မဟာစည္ဆရာေတာ္ စူဠေဝဒလႅသုတ္

rmwdum
w&m;yv’ifcH
okwf\ed'gef;
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ouúm,ac: 'ku©opömtar;
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pJGvrf;yHk ½Sif;jycsuf
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eHqJü Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; xif½Sm;yHk
pm;odqJü Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; xif½Sm;yHk
xdodqJü Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; xif½Sm;yHk
0dyóem½Ií Oyg'gefuif;Nidrf;yHk
BuHodqJü Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; xif½Sm;yHk
cE¨mESifh Oyg'geu©E¨m cGJyHk
ork',opöm tar;
ork',opöm tajz
wPSmoHk;yg;
1/ urwPSm
2/ b0wPSm
3/ 0db0wPSm
eda&m"opömtar;
eda&m"opöm tajz
y#dpöorkyÜg'f y#dvHkESifh edAÁmeft&wlyif
t&d,r*fjzifh edAÁmefawGYyHk
r*¾opöm tar;
r*¾opöm tajz
r*¾if½Spfyg;
t&d,r*fu edAÁmefjrifyHk
edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyKyHk
Oyg'gefESifh Oyg'geu©E¨m tar;
Oyg'gefESifh Oyg'geu©E¨ tajz
ouúm,'d|djzpfyHk tar;
ouúm,'d|djzpfyHk tajz
owdy|mefudk yGg;apwkdif; aAm"dyud©, w&m;rsm; yg0ifyHk
w0guswnf;qufí teufjyefyHk
½kyfqdkif&m ouúm,'d|d 4-yg;
ouúm,'d|d ESpfq,f
ouúm,'d|d ESpfq,frSwfzG,fwenf;
ouúm,'d|d uif;yHk tar;
ouúm,'d|d uif;yHk tajz
t&d,r*f tar;
t&d,r*f tajz
ocFw-tocFw tar;
ocFwjzpfaMumif; tajz
o*F[dwac: odrf;,ltyfyHk tar;
o*F[dwac: odrf;,ltyfyHk tajz
orm"dESifh orm"dedrdwf ponftar;
orm"dESifh orm"dedrdwf ponftajz
ocFg& tar;ESifhtajz
eda&m"ormywf tar;tajz
a0'em tar;tajz
a0'emoHk;yg;ü udavomudef;yHktar;tajz
tEko, 2-rsdK;ESifh y,fyHk ½Sif;jycsuf
tEko,y,fyHk tar;tajz
ocFg½kayu©m\ nDrQrI*kPf 3-yg;
yHkwltar;tajz
'Dokwf\ trnfqkdif&m jyqdkcsuf
bk&m;xHü avQmufxm;yHk
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ csD;usL;rdefYMum;awmfrlyHk
"r®'dEémax&D {w'*fbGJYxl;&yHk
rmwdumNyD;\/
plVa0'v’okwfed'gef; 1
tcs;D ed'gef;
þed'gef;a&;ol\tjrif
q|o*Ðwyd pk u
ä t*¾r[my@dw aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; a[mMum; ûypkawmfral om
okweå w
f &m;awmfrsm;teuf 1331-ckEpS f aESmif;wefc;l vrSpí a[mMum;ûypkawmfrcl ahJ om oav’cokww
f &m;awmfBuD;
udk aoaocsmcsm zwf½IavhvmMunfhcJh&m u M m;0ifp&mr½Sad vmufatmif aphpyfaocsmvSonfukd þpma&;olu, kd w
f idk f
yif xif½mS ;awGY&ygonf/
,if;oav’cokwaf 'oemawmfrmS ud, k wf idk o

f ed m;vnf&ef cufonfjh yif olwyg;tm; em;vnfatmif
a[majym&efvnf; rvG,u f v
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f jzifh Mum;emMu& zwf½MI u&olwidk ;f rSm tvG,w f ulyif odjrifoabmayguf
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f iG f urÇmOD;ol urÇmOD;om;wdYk u
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h aeMupOfrmS pMum&wem,mOf ac:xku d o
f nfh "r®pMum
okww f &m;awmfBuD;onfvnf; aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ BuD;rm;aom arwåm u½kPm
apwem tjynft h 0ESihf ynmawmfprG ;f &nfjzifh xGuaf y:vmcJyh gonf/
]],cifu 0dyóemtvkyf w&m;awmftjzpfjzifh zGijhf ya&;om;jcif; rûycJo h nfh ,if;"r®pMumokww f &m;awmf

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pOfukd ydik Ef idk w
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olwYkd rmS oHo,uif; todOmPf½iS ;f í xifvif;ay:vGiv f suf ½Syd gonf/
owdjyKí zwf½IMunfhvQif
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w&m;awmfukd tjcm;wyk'x f uf ydak umif;onf ydak v;eufonf[k xifrw
S Mf u&ygonf/
odYk jzpfí ,cifu zwf½cI b hJ ;l onfh oav’cokww f &m;awmfBuD;ç "r®pMumokww f &m;awmfBuD; ponfwYdkukd
av;eufaumif;rGev f aS yonf[k todtrSwûf ycJah om þpma&;olonf þplVa0'v’ow k f w&m;awmfukd zwf½&I onfh
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f vdk xifrw
S &f jyefygonf/
,if;okwfw&m;awmf\ OD;wnfcsuf
omoemawmfukd rMunfñakd o;aom olwYkd tm; Munfño kd '¨g jzpfvmap&efç MunfñNkd yD;olwYkd tm; o'¨g
wk;d yGg;í 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwv f pkd w
d f jzpfay:vmap&ef &nfoef OD;wnfxm;ygonf/ ,if; OD;wnfcsufukd
t>rufrQ azmfjy&vQi-f
w&m;yv’ifcH
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f w
kd hJ w&m;awmf
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k u
f oH*g,emwifxm;wJh edum,fig;&yfxrJ mS rZdÑredum,fxrJ S
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a0'ac:wJh OmPfeYJ ESpof rd t
hf m;&jcif;udk pGrJ NDS yD; ar;vdYk ajzMum;wJh okww f &m;vdYk
teuf½w dS ,f? r[mqdw

k mu tBuD;pm;vkYd teuf½w
dS ,f? plV qdw
k mu ti,fpm;
vdkY teuf½Sdw,f}}/
'gaMumifh ]]plVa0'v’owk qf w
kd m a0'v’ow k tf i,fpm;vdYk teuf½w dS ,f?
Armpum;oufoufeYJ ajym&,ifawmh todOmPfeYJ ESpo f rd t
hf m;&aMueyfjcif;udk
pGrJ NDS yD; ar;vdYk ajzMum;xm;wJh okwwf &m;i,fvYkd qd&k rSmbJ-
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l ar;vdYk b,fou l ajzMum;xm;wJh w&m;vJqakd wmh-tem*grf
jzpfwhJ 0domcaoaX;BuD;u ar;vdYk "r®'Ed mé qdw
k hJ &[EÅmax&Dru ajzMum;xm;wJh
okww f &m;awmfygbJ? rSwo f m;p&mvJ tifrwefaumif;ygw,f? trsdK;orD;awG
bufu o'¨gqE´wuf<uNyD; *kP, f pl &mç twkvu kd Nf yD; usifph &mvJaumif;yg
w,f/}}
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k u
f kd ud;k um;NyD; zGijhf y&
wm ½Sdygw,f}}-
[lí aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u plVa0'v’ow

k w
f &m;awmf\ *kPyf 'k af wGukd w&m;OD;-
pum;yv’irf mS xkwaf zmf>rufMum;awmfryl gonf/
aphpyfaocsmawmfrlyHk
aus;Zl;awmif½iS f r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf EIwjf zifh w&m;udk a[monfjzpfap? vufjzifh usr;f pm

udk a&;om; ½du k Ef ydS o
f nfjzpfap aphpyfaocsmawmfrv
l yS gayonf/ odoifh odxu
kd w
f mrSeo
f rQ ususee od&atmif
"r®EiS hf 0de,udv k nf; qufpyfjyawmfral vh½ydS gonf? tenf;i,f xkwaf zmfjy&vQif þokww f &m;awmf pmtkyf (ESm-
6) ü--
tcgwyg;rSm jrwfpmG bk&m;½Si[ f m &mZû*d[ûf rdUteD; a0VK0e-a0VK0ef

ac:wJh ausmif;wdu k rf mS oDwifo;kH aeawmfryl gw,fw/hJ tJ'D a0VK0efausmif;wdu k f
qdwk m jzpfay:vmyHu k awmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u yXr0guRwfNyD;wJah emuf O½ka0v
awm t&yfoYkd <uawmfrNl yD;awmh O½ka0vuóy trª;½Sad om &aohwaxmifukd
cRwaf wmfrcl w
hJ ,f? tJ'&D aohwaxmifrS jzpfvmwJh &[EÅm wpfaxmifEiS w hf uG
jrwfpmG bk&m;u Adro ®d m&rif;BuD;\ apmapmuzdwrf efxm;csut f & &mZû*d[ûf rdYoYkd
<uawmfryl gw,f? tJ't D cgrSm Adro ®d m&rif;BuD;u ta>ct&Hy&dowfwode;f
ESpaf omif;ESiwhf uG jrwfpmG bk&mtm; êudqydk al ZmfyBJG uD; ûyvkyw
f ,f/
]]tJ'êD udqykd al ZmfyrJG mS jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfrw l hJ w&m;awmfukd

emae&if;yif Adro ®d m& rif;BuD;ESiw hf uG wode;f waomif;aom ta>ct&Hvpl [ k m
aomwmywdrå *fzv kd af &mufNyD; aomwmyefjzpfMuw,f? usew f v
hJ wl aomif;uawmh
o&P*krw f nfwhJ Oygoum jzpfMuw,f/}} (ESm 6 - 7)
]],ck jyqdck w hJ thJ wkid ;f Adro

®d m&rif;BuD;[m aomwmyef jzpfNyD;aemuf
0rf;ompum;rsm;udk avQmufxm;ygw,f? tJ'v D kd avQmufxm;NyD;awmh aemufaeY
eHeufrmS qGr;f bkO;f ab;<uvm&ef aemufygoHCmawmfrsm;ESiw hf uG jrwfpmG bk&m;
udk yifah vQmufygw,f/ tJ'D yifah vQmufcsuft& aemufaeY eHeufrmS aemufyg
oHCmawmf waxmifEiS w hf uG jrwfpmG bk&m;u Adro ®d m&rif;BuD;\ eef;awmf
tdraf wmfoYkd <uawmfrw l ,f? oHCmawmf waxmifEiS w hf uG jrwfpmG bk&m;tm;
qGr;f uyfNyD;vdYk qGr;f bkO;f ay;NyD;wJth cgrSm Adro ®d m&rif;BuD;u a0VK0efO,smOfawmf
BuD;udk bk&m;trª;½Sad om oHCmawmftm; vSL'gef;w,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;uvJ
vufcaH wmfryl gw,f/ tJ'g[m yXrqH;k ausmif;wdu k t
f vSLygbJ}}-[k
þw&m;awmfpmtkyf (ESm 8 ) ü ed'gef;rSmyg½SdwJh a0VK0efausmif;wdu

k f taMumif;t&mrsm;udk 0denf; yd#u r[m0*¾
ygVdt& ususee odMu&atmif xkwaf qmifazmfjyxm;awmfryl gonf/
xkYd jyif ½Siûf yay;cgeD;ü vku

d ef mí aqmif½u
G o
f ifo
h nfh nTeMf um;csufuv
kd nf; þodYk aocsmpGm azmfjyxm;
ygonf-
]]½Siûf yay;cgeD; acgif;&dwaf y;wJh tcgrSm auom-qHyifawG? avmrm-

arG;ñSi;f awG? ecg-vufonf;ajconf;awG? 'EÅm-oGm;awG? wapm-ta& qdw k hJ
'Dig;rsdK;udk ½IqifjcifbYkd nTeMf um;ay;&w,f? tJ'g[m ta&vQif ig;ckajrmuf
½Sad omaMumifh wpyOöu-vdkYac:wmbJ}}/
]]qHyifawG[m yk*K¾d vf owå0g r[kwb f ;l ? oabmw&m;rQbJvYdk ESv;kH oGi;f

&r,f? arG;ñSi;f ponfawGvJ yk*K¾d vfowå0g r[kwb f ;l ? oabmw&m;rQbJvYkd ESv;kH
oGi;f &r,f qdw k mudk nTeMf um;oifjyNyD;awmh acgif;&dwaf y;&w,f? acgif;&dww f hJ
tcgusawmh atmufusvmwJh qHyifawG jrif&awmh tJ'q D yH ifawGukd igr[kwb f ;l
oabmw&m;rQbJvdkY od&w,f? tJ'D qHyifawGvb kd J acgif;rSm½Swd hJ qHyifawGuv kd J
igr[kwb f ;l oabmw&m;rQbJvYdk oabmaygufwwfw,f? xkYd twlyif arG;ñSi;f
ponfawGuv kd J ig r[kwb f ;l oabmw&m;rQbJvYdk oabmaygufwwfygw,f?
tJ'vD dk oabmaygufNyD;awmh tcsdKY yg&rDx;l ½Sw d hJ yk*K¾d vfawG[m acgif;&dwcf aH e&qJ
rSmyif t&[wår*fzv kd af &mufNyD; &[EÅmjzpfomG ;MuwmvJ ½Syd gw,f? tJ'v D kd jzpfEidk f
ygu jzpf&atmifvYkd wpyOöu ur®|mef;ay;NyD; acgif;&dwaf y;&wmygbJ}}/ (ESm-
12)
xdYk jyif ouúm,qdw

k m bmvJ qdw
k hJ tar;udk zGijhf ya[mMum;&mrSmvJ-
ouúm,-yk'rf mS o-qdw k mu xif½mS ;½So d nfvYkd teuf½w

dS ,f? um,-
qdwk mu ½kyef mrftaygif;vkYd teuf½w dS ,f? 'gaMumifh ouúm,-qdw k m
xif½mS ;½Sw d hJ ½kyef mrftaygif;vkYd qdw
k mygyJ/ tJ'g[m tjrifrmS ; todrmS ; 'd|Ed iS hf
wGpJ yfNyD;ajymvQif xif½mS ;½Sw d hJ ½kyef mrftaygif;udk igaumif owå0gaumifvYdk
tjrifrmS ; todrmS ;wmudk ouú,'d|v d Ydk qdw
k mbJ/
]]opömav;yg; trSew f &m;ESiqhf ufpyf ajymvQifawmh ouúm,qkw

d hJ
xif½mS ;½So
d nfh ½kyef mrftaygif;[m cPrpJ jzpfysufaeaomaMumifh qif;&Jtppf
trSef 'kuo © pömw&m;bJ/}} (ESm-13) vdYk
emMum;ol zwf½o
I t
l rsm; em;vnfatmif ½Si;f vif;jyqdx
k m;ygonf/ xkYjd yif þodYk vnf; owday; rSmxm;awmf
rlygao;onf/
]]ouúm,ar;cGe;f [m ajz&ef cufcJ eufeyJ gw,f? w&m;trSeu f kd odxm;

wJh olayrJh Ak'p¨ mayvJ ususee ravhvmbl;bl;? y#dord'Ç gÓPfeYJ vJ rjynfpbkH ;l
qd,
k if ajzbdYk cufygw,f? pmaywwfwhJ olayrJh w&m;oabmudk ususee
avhvmrxm;,if ajzbdYk cufwmygbJ/}} (ESm-13) [lí --
rajzEdik w f ikd ;f rajzEkid w

f o
hJ u
l kd txifrao;Muap&ef owday;xm;ygonf/ tJ'g[m "r®'Ed mé ax&D\ ajzMum;csuu
f kd
csD;rGr;f &if; owday;oGm;aom pum;jzpfygonf/
qHk;jzwf&mü wdusaocsmvSayonf
aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf y&d,wf y#dywf ESp&f yfv;kH ü uRr;f usiaf wmf rlvaS om
aMumifh tqH;k tjzwf ay;oifo h nfh ae&mrsm;üvnf; wdwu
d sus qH;k jzwfEidk pf rG ;f ½Sad wmfral Mumif;vnf; awGYEikd yf g
onf/ om"uxkwjf y&vQi-f
]]Oyg'ge-Oyg'gef qdw
k m pGv
J rf;wwfwhJ w&m;bJ? tJ'gu bmvJq, kd if
'Dow
k rf mS jyqdrk nfh pum;t&tm;jzifh qE´&m*ac:wJh vkcd sifwyfrufrI wPSm
ygbJ/
]]okweå af 'oemrsm;rSm cE¨mig;yg; pGv

J rf;wJh Oyg'gefukd qE´&m*vdYk om
jyqdx
k m;ygw,f? vdck sifEpS o
f uf wyfrufom,mNyD; pGv J rf;wJh wPSmvdYk qdv
k ykd g
w,f/
]]tbd"r®m a'oem rSmawmh pGvJ rf;wwfwhJ Oyg'gefukd 4-yg; cJjG yxm;

w,f? (1) umrkyg'gefu wyg;? (2) 'd|Kyg'gefu wyg;? (3) oDvAÁwk yg'gefu
wyg;? (4) twå0g'kyg'gefu wyg; 'D 4-yg;ygbJ/
]]tJ'D Oyg'gef 4-yg;xJrmS trSwf (1) umrkyg'gef qdw k mu wPSmpGb

J ?J
usefwhJ 3-yg;u 'd|pd cJG snf;bJ? 'gaMumifh tusOf;tm;jzifh pGv
J rf;rI[m wPSmeJY
'd|d 'D 2-yg;ygbJ/
]]tJ'D 2-yg;xJu wPSmjzifh pGv J rf;&mrSm 'd|jd zifh pJv

G rf;rIvJ yg0ifwm
ygbJ? 'gaMumifh plVa0'v’ow k pf aom okwmå efa'oemrsm;rSm 'd|Od yg'gefukd
oD;oefY rjyawmhyJ qE´&m*qdw k hJ wPSmOyg'gefuo kd m y"metm;jzifh jyw,f?
odYk aomf tyÜ"metm;jzifh 'd|Od yg'gefuv kd J xnfo h iG ;f NyD;,l,if okweå Ef iS hf tbd"r®m
nDnw G wf ,fvYkd qd&k rSmbJ}} (ESm 14 - 15)[k wdus aocsmpGm qH;k jzwfxm;yg
onf/
xkYd jyif tjcm;om"u wckukd xkwjf y&vQi-f þw&m;pmtkyf (ESm - 50) ü ]]t&d,r*f[m ocFwvm;
tocFwvm;}} qdw k t
hJ ar;udk ajzxm;yHyk gbJ/ tJ'D ajzxm;yHu
k awmh
]]pmay usrf;*efwuf yk*K¾d vfawG taetm;jzifh t&d,r*f[m qdik &f m

taMumif; rsm;aMumifh jzpfvYkd ocFww&m;jzpfaMumif; xif½mkS ;aeygw,f? ar;p&m
awmif rvdb k ;l vdYk qk&d rSmygbJ/ 'gayrJh okwr½Sw
d hJ yk*K¾d vfawG taetm;jzifah wmh
txifrmS ;p&m½Syd gw,f? t&d,r*f[m ½kyef mrfqif;&J Nidr;f wJh tocFwedAmÁ efukd
tm½Hûk yNyD; jzpfawmh edAmÁ efvykd if tocFwavvm;vkYd ,Hrk mS ;p&m xifrmS ;p&m ½Syd g
w,f? or®weå , d mr rnfaomaMumifh tocFwvkYd xifp&mvJ ½Syd gw,f/
]]awmfawmfqu
D vlwa,mufu 'DrmS vmNyD;awmh ar;ygw,f? ]t&d,
r*f[m tocFw&m;ygvm;}wJ/h bmaMumifh 'Dvdk ar;&wmvJ qdak wmh q&mBuD;
wa,mufu olUusr;f pmtkyx f rJ mS t&d,r*fukd tocFw w&m;vdYk jyqdx k m;wmudk
awGY&aomaMumifyh gwJh ..../ 'Dvkd t,lrmS ;udk y,fzsufEikd &f eftwGuf ]t&d,r*f[m
ocFwvm; tocFwvm;}vdYk ar;wmvJ ar;oifyh gw,f? ]ocFwyg}vkYd tajzvJ
ajzoifw
h mygbJ/
]]tocFwqd, k if edAmÁ efvydk if csKyfysufjcif;r½Syd J tNrJwnfae&rSm? t&d,

r*fuawmh tjcm;pdwrf sm;vdyk if Oyg'f-XD-bif qdw k hJ cPi,fo;kH csufrQom wnf½dS
w,f? bifcPrSm vH;k 0csKyfaysmuf oGm;w,f? 'gaMumifh edAmÁ efvkd tNrJwnf½dS
aewmvJ r[kwb f ;l ? ckwifu ajymcJw h thJ wkid ;f 0dyóempaom taMumif;rsm;
aMumifh jzpfay:wJh w&m;vJ jzpfaew,f? 'gaMumifh ocFww&m; jzpfaMumif;

tvGefyif xif½Sm;ygw,f}}/ (ESm 50-51)
txufygtwkid ;f qH;k jzwfxm;yH[

k m tvGeyf if wdus aocsmí ay:vGix
f if½mS ;vSygayonf/ odYk jzpfygí--
(1) y&d,wdpå mawGYrS y#dywåOd mPfawGYoYkd a&mufvokd rl sm;-

