Power supply

Non-switching power supply

The current passes through a power transistor but it also passes through
a resistor.

Notice in the picture below.

The AC current enters by PT connector and is rectified by the diode

bridge (D901 to D904), filtered by C905 and becomes DC current.

When 110VAC is rectified it will result 150VDC.

The 150VDC enters by the collector of Q1 and leaves by its emitter and
goes to horizontal output (FBT and HOT)

There will always be 110VDC on the emitter of Q1, regardless of voltage

variations in the AC outlet.
I mean, no matter if the voltage on the collector is 130V or 170VDC

As the current passes through Q1 it will produce heat. This heat would
be enough to damage Q1.
To prevent Q1 to become too HOT, R1 was added to the circuit.
This way, good part of the current will pass through R1 and Q1 will
regulate the power supply.

Notice that is not possible to plug this kind of power supply directly to a
220V outlet.
To plug this kind of power supply to a 220V outlet, a internal transformer
is necessary.

Possible failures in this kind of power supply

1-The fuse will blow whenever it's replaced

The most common causes are shorted diode bridge or shorted Q1
In this kind of power supply when Q1 shorts the HOT almost often shots
too.

2- Narrow screen
This failure is caused by low power supply.
In this case the current would stop passing through Q1 and would pass
only through R1 causing it to become too hot and maybe burn.
If you touch the transistor, it will be cool. This is the clue that the
transistor is not working.
If Q1 is not working check transistors and resistors which are linked to
its base
Note: Avoid touching directly any component because it may burn your
hand.

Switching power supply (series type)

In a switching power supply, the resistor is not necessary anymore

The current will pass all through the transistor.
But how is it possible? Wouldn't the transistor become too hot and
damage itself ?

Let me explain.

In a non-switching power supply, studied before, the transistor is called

regulator transistor.

In a switching power supply, which we will study now, the transistor is

called switching transistor.

The difference between the non-switching and the switching power

supply is that in the first one the transistor will conduct all the time
(that's because it becomes too hot)
In a switching power supply, the transistor does not conduct all the
time.
Imagine the switching transistor like a switch which will open and close
more then 25,000 times per second.

In the picture below you can see a switching power supply schematic
which uses an integrated circuit IC801.
In the schematic you can see the switching transistor inside IC801
(linked to pin 3)
Many TV sets also uses separated switching transistors and not ICs.
Notice that all switching power supplies use a start-up resistor
In the picture above, the start-up resistor is R804.

The start-up resistor has a terminal linked to the main power supply, which comes
from the diodes bridge.
The other terminal is linked to pin 2 of IC801, which is linked to the base of the
internal switching transistor.

As a little voltage is applied to pin 2 by the start-up resistor, the switching transistor
starts to conduct. Then a current flows through the internal coil of T801.
This current will induce voltages on terminals F1, F2 and F3 of T801, which will
polarize pins 2 and 5 of IC801.

Failures

1- If the HOT or fly-back shorts, the fuse will not burn.

The switch power supply will just stop working.

2- If the internal switching transistor of IC801 shorts, the fuse will open.
To prevent the fuse and other part from damage because of shorts, you will have to
use a series bulb lamp
device. In the next lesson you will learn how to do a series bulb lamp yourself.
3- Power supply is dead. Hot is OK.
Check the start up resistor