- Stedg Tegether To Biscess Use Sito - GRAMMAR REVIEW: WORD FORMS A word may have one or more related forms. Notice, for example, how the word decide changes form: Noun ‘The decision was made months ago. Verb ‘We decided to move to a larger house. Adjective His decisive action brought order to the meeting. Adverb She acted very decisively.Suilding Supporting Skills Nouns are used to express people, places, physical objects, concepts, and activities. They are found in the following positions: Subject The doctor came immediately. Complement ‘My mother is a doctor. Object We saw the doctor. ‘The nurse gave the file to the doctor. ‘The nurse stood beside the doctor. Verbs are used to express the action or a state of being of the subject. Verbs must agree in number and person with the subject: Linda and Jan jog around the lake every day. Carlos was upset with us for leaving him behind. Adjectives are words that modify (describe) nouns. Adjectives have only one form, ‘which is used with both singular and plural nouns. With the exception of this/these and scones here ome ce ey ” Te mn was cin several owe apes ‘The heavy books were difficult forthe litle boy to carry. abd " ‘These heavy books belonged to his mother. Adjectives have two positions. They usually come before the noun they describe or after a verb that links the adjective to the subject: aw aps oN We had a wonderful meal at the new restaurant. " nou The meal was expensive. " 05 The restaurant is becoming very popular. To determine if a word is an adjective, ask yourself whether it can answer the question “What kind of ___}” Look at the following sentence: Iwas sad because | lost my lace handkerchief. Sad answers the question “What kind of person was I?” and Jace answers the question “What kind of handkerchief was it?” Therefore sad and lace are adjectives. ‘Adve most vet sectvesandaher aves Like adecives, aves have no ee “The soldier fought bravely. ‘ADY ADs Tam very fond of toffee. soy ADv Jeff speaks too quickly. ‘To determine if a word is an adverb, check whether it can answer questions beginning with “How,” “When?,” “Where?,” or “How often?” Look at the following sentences: The boy skipped happily along the road. went outside.Part 1 Building Supporting Skills In the first example, happily answers the question “How did the boy skip?” Therefore, happily is an adverb. In the second example, outside answers the question ‘Where did I go?” Therefore, outside is an adverb. Adverbs can be used in many different positions in the sentence: Frequently I eat out. frequently eat out. Teat out frequently. Most adverbs are formed by adding -Iy to the adjective form: a0 apy He was a brave soldier. She is a competent driver. ADV nov He fought bravely. She drives competently. Some adverbs and adjectives have the same form: deep hard ate low 3 early high leisurely much far kindly little near fast The adverb forms highly, lowly, deeply, nearly, hardly, and lately exist, but they have different meanings from the adverb form without -ly: abv ‘The seagull soared high above the rocks. ("Where did the seagull fly?” A long way above the rocks.] ADV The people spoke highly of their governor. ("How did the people speak?” Favorably, or with praise.) ‘The adverbs warmly, hotly, coolly, coldly, presently, shortly, scarcely, and barely also have different meanings from their adjective forms: nos It was a hot day. (The temperature was high.) ov ‘They debated the issue hotly. (They showed strong emotions during the debate.) Suffixes are groups of letters placed at the end of a word to modify its meaning or change it into a different word form. They are helpful in identifying word forms: ‘The employer's enthusiasm infected all the employees equally. -er, -or, and -ee are endings used for people. -ism and -asm are endings used for nouns. ed is an ending for verbs and adjectives. -ly is an ending for most adverbs and some adjectives. ‘The following chart can help you identify word forms: ferns -acy (-ey) age val -ance (-ence) -ant [-ent), -ant (-ent)