(2) omoe"r®wYkdukd rMunfñw kd wfao;ojzifh Munfñw kd wfvo dk rl sm;-
(3) w&m;tm;xkw&f ef qEénf;yg;ojzifh qE´w;kd yGg; xufoefvo kd rl sm;-
(4) 0dyóem ½Irw S yf kH ½Irw
S ef nf;udk twdtus rSeu f efpmG odvo dk rl sm;-
(5) r*fOmPf zkv
d Of mPf[al om todx;l ÓPfx;l jzpfvo dk rl sm;-
þodYk tvkq d E´ trsdK;rsdK;½SMd uaom olawmfaumif;rsm;onf rdrw d Ydk vdt

k ifqE´twkid ;f jynf0h apEkid af om ]]þ
plVa0'v’ow
k f w&m;awmf}} udk av;av;pm;pm; Munf½h yI gG ;rsm; usifo h ;kH tm;xkwaf omtm;jzifh vltrsm;wkYd vkv d m;
awmifw
h ajr§mv
f ifah eMuonfh Nidr;f csrf;a&; tppftrSef jrwfeAd mÁ efoYkd tvsiftjref qdu k af &mufMuyg apaom0f/
t½Siyf nmomrd
1340-ckEpS f (a½Ta&;aqmif)
wefaqmifrek ;f vqef; (13) &uf/ ur®|memp&d,
(12-11-78) r[mpnfomoemh&yd o
f m? &efuek f
plVa0'v’okwfw&m;awmf 6
plVa0'v’ow
k w
f &m;awmf
1326-ckEpS ?f yXr0gqdv
k qef; (8)&ufaeYu pí a[monf/
w&m;yv’ifcH
'DuaeY 1326-ckEpS ?f yXr0gqdv k qef; (8) &ufaeYjzpfw,f? 'DuaeYpNyD;a[mbdYk w&m;uawmh plVa0'v’

okwqf wkd whJ &m;awmfygbJ? tJ'o D w k u
f oH*g,emwifxm;wJh edum,fig;&yfxrJ mS rZdÑredum,fxrJ S yPÖmooH;k usrf;
xJu rlvyPÖmo ygVdawmfrS jzpfw,f/ tJ'D rlvyPÖmoygVdawmfrmS r[ma0'v’eYJ plVa0'v’qw kd hJ okwf 2-ck
½Sw
d ,f? a0'v’qw kd mu a0'ac:wJh ÓPfeYJ ESpo f rd t
hf m;&jcif;udk pGrJ NDS yD;ar;vdYk ajzMum;xm;wJh okww f &m;vkYd teuf
½Sw
d ,f? r[mqdw k mu tBuD;pm;vkYd teuf½w dS ,f? plVqdw k mu ti,fpm;vkYd teuf½w dS ,f? 'gaMumifh plVa0'v’
okwf qdw k m a0'v’ow k f ti,fpm;vkYd teuf½w dS ,f? Armpum; oufoufeYJ ajym&,ifawmh todÓPfeYJ ESpo f rd hf
tm;& auseyfjcif;udk pGrJ ;DS NyD;ar;vdYk ajzMum;xm;wJh okww f &m;i,fvYdk qd&k rSmbJ/
b,folu ar;vdkY b,fou l ajzMum;xm;wJh w&m;vJqakd wmh tem*grfjzpfwhJ 0domcaoa|;BuD;u ar;vkYd

"r®'Ed mé qdw
k hJ &[ef;EÅmax&Dru ajzMum;xm;wJh okww f &m;awmfygbJ/ rSwo f m;p&mvJ tifrwef aumif;ygw,f?
trsdK;orD;awGbufu o'¨gqE´ wuf<uNyD; *kP, f pl &m twkvu kd Nf yD; usifph &mvJ aumif;ygw,f? t|uxm q&m
jrwfawGuawmif 'DpVl a0'v’ow k u
f kd ud;k um;NyD; zGijhf y&wm ½Syd gw,f/ 0domc aoa|;BuD;eJY "r®'Ed mé ax&DwYdk
taMumif;t&mudak wmh awmfawmfMumrS ajym&r,f/ ,ck okw\ f ed'gef;udk pNyD; ½Gwq f akd [mjy&r,f/
okwf\ed'gef;
{0H ar okw?H {uH or,H b*0g &mZ*a[ 0d[&wd a0VK0ae uvEú ed0gay/
baEÅ-t½Sifr[muóy? ar-tuREkyf f tmeE´monf? {0H okw-H þodYk Mum;em;rSwo f m;cJh &ygonf/ 'gu
yXr oH*g,emwifpOfwek ;f u t½Sirf [muóy rax&fjrwfu ar;vdYk t½Sit f meE´mupNyD; ajzMum;avQmufxm;yHk
ygbJ? plVa0'v’owk u
f kd b,ft&yfrmS a[movJ? b,fou l a[movJ? b,fvt kd aMumif;aMumifh a[movJ?
b,fot l m; a[movJvYdk t½Sirf [muóyu ar;w,f? tJ'gudk t½Sit f meE´mrax&fu 'Dvkd Mum;em;rSwo f m;bl;
ygw,f-ponfjzifh tajcwnfNyD; ajzMum;awmfryl gw,f/ a½SUqufNyD; ajzMum;yHu
k awmh-
{uH or,Htcgwyg;ü? b*0gbke;f awmfBuD;aom jrwfpmG bk&m;onf? &mZ*a[&mZû*d[ûf rdYü? uvEú

ed0gay½SOehf ufwYdk tm; tpmauR;arG;&mjzpfaom? a0VK0ae-a0VK0efrnfaom (0g;awmO,smOf) ausmif;awmfü? 0d[
&wdow D if;oH;k aeawmfryl gonfw/hJ
tcgwyg;rSm jrwfpmG bk&m;½Si[ f m &mZû*d[ûf rdUteD; a0VK0e-a0VK0efac:wJh ausmif;wdu k rf mS oDwif;oH;k

aeawmfryl gw,fw/hJ tJ'D a0VK0efausmif;wku d q
f w
kd m jzpfay:vmyHu k awmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u yXr0guRwfNyD;wJah emuf
O½ka0v awmt&yfoYkd <uawmfrNl yD;awmh O½ka0v uóytrª;½Sad om &aohwaxmifukd cRwfawmfrcl w hJ ,f? tJ'&D aoh
waxmifrS jzpfvmwJh &[EÅmwaxmifEiS w hf uG jrwfpmG bk&m;u Adro Ád m&rif;BuD;\ apmapmu zdwrf efxm;csut f &
&mZû*d[ûf rdUodYk <uawmfryl gw,f? tJ't D cgrSm Adro Ád m&rif;BuD;u ta>ct&Hy&dowfaygif; wode;f ESpaf omif;ESiw hf uG
jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; êudqykd al ZmfyJG ûyvkyw f ,f? tJ'êD udqykd al ZmfyrJG mS jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfrw l hJ w&m;awmfukd
emae&if;yif Adro Ád m& rif;BuD;ESiw hf uG wode;f waomif;aom ta>ct&Hvpl [ k m aomwmywdrå *fzv dk af &mufNyD;
aomwmyef jzpfMuw,f? usew f hJ vlwaomif;uawmh o&P*Hw k nfwhJ Oygoum jzpfMuw,f/ tJ't D aMumif;udk
0denf;r[m0g (ESm 47) rSm 'Dvjkd yxm;w,f/
w&m;em&if; aomwmyefjzpfMuyHk
txacg-xkt d cgü? b*0g jrwfpmG bk&m;onf? 'Gg'oe[kwmeH wode;f ESpaf omif;ukeaf om? rm*"dumeH-
r*"wkid ;f jynfom; (&mZû*d[ûf rdUom;) jzpfuek af om? awoHjAm[®P*[ywdumeH xkyd P k mÖ ; vlrsKd ;rsm;ESihf omref
tdr½f iS v
f rl sm;wdYk tm;? apwom apawm y&d0w d uúrnm, rdr\ d pdwjf zifh olwYkd\ pdwtf BuHukd odNyD;í? tEkyAk ðÁ
uxH-tpOftwkid ;f aom w&m;pum;ud?k uaxod a[mMum;awmfral vonf? ao,sx'd -H ,if;w&m;u b,fv[ kd m
vJqv kd Qif? 'geuxH-'gew&m;ud¤k if;? oDvuxH-oDvw&m;ud¤k if;? o*¾uxH-'ge oDvukov kd af Mumifh a&muf&
cHpm;&aom ewfNynfcsr;f om w&m;ud¤k if;? umrmeH vlYcsr;f om ewfcsrf;om[laom umr*kPt f m½Hw k Ykd \ tm'De0H
tjypfu¤kd if;? Moum&H ,kwn f jhH cif;ud¤k if;? oHuad voH ESpof ufwyfrufjcif;paom npfñ;l jcif;ud¤k if;? aeu©arÁ-
umr*kPrf S xGuaf jrmufaom orm"d ynmtusifw h &m;ü? tmedoo
H H tusdK;tmedoifu¤kd if;? yumaood xif½mS ;
jyawmfral vonf/
'Dpum;&yfjzifh odapwmuawmh 'ge oDv ûyoifyh ?kH tJ'D 'ge oDvukov kd af Mumifh ewfjynfa&mufNyD;
ewfpnf;pdrcf sr;f omawGudk cHpm;&yH?k 'gayrJh tJ'D ewfcsr;f omESihf vlYcsr;f omqdik &f m umr*kPaf wGukd rufarmaejcif;
aMumifh tyg,fqif;&J tdk em ao paom oHo&m qif;&JawGeYJ awGYêuHcpH m;aeMuyH?k umr*kPrf S xGuaf jrmufwhJ
omrm"dpsmef tusijhf zifh jA[®avmu a&mufNyD; csr;f om&yH?k ynmtusijhf zifh tyg,fqif;&J oHo&m qif;&JwYkdrS
vGwaf jrmufNyD; csr;f om&yHak wGukd trsm;em;vnfatmif azmfNyNyD; odem;vnfapwmygbJ/ tJ'w D &m;udk emMum;ae&if;
eD0&puif;yHuk vkd J 'Dvq
dk ufNyD; Nyqdx
k m;ygw,f/
,'g tMuiftcgü? b*0gjrwfpmG bk&m;onf? aw-xko d ed ;f ESpaf omif;aom w&m;emaeolwYkdu?kd uv’pad wå

cefYusef;aom pdw½f adS eMuonfwYdk u?kd 0g cefYusef;aom pdw½f adS eMuNyD[í l ¤if;? (ygVdo'´genf;twkid ;f r[kwyf J
em;vnfv, G af tmif jyefcsufjzpfonf) rk'pk ad wå El;nHah om pdw½f adS eMuNyD [lí¤if;? 0de0D &Ppdawåe0D &P uif;aom
pdw½f adS eMuNyD [lí¤if;? O'¨*p¾ ad wå wuf<uaom pdw½f adS eMuNyD [lí¤if;? yoEépad wå Munfvifo h nfh ,HMk unfonfh
pdw½f adS eMuNyD [lí¤if;? tnmodoad wmfr\ l ? tx xko d Ykd oad wmfral omtcgü? Ak'g¨ eH jrwfpmG bk&m;wdYk \? omrkuúH
odum ud, k wf idk o
f Nd yD;í xkwjf ytyfaom? ,m "r®a'oem tMuifw&m;pum;onf ½S\ d ? 'ku©H ork',H eda&m"H
r*H'¾ u
k © ork', eda&m" r*¾[al om? wH xko d pömav;yg;w&m;ud?k yumaood xif½mS ;jyawmfral vonf/
tJ'pD um;&yfxrJ mS w&m;emaeolrsm; cefYuse;f aom pdw½f MdS uaMumif; ponfjzifh eD0&Puif;í pdw0å o d 'k ¨d
jzpfyu
kH kd jywmbJ? ½Ioif&h mudk ½IEidk af tmif pdwcf efYuse;f jcif;jzifh umrpäEu ´ if;yHu
k kd jywmbJ? pdwEf ;l nHjh cif;jzifh Asmyg'
uif;yHu k kd jywmbJ? pdww f uf<u xufoefjcif;jzifh xderd'u ¨ if;yHuk kd jywmbJ? pdwMf unfvifjcif; ,HMk unfjcif;jzifh
0dpu
d pd mä uif;yHu k kd jywmbJ? 0de0D &Ppdweå 0D &P uif;aompdwjf zifh O'¨pö ukuKú pö uif;yHu k kd jywmbJ/ 'gaMumifh
tJ'vD kd eD0&Puif;NyD; pdw0å o d 'k ¨d jzpfaepOfrmS jrwfpmG bk&m;u opömav;yg;udk xkwaf zmfNyD; a[mMum;awmfrw l m
ygbJ? jrifwidk ;f Mum;wdik ;f awGYwikd ;f odwidk ;f 'Gg& 6-yg;u xifay:aewJh Oyg'geu©Em¨ ac: ½kyef mrfw&m;awG[m
cPrpJ jzpfysuaf evdYk qif;&JrQ jzpfaMumif; 'kuo © pöm jzpfaMumif;udv k J a[mawmfrw l ,f? tJ'D jrif& Mum;&wm
tp½Sad om qif;&Juykd if csr;f omxifNyD; ESpo f uf om,maewmu b0opf ½kyef mrfqif;&JawGukd jzpfygG ;apwwfvYdk
ork',opömac:wJh qif;&J jzpfaMumif; w&m;jzpfaMumif;udv k J a[mMum;awmfrw l ,f? ½kyef mrfqif;&JawGukd trSef
twdik ;f od,if tJ'q D if;&J jzpfaMumif; ork',wPSm uif;Nidr;f jyD; ½kyef mrfqif;&Jcyford ;f Nidr;f w,fqw dk hJ eda&m"udv k J
a[mawmfrw l ,f? ½kyef mrf tjzpftysufukd trSet f wkid ;f odwhJ ½Iord -I 0dyóemESihf ½kyef mrfqif;&J[o l rQ vH;k 0Nidr;f wm
udk odwhJ t&d,r*fqw kd hJ r*¾opömtaMumif;udv k J a[mawmfrw l ,f/ tJ'v D kd a[mwJw h &m;awmfukd emMum;ae&if;yif
trSet f wkid ;f odNyD; w&m;xl; &oGm;MuyHu k vkd J 'Dvdk qufNyD; a[mjyawmfryl gw,f/
ao,sxmyd emrOyrmjzifh jy&vQi?f ty*wumVuH rnf;npfjcif;uif;aom? ok'¨H 0wHjå zLpifaom

t0wfonf? &ZeH-t0g teD tpdr;f paom qk;d &nfu?kd or®a'0aumif;pGmomvQif? y#d*a¾ PS,s cH,&l mouJo h Ykd ?
{0ar0 þtwlyifvQif? Adro Ád m&yÜrck geH Adro
Ád m&rif;BuD; trª;½Su
d ek af om? {um'oe[kwmeH rm*"dumeH jAm[®P
*[ywdumeH-wode;f ESpaf omif;aom r*"wdik ;f om; ykPmÖ ;wkYd EiS hf omreftrd ½hf iS v
f w
l Ykd rmS ? wo®ð a,0 tmoae xkd
w&m;emae&müyifvQi?f 0d&ZH 0DwrvHjrL tnpftaMu;uif;aom? "r®puHK© -w&m;rsufpad c:onfh aomwmywdå
r*fÓPfonf? O'yg'djzpfavNyD? (b,fvjdk zpfovJqakd wmh) ,H udOöd ork',"r®?H oAHÁ wH eda&m""r®EÅd jzpfjcif;½So d nfh
w&m;[lorQ csKyfNcif;oabm ½So d nfcsn;f yif[k odvsuf jzpfavonfw/hJ ('gu aomwmyefjzpfyu kH kd azmfjywmbJ?
aomwmywdrå *fzv
kd f jzpfcu
kd üf jzpfysuaf eonfh ½kyef mrf[o l rQ uif;Nidraf ewmudk awGUodwmygbJ? txufr*fzv kd rf sm;
jzpfwt hJ cgvJ enf;wlyif ½kyef mrf[o l rQ uif;Nidr;f aewmudk awGYow

d mcsnf;ygbJ/ usefwhJ vlwode;f Oygoum
jzpfyu
kH v kd J 'Dvq
dk ufNyD; jyqdx
k m;ygw,f/) {ue[kw-H useaf om vlwode;f onf? OygouwHå bk&m;w&m; oHCmudk
qnf;uyf ud;k uG,af om Oygoumtjzpfu?kd y#da0a'od avQmufMum;ayonfw/hJ
,ck jyqdck w hJ thJ wkid ;f AdroÁd m&rif;BuD;[m aomwmyefjzpfNyD;aemuf 0rf;ompum;rsm;udk avQmufxm;yg

w,f? tJ'v D kd avQmufxm;NyD;awmh aemufaeYeeH ufrmS qGr;f bkO;f ay;<uvm&ef aemufyg oHCmawmfrsm;ESiw hf uG
jrwfpmG bk&m;udk yifavQmufygw,f/ tJ'yD ifah vQmufcsuft& aemufaeYeeH ufrmS aemufygoHCmawmf waxmif
ESiw hf uG jrwfpmG bk&m;u Adro Ád m&rif;BuD;\ eef;awmf tdraf wmfoYkd <uawmfrw l ,f? oHCmawmfrsm;ESiw hf uG jrwfpmG
bk&m;tm; qGr;f uyfNyD;vdYk qGr;f bkO;f ay;NyD;wJt h cgrSm Adro Ád m&rif;BuD;u a0VK0ef O,smOfawmfBuD;udk bk&m;trª;
½Sad om oHCmawmftm; vSL'gef;w,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;uvJ vufcaH wmfryl gw,f/ tJ'g[m yXrqH;k ausmif;wdu k f tvSL
ygbJ? tJ'aD 0VK0ef O,smOfBuD;xJrmS bk&ifrif;BuD; ponfwYdk toH;k ûyaewJh taqmuftOD;awGvJ ½Srd mS ygbJ? 'gayrJh
tJ'w D ek ;f u vSLyHek YJ tvSLcHyu kH awmh tm&rm-tm&mrfqw kd hJ ausmif;wku
d t
f aejzifh vSLw,f vufcaH wmfrw l ,fvYkd om
xif½mS ;ygao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh tJ'w D ek ;f u jrwfpmG bk&m;½Siu f (tEkZmemrd bdua© 0 tm&mrH) bdua© 0 &[ef;wdYk ?
tm&mrH tm&mrfausmif;wku d af jrud?k tEkZmemrdvufc&H ef? igbk&m;u cGiûhf yygonfvYdk 'Dvo dk m trdeYf ½NdS yD; cGiûhf yawmf
rlygw,f/ ,ckajymcJw h m[m plVa0'v’ow k f ed'gef;rSm azmfjyxm;wJh a0VK0efausmif;wduk f taMumif;udk ususee
od&atmifvYkd ajymcJw h mygbJ/
aemufNyD;awmh Adro Ád m&rif;BuD;ESithf wl aomwmyefjzpfMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawGxrJ mS 0domc qdw k hJ aoa|;BuD;vJyg

