that the drive experiences can double if the bearings are not lubricated. This can cause the system
to overload by either its mechanical or electrical overload protection. On conveyors that go
through hot ovens, lubricators can be left on constantly or set to turn on every few cycles.
Contamination: paint, powder, acid or alkaline fluids, abrasives, glass bead, steel shot, etc. can
all lead to rapid deterioration of track and chain. Ask any bearing company about the leading
cause of bearing failure and they will point to contamination. Once a foreign substance lands on
the raceway of a bearing or on the track, pitting of the surface will occur, and once the surface is
compromised, wear will accelerate. Building shrouds around your conveyors can help prevent
the ingress of contaminants. Or, pressurize the contained area using a simple fan and duct
arrangement. Contamination can also apply to belts (causing slippage, or in the case of some
materials premature wear), and of the motors themselves. Since the motors can generate a
considerable amount of heat, keeping the surface clean is an almost-free maintenance procedure
that can keep heat from getting trapped by dust and grime, which may lead to motor burnout.
Product handling: in conveyor systems that may be suited for a wide variety of products, such as
those in distribution centers, it is important that each new product be deemed acceptable for
conveying before being run through the materials handling equipment. Boxes that are too small,
too large, too heavy, too light, or too awkwardly shaped may not convey, or may cause many
problems including jams, excess wear on conveying equipment, motor overloads, belt breakage,
or other damage, and may also consume extra man-hours in terms of picking up cases that
slipped between rollers, or damaged product that was not meant for materials handling. If a
product such as this manages to make it through most of the system, the sortation system will
most likely be the affected, causing jams and failing to properly place items where they are
assigned. It should also be noted that any and all cartons handled on any conveyor should be in
good shape or spills, jams, downtime, and possible accidents and injuries may result.
Drive train: notwithstanding the above, involving take-up adjustment, other parts of the drive
train should be kept in proper shape. Broken O-rings on a Line shaft, pneumatic parts in
disrepair, and motor reducers should also be inspected. Loss of power to even one or a few
rollers on a conveyor can mean the difference between effective and timely delivery, and
repetitive nuances that can continually cost downtime.
Bad belt tracking or timing: in a system that uses precisely controlled belts, such as a sorter
system, regular inspections should be made that all belts are traveling at the proper speeds at all
times. While usually a computer controls this with Pulse Position Indicators, any belt not
controlled must be monitored to ensure accuracy and reduce the likelihood of problems. Timing
is also important for any equipment that is instructed to precisely meter out items, such as a
merge where one box pulls from all lines at one time. If one were to be mistimed, product would
collide and disrupt operation. Timing is also important wherever a conveyor must "keep track" of
where a box is, or improper operation will result.
Since a conveyor system is a critical link in a company's ability to move its products in a timely
fashion, any disruption of its operation can be costly. Most downtime can be avoided by taking
steps to ensure a system operates at peak performance, including regular inspections, close
monitoring of motors and reducers, keeping key parts in stock, and proper training of personnel.

1.2 Scope of project

A Conveyor System is one of the most used & preferred equipment all over the world and can be
used in wide range of applications. It is an equipment which is used to handle and transport
materials within industry premises and used in several industries including automotive,
manufacturing, retail, food and beverage, and transportation Conveyors system refers to
numerous products such as belt conveyors, roller, and pallet among others. The use of conveyors
system ensures handling larger volume of goods & efficiency. Moreover, Factors such as
growing industrialization, need of automation to reduce manufacturing costs and waste and
growth of e-commerce moving them towards adoption of conveyor systems, Fluctuating raw
material prices, environmental regulations, as well as uncertainty of final products hampers the
growth of the market significantly.

Conveyor System Market is highly application driven and such conveyor systems are gaining
popularity across the end user industries like automotive, retail, Food & beverages, airport which
is referred as one of the major driving factors for market. Furthermore, increasing FDI
investments in automotive sector, material safety concerns and other factors is also augmenting
the growth of the market. Currently, America region is the largest market for conveyor systems,
U.S. accounted for a majority of the market share Because of presence of developing countries
such as Mexico and Brazil has enhanced the conveyor systems market.
Asia Pacific is referred as fastest growing region for conveyor belts and North America is the
second largest market for conveyor belt. The increase in the modernization and construction of
new airports, distribution centers, and warehouses, the development of environment friendly and
cost-effective conveyor systems will enhance the market for conveyor systems in Asia-Pacific
and the Middle East.

Global Conveyor System Market of Market Research Future comprises of extensive primary
research along with the detailed analysis of qualitative as well as quantitative aspects by various
industry experts, key opinion leaders to gain the deeper insight of the market and industry
performance. The report gives the clear picture of current market scenario which includes
historical and projected market size in terms of value and volume, technological advancement,
macro economical and governing factors in the market. The report provides details information
and strategies of the top key players in the industry. The report also gives a broad study of the
different market segments and regions.

