Jest-Mathematical Physics

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

Mathematical Physics
JEST-2012
 ln x
Q1. The value of the integral  x
0 2
1  2
dx is
  
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
4 2 2
Ans. : (b)
 
ln x ln z
Solution:  dx   dz
x  1 z  1
2 2 2 2
0 0
2  2
 ln z   ln z 
Let us consider new function f  z    2  , then I    2  dz
 z 1  0
z 1 
Pole at z  i is simple pole of second order.

Residue at z  i is
 ln z  d  ln z 
2 2
d
  z  i 
2
 z  i   z  i  dz  z  i 
2 2 2
dz
1 1
 z  i  2  ln z  .   ln z  .2  z  i   z  i  2 ln  z    ln z  .2
2 2 2
 z  z
 z  i  z  i
4 3
i  i 
2
1 2 R
 2i  2  ln i   ln i   2 4 2   2   2 2 i 
2
 i   2 
 2i  8 i 8 i
3
A r
  2
 Res z i   i
4 16 B
  2 
Similarly, at z  i ; Res z i   i
4 16

   2   2 
2
 ln z 
I    2  dz  2 i   i   i    2i
0
z 1  4 16 4 16 
     
 2i        f  z  dz      f  z  dz ;   vanish 
R AB r  AB   AB 
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Along path A; z   x  i and along path B; z   x  i
  0 
ln   x  i   
ln   x  i  
Thus  2i      f  z  dz     dx  0    x  i 2  1dx

     
2
AB   
 x i 1 
  
2 2
 ln   x  i  
 
ln   x  i  
  2i     dx  0    x  i 2  1 dx

     
2
0 
 x i 1 
  
 ln  x   i   ln  x   i 
  2 2
  i   
2
 dx     dx;  0
0 
1 x  2
0 
1  x2 
 ln  x   i    ln  x   i  dx  4 i
2 2
  
ln x ln x i 2 
  i  
2
   
1  x  2 2
x  1 x  1 4 i
2 2
0 0
2
0
2 4
 xe

x
Q2. If [x] denotes the greatest integer not exceeding x, then dx
0
1 e 1 e
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d)
e 1 e e 12
Ans.: (a)
Solution: x 
0  x  1  x   0 , 1  x  2  x   1 , 2  x  3  x   2
 1 2 3 4
 xe dx   x e dx   x e dx   x e dx   x e  x dx
x x x x
Now,
0 0 1 2 3
2 3 4
 0   1.e dx   2.e dx   3.e  x dx   e  x   2  e  x   3  e  x   ....
x x 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2 3
 e 1  e2  2e2  2e 3  3e3  3e 4  4e4  4e5 

 e 1  e 2  e 3  e 4  .....
e 1 1  e 2 
 1
  r  1
 e 21  e 1 
1 e e 1  e 
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1 1 1
Q3. As x  1 , the infinite series x  x 3  x 5  x 7  .......
3 5 7
(a) diverges (b) converges to unity

(c) converges to (d) none of the above
4
Ans.: (c)
x3 x5 x7 
Solution: tan 1 x  x     .......  tan 1 1 
3 5 7 4
Q4. What is the value of the following series?
2 2
 1 1   1 1 
1    ....  1    .....
 2! 4!   3! 5! 
(a) 0 (b) e (c) e2 (d) 1
Ans.: (d)
12 13 12 13
Solution: e1  1  1     , e 1  1  1   .....
2! 3! 2! 3!
1
e e
1
1 1
cosh 1   1    ....
2 2! 4!
sinh 1 
e 1
 e 1  1 1
 1    ...
2 3! 5!
i.e., cosh 2 1  sinh 2 1  1
Q5. An unbiased die is cast twice. The probability that the positive difference (bigger -
smaller) between the two numbers is 2 is
1 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 6 3
Ans.: (b)
n E 
Solution: p2  
n S 
The number of ways to come positive difference
 3, 1 ,  4, 2  ,  5, 3 ,  6, 4  , 1,3 2, 4  ,  3,5  4, 6  
8 2
p  2  
36 9
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Q6. For an N  N matrix consisting of all ones,
(a) all eigenvalues  1 (b) all eigenvalues  0
(c) the eigenvalues are 1, 2,....N (d) one eigenvalue  N , the others  0
Ans.: (d)
1 1
Solution:    0, 2
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1  0, 0, 3
 
1 1 1
So, far N  N matrix one eigen value is N and all other eigen values are zero.
JEST-2013
Q7. A box contains 100 coins out of which 99 are fair coins and 1 is a double-headed coin.
Suppose you choose a coin at random and toss it 3 times. It turns out that the results of all
3 tosses are heads. What is the probability that the coin you have drawn is the double-
headed one?
(a) 0.99 (b) 0.925 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.01
Ans.: (c)
Rez 2   Imz 2 
Q8. Compute lim
z 0 z2
(a) The limit does not exist (b) 1
(c) i (d) 1
Ans.: (a)
Solution: lim
     lim x
Re z 2  Im z 2 2
 y 2  2 xy
 lim 2
x 2  y 2  2 xy
1
z 0 z2 z 0 x 2  y 2  2ixy xy  0 x  y 2  2ixy
0
x 2  y 2  2 xy x 2  y 2  2 xy
lim  1 and lim  i
x 0
y 0
x 2  y 2  2ixy y  x x 2  y 2  2ixy
x 0
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Q9. The vector field xziˆ  yˆj in cylindrical polar coordinates is
(a)  z cos 2   sin 2  eˆ    sin  cos  1  z eˆ
(b)  z cos 2   sin 2  eˆ    sin  cos  1  z eˆ
(c)  z sin 2   cos 2  eˆ    sin  cos  1  z eˆ
(d)  z sin 2   cos 2  eˆ    sin  cos  1  z eˆ
Ans.: (a)

