6.6 Textbook of Enginnering Drawing BIS Specification (SP46 : 2003) BIS has recommended the use of First angle projection in line with the specifications of ISO adapted by all countries in the world. b 4 f 8 ~ ~ ween oe a a @ © Fig. 5.6 Principles of orthographic projection. Designation and Relative Position of Views ‘An object in space may be imagined as surrounded by six mutually perpendicular planes. So, itis possible to obtain six different views by viewing the object along the six directions, normal to the six planes. Fig.5.6 shows an object with the six possible directions to obtain the six different views which are designated as follows. 1. View in the direction a = front view ‘View in the direction b = top view ‘View in the direction c = left side view ‘View in the direction d = right side view ‘View in the direction e = bottom view 6. View in the direction f= rear view The relative position of the views in First angle projection are shown in Fig.5.7. Note: A study of the Figure 5.7 reveals that in both the methods of projection, the views are identical in shape and size but their location with respect tothe front view only is different. A solid consists of a number of planes, a plane consists of a number of lines and a line in turn consists of number of points. From this, it is obvious that a solid may be generated by a planei Be! First Angle projection + Third Angle projection Fig. 5.7 Relative Positions of Views ng in space (Fig.5.8a), a plane may be generated by a straight line AB moving in space(Fig.5.8b) and a straight line in turn, may be generated by a point A moving in space (Fig.5.8c) Points in Space ‘A point may lie in space in any one of the four quadrants. The positions of a point are: 1. First quadrant, when it lies above HLP and in front of V.P. 2. Second quadrant, when it ies above HIP and behind V.P. 3. Third quadrant, when it lies below HLP and behind V.P. 4, Fourth quadrant, when it ies below H.P and in front of V.P.6.8 Textbook of Enginnering Drawing. Knowing the distances of a point from H.P and V.P, projections on H.P and V.P are found by extending the projections perpendicular to both the planes. Projection on ELP is called Top view and projection on VP is called Front view Notation followed 1. Actual points in space are denoted by capita letters A, B,C. 2. Their front views are denoted by their corresponding lower ease letters with dashes abc efe., and their top views by the lower case letters a,b,c ete. 3. Projectors are always drawn as continious thin lines. Note: 1. Students ae advised to make their own paper/eard board/perplex model of HLP and V-P as shown in Fig.5.4. The model will facilitate developing a good concept ofthe relative position of the points lying in any of the four quadrants. 2. Since the projections of points, lines and planes are the basic chapters for the subsequent topics on solids viz, projection of solids, development, pictorial drawings and conversion of pictorial to orthographic and vice versa, the students should follow these basic chapters carefully to draw the projections. EHP oint A is 40 mm above H.P and 60 mm in front of V.P. Draw its front and top view. Solution : (Fig5.9) 1. The point A lies in the I Quadrant 0 o) Fig, 5.9 Orthographic projection of a point in First Quadrant,