Cohort (Noun) - Group, Caste, Set, Section, Category

Depression due to unemployment is a common problem for the people of the young age cohort in
India.

Plop (Verb) - Drop, Plunk, Slump, Dribble, Plummet

Compact disc sales plopped when the ability to download music became available.

Ominous (Adjective)- Inauspicious, Jinx, Sinister, Apocalyptic, Predicting unfortunate

Becoz of ominous music, we knew that something was about to happened in the movie.

Sanative (Adjective) - Curative, Alleviative, Remedial, Corrective, Healing

Avoiding a spike in blood sugar by making the right food choices is curative for some diabetes.

Tempestuous (Adjective) - Explosive, Turbulent, Stormy, Tumultuous

During Hurricanes, the ocean water became Tempestuous.

Sinewy (Adjective)-Strong, Sturdy, Powerful, Firm, Robust, herculean

Because the tree was so sinewy, it did not bend under the force of the hurricane winds.

Grave (Adjective) - Serious, Alarming, Solemn, Weighty, Critical

Antonyms- Trivial, Frivolous, Unimportant
Careless in meditation could have grave consequences.

Ebb (Verb) – Deteriorate, Decline, Wane, Degenerate, Atrophy

Antonyms- Flourish, Strengthen, Intensify, Increase
Because of so many people are using the hotel’s Wi-Fi access, the internet speed has started to ebb.

Inexorable (Adjective) - Inevitable, Unstoppable, Unavoidable, Irrevocable, Inescapable

Antonyms- Preventable, Stoppable

Egoist
Egotist
Altruist
Introvert
Exovert
Ambivert
Ascetic
Misogenist
Misoanthrop
Misogamist

INTERNIST
GYNACOLOGIST
OBSTETRICIAN
PEDIATRICIAN
DERMATOLOGIST
OPTHALMOLOGIST
ORTHOPEDIST
CARDIOLOGIST
NEUROLOGIST
PSYCHIATRIST

MARTINET
SYCOPHANT
DILETTANTE
AMAZON- STRONGFUL WOMAN
CHOBENIST
BIRAGO
PANATIC-MADNESS
MONOMANIAC
ICONOCLAST
SCEPTIC- Doubtful
AETHEIST
THEIST
AGNOSTIC
LECHER- FOR MAN, THARKI

) National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (NSCFDC) –

 It was set up in Feb 1989, under section 25 of Companies Act 1956.

 Economic Empowerment of the Schedule Caste communities living below the Double
the Poverty Line (DPL) Limit is the main aim of NSCFDC.
 NSCFDC provides loans at concessional rates (Term loans, Educational loans, Micro
Finance) through RRBs and State Channelizing Agencies, assistance for skill
development to achieve its aim of uplifting Scheduled caste communities.

2) National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) –

 This is a not for profit Government company established in 2001.

  The purpose of NSTFDC is to help with the economic empowerment of the
Scheduled Tribes community.
 Economic Empowerment is achieved by extending financial assistance to Self Help
groups (₹25 lakhs), individual members (up to ₹50,000), concessional loans to Tribal
artisans, Term loans, loans under Adivasi Mahila Shashaktikaran Yojana to Tribal
women, etc.

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3) National Safai Karamcharies Finance and Development Corporation (NSKFDC) –

 NSKFDC was set up in 1997 as a not for profit company by the government with a
share capital of ₹600 crores.
 Funds are disbursed by NSKFDC to the RRBs, Nationalised Banks, State
Channelizing agencies from where the actual beneficiaries (Safai Karamcharies)
receive the funds.
 NSKFDC provided the Financial assistance of ₹25 Lacs under Swach Udayami
Yojana and ₹15 lacs for general scheme.

4) National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC) –

 NBCFDC was set up in 1992 as a not for profit company by the government with the
authorised share capital of ₹1500 crores.
 Economic Development of Backward classes through economic assistance, skill
development, etc. is the main goal of this corporation.
 Until 2017, NBCFDC has disbursed loans ₹3575.52 crores to persons from Other
backward classes.

5) National Minorities Finance and Development Corporation (NMFDC) –

 NMFDC was set up in 1994 under section 25 of Companies act, 1956 Acta not for
profit company by the government.
 The Primary objective of NMFDC is to provide concessional finance to persons from
Minority communities for self-employment and employment generation activities.
 The NMFDC would work for the economic development of Muslim, Christian, Sikh,
Buddhist, Parsi and Jain communities which are notified minority communities as per
the Government.

6) National Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation (NHFDC) –

 NHFDC was set up in 1997 by the government under the section 25 of Companies
Act, 1956 with a share capital of ₹400 crores.
  This is the apex corporation which works for the economic development of Persons
with Disabilities (PwDs) – Divyangjan in India.
 Financial assistance through concessional loans are provided to Handicapped persons
for setting up income generating activities, higher education, etc.

7) Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMM)

 This is an apex and autonomous microfinance organisation under the Indian

Government’s Ministry of Women and Child Development.
 RMM’s main objective is to bring about socio-economic development of women from
poor sections of society by providing microcredit at concessional rates.
 The loans to poor women entrepreneurs are provided by RMM through inter-
mediatory Organisations (IMO).

8) MUDRA Bank Yojana

 MUDRA Bank was launched by the PM in 2015 with the aim of providing loans up to
₹10 lakhs to non-corporate, non-farm small/micro enterprises.
 Under the scheme, loans are provided by commercial banks, RRBs, small financial
banks, co-operative banks, MFIs and NBFCs.
 There are 3 types of loans under MUDRA Yojna – Shishu, Kishore and Tarun.