Today there are different types of conveyor belts that have been created for conveying different
kinds of material available in PVC and rubber materials. Material flowing over the belt may be
weighed in transit using a belt weigher. Belts with regularly spaced partitions, known as elevator
belts, are used for transporting loose materials up steep inclines. Belt Conveyors are used in self-
unloading bulk freighters and in live bottom trucks. Belt conveyor technology is also used
in conveyor transport such as moving sidewalks or escalators, as well as on many
manufacturing assembly lines. Stores often have conveyor belts at the check-out counter to move
shopping items. Ski areas also use conveyor belts to transport skiers up the hill.

1.3 Types of conveyor systems

 Belt conveyor
 Wire mesh conveyors
 Plastic belt conveyors
 Bucket conveyors
 Flexible conveyors
 Vertical conveyors
 Spiral conveyors
 Vibrating conveyors
 Pneumatic conveyors
 Aero mechanical conveyors
 Electric track vehicle systems
 Belt driven live roller conveyors
 Line shaft roller conveyor
 Chain conveyor
 Screw conveyor or auger conveyor
 Chain driven live roller conveyor
 Overhead I-beam conveyors
 Dust proof conveyors
 Pharmaceutical conveyors
 Automotive conveyors
 Overland conveyor
 Drag Conveyor
 1.4 Belt Conveyor
Belt conveyors used to transport minerals are to be found all around the world in a large number
of surface and underground mining operations. The idea of using the conveyor belt is not new,
indeed, the first bell conveyors were introduced at the end of the nineteenth century; the basic
principles of operation have not changed. However, over the years the capacity rating of belt
systems and the length over which material can be transported have increased very considerably,
together with the power inputs, the size of components and the degree of sophistication.

The ‘Rules of Thumb’ set out by McIntosh Engineering underline the advantage of belt
conveying across the spectrum of operations. They state:
 An underground mine is more economically served by a belt conveyor than railcars or trucks
when the daily mine production exceeds 5000 tons.
 As a rule, belt conveyor operation is more economical than truck haulage if the conveying
distance exceeds I km
 A further attempt to provide guidelines for the selection of forms of haulage on cost grounds can
be found in the Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association (CEMA) publication. CEMA
agrees with the second bullet point above and adds four other economic points.
 Beyond 1 km distance, the ton-mile cost of transport by belt conveyor may be as low as 1/10th
cost by haul truck.
 Estimated operating maintenance cost per year for a belt conveyor is 2% of the purchase cost
plus 5% of the belt cost.
 Belt replacement is on average every 5 years for hard rock applications and up to 15 years for
non-abrasive applications.
 Well maintained conveyor systems can reliably operate at 90% or higher availability.
1.5 TYPES OF BELT CONVEYOR
The type of belt conveyors are used to transport various materials over relatively short distances
both horizontally and on an incline where the angle of the latter does not exceed 21° to 23° in
exceptional cases. The material can be of almost any size and either dry or wet, but in the latter
case the moisture content must be known and taken into consideration when figuring such
installations. Usually the belt is supported at regular intervals by troughing rollers on the
carrying side, while a number of flat rollers are needed for the return side.
Conveyor belting designed for the particular service is usually rubber covered, the upper or
wearing side in many instances being further reinforced by an extra thickness of “tread” rubber
which may or may not extend to the outside edge of the belt, while the under or pulley side has
only a thin coat to protect the duck. Duck for conveyor belting ordinarily weighs 28 to 42 ounces
and the plys from 3 to 8 depending on the factors of length of conveyor, width of belt, size of
head and tail pulleys and the weight and character of material to be handled.

Supports for conveyors are usually wood or steel longitudinal members properly supported on
bents and braced laterally to properly keep in alignment both the troughing rollers and the return
idlers.Conveyors are a cheap, quick and continuous method of transporting the material and
when properly designed give long service. Additional data gladly furnished upon request.

CONCENTRATOR BELT CONVEYOR

A well designed concentrator conveyor system will make this ore transportation problem seem
very easy.
But, like anything mechanical, there are a few guide lines that should be followed to maintain the
conveyor systems efficiency.
So in the following chapter we will discuss different conveyors. Their components and some of
the operating skills required to be efficient in their control.The advantages of a conveyor are that
it uses a lower energy output to revolve the flexible belt, it requires a minimum of maintenance,
has a low initial cost, and it delivers the ore at a constant flow. This last is a requirement of some
of the processes involved in mineral recovery.
To start let’s look at three different conveyor systems, starting with the simplest. The basic
components of a conveyor are the frame and the bed, the idlers.