Solution: A  xziˆ  yˆj  Ax  xz , Ay  y, Az  0

A  A  eˆ  Ax  xˆ  eˆ   Ay  yˆ  eˆ   Az  zˆ  eˆ 

 A   cos  z  cos     sin   sin    0  A   cos  2 z   sin 2  eˆ 

A  A  eˆ  Ax  xˆ  eˆ   Ay  yˆ  eˆ   Az  zˆ  eˆ 
 A   cos    sin   z   sin   cos   A   cos   sin  1  z  eˆ


 
A  A eˆ  A eˆ  Az eˆz   z cos 2   sin 2  eˆ   cos  sin  1  z  eˆ
Q10. There are on average 20 buses per hour at a point, but at random times. The probability
that there are no buses in five minutes is closest to
(a) 0.07 (b) 0.60 (c) 0.36 (d) 0.19
Ans.: (d)
Solution: From Poision’s distribution function,
e   n
P  n 
n
here,   20 buses per hour
5
  buses in five minutes
3
Therefore, the probability that there are no buses in five minutes,
0
5
5

e   3
P  n  0   3   e5/ 3  0.1886  0.19

0
Thus, option (d) is correct option.
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Q11. Two drunks start out together at the origin, each having equal probability of making a
step simultaneously to the left or right along the x axis. The probability that they meet
after n steps is
1 2n! 1 2n! 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2n! (d) n!
4 n n!2 2 n n!2 2n 4n
Ans.: (a)
r N r
1 1
Solution: The probability of taking ' r ' steps out of N steps  Cr     N
2 2
Total steps  N  n  n  2n
For taking probability of n steps out of N
n N n n N n 2n
1 1 N! 1 1 2n !  1  2n !
P  N Cn         
2 2  N  n  !n !  2   2  n !n !  2   n ! 4n
2
Q12. What is the value of the following series?

2 2
 1 1   1 1 
1    ....  1    ... 
 2! 4!   3! 5! 
(a) 0 (b) e (c) e 2 (d) 1
Ans.: (d)
2 4 3 5
Solution: cos   1   ..... , sin      .....
2! 4! 3! 5!
2 2
 1 1   1 1
  1   ...   1     cos 2 1  sin 2 1  1  sin 2   cos 2   1
 2! 4!   3! 5! 
Q13. If the distribution function of x is f  x   xe  x /  over the interval 0  x   , the mean
value of x is

(a)  (b) 2 (c) (d) 0
2
Ans.: (b)
Solution: Since, it is distribution function so,
x x
   
 xf  x dx  x.xe  dx  x 2 e  dx
x  

 0
 0
x
 2
f  x  dx
x
 

0

xe dx 


0
xe dx 
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JEST-2014
Q14. What are the solutions of f   x   2 f   x   f  x   0 ?
(a) c1e x / x (b) c1 x  c 2 / x (c) c1 xe x  c 2 (d) c1e x  c 2 xe x

Ans.: (d)
Solution: Auxiliary equation is, D 2  2 D  1  0   D  1  0  D  1, 1
2
 Roots are equal, then f  x    c1  c2 x  e x  f  x   c1e x  c2 xe x

2.2
Q15. The value of 0.2
xe x dx by using the one-segment trapezoidal rule is closed to
(a) 11.672 (b) 11.807 (c) 20.099 (d) 24.119
Ans.: (c)
h
Solution: h  2.2  0.2  2  I   y  2.2   y  0.2    20.099  y  xe x 
2
Q16. Given the fundamental constants  (Planck’s constant), G (universal gravitation
constant) and c (speed of light), which of the following has dimension of length?
G G G c
(a) (b) (c) (d)
c3 c5 c3 8G
Ans.: (a)
1
  ML2T 1   M 1 L3T 2   2
Solution:       L2 2  L  
1
 L3T 3 
   ML T  , G 
2 1 gr 2
m
 M 1 L3T  2  
Q17. The Laplace transformation of e 2t sin 4t is
4 4
(a) (b)
s  4s  25
2
s  4s  20
2
4s 4s
(c) (d)
s  4s  20
2
2s  4 s  20
2
Ans.: (b)
b
Solution:  L e  at sin bt  
s  a
2
 b2
4 4
 L e2t sin 4t   
 s  2 s  4s  20
2
4 2 2
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Q18. Let us write down the Lagrangian of a system as L x, x, x  mxx  kx 2  cxx . What is the
dimension of c ?
(a) MLT 3 (b) MT 2 (c) MT (d) ML2T 1
Ans.: (c)
Solution: According to dimension rule same dimension will be added or subtracted then
dimension of Mxx  dimension of Cxx