w,f? tJ'aD oa|;BuD;u 'DpVl a0'v’ow k rf mS ar;cGe;f xkww
f hJ yk*K¾d vfx;l BuD;vJ jzpfw,f? oluvGecf w hJ hJ 92-urÇm
xufu yGiahf wmfrw l hJ zkóbk&m; vufxufawmfwek ;f u Adro Ád m&rif;BuD;\ tavmif;vsm jzpfoEl iS t hf wl tBuD;
tus,f ukov kd ûf ycJo
h vl jJ zpfw,f/ ,ck 'Dow k rf mS olu "r®'Ed mé ax&DxH oGm;a&mufNyD; ar;jref;yHu
k kd 'Dvjdk yqdx
k m;
w,f/
txacg &mZû*d[ûf rdU a0VK0efausmif;wdu k 0f ,f jrwfpmG bk&m; oDwifo;kH aeawmfrpl Of tcgü? 0domacg-
0domc trnf½adS om? Oygoaum-&wemoH;k &yfukd qnf;uyf ud;k uG,af eonfh Ak'o ¨ moem0if Oygoumonf? (Ak'H¨
o&PH *pämrdponfjzifh o&P*krf aqmufwnfxm;wJh Ak'o ¨ moem0iftrsKd ;om;udk ygVdvdk Oygoaum-OygouvdUk
Armvkd OygoumvdYk ac:w,f? trsdK;orD;udak wmh OygodumvdYk ac:w,f? a½S;a[mif; Armpmayrsm;rSmawmh OygouD
vkUd vJ ½Sw
d ,f? ,ckazmfjywJh 0domcaoa|;MuD;uawmh Oygoum omrefawmif r[kwyf gbl;? ckwifu ajymcJw h hJ
twkid ;f bk&m;\w&m;awmfukd pNyD; em&uwnf;u aomwmyef jzpfcyhJ gw,f? aemufusawmh tem*grfawmif
jzpfaeygNyD? yk*K¾d vfx;l BuD;ygbJ/) a,e "r®'Ed mé bduK© eD awEkyouFr?d OyouFrw d mG -"r®'Ed mé rnfaom ax&Dr½S&d modYk
csOf;uyfNyD;í? "r®'Ed éH bduK© eð "r®'Ed mé rnfaom trsdK;orD; &[ef;ax&Drud?k tbd0ga'wGm ½dak opGm ½Scd ;dk NyD;í? ('D
"r®'Ed mé bduK© eD qdw k mu rlvuawmh 0domc aoa|BuD;\ tdro f Zl eD;bJ? 'gayrJh bduK© eD jzpfaewJt
h wGuf 0domc
aoa|;BuD;u t½dt k ao½Scd ;kd ygowJ?h trsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf *kP, f pl &mygbJ)/ {urEHÅ edo'D d oifah vsmaf omae&mü
xkid af eonf? {urEHÅ edoad Eém oihaf vsmaf om ae&mü xdik af eNyD;aom? 0domacg Oygoaum0domcrnfaom
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bJ/ trSwf (4) t& twå0g'kyg'gef qdw k muawmh xif½mS ;½Swd hJ ½kyef mrfawGukd twåaumif igaumif olaumifvYdk
xifrwS pf v
JG rf;wJh 'd|yd gbJ/ trSwf (3) t& oDvAÁwyk g'gef qkw d muawmh oDv orm"d ynmqkw d hJ r*¾i½f pS yf g;rygyJ
tavhtusifh wrsdK;rsdK;jzifh qif;&Jcyford ;f rS vGwaf jrmufw,fvYdk xifrw S pf v
JG rf;wJh tusifq h idk &f m t,lrmS ;ygbJ?
b,fvv dk q J ,
kd if **Fgjrpfa&jzifh a&csdK;½Hek YJ tukov kd t
f jypfuif;NyD; csrf;omoGm;Ekid w f ,fvYdk ,HMk unf,q l wm? t0wf
r0wfyJ tpm;rpm;yJ usif½h ekH YJ qif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufw,fvYdk ,lqwm? jA[®mponfukd ud;k uG,af e½Hek YJ qif;&JrS
vGwaf jrmufw,fvYkd ,lqwm? tukov kd pf w d f rjzpf&atmif qifjcifae½Hrk QeJY? odYk r[kwf jzpfay:vmwJh tukov kd pf w
d f
udk qifjcifNyD; y,f½rkH QeJY? odYk r[kwf pdwu f kd Nidr;f at;&m ydYk xm;½Hrk QeJY qif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufw,fvYdk ,HMk unf,q l wm?
twkcd sKyftm;jzifh ajym&vQif t&d,r*fzv dk &f atmif 0dyóemr½IyJ tusifw h rsdK;rsdK;jzifh qif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufw,fvYkd
,HMk unf,q l wm [lorQ[m oDvAÁwyk g'gefb/J
trSwf (2) t& 'd|Kyg'gef qdw k muawmh ,ckajymcJw h hJ twå'|d d oDvAÁw'd|w d Ykd rS wyg;aom rdpmä 'd|d
[lorQudk 'd|Kyg'gefvYkd qkwd mygbJ? tJ'guawmh uHu\ H tusdK;r½Sb d ;l vkYd ,lqwm? aoNyD;,if bmrQr½Sad wmhb;l vkYd
,lqwm? twåaumifu b,fawmhrS rysufyJ tNrJwnf½adS ew,fvYkd ,lqwm-'Dvdkt,ltpGJawGygbJ/ tJ'DOyg'gef
4-yg;xJrSm trSwf (1) umrkyg'gef qdkwmu wPSmpGJbJ? usefwJh 3-yg;u 'd|pd cJG snf;bJ? 'gaMumifh tusOf;tm;jzifh
pGJvrf;rI[m wPSmeJY 'd|d'D 2-yg;ygbJ/ tJ'D 2-yg;xJu wPSmjzifh pGv J rf;&mrSm 'd|jd zifh pGv
J rf;rIvJ yg0ifwmygbJ?
'gaMumifh 'DpVl a0'v’ow k pf aom okweå af 'oemrsm;rSm 'd|Od yg'gefukd oD;oefYrjyawmhyJ qE´&m*qdw k hJ wPSm
Oyg'gefuo kd m y"metm;jzifh jyw,f? odYk aomf tyÜ"metm;jzifh 'd|Od yg'gefuv kd J xnfo h iG ;f NyD;,l,if okweå Ef iS hf
tbd"r®m nDnw G w
f ,fvYdk qk&d rSmygbJ/
pJGvrf;yHk ½Sif;jycsuf
,ck xif½mS ;½Sw d hJ ½kyef mrftzkYd tpkawGrmS wPSmjzifh 'd|jd zifh pGv
J rf;yHak wGukd ½Si;f vif;ajymjyr,f? jrifqcJ Pü
rsufpd ½Sv d Ykd vJ jrifw,f? jrifp&mtqif;½Sv d Ydk vJ jrifw,f? tJ'aD wmh rsufp½d yk v
f J xif½mS ;½Sad ewmbJ? jrif&wJt h qif;vJ
xif½mS ;½Sad ewmbJ? tJ'D rsufped YJ tqif;u xif½mS ;½Sad ewJh ½kyw f &m;bJ? aemufNyD;awmh jrifow d muvJ xif½mS ;
½Sad ewmbJ? jrifo, d if jrifvYdk aumif;wm raumif;wmvJ xif½mS ;½Sad ewmbJ? tJ'gu taumif;tqd;k udk cHpm;rI
a0'embJ? jrifvYdk aumif;raumif; qdw k hJ cHpm;rIxrJ mS raumif;rqd;k tv,ftvwfvJ ygygw,f? rsm;aomtm;jzifh
jrifwidk ;f jrifwidk ;f xif½mS ;aewJh cHpm;rI[m tJ'D raumif;rqd;k cHpm;rIuyJ rsm;ygw,f? aemufNyD;awmh jrif&wJh
tqif;udk rSwo f m;wmvJ xif½mS ;½Sad ewmbJ/ tJ'gu onmbJ? aemufNyD;awmh jrifru I pd Nö yD;atmif aMumifMh upduk wf m
ESv;kH oGi;f wmvJ xif½mS ;½Sw d myJ? tJ'gawGu apwemeJY reodum& qdw k hJ ocFg&awGb?J jrifo½d rkH Q oabmuawmh
pdw0f Ód Pfb?J tJ'gawG[m jrifwidk ;f jrifwidk ;f xif½mS ;½Sad ewJh ½kyaf 0'em onm ocFg& 0dÓPfqw kd hJ cE¨mig;yg;awG
bJ? tJ'D Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;udk ½Si;f ½Si;f vif;vif; odNyD;rSwo f m;&atmif vdu k q f Mkd u&r,f/
jrifqJü Oyg'geu©E¨m ig;yg;aqmifyk'f
1/ jrifqcJ Pü rsufped YJ tqif;u ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ /

2/ jrifvYdkaumif;wm raumif;wmu a0'em Oyg'geu©Em¨ /
3/ jrif&wJh tqif;udk rSwo f m;wmu onm Oyg'geu©Em¨ /
4/ jrifru
I pd Nö yD;atmif aMumifMh updu
k w
f m ESv;kH oGi;f wmu ocFg&Oyg'geu©Em¨ /
5/ jrifo½d rkH Qoabmu 0dnmPfOyg'geu©Em¨ /
jrifqüJ xif½mS ;½Sad om þ½kyef mrf cE¨mig;yg;udk ouúm,[k ac:onf/
cE¨mig;yg;udk wPSm-'d|djzifh pGJvrf;yHk
0dyóem½IrI r½Sad om yuwd yk*K¾d vfawG[m tqif;aumif;udk jrif&wJt h cg jrif&wJt h qif;udv k J ESpo f uf
om,mNyD; pGv J rf;aeMuw,f? tJ'gu wPSmjzifh pGv J rf;wmbJ? rde;f rbJ a,mufsm;bJvYkdvJ xifrw S Nf yD; pGvJ rf;ae
Muw,f? tJ'gu 'd|jd zifh pGv J rf;wmyJ? rsupf Md unfwm aumif;wmudv k J om,mESpo f ufNyD; pGv
J rf;w,f? wPSmpGb J ?J
igtaejzifv h J pGv
J rf;w,f? 'd|pd b JG ?J xkYd twlyif jrifvYkd aumif;wmudv k J ESpo f ufom,mNyD; pGv J rf;w,f? jrifvYkd
raumif;,ifvJ aumif;wmudk ajr§mv f ifh awmifw h NyD; pGv
J rf;w,f/ wPSmpGb J ?J tJ'jD rifvYkd aumif;wm raumif;wmudk
igvkYd vJ xifrw S pf v
JG rf;w,f? 'd|pd b JG /J jrif&wmudk rSwo f m;rdwmvJ ESpo f ufpv JG rf;w,f? wPSmpGb J ?J tJ'D rSwrf w d m
udk igvdYk vJ xifrw S pf v
JG rf;w,f? 'd|pd b JG ?J aMumifMh updu k Nf yD; Munfrh wd m ESv;kH oGi;f rdwmudv k J ESpo f ufpv JG rf;w,f?
wPSmpGb J ?J tJ'gudk igvdYk vJ xifrw S pf v
JG rf;w,f? 'd|pd b JG ?J jrifow
d mudv k J ESpo f ufpvJG rf;w,f? wPSmpJb G ?J igu
jrifw,fvYdkvJ xifrw S pf vJG rf;w,f? 'd|pd b JG ?J 'gawGu jrif&mrSm wPSmjzifh 'd|jd zifh pGv J rf;yHak wGygbJ? yuwd
vlawG[m jrifwikd ;f jrifwidk ;f 'Dy'kH eD nf;jzifh pGv J rf;aeMuwmbJ? tJ'v D kd pJv G rf;Edik af omaMumifh tJ'D jrifqrJ mS xif½mS ;wJh
½kyef mrfawGukd Oyg'geu©Em¨ vkYd qd&k wmbJ? Mum;qJ ponfrmS vJ pGv

J rf;yHak wGuawmh enf;wlygbJ? tJ'gawGuakd wmh
tusOf;csKyfavmuf ajym&rSmbJ/
Mum;qJü Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; xif½Sm;yHk
Mum;qJü em;½ky½f vdS Ydk vJ Mum;w,f? Mum;p&mtoH½v dS Ykd vJ Mum;w,f? tJ'D em;eJY toHu ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ bJ?
tJ'gudk ESpof ufom,mNyD;awmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f? touf½iS af ewJh twåaumifxifNyD;awmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f? Mum;odw,f
qdw
k mu a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfqw kd hJ emrfcE¨m 4-yg;bJ? tJ'gawGukd ESpof ufom,mNyD;awmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f?
igaumifxifNyD;awmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f? 'gaMumifh Mum;qJü xif½mS ;wJh ½kyaf 0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwYdk ukd Oyg'g
eu©Em¨ vkYd qk&d wmbJ? aqmify'k u f kd qdMk u&r,f/
1/ Mum;qJcPü em;eJY toHu ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ /

2/ Mum;vkYd aumif;wm raumif;wmu a0'emOyg'geu©Em¨ /
3/ Mum;&wJt h oHukd rSwo f m;wmu onmOyg'geu©Em¨ /
4/ Mum;rIupd Nö yD;atmif aMumifMh updu
k w
5/ Mum;od½rkH Qoabmu 0dnmPfOyg'geu©Em¨ / Mum;qJü xif½mS ;½Sad om
þ½kyef mrfcE¨mig;yg;udk ouúm,[k ac:onf/
eHqüJ Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg; xif½mS ;yHk
eHqüJ ESmacgif;½ky½f v
dS Ykd vJ eHw,f? eHp&mteHY½v
dS Ykd vJ eHw,f? tJ'ED mS acgif;eJYteHYu ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ bJ?
tJ'gudk ESpo
f ufom,mNyD;awmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f? touf½iS af ewJh twåaumif xifNyD;awmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f? eHow d ,f
qdkwmu a0'empaom emrfcE¨m 4-yg;bJ? tJ'gawGukd ESpo f ufom,mNyDawmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f? igaumifxifNyD;awmh
vJ pGv
J rf;w,f? 'gaMumifh eHqüJ xif½mS ;wJh ½kyaf 0'emponfwYdk ukd Oyg'geu©Em¨ vkYd qd&k wmbJ? aqmify'k u f kd qdMk u
&r,f/
1/ eHqcJ Pü ESmacgif;eJY teHYu ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ /

2/ eHvYkd aumif;wm raumif;wmu a0'em Oyg'geu©Em¨ /
3/ eH&wJt h eHYukd rSwo
f m;wmu onmOyg'geu©Em¨ /
4/ eHru
I pd Nö yD;atmif aMumifMh updu
k w
5/ eHo½d rkH Qoabmu 0dnmPfOyg'geu©Em¨ / eHqüJ xif½mS ;½Sad om
þ½kyfemrf cE¨mig;yg;udk ouúm,[k ac:onf/

pm;odqJü Oyg'geu©E¨migyg; xif½Sm;yHk
pm;odqüJ vQm½ky½f vdS Ykd vJ t&omodw,f? odp&mt&om ½Sv d Ykd vJ t&omodw,f/ tJ'D vQmeJY t&omu
½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ bJ? tJ'gudk ESpo f ufom,mNyD;awmhvJ pGv
J rf;w,f? touf½iS af ewJh twåaumifxifNyD;awmhvJ
pGv
J rf;w,f? t&omodw,f qdw k mu a0'empaom emrfcE¨m 4-yg;bJ? tJ'gawGukd ESpo f ufom,mNyD;awmhvJ
pGv
J rf;w,f? igaumifxifNyD;awmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f? 'gaMumifh pm;odqüJ xif½mS ;wJ½h yk f a0'emponfwYdk ukd Oyg'g
eu©Em¨ qk&d wmbJ? aqmify'k uf kd qdMk u&r,f/
1/ pm;odqcJ Pü vQmeJY t&omu ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ /

2/ pm;vdYk aumif;wm raumif;wmu a0'emOyg'geu©Em¨ /
3/ pm;od&wJt h &omudk rSwo f m;wmu onmOyg'geu©Em¨ /
4/ t&omodru I pd Nö yD;atmif aMumifMh updu
k w
5/ t&omod½rkH Qoabmu 0dnmPf Oyg'geu©Em¨ /
pm;odqüJ xif½mS ;½Sad om þ½kyef mrf cE¨mig;yg;udk ouúm,[k ac:onf/
xdodqJü Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; xif½Sm;yHk
xdow d ,f qdw k muawmh tifrwef us,fjyefYygw,f/ wud, k v f ;kH wGif taoG;tom;aumif;wJh ae&mwdik ;f ü
xdp&mtm½Hu k kd zrf;,lEikd w f hJ ud,
k t f Munf½yk q f w
kd m½Swd ,f? tjyifyu ta&xJrmS a&m twGi;f u tom; taoG;
taMumponfawGxrJ mS a&m tESYH tjym;wnf½adS ew,f? tyfzsm;wae&mpmavmufawmif ud, k t
f Munf½yk u f if;wJah e&m
&,fvYkd r½Sb d ;l ? xdow d ikd ;f xdow d ikd ;f tJ'D xdo&d mXmeud, k f tMunf½yk [ f m xif½mS ;aewmbJ? tJ'u D , kd t f Munf½yk f
½Sv d Ykd xdow d myJ? aemufNyD;awmh xdopd &mtm½Hak wGuvJ ud, k w
f iG ;f ua&m ud, k yf ua&m tNrJ½adS ewmbJ? yx0D
tawGYvJ ½Sw d ,f? awaZmtawGYvJ ½Sw d ,f? 0ga,mtawGYvJ ½Sw d ,f? cufrmw,fç Murf;wrf;w,fç El;nHw h ,fç
acsmnufw,fvYkd od&wm[m yx0DtawGYtxdb?J ylw,fç aEG;w,fç at;w,fvYkd od&wm[m awaZm tawGYtxd
bJ? awmifw h ,fç wif;w,fç avsmhw,fç wGe;f uefw,fç vIy½f mS ;w,fvYkd od&wm[m 0ga,mtawGYtxdb?J tJ'D
awGYxpd &m½Sv d Ykd vJ xdo&d w,f? tJ'u D ,kd tf Munfeh YJ awGYxpd &m[m ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ bJ? tJ'D ud, k ½f yk ef YJ awGYx&d wm
udk ESpo f ufom,m NyD;awmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f? touf½iS af ewJh twåaumif xifNyD;awmhvJ pGv J rf;w,f? tJ'v D kd pGv
J rf;
Ekid vf Ykd ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ vdYk qd&k wmbJ/
aemufNyD;awmh awGYxv d Ykd aumif;wm raumif;wmvJ xif½mS ;w,f? tJ'rD mS awGYxv d Ykd aumif;wmu ukov kd f
\ tusKd ;jzpfwhJ okca0'emwJ?h awGYxv d Ykd raumif;wm qif;&Jwmu tukov kd \f tusdK; 'kua© 0'emwJ?h tbd"r®m
enf;t&tm;jzifh awGYx&d mrSm okceJY'u k q© dkwJh 'Da0'em 2-yg;om ½Sw d ,f? okweå af 'oemenf;t& tm;jzifah wmh rqd;k
raumif; tv,ftvwf cHpm;rIvJ awGY&mxd&mrSm xif½mS ;½Sw d mygbJ? ,ck usef;rmaewJh vlawGrmS trsm;tm;jzifh
raumif;rqd;k tawGYtxd xif½mS ;aewJh tcsdeu f rsm;wmygbJ? jrifqçJ Mum;qJç eHqçJ pm;odqcJ PawGrmS vJ tbd
"r®menf;t&tm;jzifh Oayu©ma0'emudo k m jyxm;ygw,f? 'gayrJh aumif;wJh tqif;toH ponfukd awGY&wJt h cg
aumif;wJt h aeeJY cHpm;rI xif½mS ;w,f? tJ'gudk ukov kd \f tusdK;xl;vdYk qd&k rSmbJ? raumif;wJh tqif;toHponfukd
awGY&wJt h cg qif;&Jwt hJ aeeJY cHpm;rI xif½mS ;w,f? tJ'gudk tukodkvf\ tusdK;txl;vkYd qd&k rSmbJ? raumif;rqd;k
½d;k ½d;k tqif;toH ponfukd awGY&wJt h cgrSmawmh raumif;rqd;k ½d;k ½d;k cHpm;rI xif½mS ;w,f? tJ'gudak wmh tm;enf;wJh
ukov kd f tukov kd wf Ydk \ tusdK;jzpfwhJ ½d;k ½d;k cHpm;rIvYkd qd&k rSmbJ? jrifqçJ Mum;qJç eHqçJ pm;odqüJ cHpm;rIa0'emudk
,ckajymcJw h idk ;f twdik ;f okc 'ku© Oayu©m oH;k rsKd ;pvH;k jzifh okweå af 'oemawmfrmS cJjG yxm;w,f? xdqüJ vJ enf;wlyif
cGjJ yxm;w,f? 'gaMumifh tJ'o D w k eå af 'oemenf;t&jzifh 0dyóemqdik &f mrSm a0'emudk oH;k rsKd ;vH;k yif cGjJ y&ygw,f?
tJ'D oH;k rsdK;xJu taumif;udk cHpm;&wmudk txl;ESpo f ufom,mNyD; pGv J rf;w,f? ½d;k ½k;d cHpm;&wmudv k J tenf;i,frQ
ESpo f ufom,mNyD; pGv J rf;w,f? rcHomwJh tqd;k a0'emudk awGY&wJt h cgrSmawmh taumif;a0'emudk vdck siaf wmifw h
NyD; pGv J rf;w,f? tJ'D cHpm;rIo;kH rsdK;vH;k udyk if igaumifvYdk xifrw S Nf yD;awmhvJ pGvJ rf;w,f? 'gaMumifh 'DcpH m;rIuv kd J
a0'emOyg'geu©Em¨ vdYk qd&k wmygbJ/
aemufNyD;awmh awGYx&d wmudk rSwo

f m;wmu onmOyg'geu©Em¨ bJ? xdord u I pd Nö yD;atmif aMumifMh updu
k w
f m
ESv;kH oGi;f wmu ocFg&Oyg'geu©Em¨ bJ? xdo½d rkH Qoabmu 0dnmOfOyg'geu©Em¨ bJ/ tJ'gawG qkid &f maqmify'k rf sm;udk
qkMd u&r,f/
1/ xdoq d üJ ud, k t
f Munfeh YJ xdo&d wmu ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨ /
2/ awGYxvd Ydk aumif;wm raumif;wmu a0'emOyg'geu©Em¨ /
3/ xdo&d wJh tawGYukd rSwo f m;wmu onmOyg'geu©Em¨ /
4/ xdord uI pd Nö yD;atmif aMumifMh upduk w
5/ xdo½d rkH Qoabmu 0dnmOfOyg'geu©Em¨ /
xdoq
d üJ xif½mS ;½Sad om þ½kyef mrf cE¨mig;yg;udk ouúm,[k ac:onf/
0dyóem½Ií Oyg'gefuif;NidrfyHk
xdow d idk ;f xdow d idk ;f xdow d mud½k rI w

