4 Aworld apart,
inne and mos able expose she cotng parca of
‘err oe say fesent png oo anh
aera gt er ey be tar oped
cates te hee cal
ee a eee
encanta tal cv ppetagpowe ee
Reve buried overt inno way ndcmined fy fa ht
aaa hl niece cnt eas oe
pect he mc, gn ce ee
Rat enh rset olf ap nsenden wt pect othe cone
een a cocte ane peste ae gu sg
ciel cele copeontt cei se
Imes and eve the biter ofl he marks edt
Fee ie etna repre techs
Srna eta ein ede ree
Tl
Why the social sciences
must take themselves
as their object
1 eabing the proble of knowledge in the way that I bave, U hive
constantly bech thinking ofthe soil sciences, of which Eve fe
pas denied th: particulary. Tid so not out of some kind of pose,
sti sintsm, a8 some may think or pretend to tia, hat Benaoe
alta ofthe “difference” ofthe stil scence is chen no mare
than a way of Secrecing the impossibity of scenic understanding
of their objec. Tam thinking for example of a book by AdaE
Grinbaum (1988) which descnbes the attempts by some. pho
phers, Habermas, Ricoeur et, ose prion limits to there coy
(And this I find absolutely unjustifiable why postulate tha cert
things are uninowabie, and, moreover, do 309 privy before ay
experience? Those who are hostile to sciemce have daplacel act
concentrated tet fury onto the socialsciences andy more preci,
onto sociology no doubt chereby helping to slow down is develop
ment — perhaps because the natural sciences no longer ofr them ey
scope fr anak. They decree unknowable certain number of tines
Such as the religous and allt subeitues, at and scene, wich oe
Should cease ty to explin.) Ie wat againat tis mulform res
ance to the sosal sciences that The Craft of Sociology (Bourdien,
‘Chamboredon ind Passron 1991) insisted that te socal scene og
ene like others, exept that chey enon para elif)
Being siences ike othersa6 The socialsciences and ther object
That difculy spears perhaps even more cll tome now dit
seems tome than onder to csy out the cnc poet ithe
‘eats hue r ce
boot require To bring to igh what he hidden par encllnce,
‘what ape the gaze of sence becuse rs deni the very ase
ofthe scent he ramscendentaluaonsciou, oe bas to hore
\the saber of inorcston to sbjectvate the subj ofthe eb
‘tion, that iy the batorcal amcendental, the checvtion of
Sich the pronation forte acct of sone rs sltawareasy
in other word to knowledge of harosal presppostons. The
iaramettsenon cnt heel wn he
asked to peovide the means of eseuing these Sciences from the la
tvtadon'to which they are exposed so long as their productions
tein determine’ by the wncoscos detentions tat ae
Scribd inthe cat's mand or in the sor condons wan
‘wich he produces. And do ths they hae to coniont she clit
Tie or spec cicl and break it by plementing in oda to
‘form the sence ofthe sol sences tad ofthe cena who
Produce them ~ al the inserts chat these vexyscnces proride
dso produce the means of countering the soil determina
‘sich tne sens ne exposed
"Tnnsnd oe fe ar pipes of te atc te
sega lh cane tron a ay
‘ele to wen sasing the gueston ofthe reatioshp beeen
‘Sete dd sonny. Th varius ene cold oe hobed
dccordng to the degre of atonomy ofthe Bld of ace prose
thon with eapet to the varus forms af external presure =o
omic, plital, cc in fer with weak tonoy, which are
therefore dep messed soc etiony such ay astonom or
ysis thf phse, the pes faucg evlasons were so
felou evolusons which could be retedplnealy wh some
hancecf sucess neat in he shor tema whic, hi how of
Copesicor or Calico, uesyransormed te wordhew in as
yinresing the eroe-contol and providing the principles of
A techocaleritiqe, which makes i posible to keep close watch ovet
the factors capable of basing verse te not mater af pursing
new form of absolute kaowedge, but of exercising» space fox of
epatemological vigilance, che very form that ths sigice must tke
Iman ata where the pstemclapeal cer ar fis mid foremost
teil obstacles,
“Thescience most sensitive ro soil determinism mus ined find
within self the resources which, methodally applied ab acriecal
device (and disposition) ean enable ito limit the eects of Rion
and scl determinism Tobe abl to apply other own pactice the
‘objeevating techniques chat they apply to the other senses sociolr
Est have ro contr ellexviy into a disposition constittive of thele
Scietic habitus, a reflect seflr, capable of acting no-ex post on
‘he ops operatm, bata prion, the modus operand (disposition
‘ae will make i imposible, for example, to analyse te apparet
silences in statistical date fom diferent counts witout looking
for the aferences hidden beween the categories of analysis or the