 ML2T 2   C   L   LT 3 
 ML2T 2 
C   2 3   MT 
 L T 

Q19. The Dirac delta function   x  satisfies the relation  f  x   x dx  f 0  for a well

behaved function f x  . If x has the dimension of momentum then

(a)   x  has the dimension of momentum
(b)   x  has the dimension of (momentum) 2

(c)   x  is dimensionless
(d)   x  has the dimension of (momentum) 1

Ans.: (d)

Solution:  f  x   x  dx  f 0 

 
f  x    x  dx  f 0   f  x  x   P   f 0    x   P 1
Since,  f  x    f 0 
If F x   x   is force M L T 2  
F 0    is also  M LT 2 
Q20. The value of limit

z 10  1
lim
z i z6 1
is equal to
10 5
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d)
3 3
Ans.: (d)
z 10  1 10 z 9 10 z 4 10 5
Solution: lim  lim  lim  
z i z 6  1 z i 6 z 5 z i 6 6 3
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Q21. The value of integral
sin z
I  dz
c 2z  
with c a circle z  2 , is
(a) 0 (b) 2 i (c)  i (d)   i

Ans.: (c)
sin z 
Solution: I   , for pole 2 z    0  z 
C 2z   2

Residue at z   z  2 , so pole will lie within the contour
2
eiz
I     R  2 i
C  
2 z  
 2
   iz
z  e ei / 2 i

2 1
Res   (taking imaginary part); Residue =
  2 2 2
2 z  
z

2
2
1
Now, I   2 i   i
2
JEST-2015
Q22. Given an analytic function f  z     x, y   i  x, y  , where   x, y   x 2  4 x  y 2  2 y .
If C is a constant, which of the following relations is true?

(a)   x, y   x 2 y  4 y  C (b)   x, y   2 xy  2 x  C
(c)   x, y   2 xy  4 y  2 x  C (d)   x, y   x 2 y  2 x  C
Ans. : (c)
Solution: u    x, y   x 2  4 x  y 2  2 y , v  
u v   u v  
From C.R. equation,  ,  ,   
x  y x y y x y x
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 
Now,  2x  4 
x y
   2 xy  4 y  f  x  (i)
 
and  2 y  2   2 y  2
y x
  2 xy  2 x  f  y  (ii)
From (i) and (ii), 2 xy  4 y  f  x   2 xy  2 x  f  y 
f  x   2 x, f  y  4y
  2 xy  4 y  2 x  c
Q23. If two ideal dice are rolled once, what is the probability of getting atleast one ‘6’?
11 1 10 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
36 36 36 36
Ans: (a)
Solution: Number of point in sample space n  S   11
1, 6  ,  2, 6  ,  3, 6  ,  4, 6  ,  5, 6  ,  6,1 ,  6, 2  ,  6,3 ,  6, 4  ,  6,5  ,  6, 6  
Number of point in population n  P   62  36

nS  11
Probability of getting atleast one ‘6’ on face of dice  
n  P 36
 x4 x2 
  
What is the maximum number of extrema of the function f  x   Pk x e
 4 2 
 
Q24. , where
x   ,   and Pk  x  is an arbitrary polynomial of degree k ?
(a) k  2 (b) k  6 (c) k  3 (d) k

Ans.: (c)
 x4 x2 
  
Solution: f  x   Px  x  e  4 2
 x4 x2 
  

f   x    Px  x   Px  x  1 x  x  e
3
  4 2 
For maximum number of extrema,
 
 f   x   0   Px  x  x3  x  P  x    0 is polynomial of order k  3
From the sign scheme maximum number of extrema  k  3
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xe xs xn
Q25. The Bernoulli polynominals Bn s  are defined by, x   Bn s  . Which one of the
e 1 n!
following relations is true?
xe x 1 s  xe  
x 1 s
xn xn
  B n s    Bn  s  1
n
(a) x (b) x
e 1 n  1! e 1  n  1!
xe x 1 s  n
xe x 1 s  n
(c)   n
B  s  1 n x
(d)   n
B s  1 n x
ex 1 n! ex 1 n!
Ans.: (d)
xe xS xn
Solution:
ex 1
  n n
B  s 
xe x s 1 xn
Put s   s  1 ,
ex 1
  n
B  s  1
n
Since, Bn  s  1   1 B  s 
n
xe x s 1 n x
n

ex 1
  n
B  s   1
n
Q26. Consider the differential equation G x   kG  x     x  ; where k is a constant. Which of

the following statements is true?
(a) Both G  x  and Gx  are continuous at x  0 .
(b) G x  is continuous at x  0 but Gx  is not.
(c) G  x  is discontinuous at x  0 .
(d) The continuity properties of G  x  and Gx  at x  0 depends on the value of k .
Ans.: (c)
99
1
Q27. The sum 
m 1 m 1  m
is equal to
1
99  1
(a) 9 (b) (c)
 99  1 (d) 11
Ans.: (a)
99
1 99
m  1  m 99
Solution: 
m 1

m  1  m m 1  m  1  m
  m 1  m
m 1
 2  1  3  2......  100  99  100  1  10  1  9
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JEST-2016
 