S Nf yD; tedpçö 'kuç© tewå taejzifh trSet f wdik ;f odoo
d mG ;,if pGv J rf;rI
Oyg'gjzpfciG hf r½Syd J uif;Nidr;f uif;Nidr;f oGm;w,f? pGv J rf;rI Oyg'gef uif;Nidr;f awmh pGv
J rf;rI Oyg'gefukd rSND yD;jzpfrnfh
ur®b0qdw k hJ tukov kd u
f H ukov kd uf vH J rjzpf&bl;? uH\tusdK; b0opf ½kyef mrfawGvJ rjzpf&awmhb;l ? tkjd cif;ç
aojcif; paom qif;&JawGvJ rjzpf&awmhb;l ? tJ'g[m 0dyóemÓPfaMumifh w'*Ftm;jzifh udavomqif;&J
0#fqif;&J uif;Nidr;f yHb k ?J tJ'v D dk qif;&JNidr;f &atmifvYkd 0dyóem ½IMu&wmbJ/
tJ'vD kd 0dyóem½Iyu kH kd r[mowdy|meokwrf mS (*päaEÅm 0g *pämrDwd yZmemwd-ponfjzif)h oGm;aeqJrmS vJ

oGm;w,fvYkd ob d Ykd ? &yfaeqJç xkid af eqJç avsmif;aeqJrsm;rSmvJ &yfw,fç xkid w f ,fç avsmif;w,fvYdk odbYkd nTejf y
xm;ygw,f? aemufNyD;awmh ud, k t
f rlt&m wpHw k ck ûyqJç jzpfqJ rSmvJ tJ'D ud, k t
f rlt&mudk odbYdk neT jf yxm;
ygw,f? tJ'g[m oGm;qJponfü ud, k x
f u
J odruI kd ½Irw S Nf yD; odbYkd nTejf ywmygbJ? tJ'D nTejf ycsuftwdik ;f
oGm;w,fç &yfw,fç xkid w f ,fç avsmif;w,fç auG;w,fç qefYw,fç vIyw f ,fç azmif;w,fç ydew f ,fç xdw,f
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tJ'v D kd nTejf ywJt h wkid ;f ½k½d akd oao ½Irw S Mf uwJh olawGrmS cPdu orm"dtm;½Sv d mwJh tcgusawmh ½Irw S wf ikd ;f
½IrSwfwdkif; odp&m½kyfeJY odwJhemrf 'D 2-yg;udv k J ydik ;f jcm;NyD; ud, k yf ikd Ó
f Pfjzifyh if odMuygw,f? vIycf sifrI oGm;csifrI
paom taMumif;eJY vIy½f yk f oGm;½kypf aom tusdK;udv k J ydik ;f jcm;NyD; ud, k yf ikd Ó
f Pfjzifyh if odMuygw,f? ½Irw S wf idk ;f
½IrwS w f ikd ;f odp&ma&m odwma&m jzpfjzpfNyD; ysuyf suo f mG ;wmudv k J ud, k yf ikd Ó f Pfjzifyh if odMu&ygw,f?
tJ'v D o dk Nd yD;awmh tedpö 'ku© tewåvYdk vJ odMuygw,f/ tJ'v D dk trSet f wkid ;f odoo d mG ;wm[m 0dyóemor®m'd|b d ?J
tJ'o D r®m'd|d jzpfatmif trSeo f abmqDukd pdwOf ;D nGwaf y;wmu or®mouFyb Ü ?J tJ'D or®m'd|ed YJ or®mouFy[ Ü m
½Irw S w f ikd ;f ½Irw S wf idk ;f jzpfaew,f? tJ'g[m 0dyóemynmr*¾if 2-yg; jzpfygG ;aewmbJ/
bk&m;tavmif;awmfrsm; bk&m;jzpfatmif Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;\ tjzpftysufukd ½Iaew,f qdw k m[m 'Dvkd

½IaewmrsdK;ygbJ/ tJ'v D kd ½IrwS w
f idk ;f ½Irw S w f idk ;f aMumifMh upduk af y;wmu or®m0g,mr r*¾ib f ?J trSewf ikd ;f trSwf
&wmu or®mowd r*¾ib f ?J ½Irw d t hJ m½Hük uyfvsuf uyfvsuf wnfwnfaewmu or®morm"db?J ½Irw S w
f idk ;f
½Irw
S wf ikd ;f 'Dorm"dr*¾if oH;k yg;vJ jzpfygG ;aewmbJ/ 'D orm"dr*¾if oH;k yg;eJY ckwifu ynmr*¾if ESpyf g;udk um&u
r*¾if 5-yg;vdYk t|uxmu jyqdx k m;w,f? tvkyo f rm;r*¾iv f Ykd qdv
k w
kd mygbJ? vlig;a,muf waygif;wnf;
vky&f rnfh tvkyq f ,kd if vlig;a,muf tnDtnGwv f yk rf S udpNö yD;w,f? tJ'gvkyd J 0dyóem ½I&mrSmvJ 'Dr*¾iif g;yg;
tnDtnGwjf zpfrS orm"dÓPf wk;d wufEikd w f ,f? 'gaMumifh 'Dr*¾iif g;yg;udk um&ur*¾iv f Ykd ac:qdx
k m;wmygbJ/
or®m0gpm or®mur®EÅ or®mtmZD0 qdw k hJ oDvr*¾if oH;k yg;uawmh oDvaqmufwnfuwnf;u jynfph v kH mcJyh gNyD?
½Irw
S af ewke;f rSmvJ jynfph akH ewmygbJ? ½Irw S af eqJrmS oDvu ydNk yD;awmhawmif pifMu,fygao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh tJ'D
oDvr*¾io f ;kH yg;qdv
k Qif ½Irw S w
f ikd ;f ½Irw
S w
f ikd ;f r*¾i½f pS yf g; jzpfygG ;aewmbJ? tJ'g[m ykAb
Á m*r*fvYkd ac:wJh 0dyóem
r*¾iaf wGb?J t&d,r*f\ a½SUoGm;r*¾iaf wGvYkd qdv k wkd mygbJ/
ckwifu ajymcJw h hJ or®m'd|d ig;yg; ajcmufyg;xJrS psmeor®m'd|q d w

kd m psmeform"deYJ ,SOw f NJG yD;jzpfwhJ ÓPfyg
bJ? tJ'Ó D Pfu a½S;b0a[mif;awGuo kd w d hJ ykaAÁe0d gotbdnmOf? owå0gawG aoNyD; b0opfü jzpfMuwmudk
odjrifwhJ 'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOfq, kd ifawmh 0dyóem ½Iru I kd tm;ay;wJh tajccHr*¾if jzpfygw,f? psmefeYJ ,OS w f hJ tjcm;
ÓPfawGuawmh 0dyóemESihf odyrf qkid v f yS gbl;? tJ'D ÓPfeYJ ,OS w f hJ psmeform"duom 0dyóem\ yg'upsmef
qdwk hJ tajccH jzpfygw,f? 'gaMumifh psmeor®m'd|jd zifh ykaAÁe0d goÓPfeYJ 'dApÁ u©KÓPf&,f psmeform"d&,f tJ'D
oH;k yg;udk 0dyóem\ tajccH rlvr*¾iv f Ykd qd&k rSmbJ? 'gaMumifh psmef&wJo h [
l m tJ'pD smeform"dudk tajccHûyNyD;awmh
0dyóemr*¾iu f kd yGg;ap&w,f? psmefr&wJo h rl mS awmh ckwifu ajymcJw h hJ 0dyóem cPduorm"dudk rSND yD; 0dyóem
ÓPfawGukd jzpfygG ;ap&w,f? tJ'D 0dyóemÓPfawGu ocFg½kayu©mÓPf tEkavmrÓPftxd jynfph w kH t
hJ cgrSm
t&d,r*fjzpfNyD; edAmÁ efukd rsuaf rSmufûy&w,f? tJ'v D jdk zpfyu
kH kd aqmify'k f 2ckpx D m;w,f? tJ'gudk vdu k qf Mkd u&r,f/
(1) rlvç ykA?Á t&d,? oH;k 0 r*¾ijf rwf/

(2) jzpfygG ;apvQif? þr*¾i?f ajy;0if edAmÁ ef"mwf/
rlvr*¾iq f wkd m 0dyóem\ tajccHr*¾ib f ?J tJ'gu ckwifu ajymcJw h thJ wkid ;f uHu\
H tusdK;udk ,HMk unfwhJ
ur®óuwmor®m'd|&d ,f? psmeform"dEiS hf tbdnmOf 2yg;&,f? oDvr*¾if oH;k yg;&,f? psmefr&olrmS 0dyóemcPdu
orm"dr*¾i&f ,f 'Dr*¾iaf wGygbJ/ tJ'D tajccHr*¾iaf wGukd rSND yD;awmh jzpfcu kd f ½kyef mrfawGukd ½INyD; ykAb
Á mr*¾iq f w
kd hJ
0dyóemr*¾iu f kd jzpfygG ;ap&w,f? tJ'v D jdk zpfygG ;apvQif 0dyóemÓPf &ifw h thJ cgrSm aomwmywdrå *fqw kd hJ t&d,
r*¾ijf zpfNyD; edAmÁ eftm½Hxk oJ Ykd ajy;0ifomG ;w,fvYdk qdv k w
kd mygbJ/ [kww f ,f wif;wif;&if;&if; jynfjh ynfph pkH kH ½IrwS f
aewJo h [l m jzpfysufwhJ ½kyef mrfawGukd ½Ioad e&if; ½kycf E¨m csKyfNidr;f wJh oabmxJoYkd usa&mufomG ;w,f? tJ'g[m
wu,ftm;xkwMf unf, h if ud, k wf idk yf if awGYEikd yf gw,f/ tJ'v D kd awGYyu
kH kd y#dord'Ç gr*f ygVdawmf (411)rSm 'Dvkd
jyxm;ygw,f/
t&d,mr*fu edAÁmefjrifyHk
yOöua© E¨ tedpaö wm yóaEÅm tEkavmrduH cEð¨

y#dvbwd? yOöEéH cE¨meH eda&ma"m edpöH edAmÁ eEdÅ yóaEÅm
or®weå ,
d mrH Mouúrwd/
yOöua© E©-cE¨mig;yg;wkYd u?kd tedpaö wm yóaEÅmrNrJ[k ½Ijrifvsuf? tEkavmrducH Eð-¨ r*fÓPftm;avsmfaom

tEkavmr 0dyóemÓPfu?kd y#dvbwd&\/ ('gu Ouú|enf;tm;jzifh jyefqckd sujf zpfonf? Moruenf;tm;jzifh
or®oeÓPf O',AÁ,ÓPf ponfuv kd J jyefqEkd idk yf gonf? odYk aomf tjcm;rJüh t&d,r*foYkd a&mufyukH kd
jyxm;aomaMumifh tjrwfq;kH jzpfaom tEkavmr0dyóemÓPf[m toifah vsmfq;kH jzpfygonf/) yOöEéH cE¨meH
eda&ma"m cE¨mig;yg;wdYk \ csKyfjcif;onf? edpöH edAeÁ EdÅ NrJaom edAmÁ ef[í l ? yóaEÅm-jrifvsu?f or®weå ,
d mrH
Mouúrwd t&d,r*foYkd oufa&mufonfw/hJ
twdck sKyfqv kd w
kd muawmh ½kyef mrfcE¨mwdYk ukd rNrJb;l vdYk ½Ijrifvsuf tEkavmr 0dyóemÓPfjzifh NyD;vQif
½kyef mrfcE¨m csKyfNidr;f uif;qdww f mudk NrJwhJ edAmÁ eftaejzifh awGYjrifvsuf t&d,r*fjzpfw,fvYkd qkv d wkd mygbJ/
xkYd twlyif ½kyef mrfawGukd qif;&JvYdk ½IjrifNyD;vQif ½kyef mrfawG csKyfNidr;f uif;qdww f mudk csrf;omwJh edAmÁ eftaejzifh
awGYjrifvsuf t&d,r*fjzpfyu kH vkd J jyqdx k m;w,f/ ½kyef mrfawGukd tewåvYkd ½IjrifNyD;vQif ½kyef mrfawG csKyfNidr;f
uif;qdww f mudk (y&rw¬) tjrwfq;kH oabm edAmÁ eftaejzifh awGYjrifvsuf t&d,r*fjzpfyu kH v
kd J jyxm;w,f/ tJ'D
jyqdck su[f m rdvEd y´ OSmu jyqdyk EkH iS hf xyfwyl gbJ? rdvEd y´ OSmü 'Dvjkd yxm;ygw,f/
edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyKyHk
wó wH pdwåH ty&my&H reod ua&mawm y0wHå

rowdurú wd mG tyÜ0wHå Mouúrwd? tyÜ0wårEkyaÜ wåm r[m&mZ
or®my#dyaEém edAmÁ eH opdu
ä a&mwDwd 0kpw
ö /d (rdvEd -é 311)
ty&my&H wrSwNf yD;wrSwf tqifq h if?h reod ua&mawm ESv;kH oGi;f ½Ioad eaom? wó xkad ,m*D\? wH
pdwåH xk½d o I ad eaompdwo f nf? (ty&my&H reod ua&mawm wrSwNf yD;wrSwf tqifq h ifh ESv;kH oGi;f ½Ioad epOf?)
y0wHå orwdurú w d mG rjywfjzpfaeaom ½kyef mrft,Ofukd ausmfveG í
f ? tyÜ0wHå rjywfjzpfaeaom ½kyef mrft,Of\
jywfpcJ sKyfNidr;f jcif;oabmodYk ? Mouúrwd- ouf0ifí oGm;avawmhonfw/hJ
0dyóem½IaewJh yk*K¾d vf[m t&d,r*f ra&mufcifuqd, k if ½Iwidk ;f ½Iwikd ;f rjywfjzpfysufaewJh ½kyef mrfukd
csnf; awGYoad e&w,f? tJ'v D kd odae&if;xJu ½kyef mrfawGv;kH 0 csKyfNidr;f uif;qdww
f hJ oabmxJukd a&mufomG ;w,f?
tJ'g[m t&d,r*fjzifh edAmÁ efukd rsufarSmufawGYoo
d mG ;wmbJ? 'gaMumifh 'Dvv dk J qufNyD; jyqdx
k m;ygw,f/
r[m&mZ jrwfaom rdvEd r´ if;BuD;? or®my#dyaEém emrf½yk u f kd ydik ;f jcm;odwhJ ÓPfrpS í ocFg½kayu©m
tEkavmrÓPfwidk af tmif rSepf mG usifch o
hJ nfjzpfí? tyÜ0wå rEkyaÜ wåm rjywfjzpfaeaom ½kyef mrft,Of\ csKyfNidr;f
jywfpjJ cif;oabmodYk todÓPfjzifh a&mufomG ;aom yk*K¾d vfu?kd edAmÁ eH opduä a&mwDwd edAmÁ efukd rsuaf rSmufûyonf
[lí? 0kpw ö d ajymqd&k ygonfw/hJ
tJ'rD mS or®my#dyaEém-rSepf mG usichf w

hJ ,f qdw k m jrifwidk ;f Mum;wdik ;f eHwikd ;f pm;odwidk ;f xdow d idk ;f BuHow
d ikd ;f
'Gg& 6-yg;u xif½mS ;ay:vmwJh ½kyef mrfawGukd rjywf½rI w S af e&w,f? tJ'v D kd ½Irw S af e&if; orm"dtm;½Sv d mwJt
h cg
usawmh ½kyef YJ emrfukd ydik ;f jcm;odwhJ emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPfjzpfw,f? tJ'u D aemuf taMumif;eJY tusdK;udk ydik ;f jcm;odwhJ
ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓPfjzpfw,f? tJ'u D aemuf ½Irw S rf ad om ½kyef mrf\tjzpftysufukd od&wJt h wGuf tedpö 'ku© tewå
csnf;bJvYkd oH;k oyfqifjcifwhJ or®oeÓPf jzpfw,f? tJ'D or®oeÓPftcdu k üf tjzpftysuf odwmuawmh oEÅwd
tm;jzifh odwmbJ? vsijf refpmG jzpfysuw f hJ cPtm;jzifh odwmawmh r[kwaf o;bl;? tJ'u D aemuf cPtm;jzifh
vsifjrefpmG tjzpftysufuo kd w
d hJ O',AÁ,ÓPf jzpfw,f? tJ't D cgrSm ta&miftvif;awGuv kd J xl;jcm;pGmawGY&w,f?
tvGet f uJ 0rf;ajrmufwuf<uwJh yDwad wGvJ txift½Sm;jzpfw,f? owd orm"d ÓPfawGvJ xl;jcm;pGmjzpfw,f?
ud,k pf wd \
f Nidr;f at;rI yó'd̈-ponfawGvJ xif½mS ;pGmjzpfw,f/
tJ'uD aemuf jzpfrI tpydik ;f udk rawGY&awmhyJ vsifjrefpmG ysufysufomG ;wJh tqH;k ydik ;f uko d m awGY&wJh b*F
ÓPfjzpfw,f? tJ't D cg yHo k P²mef txnfj'AfvJ rxif½mS ;awmhb;l ? ½Irw S w
f idk ;f ½Irw
S w
f ikd ;f od&wmeJY odwm[m
csujf cif;yif tvGevf sijf refpmG ysuyf suo
f mG ;wmudck sn;f awGYae&w,f? tJ'aD wmh rNrJwmcsn;f bJ qif;&Jcsn;f bJ tpd;k
r&wJh tewåoabmw&m;csnf;bJvYkd vJ odwÓ hJ Pf[m tvGe½f iS ;f vif;pGm jzpfw,f/
tJ'u D aemuf aMumufp&mvdYk xifwhJ b,ÓPfjzpfw,f? tjypfjrifwhJ tm'De0ÓPfvJ jzpfw,f? NiD;aiGYwhJ

edA'dÁ gÓPfvJ jzpfw,f/ tJ'u D aemuf jzpfysufaewJh ½kyef mrfawGukd pGeYf vw T v
f wdk hJ rkOwöd u k rswm ÓPfvJ jzpfw,f?
tJ't D cg jzpfysufaewJh ½kyef mrfawG vH;k 0r½Syd J jywfpcJ sKyfNidr;f oGm;rS qif;&Jcyford ;f uif;Nidr;f r,fvYkd vJ xifjrifwwf
w,f? tJ'g[m edAmÁ eftppfukd ajr§mv f ifw h hJ ÓPfb/J tJ'v D dk edAmÁ eftppfukd ajr§mv f ifNh yD; ½kyef mrfawGukd pGeYf vw
T cf sif
awmh pGeYf vw T Ef idk af tmif wzef½o I &d w,f? tJ'gu y#docFgÓPfb/J tJ'D y#docFgÓPftm;jynfw h thJ cg ocFg&awGukd
vspfvsL½IEikd w f hJ ocFg½kayu©mÓPfjzpfw,f? tJ'D ocFg½kayu©mÓPfu tvGex f ufjruford af rGYNyD; tvGev f aJ umif;yg
w,f? wem&D ESpef m&D ponfMumatmif xkid af eayr,fvYkd yifyef;qif;&Jjcif; r½Sb d ;l ? 3-em&D avmufxidk Nf yD; ½Irw S f
aewmudv k J wcPav;vkYd xif&w,f? txl;vJ aMumifMh urpdu k &f yJ trSwt f od[m aumif;NrJaumif;aew,f?
pdwyf sHYviG jhf cif;vJ r½Sb d ;l ? tvGeyf if odraf rGYE;l nHyh gw,f/
tJ'o D cFg½kayu©mÓPfu &ifo h eftm;jynfw h thJ cgrSm a½SUem;u ajymcJw

h t
hJ wkid ;f tEkavmrÓPfjzpfNyD; t&d,
r*fjzifh ½kyef mrfocFg& csKyfNidr;f wJoh abmxJoYkd usa&mufomG ;wmbJ/ ,ckajymcJw h m[m y#dord'Ç gr*fygVdawmf ESihf
0do'k r¨d *fwYdkü jyxm;onft h wkid ;f or®my#dyEé-enf;vrf;rSepf mG usifyh ykH gbJ/ ,ck xkwjf ycJw h hJ y#dord'Ç gr*fygVdEiS hf
rdvEd y´ OSmwdYk ü t&d,r*fjzifh edAmÁ efrsuaf rSmufûyyHu
k kd jyxm;&mrSm ½kyef mrfcE¨m csKyfjcif;udk awGYoyd o
kH m jyxm;w,f?
tJ'g[m omrnedAmÁ efukd awGYoyd b kH /J r*fav;yg;\ tpGr;f aMumifh toD;toD; udavomNidr;f yHak wmh 0daoo
edAmÁ efb?J tJ'D 0daooedAmÁ efawGYoyd u

kH akd wmh 'Dy#dord'Ç gr*fEiS hf rdvEd y´ OSmwdYk rmS jyrxm;bl;? tJ'gudk txl;owdûyMu
&r,f/
'gayrJh tJ'D 0daoo edAmÁ ef[m udavomcE¨mwdYk \ csKyfjcif;jzpfí omrnedAmÁ efü twGi;f 0ifaeojzifh toD;
tjcm; edAmÁ efr[kwaf Mumif;udk a½SUem;ydik ;f u ½Si;f jycJyh gNyD? 'Dae&mrSm ,ckvkd us,u
f s,jf yefYjyefY ajyma[mae&wm
uawmh "r®'Ed mé ax&Du t&d,r*¾i½f pS yf g;udk ouúm,eda&m" ac:wJh edAmÁ efoYkd a&mufwwf-a&mufapwwfwhJ
r*¾opömjzpfaMumif; ajz½Si;f jyxm;aomaMumifh 0dyóemr*fukd rSND yD;awmh t&d,r*fjzpfwt hJ cg tJ'D eda&m"opömac:wJh
edAmÁ efrsufarSmufûyyHk tm½Hûk yyHu
k kd odem;vnfMu&atmifvYkd xyfrNH yD;½Si;f jy&wmygbJ/ 'gavmufq, kd if em;vnf
avmufygNyD/
,ck ajymcJwh t
hJ wkid ;f "r®'Ed mé ax&D\ opömav;yg; ajzMum;csuu
f kd Mum;em;&wJt
h cg "r®'Ed mé omoemawmfü
aysmaf rGYaeaMumif;udk 0domcaoa|;BuD;u odomG ;ygowJ?h bmaMumifh od&ovJqakd wmh omoemawmfü raysmaf rGYwhJ
olq, kd if ,ck ar;orQjyóemudk twdtusajzMum;&ef rwwfEidk af ybl;? "r®'Ed mé uawmh twdtus ajz½Si;f jyEdik f
w,f? 'gaMumifh omoemawmfü aysmfarGYaeNyDvYkd od&ygowJ/h
'gayrJh avmuü v aersm; xif½mS ;aeovdyk if Ak'o ¨ moemawmfrmS opömav;yg;uvJ xif½mS ;aew,f?
y&dowftv,fü jrwfpmG bk&m;ua&m r[max&fjrwfrsm;ua&m opömav;yg;udyk if azmfjya[mMum;aeMuw,f?
½Si&f [ef; ûypuwnf;u av;ckqw kd m bmvJ? t&d,opömav;yg;bJvYkd tar;tajzudk oif,al pw,f? "r®'Ed mé uvJ
ÓPfaumif;w,f? Mum;emjcif;jzifv h J enf;,lNyD;ajzMum;Edik w
f ,f? 'gaMumifh 'DajzMum;csurf Qjzifh opömav;yg;udk
xk;d xGi;f odNyD;jzpfw,fvYkd rqH;k jzwfEidk af o;bl;? opömav;yg; cGjJ cm;ar;wm ajzEkid rf S qH;k jzwfEikd rf ,fvYkd BuHawG;
NyD;awmh 0domcaoa|;BuD;u 'Dvdk ar;jyefygowJ/h
Oyg'gefEiS hf Oyg'geu©E¨mtar;
wan0 Ekacg ta,s Oyg'geH aw yOöKyg'geu©Em¨ ?