The rollers, roll with the belt to help reduce the drag of the conveyor belt that the drive motor
will have to pull against.

The head pulley, This is usually, but not always, the pulley that the drive unit is attached to. The
revolving pulley will pull the conveyor to it. It is placed at the discharge end of the conveyor.

The return idlers, these support the belt for the return part of the belts cycle.

The tail pulley. On this simple conveyor the tail pulley is adjusted to maintain belt alignment and
tightness.

The drive unit, attached to the head pulley, the drive unit is comprised of, motor, gear, reducer
and drive belts or chains.

A gear reducer, by the way, lowers the revolutions per minute that the head pulley revolves at.

The belt. This is a flexible surface, usually constructed in altering layers of rubber and cord. The
cord may be of different material and is included in the design to prevent the belt from stretching
and or breaking.

1.6 Objectives
Now a day, we are coming in contact with conveyors in all walks of life, specifically conveyors
are making movement of raw material, heavy goods, assembly of ready products, truck
loading etc. easy. We are customizing the use of conveyor system according to our
convenience, so we can say that this is the right time to avail this opportunity to benefit your
business. Now, realize your business has one of the efficient resources you could take a good
benefit of is found with investment into a conveyor system. These resources will enable you to
expand business efficiently and also provide your associates with the greatest resources, when it
comes to attaining their jobs in specific time and creating accident free zone. While seeking or
going forward to embrace this technology, for your very own company, it must serve various
purposes, must to able to assist you in achieving number of specific goals.

Save Money

This is the foremost criteria of every business to save money and to make the best out of
conveying system to meet company’s demands securing business. Utilization of these systems
can prove incredibly expensive for any company, but, note it is only one time expenses.
Utilization of conveyors can be most effective way to work with and of course beneficial, also
help serving various purpose of company. The right decision is to go for conveying system can
be easy way for movement of goods/raw materials within the working area and
operation/handling of goods/products.

Customization
The next criteria/objective for a company is to go for ideally designed conveyors up to your
requirement, which can help save money to a great extent. Conveyors should be specifically
designed keeping in mind the use, working condition and other the conveying requirements of
your company, securing you financially and increasing your business. The company should take
the right decision and opt for only customized conveyors avoiding unnecessary waste of time,
money and manpower and also not serving the purpose of the company.

Utilizing Quality conveyors

The next most important point is making use of the quality resources, which will allow your
business to take benefits of the best design and product to aid in your business. Always prefer the
best quality. Maintaining quality maintains business.

Appointing experts and professionals

The last but not least, the final objective is to employ experts, who have great experience
in this industry. Best utilization of professionals and experts can straw into gold. Should utilize
experience of experts who can impart their valued knowledge and can opt for right conveyor
operation.If the right decision is taken and the above criteria is set in your mind, it can prove best
for your business. The above objectives can help company to increase business and save money
and unnecessary wastage of man and power can be certainly avoided to a great extent. If you go
for the right conveyors, Neo Conveyors can prove to be the right choice, your decision which
may be advantageous for your business. Neo Conveyors are always their to help. When you can
take advantage of all these objectives to meet your conveyor systems demands, you may help
your business to accelerate and improve opportunities such as efficiency.
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE
2.1 BACKGROUND

The first conveyor belts were developed in the late 18th century, with most sources pointing at
the year 1795 as the first instance of a conveyor. Consisting of leather belts running over wooden
beds, they were short and were powered with hand cranks and a series of pullies. Their primary
use was to transport farmers goods onto ships at port. Even though over 200 years has passed
there are still some connections to the first conveyors today, such as using wood as a surface for
modern plastic table top chain to ride on.

The steam engine was invented well before conveyor belts appeared, so it did not take long for
the technologies to be joined. The first steam powered conveyor belt was used by the British
Navy in 1804 to make biscuits for their sailors. Hopefully they used rigorous sanitary standards
to help keep the biscuits safe to eat.

With the dawn of the 20th century came the industrial revolution as well as many great
advancements in conveyor technology. In 1901, the first steel belt was invented in Sweden,
which was used to transport bulk materials such as gravel and charcoal. In Ireland the first
underground conveyor belt was put in to use in 1905, greatly increasing the efficiency of mining
operations. The first patent for roller conveyors was awarded in 1908 allowing for smooth
transport of goods by means of internal ball bearings.

The modern era of conveyors could be said to have started in the 1970s with Intralox filing to
patent their first modular plastic belting, or modular belt. Conveyors are now used throughout
modern industrial manufacturing, shopping centers, and family homes. Currently, the longest
conveyor in existence is in Western Sahara, measuring in at over 60 miles long and used to
transport phosphate from a mining operation to the continents coast.