Q28. Given the condition  2  0 , the solution of the equation  2  k  . is given by
k 2 k ln  k ln 
(a)   (b)   k 2 (c)   (d) 
2 2 2
Ans.: (a)
    
   
Solution:  2  0  .   0  .   0     xˆ   yˆ   zˆ     x   y   z
 
k  .  k  2   2   2 
k 2 k
If     x   y   z 
2
2 2
 2  2  2  
  2   
x 2 y 2 z 2
 k   2
  2
  2
   2
  k   .
Q29. The mean value of random variable x with probability density
p  x 
1
.exp  

 x2   x   is:
 2  2 2   
 
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 
2 2
Ans. : (a)
1   x2    x 
Solution: x   x exp   2 dx  exp   2  dx  0 (due to odd function)
 2   2    2 
2 1 M 
Q30. Given a matrix M    , which of the following represents cos  
1 2  6 
1 1 2 3  1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
2 2 1 4  1 1  4 1 1 2  3 1 
Ans. : (b)
2 1
Solution: Given, M   
1 2
2 1
For eigen value,  0    1,3
1 2
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Now, for   1 ,
 2 1   x1   x1 
1 2  x   1  x 
  2  2
 2x1  x2  x1  x1   x2
Therefore, eigen vector associated with eigen value,
1 1
  1 is 1   
2  1
Similarly, for   3 , we get associated eigen vector as,
1 1
2   
2 1
1  1 1 1 0  1 1
Thus, M 
2  1 1 0 3 1 1 
  
 cos 0 
 1  1 1 6 1 1
cos M    
2  1 1   1 1 
cos  
6
0
 2 
 3 3
 3    
1  1 1  0  1 1  4 4 
  
2  1 1   1 1   3
2
0   3 
 0  
 4 4 
 3 3
  
M   4
 4   3  1 1
Therefore, cos    
 6   3 3  4  1 1 
 
 4 4 
Thus, option (b) is correct option.
1 1 1
Q31. The sum of the infinite series 1     ... is
3 5 7
 
(a) 2 (b)  (c) (d)
2 4
Ans. : (d)
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1
Solution: The series expansion of tan x in interval 1  x  1 is,
1 1 1
tan 1 x  x  x 3  x5  x 7  
3 5 7
Putting x  1 , we get,
1 1 1 1 1 1 
tan 1 1  1      1     
3 5 7 3 5 7 4
Thus, option (d) is correct.
Q32. A semicircular piece of paper is folded to make a cone with the centre of the semicircle
as the apex. The half-angle of the resulting cone would be:
(a) 90o (b) 60o (c) 45o (d) 30o
Ans. : (d)
Solution: When the semicircular piece of paper is folded to make a cone, the circumference of
base is equal to the circumference of the original semicircle. Let r be the radius of the
base of the cone and R be the radius of the semicircle.
R
Hence, 2 r   R  r  .  R
2
The stay height of the come will also be R .
r
R/2 1
Hence, sin    R
R 2
Thus,   300
JEST 2017
 x  1   x 2  3 x  2  dx  ?

2
Q33.

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 7

Ans. : (d)
Solution:   x 2  3x  2    x 2  x  2 x  2   x  x  1  2  x  1   x  1 x  2 
 
  x  1   x  3 x  2  dx   x  1   x  1 x  2   dx
2 2 2
 
1
  f 1  f  2     2  5  7
2 1 
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Q34. Which one is the image of the complex domain  z xy  1, x  y  0 under the mapping
f  z   z 2 , if z  x  iy ?
(a)  z xy  1, x  y  0 (b)  z x  2, x  y  0
(c)  z y  2x (d)  z y  1x
1 0   10 3i 
Q35. Let     and M    . Similarity, transformation of M to  can be
 0 11  3i 2 
performed by
1  1 3i  1  1 3i 
(a)   (b)  
10  3i 1  9  3i 11 
1  1 3i  1  1 3i 
(c)   (d)  
10  3i 11 9  3i 1 
Ans. : (a)
 10 3i 
Solution: M   
 3i 2 
The eigen value of matrix M is 1,11 and corresponding eigen vector are:
1 1  1  3i 
1    , 2    respectively.
10  3i  10  1 
Now, P   1 2 
1  1 3i 
P  
10  3i 1 
Q36. Suppose that we toss two fair coins hundred times each. The probability that the same
number of heads occur for both coins at the end of the experiment is
2
 100  100 
100 100 100 100
1 1
(a)  
4
 
n 0  n 
 (b) 2  
4
 
n 0  n 

2 2
100   100 
100 100 100 100
11 1
(c)  
24
 
n 0  n 
 (d)  
4
 
n 0  n 

Ans. : (d)
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Solution: If we toss one fair coins hundred times, then probability of n number of head occurs at
the end of 100 times is
n 100  n
100 1 1
Cn    
2 2
Hence, the probability that same number of heads occur for both coins at the end of
experiment is
 100  1 100   100  1 100  100 100 2  1  200  1 100 100 100 2
 Cn    .  Cn       Cn         Cn 
100

n 0  2    2   n 1 2  4  n 1
Q37. What is the equation of the plane which is tangent to the surface xyz  4 at the point
1, 2, 2  ?
(a) x  2 y  4 z  12 (b) 4 x  2 y  z  12
(c) x  4 y  z  0 (d) 2 x  y  z  6
Ans. : (d)
Solution: The surface equation is given by
  xyz  4
The normal vector to the surface is
 
n    yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ
At point 1, 2, 2  ,

 n  4 xˆ  2 yˆ  2 zˆ   2 xˆ  yˆ  zˆ 
n   4 xˆ  2 yˆ  2 zˆ  , nˆ    
n 16  4  4 6
The equation of plane at point 1, 2, 2  is
 x  1 xˆ   y  2  yˆ   z  2  zˆ  nˆ  0
 2  x  1  1 y  2   1 z  2   0  2 x  y  z  6
 x 1
Q38. The integral I   dx is
1  x 
1 2
   