O'g[k tnMw yOö[yk g'geu©aE¨[d Oyg'geH/
ta,s-t½Sirf "r®'Ed mé ? wan0 Oyg'geH-xdpk v JG rf;wwfaom Oyg'gefonfyifvQif? aw yOöKyg'geu©Em¨

Ekacg-xdk ig;yg;aom Oyg'geu©Em¨ wkYd jzpfMuygoavm? O'g[k-xdo k Ykd r[kwv
f Qif? Oyg'geH-Oyg'gefonf? yOö[d
Oyg'geu©aE¨[d tnMw-Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;wkYd rw
S yg; wjcm; tvGww f &m; jzpfygoavmwJ/h
Oyg'geu©Em¨ vkYd qd&k mrSm Oyg'gefeYJ Oyg'geu©Em¨ qdw k m twlwb

l v
J m;? wjcm;pDvm;vkYd ar;wmygbJ/ 'D
tar;udk ajzbkYd &m rvG,yf gbl; cufygw,f? 'gayrJh "r®'Ed mé ax&Duawmh y#dorÇ'd gÓPfx;l rsm;eJY jynfph akH ewJh
&[EÅmr txl;jzpfwt hJ wGuf csufjcif;yif 'Dvkd ajzMum;vdu
k yf gw,f/
Oyg'gefEiS hf Oyg'geu©Em¨ tajz
e acg tm0kaom 0domc wan0 Oyg'geH aw

yOöKyg'geu©Em¨ ? emyd tnMw yOö[yk g'g eu©aE¨[d Oyg'geH/
a,m acg tm0kaom 0domc yOöok Oyg'geu©aEök qE´&ma*g?
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k J twåaumif
owå0gaumifvYkd txifrmS ;w,f/
"mwfBuD;av;yg;t& qd, k if Murf;wrf; El;nHah csmnufwhJ yx0D½yk u f v

kd J twåvYkd txifrmS ;w,f? ylaEG;
at;wJh awaZm½kyu f v
kd J twåvYdk txifrmS ;w,f? awmifw h if;vIy½f mS ;wJh 0ga,m½kyuf v
kd J twåvYkd txifrmS ;w,f?
pdx
k ikd ;f aewJh tmayg½kyu f v
kd J twåvYdk txifrmS ;w,f? tJ'"D mwfav;yg;udk tpGûJ yí rdr\ d udk,f½kyf olwyg;\
ud,k ½f yk uf v
kd J twåvYdk txifrmS ;w,f/ 'gavmuf qd, k if ½lyH twåawm orEkyówd ½kyu f kd twå[k xifrwS \
f
qdwk hJ ouúm,'d|d twå'|d ad c:wJh (twåvYkd ) txiftjrifrmS ;yHu k kd em;vnfavmufygNyD/
,ckajymcJw
h m[m ½kyo
f ufoufukd twåvYdk xifrmS ;yHb
k ?J tJ'g[m ½kycf E¨meJYpyfNyD; ouúm,'d|jd zpfykH trSwf
(1) yJ? tJ'v
D kd ½kyo
f ufoufukd twåvYdk xifrw
S af wmh jriford I Mum;odrI BuHord I cHpm;rIpaom emrfw&m;awGukd
twåaumif igaumif\ pGr;f &nfvYkd xifrw
S w
f ,f/
½kycf E¨meJY pyfNyD; ouúm,'d|d jzpfykH trSwf (2) uawmh twåmeH twåu?kd ½ly0EHÅ 0g ½ky½f o dS nf[í l rlvnf;?
orEkyówd xifrw S \ f wJ/h twúrmS ½ky½f w dS ,fvYdk xifrw S wf ,fw?hJ tJ'guawmh BuHord I jriford pI aom emrfw&m;
udk twåvYdk xifrw S Nf yD;½kyuf akd wmh tJ'eD mrftwåeYJ yl;wGNJ yD; jzpfaewJh t½Sed t f 0gvkYd xifrw
S wf ,f? bmudv k J qk,
d if
opfyifukd rSND yD; t&dy½f w dS mvdYk tJ'eD mrftwåukd rSND yD; ½kyu f ,dk Bf uD;wnf½adS ew,fvYkd xifjrifwmygbJ? twåukd rSND yD;
½kyuf ,
kd Bf uD;jzpfvmyH[ k m yuwd0g'½So d \l t,lEiS hf cyfww l yl if? yuwd0g'udk tus,fov d ydk gu 0do'k rd̈ *f
r[m#Dumedó, pwkww ¬ JG (211) ponfrmS MunfEh ikd yf gw,f? 'DtrSwf (2) ouúm,'d|u d awmh twårSm ½kyf½Sdw,f
vkdY t,ltpGJygbJ/
½kyef YJ pyfNyD; ouúm,'d|d jzpfykH trSwf (3) uawmh-twåed 0g twåürlvnf;? ½ly-H ½kyu f ?kd orEkyówd
xifrw S \
f wJ?h 'gu ½kyu f ,kd Bf uD;[m twåurkd NDS yD; wnfaew,fvYkd xifrw
S w
f hJ t,lygbJ? bmvdwk ek ;f qd,k if yef;yGihf
xJü teHYwnfaeovdkygbJw/hJ 'guvJ BuHord pI aom emrfukd twåvYdk ,Nl yD; ½kyu f tJ'tD wåukd rSND yD; wnf½adS ew,f
vkYd ,lqwmygbJ? 'Dt,lukd ay:vGiaf tmif jybdYk uawmh rvG,yf gbl;/
trSwf (4) t,ljzpfyu

kH awmh ½lyoð® 0g ½kyüf rlvnf; twåmeH twåu?kd orEkyówd xifrw S \f wJ/h BuHord I
paom emrfukd twåvYkd ,lNyD; tJ'D twåu ½kyu f , kd x
f rJ mS wnfaew,fvYdk ,lqxifrw S wf mygbJ? 'Dvdk ,lq
xifjrifwmuawmh rsm;yHak y:ygw,f? Ak'o¨ moem0ifawG xJrmS awmif w&m;awmftMum;rjrif r½Sw d hJ olawGu tJ'D
twdik ;f xifaeMuw,f? aowJt h wåaumifu ud, k x f rJ S wjcm;xGuo f mG ;vdYk xifaeMuw,f? b0opfrmS jzpfwhJ
tcgvJ tJ't D wåaumifu trd0rf;wGi;f 0ifNyD;wnfaew,fvYdk xifMuw,f? tJ'g[m ½kyu f ,dk uf kd rSND yD; pdwef mrf
twåaumif wnfaew,fvYdk ,lqyHyk gbJ/
trSeu f awmh Ak'w ¨ &m;awmft&tm;jzifh twåaumif&,fvYdk r½Syd gbl;? taMumif;tm;avsmfpmG ½kyef mrfawG
rjywfqufpyfNyD; jzpfaewJh ½kyef mrftpOfrQom ½Syd gw,f? aocgeD;rSm udavomruif;ao;,if uH ur®erd w d f
*wderd w d f qkwd hJ tm½Hok ;kH ckxuJ wckcu k kd pGrJ wS Nf yD;ae&if; aemufq;kH pdwf csKyfomG ;w,f? aemufxyf½yk ef mrftopfvJ
tJ'oD EÅmefrmS rjzpfvmawmhb;l ? 'gaMumifh aow,fvYkd qd&k wmbJ? 'gayrJh vH;k vH;k jywfpo J mG ;wmawmh r[kwb f ;l ?
pGv
J rf;cJwh hJ tm½Huk kd tm½Hûk yvsuf uHtm;avsmfpmG XmetopfrmS pdwef mrftopfjzpfw,f? pdwef mrf\ rS&D m½kyt f opfvJ
jzpfw,f? tJ't D pqH;k ½kyef mrfawG csKyfomG ;wJt h cg aemufaemuf ½kyef mrftopfawGvJ qufum qufum rjywfjzpf
aew,f? tJ'g[m uHtaMumif;aMumifh b0opf½yk ef mrfawG jzpfyb kH ?J aemufq;kH pdwcf sKyfomG ;wJt h cgvJ taumifvu dk f
aysmufysufomG ;wawmh r[kwb f ;l ? taumifvu kd f tjcm;XmeodYk a½TUoGm;wmvJ r[kwb f ;l / 'g[m Ak'w ¨ &m;awmft&
aoyHek YJ b0topfjzpfyykH gbJ/
'gayrJh tJ'v D dk w&m;udk rMum;&ao;wJh olawG? Mum;&aomfvJ oabmraygufao;wJh olawGuawmh rS&D m

jzpfwhJ ½kyu
f ,
kd Bf uD; ysupf ;D oGm;wJt
h cg odwwfwhJ twåaumifu wjcm;xGuo f mG ;w,f ponfjzifh xifjrif,q l aeMu
wmbJ/ tJ'g[m twåaumif igaumifu ½kyu f ,
kd Bf uD;udk rSND yD; wnfaew,fvYdk xifrw S w
f hJ ouúm,'d|d twå'|d d
ygbJ/ ½kycf E¨meJYpyfNyD; ouúm,'d|d 4-yg; jzpfyu
kH awmh jynfph o kH mG ;ygNyD? wdw
k ekd YJ rSwof &d atmif vku
d q
f Mkd u&r,f/
ouúm,'d|d ESpfq,f
1/ ½kyu
f kd twåaumif xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
2/ twåaumifrmS ½ky½f w
dS ,f xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
3/ twåaumifü ½kyw f nfaeonf xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
4/ ½kyu
f ,
kd xf üJ twåaumifwnfaeonf xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
þonfum; ½kycf E¨mESihf pyfí txifrmS ;aom ouúm, 'd|d 4-yg; jzpfonf/
½kyfeJYpyfNyD; twå'd|d ouúm,'d|d 4-yg;jzpfovkyd if a0'empaom emrfcE¨m 4-yg;eJY pyfNyD;awmhvJ ouúm,

'd|d jzpfyu
kH kd 4-yg;pDyif jyqdx
k m;ygw,f/ a0'emeJY pyfNyD; jzpfyu
kH awmh-
a0'eH cHpm;rIa0'emud?k twåawm twå[?k orEkyówd xifrw S \

f / twåmeH twåu?kd a0'em0EHÅ 0g-
a0'em ½So
d nf[íl vnf;? xifrw S \
f ? twåed 0g twåü rlvnf;? a0'eH a0'emud?k xifrw
S \
f ? a0'em, 0g
a0'emürlvnf;? twåmeH twåukd xifrw S f\wJh/
cHpm;rI a0'emudk twåaumif igaumifvYkd xifrw S w

f mvJ ½Swd ,f? tJ'gu b,fvv dk J qdak wmh ud,
k x
f J
pdwx
f aJ umif;wm csr;f omwmudv k J igvkYd xifw,f? raumif;wm qif;&Jwmudv k J igvkYd xifw,f? raumif;rqd;k
aeom xkid o f m tv,ftvwfjzpfaewmudv k J igvkYd w,fx,f? tJ'g[m a0'emoH;k yg;udk igaumif twåaumifvYkd
txifrmS ;wJh ouúm,'d|b d ?J tJ'vD x
dk ifwhJ t,lu a0'emrSwyg;aom pdwef mrfw&m;awGuv kd J igaumifvYdk
rxifb;l ? ½kywf &m;awGuv kd J igaumifvYdk rxifb;l ? cHpm;rIoufoufuo kd m igvkYd xifwmwJ?h tJ'gu a0'emeJY pyfNyD;
ouúm,'d|d jzpfyt kH rSwf (1)yJ/
trSwf (2) uawmh twåaumif igaumifrmS cHpm;rI ½Sw d ,fvYkd xifrw

S w
f ,f? trSwf (3) uawmh twåukd
rSNDS yD; cHpm;rI jzpfw,fvYkd xifrw
S w f ,f? trSwf (4) uawmh a0'emudk rSND yD; twåu wnf½adS ew,fvYdk xifrw S w
f ,f?
tJ'D trSwf (2-3-4) t& ouúm,'d|d jzpfyu kH awmh a0'emudk twåvYkd rxifyJ usefwhJ ½kyef mrfawGukd twåvYdk
xifrw S wf mygbJ/ tJ'gvJ wdw k ekd YJ rSw&f atmif vkud q
f Mkd u&r,f/
1/ a0'emudk twåaumif xifwmu ouúm,'d|w d yg;/

2/ twåaumifrmS a0'em½Swd ,f xifwmu ouúm,'d|wd yg;/
3/ twåaumifü cHpm;rIjzpfonf xifwmu ouúm,'d|w d yg;/
4/ cHpm;rIü twåaumif wnfaeonf xifwmu ouúm,'d|w d yg;/
þonfum; a0'emcE¨mESihf pyfí txifrmS ;aom ouúm,'d|d 4-yg; jzpfonf/
onmeJYpyfNyD; 'd|jd zpfyu

kH awmh onH rSwof m;rI onmud?k twåawm twå[?k orEkyówd xifrw S \
f /
twåmeH twåu?kd onm0EHÅ 0g onm½So d nf[íl rlvnf;? xifrw
S \f ? twåed 0g twåürlvnf;? onH-onmud?k
xifrw
S \
f ? onm, 0g-onmürlvnf;? twåmeH-twåudk xifrw S \
f wJh/
rSwo f m;rI onmudk twåaumif igaumifvYdk xifrw S w f mvJ ½Swd ,f? b,fvv dk J qdak wmh jrif& Mum;&wm
awG rSwrf w d mvJ igbJ? eH& pm;od&wmawG rSwrf w d mvJ igbJ? awGYxw d m BuHow d mawG rSwrf w d mvJ igbJ? bmrqdk
rSwrf wd m[m igbJ? awGUod&wmawGukd rarhatmif rSwx f m;Ekid w
f m igbJ? pmayoif,al vhvm&mrSm rarhatmif
rSwxf m;Edik wf m igbJ? tpp t&m&m rarhatmif rSwx f m;Edik wf m[m igbJvYkd xifrw S w f ,f? tJ'g[m rSwo f m;rI
onmudk twåaumif igaumifvYkd txifrmS ;wJh ouúm,'d|b d /J 'Dvkd xifwt hJ ,lu onmrSwyg;aom pdwef mrf
w&m;awGuv kd J igaumifvYkd rxifb;l ? ½kyw
f &m;awGuvkd J igaumifvYdk rxifb;l ? rSwo f m;rI oufoufuo kd m
igvkYd xifwmbJ/ tJ'gu onmeJYpyfNyD; ouúm,'d|d jzpfykH trSwf (1) yJ/
trSwf (2) uawmh twåaumif igaumifrmS rSwo f m;rI½w

dS ,fvYdk xifrw
S w
f ,f? trSwf (3) uawmh twåukd
rSND yD; rSwo
f m;rI jzpfw,fvYdk xifrw
S w
f ,f? trSwf (4) uawmh onmudk rSND yD; twåu wnf½adS ew,fvYdk xifrw
S f
w,f? tJ'D trSwf (2-3-4) t& ouúm,'d|d jzpfyu kH awmh onmudk twåvYdk rxifyJ usefwhJ ½kyef mrfawGukd twåvYkd
xifrw
S w
f mygbJ/ tJ'gvJ wdw
k ekd YJ rSw&f atmif vku
d q f Mkd u&r,f/
1/ onmudk twåaumif xifwmu ouúm,'d|w d yg;/

2/ twåaumifrmS onm½Swd ,f xifwmu ouúm, 'd|w d yg;/
3/ twåaumifü rSwof m;rI jzpfonf xifwmu ouúm, 'd|w d yg;/
4/ rSwo
f m;rIü twåaumif wnfaeonf xifwmu ouúm, 'd|w d yg;/
þonfum; onmcE¨mESihf pyfí txifrmS ;aom ouúm,'d|d 4-yg; jzpfonf/
ocFg&u©Em¨ eJYpyfNyD; 'd|jd zpfyu

kH awmh ocFga&-ûyvkytf m;xkwrf I ocFg&wdYk u?kd twåawm twå[?k orEkyó
wd xifrw
S \
f ? twåmeH twåu?kd ocFg&0EHÅ 0g ocFg&awG½o dS nf [lírlvnf;? xifrw S \
f / twåed 0g-twåürlvnf;?
ocFga&-ocFg&wkYd u?dk xifrw S \f ? ocFga&ok 0g-ocFg&wkYd ürlvnf;? twåmeH-twåmud?k xifrw S \
f -wJh/
ocFg& qdw k m oHeYJ u&-rS jzpfvmwmbJ? NyD;pD;atmifaumif;pGm ûyw,fvYkd teuf½w dS ,f? BuHrI ajymrI
ûyvkyrf I jrifrI Mum;rI eHord I pm;odrI xdord aI wG NyD;pD;atmif vHYI aqmfay;wJh apwemESiw hf uG zó {u*¾wm
reodum& 0dwuf 0dpm& avmb a'go arm[ tavmb ta'go tarm[ o'¨g owdpaom emrfw&m;awGygbJ?
tJ'gawG[m pdwef YJ ,SOw f NJG yD; waygif;wnf; jzpfaomaMumifh apwoduv f Ydk ac:w,f? ta&twGut f m;jzifh (50)
½Sw
d ,f? tJ'aD pwdouf (50) xJrmS apwemu jy"mef;vkYd apwemudk ocFg&vkYd uHvYdk a[mjyxm;ygw,f? 'gayrJh
avmb ponfEiS w hf uG jzpfwt hJ cg avmb a'go arm[ rme 'd|d 0dpu d pd mä ponfuvJ xif½mS ;w,f? tavmb
ta'go todÓPf o'¨g owdponfuvJ xif½mS ;w,f? 0dwuf 0dpm& 0D&, d yDwd ponfuvJ xif½mS ;w,f? tJ'D
xif½mS ;wJh ocFg&awGukd twåaumif igaumifvYdk xifrw S wf mvJ ½Swd ,f? xifrw S yf ukH awmh apwem xif½mS ;wJt h cg
vHUI aqmfwudk w
f eG ;f wmudk igvdYk xifw,f? avmbponf xif½mS ;wJt h cg vkcd sifwm pdwq f ;kd wmponfukd igvkYd
xifw,f? tavmbponf xif½mS ;wJt h cg rvkcd sifwm onf;cHwm odjrifwm Munfñw dk m ponfukd igvkYd
xifw,f? 0dwufponf xif½mS ;wJt h cg BuHawG;wm qifjcifwm tm;xkww f m 0rf;ajrmufwmponfukd igvkYd
xifw,f? tJ'g[m ocFg&awGukd twåaumif igaumifvYdk xifrw S yf Hk ygbJ/ tJ'v D kd xifrw S w f m[m ocFg&awGukd
twåvYkd xifrmS ;wJh ouúm,'d|b d ?J tJ'v
D xkd ifwt hJ ,lu a0'emonm pdwq f w kd mawGuv kd J igvkYd rxifb;l ? ½kyaf wG
udvk J igvdYk rxifb;l ? BuHpnf ajymqdk ûyvkyrf q I w
kd hJ ocFg&awGuokd m igvkYd xifwmwJ?h tJ'gu ocFg&u©Em¨ eJY pyfNyD;
ouúm,'d|d jzpfykH trSwf (1)yJ/
trSwf (2) uawmh twåaumif igaumifrmS BuHpnfrI ajymqdrk I ûyvkyrf I ocFg&awG ½Sw
d ,fvYkd xifrw S w
f ,f?
trSwf (3) uawmh twåukd rSND yD; ocFg&awG jzpfMuw,fvYdk xifrw
S w f ,f? trSwf (4) uawmh ocFg&awGukd rSND yD;
twåu wnf½adS ew,fvYdk xifrw S w f ,f? tJ't
D rSwf (2-3-4) t& ouúm, 'd|d jzpfyu kH awmh ocFg&awGukd twåvYdk
rxifyJ usefwhJ a0'em onm pdwef YJ ½kyw f &m;awGuo kd m twåvYdk xifrwS w f mbJ? tJ'gvJ wdwk ekd YJ rSw&f atmif
vku
d q
f Mkd u&r,f/
1/ ocFg&awGukd twåaumif xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/