9) Stand up India Scheme

 Under this scheme, every bank branch has to facilitate a loan of ₹10 lakhs to ₹1 crore
to at least 1 Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) and one women borrower
for setting up a greenfield enterprise.
 The Greenfield enterprise could be in the manufacturing, services or trading sector.

10) Venture Capital Fund Scheme

 This scheme’s objective is to promote entrepreneurship among the Scheduled Caste

community of India by providing concessional finance to them.
 The scheme was launched by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

11) Credit Enhancement Guarantee Scheme

 The scheme was announced by the Finance Minister in 2014.

 This scheme is aimed at promoting entrepreneurial spirit among the youth belonging
to the Scheduled Caste of India.
  Funds are allocated to promote Startup by Scheduled Caste persons which would
result in job creating and confidence building among this section of the society.

12) Prime Minister Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

 PMJDY is one of biggest Financial inclusion scheme launched in India.

 The scheme’s primary objective is to provide banking, insurance and pension
facilities to the weaker sections of the Indian population.
 Under PMJDY, about 1.5 crore bank accounts were opened across the country.

These organisations were in the 3 corners of India – Bengal, Bombay and Madras.

1) Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha

 This was started by Associates of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1836.

 Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the first Politically active leader in the modern
sense.
 He started agitations for demands like appointments of Indians to Higher Govt
Offices, Freedom of Press, Prevent Zamindari Oppression of Ryots, etc.

2) Zamindari Association (Bengal Landholder’s Society)

 It was formed in 1836 by Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Dwarkanath Tagore and

Radhakant Deb.
 The main purpose of the organisation was safeguarding the interests of Landlords.
 They used constitutional methods of agitation to fulfil their demands.

3) British India Society

 The Organisation was set up in 1843 by William Adam, a friend of Raja Ram Mohan
Roy, In England.
 The organisation’s aim was to improve the situation of Indians by letting the people of
England know of the dire condition in which the British were keeping the Indians.
 They used constitutional and Legal means to achieve this aim.

4) British India Association

  The Bengal Landholder’s Society and British India Society merged together to form
British India Association in 1851
 Post merger, they used to submit petitions for the grievances of common people as
well.
 They had submitted a petition to British Parliament with suggestions for the new
Charter Law of the company. The suggestions were – a separate legislative council of
popular nature, Abolition of stamp, salt and abkari duties, reducing the salaries of
British officers at higher posts, etc.
 In the Charter Act of 1853, one of the above suggestion was incorporated and the
Governor General’s Council for Legislative purposes was expanded by adding 6 new
members.
 However, the organisation was not able to penetrate the country through its branches,
mainly because of lack of a constructive political policy.
 Post 1857 revolt, the organisation supported the British in giving harsh punishments
to the rebels.

5) Indian League

 In 1875, noted journalist Sisir Kumar Ghosh had started the Indian League in
Calcutta.
 Its main aim was to develop the feeling of nationalism among the common people.

6) Indian Association of Calcutta (Indian National Association)

 Indian League was superseded by the Young Bengali Nationalists like Anand Mohan
Bose and Surendranath Banerjee and Indian Association of Calcutta (Indian National
Association) was formed in 1876.
 British India Association’s pro landlord policies and conservative outlook was a
source of discontent among young Bengali’s, which led to the formation of this
organisation.
 The demands of Indian Association of Calcutta were nationalist in nature, which
makes it one of the most important pre-congress nationalist association.
 Reforming of civil services Examinations, generating and unifying a public opinion
on political issues of national importance.
 They opened branches in different cities to expand its membership among the masses.
 Surendranath Banerjee was the first Indian to gain all India popularity when he
travelled across India to gain support for the demands of the association.
 This organisation was later merged with the Indian National Congress.

7) East India Association

 Dadabhai Nawrojee started the East India Association in London in 1867.

 The association’s main goal was to make the people of UK aware about the conditions
in India and generate a popular support among British People for Indian Welfare.
 This association is also called the predecessor to the Indian National Congress.
 In 1866, the Ethnological Society of London, tried to prove Asian’s were inferior to
the Europeans. The East India Association’s work also targeted to challenge this
notion.
 The association had opened Branches in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta in 1869
8) Bombay Association (Bombay Native Association)

 In 1852, Jaggannath Shankersheth started the Bombay Association along with Sir
Jamshedji Jejibhai, Jagannath Shankarshet, Naoroji Fursungi, Dr. Bhau Daji Lad,
Dadabhai Naoroji and Vinayak Shankarshet.
 This is also called as the first political party/organisation in Bombay Province.
 They too aimed to address public grievances through Legal agitational means.

9) Poona Sarvanajanik Sabha

 It was started in 1870 by Mahadev Govind Ranade and his associates in Pune.
 They aimed to be a connecting link between the Government and the common people.
 It also worked for the legal rights of the peasants.
 Many prominent leaders of Freedom struggle like, Lokmanya Tilak were member of
this organisation.

10) Bombay Presidency Association

 The association was started in 1885 by Pheroshah Mehta, Badruddin Tayabji and KT
Telang.
 It was formed in opposition to the Ilbert Bill and Lytton’s other reactionary policies.

11) Madras Native Association

 Formed by Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty in 1849 in Madras Presidency.

 It was the First Political Organisation in Madras

12) Madras Mahajan Sabha

 It was formed in 1884 in Madras by B. Subramaniya Aiyyar, P. Ananda-Charlu and

M. Viraraghavachari.
 The organisation took moderate stance on opposing govt policies in the beginning.