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2
Ans. : (b)
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
x 1
Solution: I   dx
1 1  x 
2
Put, x  1  z 2  , dx  2 zdz

2 z 2 dz
Hence, I  
0 2  z  2 2
Here poles,  2  z 2   0  z  i 2   z  i 2   0

Only z  i 2 poles is allowed 

  
2
2 z 2
z  i 2
 
Then R i 2  lim
1 d 
2  1 dz  z  i 2 z  i 2

2 
  
z i 2 2
 
 lim 
 
 z  i 2 2  4z  2z2  2 z  i 2 
  
z i 2  
 
4
 z i 2 
 2i 2   4 i 2   2 i 2   2  2i 2    32
2 2
2 i  16 2 i 16 2 i i
  
 2i 2 
4
64 64 2 2

2z2  i  
Hence,  dz  2 i   
 2  z  2 2
 2 2 2
 
2z2  x 1 
 dz   dx 
2  z  2 2
1  x 
2
0 2 2 1 2 2
1
Q39. The Fourier transform of the function up to proportionality constant is
x  3x 2  2
4
(a) 2 exp   k 2   exp  2k 2  (b) 

2 exp   k   exp  2 k 
(c) 
2 exp  k  exp  2 k    (d)  
2 exp  2k 2  exp  2k 2 
Ans. : (b)
1 1 1
Solution: f  x    2 
 x  3x  2   x  1  x 2  2 2 
4
2
 
 
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Now, Fourier transform of f  x  is,

F  p   A  f  x  e 1kx dx

     
e  ikx
 A  2  e  ikx dx  A  dx 
1 1 1
   x 2  1
  e dx  
 ikx
  x  1 2  
   
2

 x2  2     x 
2
2 
 a k
1  e
  x 2  a 2  e dx  2 a
 ikx

  e k  e 2 k  A  
F k   A 
 2 1

2 2 

2 
2 exp   k   exp  2 k 
  
 
 I  3  x   y   z  
1
Q40. If     , where  ’s are the Pauli matrices and I is the identity

2
matrix, then the trace of  2017 is
1
(a) 22017 (b) 22017 (c) 1 (d)
2
Ans. : (c)
 
 I  3  x   y   z  
1
Solution: Given,    
2
1  
Now,  2  
4
I
1
  x   y   z   I 
1
  x   y   z 
3  3 
1 2
 
4
I
2
  x   y   z    x   y   z  
1
3 3 
1 
 
4
I
2
  x   y   z    3I  
1
3 3 
1  1 
 
4
2I 
2
  x   y   z    I 
1
  x   y   z 
3  2 3 
 2     n   ., where n can be any positive integer
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Therefore,  2017

1  1/ 3 1 i 
 
2

2 3 
 2017
 1 i 1  1/ 3 
 
 2 3 2 
since, Trace of a matrix is equal to sum of their diagonal element, so
1 1
1 1
Trace of  2017  3 3 1
2 2
Q41. The function f  x   cosh x which exists in the range   x   is periodically repeated
between x   2m  1  and  2m  1  , where m   to  . Using Fourier series,
indicate the correct relation at x  0
 1  1
n n

1   

(a)     1 (b)  1 n 2
n  1  n
2
2  cosh   n 
2
cosh 
 1  1
n n

 
1  
(c) 
n  1 n 2
2
sinh 
(d)  1 n
n 1
2
 
2  sinh 
 1

Ans. : (d)
Solution: f  x   cosh x,    x  

1 1 sinh 
 cosh xdx  2 sinh x   

Here, a0 
2 


bn  0 , due to even function


 1 x x 
and an 
1
2   e
x
 e  x  cos nxdx  cosh x 
2
 e  e 


1  ex e x 
an    cos nx  n sin nx     cos nx  n sin nx  
2  1  n 2  1  n2 
 
1  e  1n e   1n e   1n e  1n  2  1n  2sinh  2  1n sinh 

      
2  1  n 
2
1  n2  1  n2  1  n2   2 1  n2   1  n 2 
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2  1 sinh 
n

sinh  
Hence, f  x   a0    an cos nx  bn sin nx   cosh x   cos nx
n 1  n 1  1  n 2 
At x  0 ,
2  1 sinh   1  1    1

