ABSTRAK

Sedimentasi ialah proses pembawaan bahan hasil daripada hakisan oleh air, angin atau
glesier yang kemudian diendapkan dan seterusnya membentuk batuan sedimen.
Sedimentasi merupakan masalah yang sering berlaku di lembangan sungai akibat
daripada kegiatan aktiviti guna tanah di kawasan sekitarnya. Lembangan Sungai
Semenyih merupakan lembangan sungai terbesar dalam kawasan lembangan Langat.
Ketidakseimbangan pembangunan di sekitar kawasan lembangan Semenyih
menyebabkan gangguan dan kemerosotan kualiti air serta peningkatan masalah
sedimentasi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti punca dan masalah sedimentasi
di kawasan Sungai Semenyih. 5 stesen persampelan telah dipilih bagi mewakili
bahagian hulu hingga ke hilir Sungai Semenyih. Tiga objektif utama diukur dalam
kajian ini iaitu jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS), sebaran sedimen dasar serta cadangan
pengawalan masalah sedimentasi di Sungai Semenyih. Hasil kajian menunjukkan
jumlah TSS (mg/L) paling tinggi dicatatkan sebanyak 1.766 pada bulan Januari cerapan
dilakukan. Anggaran purata tahunan sedimen yang diangkut keluar dari Sungai
Semenyih ialah 0.74 tan/km²/tahun. Analisis statistik nilai phi yang diperolehi
menunjukkan saiz butiran sedimen dasar didominasi oleh saiz yang kasar (0.10phi ke -
0.30phi) dan sangat kasar (-0.30phi ke -1.00phi) yang menunjukkan penghasilan
perilaku sedimen yang disebabkan oleh aktiviti perlombongan pasir. Analisis perubahan
keratan rentas sungai merekodkan perubahan bentuk dasar sungai yang sangat ketara
pada ketiga-tiga bulan cerapan di stesen 5 iaitu di bahagian hulu Sungai Semenyih.
Analisis statistik membuktikan hubungan kolerasi antara luahan (Q) dengan muatan
sedimen (MS) menunjukkan hubungan kolerasi yang amat signifikan dengan
mencatatkan nilai R²=80.0. Hubungan kolerasi antara luas kawasan lembangan dengan
muatan sedimen (MS) juga merekodkan bacaan yang amat signifikan dengan nilai R²=
95.1. Kajian ini mencadangkan beberapa langkah pengurusan bagi mengurangkan
masalah sedimentasi merangkumi penyelesaian guna tanah, masalah hakisan tebing
seperti kaedah cerucuk keping keluli, kaedah Batu Sangkar (Gabion Wall) dan kaedah
Fiber Roll serta langkah penyelesaian dan perundangan berkenaan kerja-kerja
perlombongan pasir tanpa kawalan di Sungai Semenyih. Perlaksanaan cadangan
tersebut haruslah dijalankan dengan lebih spesifik bagi setiap penyelesaian masalah
sedimentasi di Sungai Semenyih bagi mengelakkan dan meminimumkan pelbagai
masalah lain yang akan timbul kesan daripada pembinaan penyelesaian yang
dicadangkan.
 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSIS AT SEMENYIH RIVER BASINS

ABSTRACT

Sedimentation is the process of transporting material from corrosion by water, wind or

glesier then deposited and thus forming sedimentary rocks. Sedimentation is a frequent
problem in river basins due to land use activities in the surrounding area. Semenyih
river basin is the largest river basin in the Langat basin area. Developmental imbalances
around the Semenyih basin area cause disturbance and deterioration of water quality as
well as increased sedimentation problems. This study aims to identify the causes and
problems of sedimentation in Sungai Semenyih area. 5 sampling stations were selected
to represent the upstream to downstream of the Semenyih River. Three main objectives
were measured in this study, the total suspended solids (TSS), the basic sediment
distribution and the proposed sedimentation control problem at Sungai Semenyih. The
results showed that the highest number of TSS (mg/L) was recorded at 1.766 in January.
The annual average estimate of sediment transported from Sungai Semenyih is 0.74
tonnes / km² / year. The statistical analysis of the phi value obtained shows the size of
the sediment grain base is dominated by rough size (0.10phi to -0.30phi) and very rough
(-0.30phi to -1.00phi) which indicates the production of sediment behavior caused by
sand mining activity. The analysis of changes in cross-section of the river records
changes in river bed shape which is very significant in all three months of observation
at station 5 which is at the upper part of Semenyih River. Statistical analysis proved that
the correlation between intermittent (Q) and sediment charge (MS) showed a significant
correlation with the value of R² = 80.0. The correlation between the basin area and the
sediment load (MS) also recorded a very significant reading with R2 = 95.1. This study
proposes several management measures to minimize sedimentation problems including
land use solutions, cliff erosion problems such as steel piling methods, Batu Sangkar
(Gabion Wall) method and Fiber Roll method as well as settlement and legislative
measures on unmanned sand mining operations in Semenyih river. The implementation
of the proposal should be more specific for each settlement of the sedimentation
problem in Sungai Semenyih to avoid and minimize the various other problems that will
arise as a result of the proposed solution construction.