ROTATION AND REVOLUTION

ROTATION OF EARTH
Defination : Rotation is the spinning of earth on its axis from
west to east once in 24 hours .
AXIS – is the imaginary line passing through the centre of
earth .

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTATION
1 .DIRECTION : the earth completes 1 rotation from west to
east on its axis in 23 hours ,56 min,4.09sec.
2. INCLINATION OF AXIS : [the earth is tilted towards the
POLE STAR ] the angle at which the earth is tilted is known as
INCLINATION OF EARTH ‘S AXIS
3.SPEED : AT the equator is 1670 km per hour [circumference
of earth is 40 ,070 km which is covered in 24 hours

EFFECTS OF THE ROTATION OF EARTH

1 DAY AND NIGHT
2 SUNRISE ,SUNSET
3 CORIOLIS EFFECT :REFERS to the force experienced by any
object moving over the surface of a rotating body such as
earth . Plays an important role in movement of winds and
ocean currents .
4 THE SUN ,THE MOON AND STARS SEEM TO MOVE FROM
EAST TO WEST : This is because the earth spins from west to
east .
5 CENTRIFUGAL FORCE :AN apparent outward force that acts
on a rotating object creates a bulge in middle
6 ROTATION CAUSES DIFFERENCE IN TIME OVER : The diff in
time 4 min for each degree
7 THE SIDE OF EARTH [rotation of the earth in a tilted
position on its axis has the following advatages
I] diff temperature between day and night
ii] seasons ,day,night

INCLINATION OF EARTH ‘S AXIS

Axis is not vertical makes an angle of 23 ½ degree
If not vertical all places would have the same time of day and
night
Q Why do we do not feel the motions of earth
Ans because of newtons first law of motion
REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH

THE EARTH REVOLVES ROUND THE SUN IN AN

ELLIPTICAL ORBIT
Rotation Revolution together makes earths
environment complex

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTATION
1 SPEED : earth moves round the sun at the speed of
29.8km per sec 100,000 km per hour
2 i] Earth [close to the sun ] – gravitational pull –fast
ii] Earth [away from sun ] - no gavi pull --- slow
3 LEAP YEAR-time taken to complete one full circle of
earth is 365 days 5 hours and 48 min . the remaining 6
hours is added and after every 4 year there is a leap
year in which there are 366 days .
4 motion of the earth is from west to east

EFFECTS OF REVOULUTION
Sasonal change : amount of heat that a place receives
on earth depends on the angle at which the suns rays
reach it . When a palace receives vertical rays of sun it
gets hot . ROTATION CAUSESDIFFERENCES IN SEASONS

INCLINATION OF AXIS AND SEASONAL CHANGES :

Since the earth is tilted ,the seasonal changes are not
abrupt.

PERIHELION AND APHELION POSITIONS

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REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH

THE EARTH REVOLVES ROUND THE SUN IN AN

ELLIPTICAL ORBIT
Rotation Revolution together makes earths
environment complex

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTATION
1 SPEED