2/ twåaumifrmS ocFg&awG½w dS ,f xifwmu ouúm,'d|w
d yg;/
3/ twåaumifü BuHrI ajymrI ûyrI jzpfonf xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
4/ BuHajymûyrIawGü twåaumif wnfaeonf xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
þonfum; ocFg&u©Em¨ ESiphf yfí txifrmS ;aom ouúm,'d|d 4-yg; jzpfonf/
0dnmPu©Em¨ eJYpyfNyD; 'd|d jzpfyu

kH awmh 0dnmPH 0dnmPfac:onfh pdwu f ?kd twåawm-twå[?k orEkyówd
xifrw
S \
f / twåmeH-twåu?kd 0dnmP0EHÅ 0g-pdw0f n d mPf ½So d nf[íl rlvnf;? xifrwS \
f / twåed 0g-twårül
vnf;? 0dnmPH-pdw0f n
d mPfu?kd xifrw S \ f ? 0dnmPoð® 0g pdw0f n
d mPfrül vnf;? twåmeH-twåu?kd xifrw
S \
f wJh/
0dnmPfqw kd m pdwyf gbJ? pdwf qdw

k muawmh Armpum;vdk jzpfaeygNyD? uav;oli,fupNyD; em;vnfaewJh
trnfygbJ? tJ'D pdwf 0dnmPfu jrifow d m Mum;odwm eHow
d m t&omodwm xdow d m BuHow
d mudk 6-yg;½Sdw,f?
tJ't
D xJrmS BuHow
d ,f qdwk muawmh tifrwef us,fjyefY rsm;jym;ygw,f? tJ'D jrifrI paom pdwuf kd twåaumifvYdk
xifrwS w f mvJ ½Sw

d ,f? b,fvv dk qJ akd wmh jrifow d mudk igvkYd xifw,f? igu jrifw,fvYdk xifw,f? xkYd twlyif
Mum;odwm eHow d m pm;odwm xdow d mawGuv kd J igvdYk xifw,f? pdwu f ;l BuHow
d mudv k J igvkYd xifw,f? igu
BuHaew,fvYkd xifw,f? tJ'g[m pdw0f n d mPfukd twåaumif igaumifvYkd txifrmS ;wJh ouúm, 'd|b d ?J 'Dvkd
xifwt hJ ,lu ½kyu f , dk Bf uD; wckv;kH udk twå[k rxifb;l ? pdwef YJ yl;wGNJ yD; jzpfwhJ zó a0'empaom apwoduf (52)
yg; emrfw&m;awGuv kd J twå[k rxifb;l vdYk yJ usrf;*eft&tm;jzifh rSwo f m;&ygw,f? 'gayrJh vltrsm;\ t,ltq
uawmh tJ'D zó a0'empon awGuv kd J pdwv
f Ydk yJ rSw,f xl m;vsuf ½Sad eMuygw,f? 'gaMumifh pdwu f kd twåaumif
igaumifvYdk xifrw S &f mrSm zó a0'em paom emrfw&m;awGuv kd J twåvYdk xifrw S af eMurSmygbJ? odYk aomfvJ
usrf;*eft& tm;jzihaf wmh pdw0f n d mPfukd twåvYdk xifrw S wf hJ t,lu pdwo f ufoufuo kd m igvkYd xifrw S w
f mygbJ?
'g[m pdw0f nd mPfeYJ pyfNyD; ouúm,'d|d jzpfykH trSwf (1)yJ/
trSwf (2) uawmh twåaumif igaumifrmS jriford pI aom pdw½f w dS ,fvYkd xifrw S w f ,f? trSwf (3) uawmh
twåukd rSND yD; jriford pI aom pdwjf zpfw,fvYkd xifrw S wf ,f? trSwf (4) uawmh pdwu f kd rSND yD; twåu wnf½adS ew,f
vdYk xifrw
S w f ,f? tJ'D trSwf (2-3-4) t& ouúm,'d|jd zpfyu kH awmh pdwu f kd twåvYkd rxifyJ ½kyu f ,
kd Bf uD;eJY zó
paom apwoduef mrfawGuo kd m twåvYdk xifrw S rf wd mbJ? tJ'gvJ wkw
d edk YJ rSw&f atmif vdu k q f Mdk u&r,f/
1/ pdwu
f kd twåaumif xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
2/ twåaumifrmS pdw½f w
dS ,f xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
3/ twåaumifü pdwjf zpfonf xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
4/ pdwfü twåaumif wnfaeonf xifwmu ouúm,'d|d wyg;/
þonfum; 0dnmPu©Em¨ ESihf pyfí txifrmS ;aom ouúm,'d|d 4-yg;jzpfonf/
,ck a[mjycJw h m[m bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfEiS t hf nD "r®'Ed mé ax&Du ajzMum;wJh ouúm,'d|d jzpfyakH wG
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aygif; 5-yg;/
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f nfaew,fvYkd xifw,f?
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twåü 0dnmPfwnfaew,fvYkd xifw,f?
aygif; 5-yg;/
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a0'emü twåwnfaew,fvYkd xifw,f?
onmü twåwnfaew,fvYkd xifw,f?
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0dnmPfü twåwnfaew,fvYkd xifw,f?
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pd&0goDoil ,frmS towfc&H vdYk jzpfap? tcsKyftaESmifc&H vdYk jzpfap? ypön;f qH;k ½H;I vdYk tuJ&h UJ cH&vkYd jzpfap
oifrh mS aomuponf jzpfEikd yf govm;vkYd jrwfpmG bk&m;u ar;awmfrw l ,f? aomuponf b,frmS rjzpfy½J ydS ghrvJ?
toufawmifrS aoEkid yf gw,f bk&m;wJ?h 'gaMumifh qif;&J'u k [
© m cspcf ifEpS o
f ufrI qEáMumifh jzpfw,fvYdk rSwo f d
&r,fvYdk rdeYf awmfrNl yD;awmh 'Dvv dk J ar;awmfryl gw,f? pd&0goD\ rdcifukd rjrifb;l ao; rMum;bl;ao;cifu tJ'D
trsKd ;orD;udk cspcf ifEpS o
f ufjcif; jzpfcyhJ g&JUvm;wJ/h rjzpfcyhJ gbk&m;? 'gjzifh cspcf ifEpS o
f ufjcif;[m jrif&Mum;&vkYd
jzpfwmr[kwv f m;? [kwyf gw,fb&k m;? tu,fí pd&0goD\rdcif towfc&H tcsKyftaESmifc&H ,if qH;k ½I;H ,if
tuJ&h UJ cH&,if oifrh mS aomuponf rjzpfaybl;vm;vkYd ar;awmfrw l ,f? b,frmS rjzpfy½J ydS ghrvJ? toufawmifrS
aoEkid yf gw,f bk&m;wJ?h 'gaMumifh qif;&J'u k [
© m cspcf if ESpo f ufrI qEáMumifh jzpfw,fvYkd rSwo f &d r,fvYkd
rdeYf awmfrwl ,f? rSeyf gbk&m;vkYd tJ'½D mG vlBuD;u 0efcyH gowJ/h (oH,w k ?f wwd,? 510)
,ckajymcJw h hJ bj'u ½GmvlBuD;0w¬Kuawmh cspcf ifEpS o f ufraI Mumifh rsuaf rSmufrmS yif qif;&JjzpfygG ;yHb k /J xkYd
twlyif ½kyef mrfqif;&JawGukd taumif;xifNyD; ESpo f ufom,mae,if wb0NyD; wb0 topftopf jzpfNzpfNyD;
qif;&Jae&wmbJ? 'gaMumifh tJ'ED pS o f uf om,mrI wPSm[m ork',opömbJ? jzpfcu kd ½f yk ef mrfukd ½Irw
S Nf yD; tedpö
ponfjzifh trSeu f kd odwidk ;f odwikd ;f tJ'o
D &d wJh ½kyef mrftm½Hrk mS ESpo
f ufom,mrI wPSmrjzpfyJ uif;½Si;f oGm;w,f?
tJ'g[m ½IrwS Nf yD; trSetf wdik ;f odwhJ 0dyóem or®m'd|jd zifh ork',wPSmudk y,fwmbJ? tJ'g[m ork',opömukd
y,faomtm;jzifh rSepf mG odwmbJ/
tJ'v
D dk ork',wPSm uif;½Si;f oGm;wkid ;f tJ'oD &d wJh tm½Hek YJ pyfNyD; b0opf ½kyef mrf qif;&JawG jzpfciG hf
r½Sad wmhyJ uif;Nidr;f oGm;w,f? tJ'g[m w'*Fead &m"udk NyD;apaomtm;jzifh or®m'd|u d trSet f wkid ;f odonfrnfwm
bJ/
½Irw
S w
f idk ;f ½Irw
S w
f idk ;f 0dyóemr*¾iaf wG jzpfjzpfomG ;wmu r*¾opömudk jzpfygG ;apaomtm;jzifh trSet f wdik ;f
odonfrnfwmbJ? 'gu 0dyóem or®m'd|t d & rSepf mG odyb
kH /J t&d,r*f or®m'd|u
d awmh edAmÁ efukd rsuaf rSmufawGY
odjrifNyD; opömav;yg;vH;k udk rSepf mG odjrifw,f? tJ't D aMumif;udak wmh pmrlrus,f&atmif 'Dae&mrSm rjyawmhygbl;/
,ck ork',opömaqmify'k u f kd qdMk u&r,f/
(2) ocFg&wGi?f taumif;xif? cifrif orkwnf;/
jrifqJ Mum;qJ ponfü xifay:vmwJh ½kyef mrfocFg&awGukd NrJonft h ae csrf;omonfh vSyonft h ae

ponfjzifh taumif;xifae,if ESpo f ufcifrifwhJ wPSmork', jzpfw,f? ½Irw S vf Ykd tedppö onfjzifh odae,ifawmh
tJ'w
D PSm Nidr;f w,f? tJ'w D PSmudk Nidr;f apaomtm;jzifh or®m'd|u
d rSepf mG odjrif&w,f? tJ'v D dk rSepf mG od&atmifvYdk
rjywf½rI w S af eMu&wmygbJ? t&d,r*f or®m'd|u d edAmÁ efukd awGYjrifawmh jzpfysufaewJh ½kyef mrfawGukd qif;&JvYdk
odEikd yf ?kH wPSmuif;yHak wG[m omNyD; xif½mS ;ygw,f? 'gaMumifh tJ'D eda&m"opöm taMumif;udv k J qdMk u&r,f/
(3) ½kyef mrftm;vH;k ? jzpfysufoOk ;f ? csKyfq;kH edAmÁ efwnf;/
0dyóemÓPf &ifo h efjynfph w

kH t
hJ cgrSm cPrpJ jzpfysufaewJh ½kyef mrfawGukd ½Ioad e&if;xJu odp&ma&m
odwma&m vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f uif;½Si;f aewJh oabmxJoYkd usa&mufomG ;w,f? tJ'v D dk usa&mufawGYjrifyu
kH kd a½SUem;ydik ;f u
jyqdck yhJ gNyD? tJ'g[m or®m'd|u d eda&m"opömudk trSet f wdik ;f odjrifyykH gbJ? cPrpJ jzpfysufaewJh ½kyef mrfawGudk
½Ioad omtm;jzifh 0dyóemr*fukd yGm;ae&w,f? aemufq;kH usawmh tJ'jD zpfysuf ½kyef mrfqif;&J [lorQ csKyfNidr;f wJh
oabmudk rsuaf rSmufûyaomtm;jzifh t&d,mr*fukd jzpfymG ;ap&w,f? tJ'v D dk jzpfymG ;apaomtm;jzifh odwmukd or®m
'd|u
d rSepf mG odjrifwmvdYk qd&k w,f? tJ'D r*¾opömeJY qdik w
f hJ aqmify'k u
f kd qdMk u&r,f/
(4) qif;&JNidr;f &m? qdu

k af &mufwm? opömr*¾wnf;/
,ckajymcJw h t
hJ wkid ;f or®m'd|u
d -rSepf mG odjrifw,fqw kd m 'kuo© pömudk tedpö ponfjzifh ydik ;f jcm;od&w,f?
tJ'vD dk ork',opömudk y,faomtm;jzifh od&w,f? eda&m" qif;&JNidr;f &mudk rsuaf rSmuf ûyNyD; od&w,f? r*¾opömudk
rdro
d EÅmefü jzpfymG ;apaom tm;jzifh od&w,f? tJ'v D dk rSepf mG odjrifwmudk or®m'd|vd Ydk qd&k wmbJ/
or®m'd|d jzpf,if rSepf mG BuHwhJ or®mouFyu Ü vJ pdwOf ;D nGww f hJ taejzifh yg0ifwmygbJ? or®m0g,mr qdq k hJ
rSepf mG tm;xkwrf v I J yg0ifwmygbJ? jrifrI Mum;rIponfawGukd trSet f wkid ;f trSw&f NyD; od&atmif aMumifMh updu k af y;
aewm[m or®m0g,mrbJ? trSet f wkid ;f trSw&f wJh or®mowd yg0ifwmuawmh tvGex f if½mS ; ay:vGiaf eygNyD?
(orm[dawm-pdww f nfMunfaom olonf? ,xmblwH [kww f idk ;f rSepf mG ? yZmemwd od\vkYd ) a[mxm;wJt h wdik ;f
orm"d½rdS S trSet f wdik ;f odEikd af omaMumifh or®m'd|u d rSepf mG jrif,if or®morm"dvJ yg0ifaMumif; xif½mS ;ygw,f?
aemufNyD;awmh oDv0do'k d̈ jynfph ykH grS 'd|0d o d 'k pd̈ aom ynm0do'k id̈ g;yg; zj pfEikd af omaMumifh or®m'd|u d rSepf mG jrifwikd ;f
or®m0gpm ur®EÅ tmZD0qdw k hJ oDvr*¾irf sm;vJ yg0ifjynfph akH Mumif; xif½mS ;ygw,f? ,ckajymcJw h hJ 0dyóemor®m'd|ed YJ
t&d,r*f or®m'd|d jzpfqrJ mS or®mouFypÜ aom r*¾iaf wGvJ yg0ifygw,f? tJ'D r*¾i½f pS yf g;u t*Fg½Spyf g;½Sw d hJ t&d,
r*fyv J Ykd "r®'Ed mé ax&Du ajzMum;ygw,f? tJ'rD mS 0dyóemr*¾iaf wGu t&d,r*f\ a½SUaqmifjzpfwhJ ykAb Á m*r*fy?J
aomwmywdrå *f ponfuawmh t&d,r*fyv J Ykd 'Dvdk cJjG cm;NyD; rSwof xd m;Mu&r,f/
tJ't
D ajzudk Mum;emNyD;awmh 0domc aoa|;BuD;u 'Dvdk ar;jyefygw,f/
ocFw-tocFwtar;
t&da,m yema,s t|*Øaum ra*¾g ocFawm? O'g[k?

tocFawm/
ta,st½Sirf "r®'Ed mé ? t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g t*Fg½Spyf g;½Sad om t&d,r*fonf? ocFawm Ek acg
taMuif;w&m;rsm;u ûytyfaom ocFww&m; jzpfygoavm? O'g[k odYk r[kw?f tocFawm rûytyfaom tocF
w&m; jzpfygoavmwJ/h
r*¾½pS yf g;wJh t&d,r*f[m tjcm;emrfw&m;rsm;vkyd if taMumif;w&m;awGuûyvkYd jzpfwhJ ocFww&m;ygvm;?

odYk r[kwf edAmÁ eftNidr;f "mwfvydk if tocFww&m;ygvm;vkYd ar;wmygbJ/ tJ't
D ar;udk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'Dvdk ajzMum;
ygw,f/
ocFwjzpfaMumif; tajz
t&da,m acg tm0kaom 0domc t|*Øaum ra*¾g

ocFawm/
tm0kaom 0domc-'g,um 0domc? t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g-t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom t&d,r*fonf? ocFawm

0dyóempaom taMumif;w&m;u ûytyf-jzpfap tyfaom ocFww&m; jzpfygonfw/hJ
olYqikd &f m taMumif;w&m;rsm;u vHYI aqmf axmufyûhH yvkyaf y;rS jzpfay:vmwJh ocFww&m;ygwJ?h tocFw
w&m;qdw k m edAmÁ ef wyg;wnf;om ½Sw d ,f? tJ'eD Ad mÁ efqwdk mu t&d,r*f\ tpGr;f aMumifh udavomawG jzpfciG rhf ½Syd J
Nidr;f jcif;oabmbJ? Nidr;f w,fqw dk mjzpfay:wm r[kwv f Ydk taMumif;aMumifh jzpfw,fvYkd rqd&k bl;? tJ'D udavom
taMumif;w&m;uif;vkYd b0opf ½kyef mrf qif;&JawG rjzpfawmhyJ uif;Nidr;f wmvJ edAmÁ efb?J tJ'gvJ jzpfay:wm
r[kwv f Ydk taMumif;aMumifjh zpfwhJ ocFwvdYk rqd&k bl;? tocFwom rnfw,f? t&d,r*fw&m; qdw k muawmh a½S;
tzkYd u ykAb Á m*r*fqw kd hJ 0dyóemaMumifh jzpfwmbJ? teD;uyfq;kH tm;jzifh (tEkavmrH a*gMwbkó -tEkavmr
0dyóemu tjcm;rJüh a*gMwblukd jzpfapvsuf aus;Zl;ûyw,f? a*gMwbk r*¾ó a*gMwblu t&d,r*fukd tjcm;rJüh
jzpfapaomtm;jzifh aus;Zl;ûyw,fvYkd ) a[mxm;wJh y|mef;ygVdawmft& a½S;tzdYk u 0dyóemtqifq h ifah Mumifh
teD;qH;k tm;jzifh a*gMwblaMumifjh zpfw,f qdw k mvJ xif½mS ;w,f? aemufNyD;awmh wnf&mrS&D m½kyef YJ ,SOb f uf w&m;
awGaMumifh jzpfw,fqw kd mvJ xif½mS ;ygw,f/
'gaMumifh pmayusr;f *efwwf yk*K¾d vfawG taetm;jzifh t&d,r*f[m qdik &f mtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh jzpfvYdk
ocFww&m;jzpfaMumif; xif½mS ;aeygw,f? ar;p&mawmif rvkb d ;l vdYk qdpk &mygbJ? 'gayrJh okwr½Swd hJ yk*K¾d vfawG
taetm;jzifah wmh txifrmS ;p&m½Syd gw,f/ t&d,r*fu ½kyef mrfqif;&J Nidr;f wJh tocFw edAmÁ efukd tm½Hûk yNyD; jzpfawmh
edAmÁ efvydk if tocFw avvm;vkYd ,Hrk mS ;p&m xifrmS ;p&m ½Syd gw,f? or®weå , d mrrnfaomaMumifh tocFwvkYd
xifp&mvJ½ydS gw,f? awmfawmfqu D vlwa,mufu'DrmS vmNyD; ar;w,f ]]t&d,r*f[m tocFww&m;ygvm;}}wJ?h
bmhaMumifh 'Dvdk ar;&wmvJqakd wmh ]]q&mBuD;wa,mufu olYusrf;pmtkyx f rJ mS t&d,r*fudk tocFww&m;}}vkYd
jyqdx k m;wmudk awGU&aomaMumifyh gwJ/h
tJ'uD sr;f pmrSm t&d,r*f tocFwjzpfaMumif; uxm0w¬KygVdjzifh jyqdx k m;w,fvYdk qdyk gw,f? tJ'u D srf;
pmtkyaf wmh rawGUbl;ygbl;? uxm0w¬Kusr;f xJu pmyd'k f trSwf (445) ponfrmS (ed,mr[m tocFwvm; ponf
jzif)h jyqdx
k m;wmudk trSûD yNyD; a&;xm;[efwyl gw,f/ uxm0w¬Kusrf;rSm trSm;eJY trSef tjiif;tcHjk zpfyakH wGukd
jyxm;w,f? odem;vnf&ef rvG,v f yS gbl;? trSm;bufu 0g'eJY trSeb f ufu 0g'udk cGjJ cm;od&ef rvG,v f yS gbl;?
A[kow k jynf0h wJo h rl çS ygVdEiS hf t|uxmudv k J ususeeavhvmMunfrh S odem;vnfEikd w f ,f? uxm0w¬Kusr;f rSm
wwd,o*Fg,em acwfwek ;f u t,lrmS ;teJY t,lreS u f kd pdppfa0befjyxm;w,f? aomwmywdrå *fukd a&mufwo hJ rl mS
*wdeYJ ÓPfukd jrJapaomaMumifh tJ'rD *fudk or®weå , d mrac:w,f? tJ'rD *fpw d f csKyfomG ;wJah emufvJ *wdeYJ ÓPfu
rcRwrf ,Gi;f yJ cdik Nf rJaeaomaMumifh ed,mrudk tocFwvkYd t,lrmS ;jzpfaew,f? ed,mrqdw k m t&d,r*fy?J ed,mrudk
tocFwvkYd qdak wmh t&d,r*fuv kd J tocFwvkYd qd&k ma&mufwmaygh? tJ'g trSm;ppfppfy?J tJ'D trSm;udk trsm;tm;
em;vnf&atmifvYdk pdppfa0befjycsufygbJ/ tJ'gudk trSex f ifNyD; [du k srf;ûyyk*K¾d vfu a&;xm;[efwyl gw,f/
'gaMumifh 'Dvdk t,lrmS ;udk y,fzsufEidk &f eftwGuf ]]t&d,r*f[m ocFwvm; tocFwvm;}}vdYk ar;wmvJ ar;oifyh g
w,f? ]]ocFwyg}}vkYd tajzvJ ajzoifiw h mygbJ? tocFw qd, k if edAmÁ efvydk if csKyfysufjcif; r½Syd J tNrJwnfae&rSm?
t&d,r*fuawmh tjcm;pdwrf sm;vdyk if Oyg'gXDbifqw kd hJ cPi,fo;kH csufrQom wnf½w dS ,f? bifcPrSm vH;k 0csKyf
aysmufomG ;w,f? 'gaMumifh edAmÁ efvdk tNrJwnf½adS ewmvJ r[kwb f ;l ? ckwifu ajymcJw h thJ wdik ;f 0dyóempaom
taMumif;rsm;aMumifh jzpfay:wJw h &m;vJjzpfaew,f? 'gaMumifh ocFww&m; jzpfaMumif; tvGeyf if xif½mS ;ygw,f/
tJ't
D ajzudk Mum;emNyD;aemuf 0domcaoa|BuD;u 'Dvv
dk J ar;jyefygw,f/
o*F[dwac: odrf;,ltyfyHktar;
t&da,e Ek acg ta,s t|*Øaue ra*¾ewa,m cE¨m