n n

 sinh   

n 1  1  n 2 
 1 
     
n 1 1  n 
2
2  sinh  
JEST-2018
1
Q42. For which of the following conditions does the integral  P  x  P  x  dx
0
m n vanish for
m  n , where Pm  x  and Pn  x  are the Legendre polynomials of order m and n
respectively?
(a) all m, m  n (b) m  n is an odd integer
(c) m  n is a nonzero even integer (d) n  m  1
Ans. : (c)
1
2
Solution:  P  x  P  x  dx  2 x  1 
1
m n nm
1
2
2 Pm  x  Pn  x  dx   nm
0
2x  1
Only Pm  x  Pn  x   even
m
0 even
1 odd
2 even
3 odd
4 even
m  n  non zero even integer then only
Pm  x  Pn  x   even
m  n   nm  0
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Q43. The Laplace transform of

 sin  at   at cos  at   is
2a 3  
2as s2  a2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
s  s  s  a s 
2
2 2 2 2
2
a 2
 a2 2
 a2
Ans. : (d)
 sin at  at cos at  1
Solution: L   2
   s  a2 
3 2
2a
Q44. Two of the eigenvalues of the matrix

 a 3 0
 
A   3 2 0
 0 0 1
 
are 1 and 1 . What is the third eigenvalue?
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 5
Ans. : (b)
Solution: The sum of eigenvalues  Trace
Therefore 1  2  3  a  2  1  a  3
 1  1  3  a  3
 3  a  3 (i)
The product of eignevalues  Determinant
 1  2 3  2a  9
 1 1 3  2a  9
 3  9  2a (ii)
Eliminating a from equation (i) and putting it in (ii) gives

3  9  2  3  3  3  9  23  6
 33  15    5
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  exp   x    sin  x   dx , where  ... is Dirac distribution, is

Q45.

e 1 e 1 e
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
e 1 e 1 e 1
Ans. : (b)
  x  xi 
Solution: We know that   f  x     ,
i f   xi 
where xi ’s are the roots of the equation f  x   0 .
Therefore, sin  x  0   x  n  xi  n where n is an integer
f   x    cos  x  f   xi     1  
n

Hence,   exp   x   sin  x  dx


  exp   x    0     x  1    x  1    x  1    x  2     x  2   

0 1  1 2  2
e e e e e    1  e 1  e 1  e 2  e 2  
 1  2  e 1  e 2  e 3  
The terms in bracket form geometric series with first term e 1 and common ratio e 1 .

e 1
  exp    x   sin  x   dx  1  2 
1/ e
1
 1 2 

1 e 1  1/ e
1/ e 1 e 1  2 e 1
 1 2  1 2   
 e  1 / e e 1 e 1 e 1
Q46. The integral


cos x
 x 2  1
dx is

(a) (b)  e 2 (c)  (d) zero
e
Ans. : (a)
eiz eiz
Solution: f  z   
z 2  1  z  i  z  i 

cos x eii 
 x2  1

dx  Re 2 i 
zi e

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Q47. An electronic circuit with 10000 components performs its intended function success fully
with a probability 0.99 if there are no faulty components in the circuit. The probability
that there are faulty components is 0.05 . if there are faulty components, the circuit
perform successfully with a probability 0.3 . The probability that the circuit performs
x
successfully is . What is x ?
10000
Ans. : 9555
Q48. If an abelian group is constructed with two distinct elements a and b such that
a 2  b 2  I , where I is the group identity. What is the order order of the smallest abelian
group containing a, b and I ?
Ans. : 4
Solution: According to the question a, b and I are elements of group. The Cayley table for the
group is I a b
I I a b
a a I ab
b b ba I
For the commutative group ab  ba . If the order of the group is 3 , then from the table we
see that ab should be equal to b and ba should be equal to a .
ab  b and ba  a
Using the commutative property we can write
ab
But from the question a and b are distinct elements. Therefore the group will contain
more than 3 elements.
The new Cayley-table is
o I a b ab
I I a b ab
a a I ab b
b b ba I a
ab ab b a I
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Here we have used the fact that for commutative group ab  ba .
From the table we see that this group is commutative and all group axioms are satisfied
by the elements of group. So,
G  a, b, I , ab
The order of the group is 4 .

Q49. If F  x, y   x 2  y 2  xy , its Legendre transformed function G  u , v  , upto a
multiplicative constant, is
(d)  u  v 
2
(a) u 2  v 2  uv (b) u 2  v 2  uv (c) u 2  v 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: G  F  xu  yv
dG  dF  xdu  udv  ydv  vdy
F  x 2  y 2  xy
F F
dF  dx  dy
x y
dF  udx  vdy
dG  udx  vdy  xdu  udx  ydv  vdy
dG   xdu  ydv
F F
u ,v 
x x
u  2 x  y, 2u  4 x  2 y
2v  4 y  2 x , v  2 y  x
1
y  2v  u 
3
2u  v  3 x
1
x  2u  v 
3
1 1
dG    2u  v  du   2v  u  dx
3 3
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1 1 G G
dG  u, v     2u  v  du   2v  u  dv  du  dv
3 3 u v
G 1 G 1
   2u  v  ,    2v  u  (i)
u 3 v 3
G  u, v   
3
 u  uv   h  v 
1 2
(ii)
1 dh  v  u dh  v 
G  u, v     u    
3 d v 3 dv
2v u u dh  v 
  
