D.Lungu R.Vcreanu A.Aldea_ C. Arion ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ‘Moderate Extensive Moderate-code seismic design in Romania MSK intensity | Building construction | Vill & IX after 1977 | Se ead | REN IA Oh 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 Equivalent-PGA ing Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest CONPRESS - Bucharest, 20001, INTRODUCTION The book is intended to cover recent advances in earthquake engineering and wind engineering with emphasis on Romania natural hazards and building categories from Bucharest. The book represents a condensed version of research and technical work done during the last years, which was presented at numerous Intemational and National Conferences and has been granted by various national and international institutions, as they are described into the volume. In a large extent the results in the book were possible due to long term collaborative effort of our colleagues and friends: Dr.T.Comea from JPCT $.4. and Dr.S.Demetriu from UTCB, Dr.T.Moldoveanu from GEOTEC S.A., Dr.0.Coman from Stevenson & Assoc. Bucharest Office. The book aims to support the implementation of EUROCODE 1, Part 1 Basis of Design and Part 2 Loading and of EUROCODE 8, Design Provisions for Earthquake resistance of structures into Romanian civil engineering practice as well as to follow some of the most recent developments from American building codes (ASCE 7, 2000, UBC, etc.), earthquake loss estimation methodologies (HAZUS, 1998, etc.), The book should be useful to the students from UTCB, Department of Civil Engineering, English Section for the courses “Advanced Structural Analysis”, 4” year, and “Reliability and Risk Analysis”, 3“ year, as well as to the researchers and professional engineers. The book should be completed soon with the next volume on soil-structure interaction by Dr.0.Coman. Dan Lungu Bucharest, December 20002, PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE HAZARD & EARTHQUAKE RISK 2.1 Probabilistic hazard assessment The paragraph 2.1 is based on the work presented at NATO Advanced Research Workshop “Strong Motion Instrumentation For Civil Engineering Structures”, Istanbul, Turkey, June 2-5, 1999, under the title “Assessment Of Seismic Hazard In Romania Based On 25 Years Of Strong Ground Motion Instrumentation” by D. Lungu, C. Arion, A. Aldea, S. Demetriu. Romania seismic networks and available records The first and the most important free-field strong ground motion in Romania was recorded in Bucharest, at INCERC seismic station, during March 4, 1977 Vrancea earthquake (M,=7.5, h=109 km, epicentral distance to Bucharest 105 km). The accelerogram (0.2g peak ground acceleration and /.6s long predominant period of soil vibration) was recorded on a SMAC-B Japanese instrument and further digitized and processed by the Observational Committee of Strong Motion Earthquake of the Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction of Japan, January 1978 (254 pages Report) In the decade following the 1977 strong earthquake, on the territory of Romania were installed 3 strong motion networks: INCERC (Building Research Institute), INFP (National Institue of Earth Physics) and GEOTEC (Institute for Geotechnical and Geophysical Studies). The free-field instrumentation at JNCERC was developed in connection with building instrumentation. The present JNCERC network have more than 70 analog SMA-I Kinemetrics instruments as well as 15 digital ADS Romanian instruments. It is still the largest and the richest (as number of existing strong accelerograms) seismic network of Romania. The free-field strong motion of INFP was developed from a PNUD/UNESCO support and now it has about 25 SMA-/ Kinemetrics instruments. In the last decade the network was developed in cooperation with Geophysical Institute of Karlsruhe University. The two institutes recently installed about 30 K2 Kinemerrics accelerometers as a one of the components of the SFB 46] German-Romanian project on Vrancea earthquakes. The GEOTEC seismic network is the network that monitories dams and hydraulic structures. It has about 20 instruments (3/4 are SMA-/ accelerometers). The presently in use strong motion accelerographs of Romania seismic networks are indicated on the map in Figure 2.1 and in Table 2.1. It is emphasized that the main target of the net is the Vrancea seismic zone in Carpathians, as well as Bucharest and densely urbanized areas of the South-East of Romania. The envelope of the peak ground acceleration (PGA, cm/s’) and the effective peak velocity (PGV, cm/s) recorded in Romania during the last 3 strongest Vrancea earthquakes are interpolated in Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3. They clearly show directivity (N45°E) of the suberustal Vrancea sources activity, as well as the phenomenon of large velocities on the soft soil of Romanian Plain, in the South-East of Romania.