o*F[w d m? O'g[k wD[d caE¨[d t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g
o*F[ad wm/
ta,s t½Sirf "r®'Ed mé ? t|*Øaue-t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom? t&da,e ra*¾e-t&d,r*fjzif?h wa,m cE¨m (oDv

orm"d ynm-[laom) oH;k yg;ukeaf om cE¨mwkYd u?kd o*F[w d m Ekacg-odr;f ,ltyfygukeo
f avm? O'g[k-odYk r[kwf
wD[d caE¨[-d oH;k yg;ukeaf om cE¨mwkYd jzif?h t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g-t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom t&d,r*fudk? o*F[dawm
odr;f ,ltyfygoavmwJ/h
t&d,r*fjzifh oDv orm"d ynmqdw k hJ cE¨moH;k yg;udk twGi;f oGi;f NyD; ,l&ygovm;? odYk r[kwf cE¨moH;k yg;jzifh
t&d,r*fudk twGi;f oGi;f NyD; ,l&ygovm;vkYd ar;wmygbJ? tJ'g[m t&d,r*ftaMumif;eJY oDvu©Em¨ ponf
taMumif;rSm ruRr;f usif rEdik ef if;,if ajz&efrvG,b f ;l ? cufygw,f? 'gayrJh "r®'Ed mé ax&Duawmh y#dord'Ç gywå
&[EÅmr jzpfaewJt
h wGuf tvG,w f uleYJ yif 'Dvdk ajzMum;vku d yf gw,f/
o*F[dwac: odrf;,ltyfyHk tajz
e acg tm0kaom 0domc t&da,e t|*Øaue ra*¾e

wa,m cE¨m o*F[wd m? wD[d p acg tm0kaom 0domc caE¨[d
t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g o*F[ad wmwJ/h
tm0kaom 0domc 'g,um 0domc? t&da,e t|*Øaue ra*¾e t*Fg½Spyf g; ½Sad om t&d,r*fjzif?h wa,m
cE¨m (oDv orm"d ynm [laom) oH;k yg;ukeaf om cE¨mwdYk u?kd e acg o*F[w d m rodr;f ,l tyfyguke/f tm0kaom
0domc 'g,u 0domc? p trSet f m;jzifah omum;? wD[d caE¨[d (oDv orm"d ynm [laom) oH;k yg;ukeaf om cE¨m
wkdYjzifh? t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom t&d,r*fu?kd o*F[ad wm odr;f ,ltyfygonfw/hJ
t*Fg½Spyf g;½Sw
d hJ t&d,r*f qdw k mu 'Dae&mrSm avmukw&å mr*fuo kd m qdv k ykd gw,f? oDv orm"d ynmqdwk hJ
cE¨moH;k yg;uawmh avmuDov D orm"d ynmawGuv kd J qdv
k ykd gw,f? 'Dawmh t&d,r*ft&u usOf;w,f? cE¨moH;k yg;
t&u us,fw,f? tusOf;xJrmS tus,fukd oGi;f ,lvYkd r&bl;? tus,fxrJ mS om tusOf;udk oGi;f ,lvYkd &w,f? Oyrm
tm;jzifh ûrdUu usO;f w,f? wkid ;f jynfu us,w f ,f? ûrdUu wdik ;f jynfxrJ mS twGi;f 0ifaew,f? 'gaMumifh ûrdUjzifh
wdik ;f jynfukd odr;f oGi;f ,lvYdk rjzpfb;l ? wdik ;f jynfjzifo
h m ûrdUudk odr;f oGi;f ,lEikd w
f ,f? tJ'gvdb k ?J avmuDov
D ponf
awGyg t<uif;rJyh g0ifaewJh cE¨moH;k yg;jzifo h m t*Fg½Spyf g;½Sw d hJ avmukw&å m t&d,r*fukd odr;f oGi;f NyD; ,l&ygw,fvYdk
qdkvdkygw,f/
'Dae&mrSm txl;odrw S pf &muawmh ½lyu©Em¨ paom ig;yg;vkyd if oDvu©Em¨ ponfuvJ ig;yg;½Sw

d ,f/
tJ'gawGukd vdu
k q
f Mkd u&r,f/
1/ oDvu©Em¨ -oDv*kPfaus;Zl; tzkdYtpk/

2/ orm"duE© m¨ -orm"d*kPfaus;Zl; tzkdYtpk/
3/ ynmu©Em¨ -ynm*kPfaus;Zl; tzdkYtpk/
4/ 0drw
k uåd E© m¨ -t&d,zdkvf *kPfaus;Zl; tzkdYtpk/
5/ 0drwk Ó åd P'óe u©Em¨ -ypöa0u©Pm *kPfaus;Zl; tzkdYtpk/
tJ'D cE¨mig;yg;xJrmS oDvu©Em¨ qdw k m avmuD avmukw&å m oDvawGygbJ? avmuDov D qdw

k m ig;yg;oDv
½Spyf g;oDv q,fyg;oDv ½Sio f mraPoDv &[ef;oDvawGygbJ? avmukw&å moDv qdw k muawmh r*fpw
d f zkv
d pf w
d f
eJY ,SOwf NJG yD;jzpfwhJ or®m0gpm or®mur®EÅ or®mtmZD0 qdw
k hJ oDvr*¾io
f ;kH yg; ygbJ/
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2-em&D ponfvJ Mumjrifph mG wnfaeEdik yf gw,f? waeYv;kH wnOhv f ;kH vJ wnfaeEdik yf gw,f/
txl;rSwpf &muawmh orxorm"du tm½Hek rd w d w

f ckwnf;ü rsm;pGmaom pdwaf wG tpOftwef;vku d f
wnfaeaomaMumifh yAEörm"dvYdkvJ ac:&w,f? zvormywf orm"duvJ enf;wlygbJ/ 0dyóemorm"duawmh
tJ'Dvkd wtm½Hkwnf;ü tpOftwef;vkduf wnfaewm r[kwb f ;l ? wtm½Hk wtm½Hük wcP wcPrQom wnfw,f?
'gaMumifh 0dyóemorm"dudk cPdu orm"dvYdk ac:&w,f/ tJ'gudk cPrwå|w d ad um-wcPrQ wnfjcif;½Sad om?
orm"d-orm"daywnf;vdYk 0do'k r¨d *f r[m#Dum yXrwGJ (342)rSm jyqdxk m;ygw,f? tJ'gudv
k J txl;owdûyMu&r,f/
azmif;w,f ydew f ,f xkid w f ,f xdw,f Mum;w,f jrifw,f odw,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S wf ikd ;f ½Irw S w
f idk ;f
½Irwd hJ tm½Hük uyfceJ uyfceJ wnfwnfaewm[m 0dyóem cPdu orm"db?J tJ'D orm"dtpGr;f aMumifh odp&m
½kyef YJ odwhJ emrfponfjzifh ½kyef YJ emrfuv kd J cGjJ cm;NyD; odoo
d mG ;w,f? auG;csifvYdk auG;w,f? rsufp½d v dS Ydk jrifw,f?
jrifp&m½Svd Ydk jrifw,f? odp&m½Sv d Ykd odw,f ponfjzifh taMumif;eJY tusdK;udv k J cGjJ cm;NyD; odood mG ;w,f? ½Iae&if;
topftopf jzpfvmNyD; csujf cif;yif aysmufaysmuf oGm;wmudk awGY&vkYd rNrJb;l ponfjzifv h J odoo d mG ;w,f? tJ'g
[m cPduorm"dukd rSND yD; 0dyóemÓPf jzpfwmbJ/ ,ck tajzpum;t&uawmh edAmÁ eftm½Hük ouf0ifNyD; wcPrQ
wnfaewJh r*form"dukd ajzMum;wmygbJ? 'kw, d tajzuawmh-
pwåma&m-av;yg;ukeaf om? owdy|mem-owdy|mefwYkdonf? orm"d edrw

d må -orm"djzpfaMumif; edrw
d w
f Ykd
jzpfygonfw/hJ
owdy|mef 4-yg;qdw k m ud, k tf rlt&mawG jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f trSw&f wmu (1) um,mEkyóem
owdy|mef? taumif;tqd;k tvwfpm; cHpm;rI a0'emudk jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f trSw&f wmu (2) a0'emEkyóem
owdy|mef? pdwu f ;l pOf;pm; MuHpnfrI pdwt f rlt&mawGukd jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f trSw&f wmu (3) pdwmå Ekyóem
owdy|mef? jrifrI Mum;rIpaom oabmw&m;awGukd jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f trSw&f wmu (4) "r®mEkyóem owdy|mef
qdkwJh 'D 4-yg; ygbJ/ aqmify'k af wGuakd wmh pmrsufEmS (39-40)rSm azmfjyxm;cJyh gNyD/ tJ'D trSw&f rI owdy|mef 4-
yg;[m pdww f nfMunfrI orm"djzpfaMumif; w&m;awGygbJw/hJ orm"dukd jzpfapyHu k awmh-
tmemygeac:wJh 0ifouf xGuo f ufavudk 0ifw,f xGuw f ,f ponfjzifh ½Irw S af e,if tJ'D trSw&f wJh
owdaMumifh Oypm orm"dEiS w hf uG ½lypsmef 4-yg; 5-yg; jzpfEikd w f ,f? qHyif arG;ñSi;f ponfukd ESv;kH oGi;f ½Iae,if
tJ'o D wdaMumifh Oypmorm"dEiS w hf uG yXrpsmef orm"djzpfEidk w f ,f? oGm;qJponfü oGm;onf &yfonf xkid o f nf
avsmif;onf vIyo f nf auG;onf qefYonf ponfjzifh ½Irw S af e,if tJ'D trSw&f wJh owdaMumifh Oypm orm"d
ac:wJh 0dyóem cPduorm"d jzpfw,f? tJ'o D rm"dtm;aumif;wJt h cg ckwifu ajymcJw h thJ wkid ;f ½kyef YJ emrfuvkd J
cGjJ cm;NyD; odw,f? taMumif;eJY tusdK;udv k J cGjJ cm;NyD;odw,f? tjzpf tysuf tedppö onfuv kd J odw,f? 'gaMumifh
owdy|mef ygVdawmfrmS um,oð-® ½kyt f aygif;ud,

k üf ? ork',"r®mEkyóD0g-jzpfjcif;ç jzpfaMumif;udk ½Ijrifvsuf
rlvnf;? 0d[&wd-ae\? 0,"r®mEkyóD 0g-ysufjcif;ç ysufaMumif;udk ½Ivsufrv l nf;? 0d[&wd-ae\ ponfjzihf
a[mxm;wmygbJ/ 'gu um,mEkyóem owdy|mefaMumifh orm"djzpfyb kH /J tar;tajzuawmh orm"d jzpfaMumif;
ESio
hf m qdik yf gw,f? 'gayrJh owdeYJ orm"daMumifh 0dyóemÓPf jzpfyu kH vJ odem;vnf&ef ta&;BuD;vdYk ÓPfjzpfykH
udkvJ xnfo h iG ;f jyqdv
k u
dk &f wmygbJ? tJ'D 0dyóemÓPf jynhpf wkH t
hJ cg owdorm"daMumifh t&d,r*fÓPfvJ jzpfyg
w,f/
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owdaMumifh 0dyóemcPduorm"djzpfw,f? pdwu f ;l BuHpnfrI jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f ½Irw
S af e,if tJ'D owdaMumifvh J
0dyóem cPdw orm"djzpfw,f? jrifrI Mum;rIpaom oabmw&m; xifac:wdik ;f ½Irw S af e,if tJ'D owdaMumifvh J
0dyóem cPduorm"d jzpfw,f? tJ'o D rm"dtm; aumif;wJth cg a0'emç pdwçf oabmw&m;wkYd \ tjzpftysufukd
odNyD; tedppö onfjzifh odwhJ 0dyóemÓPfvJ jzpfw,f? tJ'D ÓPf&ifo h ef jynfph w kH t
hJ cg t&d,r*fÓPfvJ jzpfw,f?
'gu a0'emEkyóem owdy|mefponfaMumifh cPdu orm"djzpfyEkH iS hf 0dyóemÓPfjzpfykH t&d,r*fÓPf jzpfyykH g
bJ/
wwd, tajzuawmh-pwåma&m 4-yg; ukeaf om? or®y"Ü mem-or®y"Ü efwYkdonf? orm"d y&du&© m orm"d\
tjcHt&H jzpfMuygonfw/hJ
,ck ajzMum;cJwh t Jh wkid ;f owdy|mefaMumifh orm"djzpfw,fqakd yr,fvYkd owdoufoufeYJ awmh rjynfph kH

ao;bl;? tNcHt&H taMumif;uvJ vdak o;w,f? tJ'D tNcHt&HtaMumif;u bmvJvYkd qakd wmh udpö 4-yg;udk NyD;apwJh
or®y"Ü mef 0D&, d ygwJw/hJ tJ'D or®y"Ü mef 4-yg; jzpfyu kH awmh (1) tEkyEÜ mé eH ygyumeH tukovmeH "r®meH
tEkygÜ 'g, qEH́ Zaewd 0g,rwd-ponfEiS t hf nD rjzpfb;l ao;wJh tukovkd af wG rjzpf&atmif tm;xkwaf om
tm;jzifvh J jzpfw,f/
(2) OyÜEmé eH ygyumeH tukovmeH "r®meH y[mem,qEH́ Zaewd 0g,rwd ponfEiS t

hf nD jzpfNyD; tukov
kd f
udyk ,f&ef tm;xkwaf omtm;jzifvh J jzpfw,f/
(3) tEkyEÜ mé eH ukovmeH "r®meH OyÜg'g, qEH´ Zaewd 0g,rwdponfEiS t

hf nD rjzpfao;wJh ukov
kd u
f kd
jzpfatmif tm;xkwaf omtm;jzifv
h J jzpfw,f/
(4) OyÜEmé eH ukovmeH "r®meH Xdw, d m .... yg&dy&l , d m qEH́ Zaewd 0g,rwd ponfEiS t hf nD jzpfNyD; ukov kd f
wnfwahH tmif wk;d yGm;atmif jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwaf omtm;jzifv h J jzpfw,f? tJ'g[m or®y"Ü mef vHYk v0D&, d
av;yg;jzpfyb
kH ?J um,ç a0'emç pdwçå "r®wYkd ukd ½Irw S rf ad tmif tm;xkww f ikd ;f tm;xkww f ikd ;f 'Dor®y"Ü mef 4-yg;
yg0ifaewmbJ? jzpfq½J yk ef mrfawGukd trSw&f atmif tm;xkww f idk ;f tm;xkww f ikd ;f rjzpfao;wJh tukov kd af wG rjzpf&
atmifvJ tm;xkwo f nfrnfw,f? jzpfNyD; tukov kd u f kd y,fEikd af tmifvJ tm;xkwo f nfrnfw,f? rjzpfao;wJh
0dyóem ukov kd çf t&d,r*fuo k vkd u
f kd jzpfatmifvJ tm;xkwo f nf rnfw,f? jzpfNyD; 0dyóemukov kd f jzpfNrJ
jzpfvsuf wnfwahH tmif wk;d yGg;atmif t&d,zkv d af &mufvsuf jynfph akH tmifvJ tm;xkwo f nfrnfw,f? tJ'D
tm;xkwrf I or®y"Ü mef vHYk vtjcHt&H ½Sad evkYd owdy|mef jzpfNyD;awmh 0dyóemorm"d jzpf&w,f/ t&d,r*fcPü
jzpfaom 0D&, d eJY owdawGvJ 0dyóem½Icu kd u
f 0D&, d eJY owdurkd NDS yD; jzpfwmbJ? t&d,r*f orm"d[mvJ tJ'D
t&d,r*f 0D&, d tjcHt&HeYJ owdaMumifh jzpfwmbJ? 'gaMumifh or®y"Ü mef 4-yg;udk t&d,r*f orm"d\ tNcHt&HvYdk
qd&k wmygbJ/
pwkwt ¬ ajzuawmh -- awoHa,0 "r®meH xk0d &D , d owd orm"d wkYd uykd ifvQi?f ,m tmao0em tMuif rS0D J
jcif;onf? ,m bm0em tMuif jzpfygapjcif;onf? ,H A[kvu D rH® tMuif tBudrrf sm;pGmûyjcif;ç jzpfapjcif;onf?
twd¬½Sd\? t,H þrS0D jJ cif;ç jzpfygG ;apjcif;ç tBudrrf sm;pGmûyjcif;onf? {w¬ þt&mü? orm"dbm0em orm"dudk
jzpfapjcif; yGm;apjcif;aywnf;wJ/h
bm0emqdw
k m 2-rsdK;½Sw
d ,f? orm"dukd jzpfygG ;apwJh orm"d bm0emu wrsK;d ç ynmudk jzpfygG ;apwJh
ynmbm0emu wrsKd ;? 'D 2-rsKd ;ygbJ? tJ't
D xJrmS orm"dbm0emqdwk mu orx orm"davmuf jzpfygG ;apwmvJ
½Sw
d ,f? 0dyóemorm"dukd jzpfygG ;apwmvJ½wdS ,f? t&d,r*f orm"dukd jzpfygG ;apwmvJ ½Sw
d ,f? ,ckar;wJh orm"d
bm0emuawmh t&d,r*fukd ar;&mrS qufNyD; ar;vmwmrdYk t&d,r*form"d bm0emudk ar;w,fvYdk ,l&ygw,f?

tJ'D jyóem\ tajzudv k J t&d,r*form"dbm0emudk ajzw,fvYkd yJ ,l&ygw,f/ tJ'aD wmh t&d,r*form"d qdw k m
wBudrw f nf; wcgwnf; jzpfwmrdYk yGg;apw,fç tBudrrf sm;pGm jzpfapw,fqw
kd mudk ½Si;f jybdYk cufygw,f/
t|uxmrSmawmh pdww f Budrw f nf; twGi;f rSmyif rS0D jJ cif;a&m jzpfygG ;apjcif;a&m tBudrrf sm;pGm ûyjcif;a&m
,l&r,fvYdk qdx k m;w,f? tJ'v D q dk akd wmh Oyg'fcPü tmao0emt& rS0D w J ,fvYkd ,l&rSmvk?d XDcPü bm0emt&
yGm;apw,fvYkd ,l&rSmvk?d bifcPü A[kvu D rHt
® & tBudrrf sm;pGmûyw,fvYkd ,l&rSmvdk jzpfaew,f? tJ'v D dk qdak wmh
auseyfzYkd oabmuszdYk cufygw,f/ t*Fw k &å t|uxm 'kw, d wGJ (346)rSmawmh 'kw, d r*fjzifh rS0D jJ cif;ç wwd,r*f
jzifh yGm;apjcif;ç pwkwr¬ *fjzifh tBudrrf sm;pGm ûyjcif;ud, k bl Ykd nGeMf um;xm;ygw,f? tJ'gudak wmh trsm;u oabmus
zG,½f ydS gw,f? wenf;tm;jzifah wmh ykAb Á m*r*fqwkd hJ 0dyóemr*f orm"djzpfpOfu rS0D jJ cif;paom t½Sed t f 0gudk
,lNyD;awmh r*fcPü jzpfyu kH kd qdwk ,fvYdk ,l,ifvJ oihaf wmfavmufygw,f/
0dyóemcPrSmawmh or®m0g,mrr*¾iq f w kd hJ or®y"Ü mef tNcHt&HEiS whf uG or®mowdr*¾iq f w kd hJ owdy|mef

4-yg; aMumifh or®morm"dr*¾iq f w
kd hJ orm"d[m tBudrBf udrf tzefzef jzpfygG ;vmcJ&h w,f? oGm;w,fç &yfw,fç
xkid w f ,f ponfjzifh ud, k t
f rlt&mudk ½Irw S w
f idk ;f um,Ekyóem owdy|mefjzpfw,f? a0'emudk ½Irw S w
f ikd ;f
um,mEkyóem owdy|mefjzpfw,f? a0'emudk ½Irw S wf ikd ;f a0'emEkyóem owdy|mefjzpfw,f? pdwu f ;l BuHpnfru I kd
½IrwS w f idk ;f pdwmå Ekyóemowdy|mefjzpfw,f? jrifrçI Mum;rIç ponf jzpfcu kd üf jrifw,fç Mum;w,fponfjzifh ½Irw S f
wkid ;f "r®mEkyóem owdy|mefjzpfw,f? tJ'D owdy|mef 4-yg;[m tm;xkwrf q I w
kd hJ or®yÜ"mef tultnD½SdvkdY
jzpfaewmbJ? tJ'D or®y"Ü mef tNcHt&HEiS w hf uG owdy|mef 4-yg;aMumifh ½Irw d hJ tm½Hw k ikd ;f rSm pl;pdu
k w f nfMunfwhJ
orm"d jzpfaewmbJ? tJ'D orm"d tm;aumif;wJt h cg t&d,r*for®y"Ü mef tNcHt&HEiS w hf uG t&d,mr*f owdy|mef
aMumifh t&d,r*f orm"djzpfwmbJ? tJ'D or®y"Ü mefç owdy|mefç orm"dqw kd hJ w&m;oH;k yg;[m r*¾½pS yf g;xJu or®m
0g,mrç or®mowdç or®mor®m"d qdw k hJ orm"dr*¾io f ;kH yg;bJ/
'Duaemuf qufNyD;a[majym&rnfh tar;tajzawGuawmh todcufwhJ tar;tajzawGygbJ? 0domcaoa|;

BuD;u 'Dvq
dk ufNyD; ar;jyefw,f/
ocFg& tar;ESifh tajz
uwdyema,s ocFg&m/
ta,s t½Sirf "r®'Ed mé ? ocFg&m ocFg&wdYk onf? uwd ye-tb,frQ ½Sdygukefoenf;wJh/ tJ'D tar;udk
"r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'Dvdk ajzygw,f/
wa,mar tm0kaom 0domc ocFg&m? um,ocFga&m

0pDocFga&m pdwo
å cFga&m/
tm0kaom 0domc 'g,um 0domc? ocFg&m ocFg&wdYk onf? um,ocFga&m-um,ocFg&u wyg;?