3 3 3 dx
v 2
h v  (iii)
3
v2
     u 2  v 2  4v 
1 2 1
G  u, v    u  uv 
3 3 3
JEST-2019

Q50. Let r be the position vector of a point on a closed contour C . What is the value of the
 
line integral  r  dr ?
1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) 
2
Ans. : (a)
    
Solution: r  xxˆ  yyˆ  zzˆ    r  0   r  dr  0
Q51. Consider the function f  x, y   x  i y . In which domain of the complex plane is this
function analytic?
(a) First and second quadrants (b) Second and third quadrants
(c) Second and fourth quadrants (d) Nowhere
Ans. : (c)
Solution: f  x, y   x  i y
f  x, y   x  iy  z
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f  x, y    x  iy   z
f  x, y    x  iy   z
f  x, y   x  iy  z
We know z is not analytic and z and  z are analytic. So answer is (c).

 
Q52. Suppose  A is a conservative vector, A is a non-conservative vector and  is non-zero
scalar everywhere. Which one of the following is true?
   
 
(a)   A  A  0 (b) A    0
   
(c) A    0  
(d)   A  A  0
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Divergence of a curl is always zero.
Q53. Consider two n  n matrices, A and B such that A  B is invertible. Define two
matrices, C  A  A  B  B and D  B  A  B  A . Which of the following relations

1 1
always hold true?

(a) C  D (b) C 1  D (c) BCA  ADB (d) C  D
Ans. : (a)
1
Solution: C 1   A  A  B  B 
1
 B 1  A  B  A1
 
 B 1 AA1  B 1BA1  B 1  A1
 C 1  B 1  A1
1
D 1   B  A  B 
1
A  A1  A  B  B 1
 
 A1 AB 1  A1 B 1  B 1  A1

or D 1  B 1  A1
From equation (i) and (ii)
C 1  D 1
or CC 1 D  CD 1 D or D  C
Therefore, option (a) is correct.
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Q54. Which one of the following vectors lie along the line of intersection of the two planes
x  3 y  z  5 and 2 x  2 y  4 z  3 ?
(a) 10 iˆ  2 ˆj  5kˆ (b) 10 iˆ  6 ˆj  8kˆ
(c) 10 iˆ  2 ˆj  5kˆ (d) 10 iˆ  2 ˆj  5kˆ

Ans. : (b)

 iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ
Solution: Unit vector normal to x  3 y  z  5 is nˆ1    
 1 9 1 11

 2iˆ  2 ˆj  4kˆ 2iˆ  2 ˆj  4kˆ
Unit vector normal to 2 x  2 y  4 z  3 is nˆ2    
 4  4  16 24
Check for option (b) nˆ  10 iˆ  6 ˆj  8kˆ

10  18  8 20  12  32
nˆ1.nˆ  0 and nˆ2 .nˆ  0
11 24
 

Q55. What is the value of the integral 

dx x 2   2 cos x ?
1 1
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 0
2 
Ans. : (c)

Solution:  x 2   2   1
  x       x    
     
1
   x       x    
2 
 
Therefore,   
dx  x 2   2 cos x 
1
2  dx   x       x    cos x
 
1 1 1
 cos   cos       1  1  
2 2 
Q56. Let A be a hermitian matrix, and C and D be the unitary matrices. Which one of the
following matrices is unitary?
(a) C 1 AC (b) C 1 DC (c) C 1 AD (d) A1CD
Ans. : (b)
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    
† †
Solution: C 1DC C 1DC  C 1DCC † D† C 1
 I , therefore  C DC  C   
1 1 † †
Since C is unitary CC 1 DC  C 1DD† C 1
    
† †
Since D is unitary DD†  I , therefore, C 1DC C 1DC  C 1 C 1
Since for any invertible matrix  C    C  we have 1 †  1
C DC C DC   C C  † 1
1 1 † 1
Since C is unitary C †  C 1 , therefore,
C    
1 † 1
DC C 1DC  C 1 C 1  C 1C  I
Therefore, C 1DC is a unitary matrix.
 1 13 
Q57. Consider a 2  2 matrix A   27
 what is A ?
 0 1 
 1 13   1 1327   1 27   1 351
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
0 1  0 1  0 1  0 1 
Ans. : (d)
 1 13 
Solution: Given A    , it can be easily proved (by mathematical induction) that
0 1 
 1 13n 
An   
0 1 
 1 13.27   1 351
For n  27 , A27    
0 1  0 1 
Q58. A person plans to go from town A to town B by taking either the route  R1  R 2  with
1 1
probability or the route  R1  R3 with probability (see
2 2 R2
1
figure). Further, there is a probability that R1 is blocked, a
3 R1
A B
1 1
probability that R 2 is blocked, and a probability that R3 is
3 3
R3
blocked. What is the probability that he/she would reach town B ?
8 1 4 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 3 9 3
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Ans. : (c)
Solution: Given that probability of R1 blocked =1/3
1 2
Probability of R1 not blocked  1  
3 3
1
Probability from A to B without restriction 
2
1 2
Route R 2 probability   not blocked
2 3
1 2
Route R3  
2 3
2 1 2 1 2 4
Total probability  A  B      
3  2 3 2 3  9
 
