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Semoogle - An Ontology Based Search

Engine

Nooshin Aghajani

Master in Information Systems


Submission date: June 2012
Supervisor: Torbjørn Skramstad, IDI
Co-supervisor: Jingyue Li, Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Norwegian University of Science and Technology


Department of Computer and Information Science
  
      

 


 

 


      
    
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Investigating related works in literature

Building ontology to define the relationship between the terms

Creating Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Searching Google using the Google API search

Categorizing the results at predefined categories

Evaluating the results of application vs. traditional Google search results

Discussion and Conclusions

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Ontology
User query Query expansion
Google search engine

Google search results

Final result Categorize results Categorize Interpretation of


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<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
<!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" >
<!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" >
<!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" >
<!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
<!ENTITY Ontology1335173950609 "
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#" >
]>

<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#"
xml:base="http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:Ontology1335173950609=
"http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about=
"http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl">
<rdfs:comment>A security ontology that discribe the various terms based on
relationship between the terms.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Ontology>

<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Annotation properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->

<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Object Properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#AffectedBy -->

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;AffectedBy">
<rdfs:range>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;AffectedBy"/>

FD
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:range>
</owl:ObjectProperty>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#isRelateing
-->

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;isRelateing"/>

<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Classes
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Application
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Application">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Logical_Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Application_Vulnera
bility -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Application_Vulnerability">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Assets -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Assets">
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Safeguards"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Source_of_Attack"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Audit_And_Monitorin

FE
5  6 5/ 4?# 4 )!" K #
g-Logs -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Audit_And_Monitoring-Logs">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Safeguards"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Avoidance -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Avoidance">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Fault"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Common_cause
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Common_cause">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;physical_assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Components -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Components">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Physical_Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Components_Fails
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Components_Fails">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Equipment_Failure"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#DDoS -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;DDoS">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;DoS"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Dangerous -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Dangerous">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;physical_assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<
<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Dependent -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Dependent">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;physical_assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#DoS -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;DoS">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#DuQu -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;DuQu">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Worm"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Equipment_Failure
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Equipment_Failure">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Source_of_Attack"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Error -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Error">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Operating_System_Vulnerability"
/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Failure -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Failure">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Operating_System_Vulnerability"
/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Fault -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Fault">

<
5  6 5/ 4?# 4 )!" K #
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Operating_System_Vulnerability"
/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Fingerprinting -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Fingerprinting">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Firewalls -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Firewalls">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Safeguards"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Flood -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Flood">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Hacker_Attack -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Hacker_Attack">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Human_Origin"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Hardware -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Hardware">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Physical_Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Hardware_Vulnerabil
ity -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Hardware_Vulnerability">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability"/>
</owl:Class>

<
<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Human_Origin
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Human_Origin">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Source_of_Attack"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Human_error
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Human_error">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Error"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#ICT -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;ICT">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Physical_Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Information
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Information">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Logical_Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Insider_Attack -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Insider_Attack">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Human_Origin"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Intrusin_Detection_
System -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Intrusin_Detection_System">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Safeguards"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Logical_Assets -->

<A
5  6 5/ 4?# 4 )!" K #

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Logical_Assets">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Malicious_Code -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Malicious_Code">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Malicious_Code_Dete
ction_And_Elimination -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Malicious_Code_Detection_And_Elimination">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Safeguards"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Malware -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Malware">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Malicious_Code"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Mistake -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Mistake">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Error"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Module -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Module">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Application"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Network -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Network">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Physical_Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<B
<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Network_Snooping
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Network_Snooping">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Network_Vulnerabili
ty -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Network_Vulnerability">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Operating_System_Vu
lnerability -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Operating_System_Vulnerability">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Operator_Error -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Operator_Error">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Human_Origin"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Password_Attack -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Password_Attack">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Passwords -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Passwords">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Safeguards"/>
</owl:Class>

<C
5  6 5/ 4?# 4 )!" K #
<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Physical_Assets -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Physical_Assets">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Physical_Fails -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Physical_Fails">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Equipment_Failure"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Power_Fails
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Power_Fails">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Equipment_Failure"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Protocols -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Protocols">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Logical_Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Role_Based_Access_C
ontrol -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Role_Based_Access_Control">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Safeguards"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#SCADA -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;SCADA">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Physical_Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Safe -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Safe">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;physical_assets"/>

<F
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Safeguards -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Safeguards">
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Source_of_Attack"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Safety_Instruments
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Safety_Instruments">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Physical_Assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Scanning -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Scanning">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Security_Adminstrat
ion_Vulnerability -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Security_Adminstration_Vulnerability">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Sniffing -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Sniffing">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Social_Engineering
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Social_Engineering">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<<
5  6 5/ 4?# 4 )!" K #

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Software_Flaws -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Software_Flaws">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Equipment_Failure"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Source_of_Attack
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Source_of_Attack">
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Spoofing -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Spoofing">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Stuxnet -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Stuxnet">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Worm"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Symetric_Key_Crypto
graphy -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Symetric_Key_Cryptography">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Safeguards"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Threats -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Threats">
<owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability"/>
</owl:Class>

<D
<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Tolerance -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Tolerance">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Fault"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Trojan_Horse
-->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Trojan_Horse">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Malware"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#User_Error -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;User_Error">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Human_Origin"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Virus -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Virus">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Malware"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Vulnerability -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Vulnerability">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&owl;Thing"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#Worm -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Worm">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Virus"/>
</owl:Class>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#hardware -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;hardware">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;Failure"/>
</owl:Class>

<E
5  6 5/ 4?# 4 )!" K #

<!--
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#physical_assets -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;physical_assets"/>

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2012/3/Ontology1335173950609.owl#systematic -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;systematic">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&Ontology1335173950609;physical_assets"/>
</owl:Class>

<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// General axioms
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->

<rdf:Description>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;AllDisjointClasses"/>
<owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Audit_And_Monitoring-Logs"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Firewalls"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Intrusin_Detection_System"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about=
"&Ontology1335173950609;Malicious_Code_Detection_And_Elimination"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Passwords"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Role_Based_Access_Control"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Symetric_Key_Cryptography"/>
</owl:members>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;AllDisjointClasses"/>
<owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Hacker_Attack"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Insider_Attack"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Operator_Error"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;User_Error"/>
</owl:members>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;AllDisjointClasses"/>
<owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Components_Fails"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Physical_Fails"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Power_Fails"/>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&Ontology1335173950609;Software_Flaws"/>
</owl:members>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

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5  6 >/ 2"(  #  !

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