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Alspaugh M. A. [1] presents latest development in belt conveyor technology & the application of
traditional components in non-traditional applications requiring horizontal curves and
intermediate drives have changed and expanded belt conveyor possibility. For Examples of
complex conveying applications along with the numerical tools required to insure reliability and
availability will be reviewed. This conveyor referenced Henderson PC2 which is one of the
longest single flight conventional conveyors in the world at 16.2611 km. But a 19.123 km
conveyor is under construction in the USA now, and a 23.52 km flight is being designed in
Australia. Other conveyors 30-50 km are being discussed in other parts of the world.
 S.H. Masoodet. al. [2] presents an application of concept of concurrent engineering and the
principles of design for manufacturing and design for assembly, several critical conveyor parts
were investigated for their functionality, material suitability, cost or ease of assembly in the
overall conveyor system. The critical parts were modified and redesigned with new shape and
geometry and some with new materials. The improved design methods and the functionality of
new conveyor parts were verified and tested on a new test conveyor system designed,
manufactured and assembled using the new improved parts. The improved methodology for
design and production of conveyor components is based on the minimization of material, part
and cost are using the rules of design for manufactured and designs are assembly. Results
obtained on a test conveyor system verify the benefits of using the improves tacts. The overall
material cost was reduced by 19% and the overall assembly cost was reduced by 20% compared
to conventional methods.

Dima Nazzalet. al. [3] discusses literature related to models of conveyor systems in
semiconductors. A comprehensive overviews of simulation-oriented models are provided. We
also identify and discuss specific research problems and needs in the design with control of
closed-loop conveyor. It is concluded that new analytical and simulation models of conveyor
systems need to be developed to understand the behavior of such systems and bridge the gap
between theoretical research and industry problems. In order to minimize the product
development time and improve the product quality, 3 dimensions at CAD/CAE system is
essential. It is necessary to develop a system which utilizes the concept design data at the early
stage for the whole process of the product development.

As discuss by Vikas Gupta, Rajesh Bansal, Vineet Kumar Goel, [4] in “A review on material
handling equipment And their selection for potential” Applications Transport material handling
systems are used to move material for a short or long distance from one location to another like
between workshops, between cities, to store, to railway, to ships. The major subcategories of
transport material handling systems are given . In addition to manual system, conveyors (like flat
belt, trolley), cranes (like gib, gantry), trucks (like light, heavy) and automatic guided vehicles
(AGVs and robots) can be used to shift the material.

In the paper “design and optimization of roller in belt conveyor system for weight reduction”, by
Pawar Jyotsna, D.D.Date, Pratik Satav, [5] aims to study existing Belt conveyor system and
optimize the critical parts like Roller, L channels and support, to minimize the overall weight of
assembly. Conveyor also involves geometrical and finite element modeling of existing design
and optimized design.

In the paper of Suhas M. Shinde, R.B. Patil, [6],“Design and Analysis of a Roller Conveyor
System for Weight Optimization and Material Saving”, aims to redesign existing gravity roller
conveyor system by designing the critical parts (Roller, Shaft, Bearing and Frame), to minimize
the overall weight of the assembly and to save considerable amount of material.
 In the paper of D.K. Nannaware, R.R. Kharde, [7] “Design and Optimization of Roller
Conveyor System”, study of existing conveyor system and optimized critical parts of roller
conveyor system like Roller, C -channels for chassis and support, to minimize the overall weight
of assembly and material & cost saving was studied.

Mr. Memane Vijay S., Prof. N.S.Biradar, [8] in the paper “Design and Analysis of Belt
Conveyor System of Sugar Industry for Weight Reduction”, shows geometrical and finite
element modelling of existing design and optimized design.

Devendra Kumar, R.K. Mandloi [9] present the paper on the Analysis & Prospects of
Modification in Belt Conveyor. The review of belt conveyor design modification and latest
technologies or methodologies. The analysis shows different design parameter required for
different applications. Some of the common design parameters required in each application and
the importance of each parameter which impacts on different application.
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
The first step before the project implementation was to review the project scope and research
area. Then the next task was to design the mechanical structure of the conveyor belt which is to
be built. Then, if all the design had been finalized, the implementation of the hardware and the
circuitry took place. Reaching the pick of the project, the programming segment took place
especially for the sensor input, sensing process and output to the servo motors in the punching
mechanism.

PROJECT PLANNING
Our project is based on the handling of bulk material and moving from one place to another
place. It is a combination of mechanical and electrical logics including conveyor and the
packaging process is controlled automatically by using sensors. At first we thought about the
design of this machine. we had to be careful about the design and dimension using solid works
for designing and ansys for analysis.