Consider a function f  x   Pk  x  e in the domain x   ,   , where Pk is any
 x4  2 x2
Q59.
polynomial of degree k . What is the maximum possible number of extrema of the

function?
(a) k  3 (b) k  3 (c) k  2 (d) k  1
Ans. : (a)
Solution: f  x   pk  x  e

 x4  2 x2 
Let k  0 , f  x    0  x  e

 x4  2 x2 
Number of extrema
P0  x   1, k  0
Number of extrema  1
k 1  0 1  1
Q60. The Euler polynomials are defined by

2e xs xn
  En  s 
e x  1 n 0 n!
What is the value of E5  2   E5  3 ?
Ans. : 64
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xs  n
2e x
Solution: x   En  s 
e  1 n 0 n!
En  x  1  En  x   2 x n
E5  x  1  E5  x   2 x5
x  2  2  25  64
Q61. What is the angle (in degrees) between the surfaces y 2  z 2  2 and y 2  x 2  0 at the
point 1, 1,1
Ans. : 60
Solution: The equations of two surfaces are
f  x, y, z   2 and g  x, y, z   0
where f  x. y, z   y 2  z 2 and g  x, y, z   y 2  x 2
The normal to the first surfaces is

 f f ˆ f ˆ 
f  iˆ  j  k  f  2 yjˆ  2 zkˆ
x y z
 g g ˆ g ˆ 
g  iˆ   j k  g  2 xiˆ  2 yjˆ
x y z
 
At point 1, 1,1 , f  2 ˆj  2kˆ and g  2iˆ  ˆj
Hence the angle between the two surfaces is
  cos 1
 
f g
   cos 1
 
2 ˆj  2kˆ  2iˆ  2 ˆj 
f g 8 8
4
or   cos 1  cos 1/ 2  600
8
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Jest-Mathematical Physics

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fiziks

Pole at z  i is simple pole of second order.

 e 1  e2  2e2  2e 3  3e3  3e 4  4e4  4e5 

(a)  z cos 2   sin 2  eˆ    sin  cos  1  z eˆ

(b)  z cos 2   sin 2  eˆ    sin  cos  1  z eˆ

(c)  z sin 2   cos 2  eˆ    sin  cos  1  z eˆ

(d)  z sin 2   cos 2  eˆ    sin  cos  1  z eˆ

 A   cos    sin   z   sin   cos   A   cos   sin  1  z  eˆ

P  n  0   3   e5/ 3  0.1886  0.19

Q12. What is the value of the following series?

(a) c1e x / x (b) c1 x  c 2 / x (c) c1 xe x  c 2 (d) c1e x  c 2 xe x

 Roots are equal, then f  x    c1  c2 x  e x  f  x   c1e x  c2 xe x

behaved function f x  . If x has the dimension of momentum then

(b)   x  has the dimension of (momentum) 2

(d)   x  has the dimension of (momentum) 1

Q20. The value of limit

(a) 0 (b) 2 i (c)  i (d)   i

If C is a constant, which of the following relations is true?

From (i) and (ii), 2 xy  4 y  f  x   2 xy  2 x  f  y 

Number of point in population n  P   62  36

x   ,   and Pk  x  is an arbitrary polynomial of degree k ?

(a) k  2 (b) k  6 (c) k  3 (d) k

For maximum number of extrema,

From the sign scheme maximum number of extrema  k  3

Q26. Consider the differential equation G x   kG  x     x  ; where k is a constant. Which of

 2  1  3  2......  100  99  100  1  10  1  9

Q29. The mean value of random variable x with probability density

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 7

(c)  z y  2x (d)  z y  1x

The equation of plane at point 1, 2, 2  is

(a) 2 exp   k 2   exp  2k 2  (b) 

Q40. If     , where  ’s are the Pauli matrices and I is the identity

between x   2m  1  and  2m  1  , where m   to  . Using Fourier series,

indicate the correct relation at x  0

bn  0 , due to even function

1  e  1n e   1n e   1n e  1n  2  1n  2sinh  2  1n sinh 

2  1 sinh   1  1    1

m  n , where Pm  x  and Pn  x  are the Legendre polynomials of order m and n

Q43. The Laplace transform of

Q44. Two of the eigenvalues of the matrix

Eliminating a from equation (i) and putting it in (ii) gives

where xi ’s are the roots of the equation f  x   0 .

Therefore, sin  x  0   x  n  xi  n where n is an integer

Q46. The integral

The order of the group is 4 .

We know z is not analytic and z and  z are analytic. So answer is (c).

matrices, C  A  A  B  B and D  B  A  B  A . Which of the following relations

always hold true?

 A1 AB 1  A1 B 1  B 1  A1

(a) 10 iˆ  2 ˆj  5kˆ (b) 10 iˆ  6 ˆj  8kˆ

(c) 10 iˆ  2 ˆj  5kˆ (d) 10 iˆ  2 ˆj  5kˆ

Check for option (b) nˆ  10 iˆ  6 ˆj  8kˆ

Since for any invertible matrix  C    C  we have 1 †  1

Since C is unitary C †  C 1 , therefore,

polynomial of degree k . What is the maximum possible number of extrema of the

What is the value of E5  2   E5  3 ?

point 1, 1,1

The normal to the first surfaces is

Hence the angle between the two surfaces is

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