7 = — Y Base Ten i Trt, sy ally & Read me first: + There are 3 types of cubes & cuboids. Ones Tens Hundreds oO + For operations involving whole numbers the small cube is considered to be a unit of value't’ + The sticks are ‘tens’ & flats are ‘hundreds’. + While doing operations in decimal fraction, the representation may change according to requirement. + lfyouwanttorepresentones, 5 a and the small cube will bezijan soon. and 5 place, then the flat becomes the unit't’. the stick will bed | Addition can mean putting together or increasing. e.g. There are 23 students many inal. | 0.9.23+45 oa oOo one classroom and another 45 students in the next room. How oa 23 45 ‘Tofind the sum putthe sticks together and ones together. o o o oo0 oo 23+ 45= 6 tens + Bones =68 When we have 10 or more cubes, change 10 small cubes into 1 stick because 10 ones = 1 ten. Soalso change 10tens=1 hundred. Do the following sums: 24431; ii)36+13; —H)45+34; — iv)724¥19; vy 125+34; vi) 145+ 167 _www.ramanujanmuseum.comae . From this remove 32 as 3 tens e.g. 58~ 32. Represent 58 with 5 tens and 8 ones, | | | | [ and2ones. 4 e.g. i)72—36. Itis not possible to remove six ones from 2 ones. So change one ten of the seven tens into ones making it 6 tens + 10 ones + 2 ones. oo ooa ooo =: ooo oo0 7 tens 2ones 6 tens 12 ones Now remove the required number of ones & tens. Dothefollowingsums: i)76-24; i)85-13; —_iil)56-42;_iv)67-27; —_v) 60-20 Findthedifference: i)36-19; ii)80-30; —il)66-49;_iv)72-34;—_v) 150-27; vi) 210-134 | Multiplication means repeated addition €.9.7+7+7=3times 7=3x7 Non example :- 7 +7 +6 cannot be written as a multiplication fact. ts #444200400,00 egtr3xdeataraz OOOO +00 €.g.2:-3x23=23+23+23 Ip | 69, ooa ooo ooa 4" www.ramanujanmuseum.com4 2.9.3 144x3 — {a means 3itimes 4 ones =12ones WS 3times 4 tens =12tens 3times Thundreds = 3 hundreds 144 x_3 Irregular form 3B 343 2 2 Regularform 4 3 2 This needs to be shown using manipulative Find the product by repeated addition: )23x3; —i)46x2; i) 35x5; iv) 483; ion arises out of 3 situations i)equal distribution ii) equal grouping iii) repeated subtraction 9.693 ooo oo00 oo00 Distribute the tens first to 3 groups. Each group will get one ten in every round. Repeat till the entire collection is used. Repeat the same for ‘ones’ as well. The number of tens & ones in any one group will be the answer. Which will be 2 tens and 3 ones. e.g.2: 465+3 Begin distribution from hundreds place. Distribution 1 hundred to each of the 3 groups (divisor number). 1 hundred remains. Change this 1 hundred into 10 tens. There are already 6 tens. 10 tens & 6 tens give 16 tens. Distribute the 16 tens to 3 groups. Each group gets 5 tens & 1 tens remains. Change one tens into 10 ones. There are already 5 ones, making it 15 ones. Distribute 15 ones equally to 3 groups. Each group gets 5 ones. The quotientis 1 hundred, 5tens, 5 onesi.e. 155. Divide: i)84+4; ii)72+3; iii)60+5; iv) 105+3; vy 183; via 12 +4; www.raranujanmuseum.com