STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES SECTION : VIL FOUNDATIONS AND SUBSTRUCTURE (Second Revision) THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS 2000 mevpsmcy (os . IRC : 78-2000 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES SECTION : VII FOUNDATIONS AND SUBSTRUCTURE (Second Revision) Published by ‘THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS Jamnagar House, Shahjahan Road, ‘New Delhi-110011 2000 Price Rs.200/- (Plus packing & postage)IRC : 78-2000 Es Published July 1980 (as Part 1) Revision: De rpora smendinert ecember, 1983 (Incorporating mee eset 183 ting Part Hand. ts 1, 2 and Ber September, 1988 Repries October, 1994 cored September, 1998 Reprint September, 2000 Second Revision : December, 2000 (Rights of Publication and of Translation are Reserved) ted at Dee Kay Printer, ints, New Deli (1000 Copies) too1s Clause No. 700 701 702 703 704 701.) 701.2. 7013. 7015. 701.6. 701.7. 7018. 7019. 701.10. OLAL 701.12. 703.1. 703.2. 7033, 704.1. Orlroys CONTENTS * SECTION VIT Foundations and Substructure Personnel of Bridges Specifications ‘and Standards Committee Background ‘Scope ‘Terminology Abutment Afflux Balancer 7 Bearing Capacity Bearing Stress Cofferéam Foundation Pier Piles Retaining Wall ‘Substructure ‘Well Foundation Notations Discharge and Depth of Scour for Foundation Design Design Discharge of Foundation ‘Mean Depth of Scour Maximum Depth of Scour for Design of Foundation ‘Sub-surface Exploration Objectives Page @1 Gi) 10 n B 3IRC: 705 706 707 708 78-2000 704.2. 704.3. 705.1. 705.2. 705.3. 705.4. 706.1 706.2. 7063. 707.1. 7072. 7073. 707.4. 708.1. 708.2 708.3. 708.4, 708.5. 708.6. 708.7. 708.8. 708.9. 708.10. 708.11. 708.12. 708.13. 708.14 708.15, Zone of Influence Methods of Exploration Depth of Foundation General Open Foundations Well Foundations Pile Foundations Loads, Forces, Stability and Stresses Loads, Forces and their Combinations Horizontal Forces at Bearing Level Base Pressure Open Foundations General Design Open Foundations at Sloped Bed Profile Construction Well Foundations General Well Steining Design Considerations Stability of Well Foundations Tilts and Shifts Cutting Edge Well Curb Bottom Plug Filling the Well Plug over Filling ‘Well Cap Floating Caissons Sinking of Wells, Pneumatic Sinking of Wells Sinking of Wells by Resorting to Blasting IRC : 78-2000 709 Pile Foundation 38 General 38 Requirement and Steps for 41 Design and Installation Capacity of Pile 2 Structural Design of Piles 47 Design of Pile Cap 48 Important Consideration, Inspection/ 49 Precautions for Different Types of Piles 70 Substructure st General 31 Piers 52 Wall Piers 34 Abutments 55 ‘Abutment Pier 56 Dirt Walls, Wing Walls and Retum Walls 56 Retaining Walls 58 Pier and Abutment Caps 59 Cantilever Pier and Abutment Cap 60 Pedestals below Bearing 61 Appendices 1. Guidelines for Calculating Silt Factor for Bed Material 63, Consisting of Gavels and Boulders 2. Guidelines for Sub-surface Exploration 64 3. Procedure for Stability Calculation 79 4. Precautions to be taken during Sinking of Wells 84 5. Capacity of Pile Based on Pile Soil Interaction 91 6. Filling Behind Abutments, Wing and Return Walls 95