Adam $. Bolton April 24, 2002 boltonGmit.edu MIT 8.02 Spring 2002 Assignment #8 Solutions Problem 8.1 An LRC circuit. 50 500™ 15mH c__| 800 Ow == or Vosin(wt) R = 40V WW (a) As discussed in lecture (and in Giancoli Section 31-6, p. 780), in an LRC circuit, the driving frequency at which the current reaches a maximum (resonance) is 1 1 "Tie ~ Jiouisy x 10-5) (b) From Giancoli Section 31-5 (pp. 776-779), we have : Yo . I(t) = Igsin(wt — ¢) = == sin(ut - d) « ee ec or=scn eae (Note: Giancoli adopts the convention t = 0 when the current in the circuit I(t) = 0. In this problem, our convention is to take t = 0 when the source voltage V(t) = 0. So, to apply Giancoli’s results to our situation, we shift the origin in time according to Wteiancati = Wye — 6-) 3651.5 rad/s ‘Thus we have w _[w (rad/s) | ) [wk (@) | JR + (OL tac? (®) | hy (A) 0.25 wp |__913 29 | 137 220 0.8 wo 3051_| 548 | 548 80 0.50 Tuo | 14606 | 137 | 219 220 0.8 (c) For w = wo, wh = 1/wC, and thus the phase angle @ between the peak current and peal source voltage is zero (see Giancoli Equation (31-10a), p. 778). This gives I(t) = Yo sin wotMIT 8.02 Spring 2002 ~ Assignment #8 Solutions 2 Since I = dQ/dt, we have for the charge on the capacitor ees Qt) = —Toroswnt (The “integration constant” must be zero: our solution for the circuit behavior has assumed. that the voltage across the capacitor, and hence the charge on the capacitor, is purely sinusoidal in time.) So, rot) — 1S VO purr) — VOX cost Ul) = 36 nao (wot) = dip C08" (wot) = (0.0019) cos?(upt) (Joules), 7 = VEL MQ) = 5h = yee = (0.0019) sin?(wpt) (Joules). sin? (wot) Problem 8.2 Average power dissipated in an LRC circuit. (Giancoli 31-20) (In the opinion of the solution author, the instantaneous power P = IV of this problem should be called the “power delivered by the power supply”, not the “power dissipated in the circuit”.) From J = Jgsin(wt) and V = Vosin(wt + 4), we have P=IV = hVosin(ut) sin(wt +) . Next we make use of the trigonometric identity sin(a + 8) =sinacos §+cosasing , giving P = [)V|sin®(wt) cos @ + sin(wt) cos(wt) sin 4] The average of sin®(ut) over one period is 4, while the average of sin (wt) cos(.2t) is zero, s0 we have 1 P TpVo cos , as advertised.MIT 8.02 Spring 2002 ~ Assignment #8 Solutions 3 Problem 8.3 Width of resonance peak. (Giancoli 31-30) (Note: to be consistent with previous notation, the problem statement should really ask for the difference between the two frequencies where Iy = Moynax-) The results of problem 8.1(b) suggest that driving frequencies w = aw and w = a~!wo will give the same peak current Jp. We can see this plainly if we use wy = 1/VLC to recast the expression for Jo Yo 7 vo [RE + (wh —1fwCP Ry + php (w/wo - wo/w)? Now, let w, and w be the two driving frequencies on either side of the resonance peak that give Jo = Momax = 4Vo/R. In view of (??), they will evidently be related to ws by Wy = au» and w. = a”'uy for some a. If the resonance peak is sharp, [q(w) falls of very quickly on either side of wp, so w, and w_ must be relatively close to wy. Thus we can take a =1+6, with 6 <1. This gives wy = (1+ d)wo, w = (1+ 6) "lwo © (1 — d)uy, and 14 — Ww & 26uy. For w = either wy or w_, : : ; (8 =) x (at0- asa) we (4:26)? = 45? we nae =1C(du)?. 2) = (a) We can now find Aw by plugging (22) into (22): 1 Yo Ye = Fly SP oh 2” RYi+ B(Awy 2B This solves easily to give as we were to show.