0pDocFga&m-0pDocFg&u wyg;? pdwo
å cFga&m-pdwo
å cFg&u wyg;? £wd þodYk tm;jzif?h wa,m oH;k yg;wdYk ½SMd uyg
onfwJh/
ar;cGe;f rSm ocFg&awGu b,favmuf½o dS vJvYdk omrntm;jzifh ar;xm;w,f? bk&m;a[m w&m;awmf

awGxrJ mS (oaAÁocFg&m tedpmö ? oaAÁ ocFg&m 'kum© ) ocFg&csnf;bJvYdk 'Dvadk [mxm;wmvJ ½Sw d ,f? tJ'D rNrJwhJ
ocFg& qif;&JwhJ ocFg& qdw k mawGuawmh uHç pdwçf Owkç tm[m& paom qkid &f m qdik &f m taMumif;w&m;
rsm;aMumifh jzpfwmawGrYkd taMumif;w&m;awGu ûyvkyx f m;wJh ½kyef mrfw&m;awGvYdk qdv
k w kd mygbJ? tJ'gawG[m
umrb0-umrbHük twGi;f 0ifaom? odYk r[kwf ½lyb0-½lybHük twGi;f 0ifaom? odYk r[kwf t½lyb0-t½lybHkü
twGi;f 0ifaom ½kyef mrfw&m;awGygbJ? umrç ½lyç t½ly qdw k hJ bHo
k ;kH yg;xJu w&m;awGrYkd tJ'gawGukd awblru
w&m;awGvYkd vJ qd&k w,f? 0dyóem½ItyfwhJ ½kyef mrfw&m;awGygbJ/
aemufNyD;awmh t0dZmÆ aMumifh ocFg&awG jzpfMuw,fvYkd a[mxm;wJh y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;awmfrmS vJ umr
ukov
kd u
f H ½lyukov kd u
f aH wGukd yknmbdocFg&vdYk a[mxm;w,f? tukov kd u
f u
H kd tyknmbdocFg&vdYk a[mxm;
w,f? t½lyukov kd u
f kd tmaeOÆmbdocFg&vkYd a[mxm;w,f? aemufNyD;awmh ud, k jf zifûh yvkywf hJ um,uHapwemudk
um,ocFg&vdYk a[mxm;w,f? EIwjf zifh ajymqdw k hJ 0pDuH apwemudk 0pDocFg&vdYk a[mxm;w,f? pdwu f ;l BuHpnfwhJ
raemuH apwemudk pdwo å cFg&vdYk a[mxm;w,f? tJ'aD wmh b,focFg&rsdK;udk ar;wmygvdrrhf vJvYkd ,Hrk mS ;p&m½Sd
ygw,f? 'gayrJh "r®'Ed mé ax&Duawmh y#dord'Ç gywå &[EÅmr jzpfaevkYd eda&m"ormywf taMumif; ar;bdYk &m tJ'geJY
qdik w
f hJ ocFg&awGukd ar;aMumif; &dyrf o
d jzifh ocFg&qdwk m um,ocFg&ç 0pDocFg&ç pdwo å cFg& vdYk oH;k yg;½Sw
d ,fvYkd
ajzMum;ygw,f? tJ'aD wmh 0domcaoa|;BuD;u 'Dvkd qufNyD; ar;jyefygw,f/
uwarm yema,s um,ocFga&m? uwarm

0pDocFga&m? uwarm pdwo
å cFga&m/
ta,s t½Sirf "r®'Ed mé ? um,ocFga&m um,ocFg&onf? uwarm ye-tb,fygenf;? 0pDocFga&m

uwarm-0pDocFg&u tb,fygenf;? pdwo å cFga&m uwarm-pdwo
å cFg&u tb,fygenf;wJ/h tJ'gudk "r®'Ed mé
ax&Du 'Dvdk ajzMum;ygw,f/
tómoyómom tm0kaom 0domc um, ocFga&m?

0dwuú0pd m&m 0pDocFga&m? onm p a0'em p pdwo
å cFga&m/
tm0kaom 0domc-'g,um 0domc? tómoyómom-0ifouf xGuo f uf avwdYk onf? um,ocFga&m

um,ocFg& rnfygonf? 0dwuú0pd ma&m 0dwufEiS hf 0dpm&wdYk onf/ 0pDocFga&m-0pDocFg& rnfygonf? onm p
onmonf¤if;? a0'em p a0'emonf¤if;? pdwo
å cFga&m-pdwo å cFg&rnfygonfw/hJ
t0dZmÆ aMumifh jzpf&wJo h cFg&awGxrJ mS um,uH 0pDuH raemuHawGukd um,ocFg& 0pDocFg& pdwo å cFg&vkYd
a[mxm;wm½Sad Mumif; ckwifu ajycJw h ,f? ,ck ar;ajzwJh ocFg&oH;k yg;u tJ'D uHocFg&awGeYJ trnfwal yrJh t&
w&m;ud, k cf si;f rwlb;l uGjJ ym;w,f? 'gaMumifh tJ'D t&w&m;ud, k uf kd trSet
f wkid ;f ajzMum;apvdak omaMumifh um,
ocFg& qdw k mu bmvJponfjzifh ar;wmbJ? tJ'D tar;udk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du um,ocFg&qdw k m 0ifouf xGuo f uf
avbJ? 0pDocFg&qdw k m 0dwufEiS hf 0dpm&bJ? pdwo å cFg&qdw
k m onmeJY a0'emqdw k hJ apwoduw f &m;awGbv J Ydk
ajzMum;ygw,f? tJ'aD wmh um,ocFg& 0pDocFg& pdwo å cFg&vdYk ac:&jcif;\ taMumif;udk 0domc aoa|;BuD;u
'Dvkd ar;jyefygw,f/
uo®m yema,s tómoyómom um, ocFga&m?

uo®m 0dwuú0pd m&m 0pDocFga&m? uo®m onm p a0'em p
pdwo
å cFga&m/
ta,s-t½Sirf "r®'Ed mé ? tómoyómom-0ifouf xGuo f uf avwdYk onf? uo®m tb,faMumif?h um,

ocFga&m-um,ocFg& rnfygoenf;/ 0dwuú0pd m&m-0dwufEiS hf 0dpm&wkYd onf? uo®m-tb,fah Mumif?h 0pDocFg
a&m-0pDocFg&rnfygoenf;/ a0'em p-a0'emonf¤if;? onmp-onmonf¤if;? uo®m-tb,faMumif?h pdwo å cFg
a&m pdwo
å cFg&rnfygoenf;wJ?h tJ'tD ar;udk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'Dvkd ajzMum;ygw,f/
tómoyómom acg tm0kaom 0domc um,dum

{aw "r®m um,yÜ#Ad '¨g? wo®m tómoyómom
um,ocFga&m/ ykaAÁ acg tm0kaom 0domc 0dwauúwmG
0dpma&wGm ypäm0gpH bdEw
´ ?d wo®m 0dwuú0pd m&m 0pDocFga&m/
onm p a0'em p apwodum {aw "r®m pdwyå #dA'¨g? wo®m
onm p a0'em p pdwå ocFga&m/
tm0kaom 0domc-'g,um 0domc? tómoyómom-0ifouf xGuo f ufav [luek af om? {aw "r®m
þw&m;wdYk onf? um,dum-ud,
k x
f üJ jzpfuek \f / um,yÜ#Ad '¨g ud,
k Ef iS phf yfuek \
f / wo®m-xkad Mumif?h
tómoyómom-0ifoufxu G o
f uf avwkYd onf? um,ocFga&m um,ocFg& rnfygonf/
0ifouf xGuof ufqw kd hJ touf½aI v ½du I af v[m ESmacgif;paom uk,

d Ef iS hf pyfaew,f?f ud,
k jf zifh ûytyf
w,f? 'gaMumifh um,-uk,d jf zih+f ocFg&-ûytyfwmrkYd um,ocFg&vkYd ac:ygw,f/ 0ifouf xGuo f uf avudk
um,ocFg&ac:onfvYdk rSwx
f m;Mu&r,f/
tm0kaom 0domc-'g,um 0domc? ykaAÁ a½S;umvü? 0dwauåwmG -rnfoYkd ajymqkrd nf[k BuHpnfí?
0dpma&wGm oH;k oyfqifjcifí? ypäm-aemufumvü? 0gpHpum;ud?k bdEw
´ ad jymqd\
k ? wo®m-xkad Mumif?h 0dwuú0pd m&m-
0dwufEiS hf 0dpm&wkYd onf? 0pDocFga&m-0pDocFg&rnfygonf/
BuHpnfwmudk 0dwufvYdkac:w,f? xyfumxyfum oH;k oyfqifjcifwmudk 0dpm&vkYd ac:w,f? pum;ajymr,f

qk,
d if b,fvadk jymr,fvYkd BuHpnfNyD;rS oH;k oyfqifjcifNyD;rS ajym&wmbJ? tJ'v
D dk BuHpnfo;kH oyfNyD;awmh 0pD-qdw
k hJ
pum;udk ûywwf-ajymqdw k wfaomaMumifh 0pDocFg&vkYd ac:ygw,f/ 0dwufEiS hf 0dpm&ukd 0pDocFg&ac:onfvYkd
rSwxf m;Mu&r,f/
onm p-rSwo f m;rIonmonf¤if;? a0'em p-cHpm;rI a0'emonf¤if;? {aw "r®m-þw&m;wkYd onf?

apwodum-pdwüf rSí D jzpfuek \
f ? pdwyå #Ü Ad '¨g-pdwEf iS phf yfuek \
f ? wo®m-xkYd aMumif?h onm ponmonf¤if;? a0'em
p-a0'emonf¤if;? pdwo å cFga&m-pdwoå cFg&rnfygonfw/hJ
onmESihf a0'em[m pdwEf iS hf yl;wGNJ yD;jzpfwhJ apwoduw f &m;bJ? pdwEf iS , hf OS v

f suf pyfaewmbJ? tJ'aD wmh
pdwjf zifûh ytyfonfrnfwmaygh? tJ'v D dk pdwjf zifh ûytyfonfrnfaomaMumifh onmESihf a0'emudk pdwo å cFg&vkYd ac:yg
w,f? 'gaMumifh onmESiahf 0'emudk pdwo å cFg&vdYk rSwx f m;Mu&r,f? 0dwuf 0dpm&rSwyg;aom apwoduf [lorQ
[mvJ 'Dpw d o
å cFg&xJrmS yg0ifw,fvYdk ,l&rSmbJ/ ocFg&u©Em¨ ü twGi;f 0ifaom (0dwuf 0dpm&rS wyg;aom)
apwoduf 48-yg;udv k J pdwo
å cFg&vkYd rSw, f b l Ykd ygbJ? 'gaMumifh ocFg&,rdu k yf gVdrmS (onm p a0'em p pdwå
ocFga&m? XaywGm 0dwuú0pd ma& oaAÁyd pdwo å rÜ,w k uå m "r®m pdwo å cFga&mvkYd ) jyqdx k m;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'Dt&m
rSmawmh eda&m"ormywfEiS hf pyfNyD; ar;rSmjzpfwhJ twGuf tem*grf &[EÅmwkYd \ oEÅmefrmS jzpfEikd cf sKyfEikd w f hJ ukovkd f
Bud,mqkid &f m onma0'emESihf ocFg&u©Em¨ apwoduf 34-yg;udo k m ,loifyh gw,f? 'Djyóem ar;ajzMupOfu
tbd"r®ma'oem½Syd kH r&ao;ygbl;? odYk jzpfygvsuf tvGeef ufew J hJ 'DocFg&oH;k yg;taMumif; ajz½Si;f jywm[m
tifrwef cs;D rGr;f p&maumif;wmygbJ? ,ckaetcg yd#upmayusr;f *efwwf yk*K¾d vfxu J awmifrS pmayusr;f *ef
rMunfyh J 'Djyóem ajz&r,fq, kd if tvG,w f uleYJ ajzEdik rf nfyh *k K¾d vf[m tvGerf sm;vSr,f r[kwyf gbl;? t|uxm
rsm;rSmvJ oDvu©Em¨ ponfo;kH yg; 'DocFg&oH;k yg;ESiphf yfNyD; zGijhf ywJt h cgrsm;rSm 'DpVl a0'v’ow k u f ykd J ud;k um;NyD;
zGijhf yavh½ydS gw,f? 'gaMumifh 'D"r®'Ed mé ax&D\ tajz[m tifrwefav;euf cdik cf yhH gw,f? tJ'u D aemuf 0domc
aoa|;BuD;u eda&m"ormywftaMumif;udk 'Dvadk r;ygw,f/
eda&m"ormywf tar; tajz
uxH yema,s onma0',dweda&m"ormywdå a[mwd/
ta,s t½Sirf "r®'Ed mé ? uxH b,fykH b,fenf;jzif?h onma0',dw eda&m"ormywd-å onma0'em (paom
odr[I ol rQ) \ csKyfjcif;odUk a&mufjcif;onf? 0g-eda&m" ormywfonf? a[mwd jzpfygoenf;wJ/h 'DygVdteufu
0domcaoa|;BuD; ar;yHk rl&if;ygbJ? w&m;a[mpOfuawmh ygVdteufukd ½Gwjf yae,if tcsdeu f ek ½f rkH Qom ½Srd ,f?
w&m;emol 'um 'umrtrsm;u em;vnfrmS vJ r[kwb f ;l ? 'gaMumifh ygVdteufudk razmfjyyJ eda&m" ormywf
0ifpm;wJyh *k K¾d vf[m b,fvdk 0ifpm;ovJ? pdwpf woduq f w kd hJ todemrfawG csKyfjcif;odYk b,fvdk a&mufygovJvYdk
ar;aMumif;avmufom jyqdck yhJ gw,f? tJ'v D dk ar;wmuvJ "r®'Ed mé [m eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;bl;&JYvm;?
tvdt k wdik ;f NyD;ajrmufatmif Ekid ef if;&JYvm;vkYd odcsifvYdk ar;wmygwJ?h tJ't D ar;udk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'Dvadk jzMum;
ygw,f/
e acg tm0kaom 0domc onm a0',dw eda&m"H ormyZÆEó Å bduK© aem {0H
a[mwd ]]t[H onma0'd,weda&m"H ormyZdó Æ EdÅ 0g? t[H onma0',dweda&m"H
ormyZÆmrDwd 0g? t[H onma0',dweda&m"H ormyaEémwd 0g}}/ tx cGgó ykaAÁ0
wxm pdwåH bm0dwH a[mwd? ,H wH wxwåm, Oyaewd/
tm0kaom 0domc-'g,um 0domc? onma0',dw eda&m"H ormyZÆEó Å -eda&m" ormywfukd 0ifpm;aom?

bduK© aem &[ef;tm;? ('gu &[ef;udk y"meûyNyD; ajymwmbJ? bdue© D qdw k hJ trsKd ;orD; &[ef;rSmvJ enf;wlygbJ?
tem*grf vl0wfaMumifrmS vJ enf;wlygbJ/) {0H e a[mwd-þodYk aom pdwf rjzpfyg? (pdwrf jzpfyu kH awmh) t[H-
igonf? onma0',dw eda&m"H-eda&m"ormywfoYkd ? ormyZdó Æ EdÅ 0g a&mufawmhrnf[í l aomf¤if;? ormyZÆmrDwd
0g-a&mufaeonf [líaomf¤if;? ormyaEémwd 0ga&mufaeNyD [líaomf¤if; (þodYk aompdwf rjzpfygbl;wJ?h trSwf
onm r½Sw d ½Spd w
d u
f kd ae0onm emonm,wepdwf ac:w,f? tJ'pD w d cf sKyfomG ;wJt
h cg todemrfawG csKyfNcif;qdw k hJ
eda&m"odYk a&mufwmbJ? tJ'v D dk a&muf&mrSm trSwo f nm r½Sw d ½Sd pdwjf zpfaeqJü eda&m"a&mufawmhr,fvYdk 'Dvdk
pdwvf J rjzpfygbl;? tJ'pD w d cf sKyfwt hJ cg eda&m"odYk a&mufw,fvYdk 'Dvpdk w d v f J rjzpfygbl;? tJ'v D adk &mufaewJt
h cg
eda&m"odYk a&mufaeNyDvYdk 'Dvpdk w d v
f J rjzpfygbl;wJ?h 'gjzifh b,fvadk eygovJ qdak wmh) tx acg-pifppftm;jzifh
aomfum;? tó eda&m" ormywf 0ifpm;aom xk&d [ef;tm;? ykaAÁ0-r0ifpm;rD a½S;tzdYk uyifvQif? wxm-pdwf
apwoduf todemrf w&m;awGukd csKyfaprnfh xkt d jcif;t&mtm;jzif?h pdw-åH psmefpw d Ef iS hf ,if;psmefukd ½Iaom
0dyóempdwu f ?kd bm0dwH a[mwd-jzpfaptyfc\ hJ ? ,H wH-,if;odYk jzpfaptyfaom xkpd w d of nf? wxwåm,-xko d Ykd
&nf½, G o
f nft h wkid ;f jzpf&ef tvdYk imS ? Oyaewd-aqmifay;ygonfw/hJ
'DtajzygVdteufuvJ omrmefy*k K¾d vfawG odem;vnfbYkd rvG,yf gbl;? 'gaMumifh w&m;a[mpOfuawmh

'DygVdteufawGukd ½Gwrf jybJ em;vnfv,
G w
f hJ Armpum; oufoufjzifo
h m ajyma[mcJyh gw,f/ ajyma[myHu
k awmh-
'Dead &m"ormywf 0ifpm;yHu k kd ,ckaetcgrSm ud, k wf idk f awGYbYkd awmh rvG,yf gbl;? A[kow k jzpfNyD;
Ak'o¨ moemawmfukd Munfñb kd Ykd&m avmufygbJ? bmaMumifv h q J adk wmh 'Dead &m"ormywfukd tem*grfeYJ &[EÅm
rsm;om 0ifpm;Edkifygw,f? tJ'guvJ ½lypsmef t½lypsmef ormywf 8-yg;vH;k udv k J tuke&f wJh yk*K¾d vfom 0ifpm;Ekid f
ygw,f/ tJ'pD smef ormywf ½Spyf g;vH;k ESihf jynfph w kH hJ tem*grf yk*K¾d vf&[EÅmyk*K¾d vf[m eda&m"ormywf a&mufNyD;
edAmÁ eftNidr;f pm;"mwf\ t&omudk rsuaf rSmufrmS cHpm;vkv d Qif a½S;OD;pGm yXrpsmefukd 0ifpm;&w,f? psmef0ifpm;qkw d m
tJ'pD smef\ tm½Hu k kd ESv;kH oGi;f NyD; psmefpwd f jzpfaewmudk qdw k mygbJ? puúeYf yikd ;f eJYjzpfap? rdepfyikd ;f eJYjzpfap
&nf½, G cf suf ½So d nft
h wkid ;f tJ'pD smefjzpfNyD; csKyfaysmufomG ;wJt h cg tJ'pD smefpw d uf dk tedppö aom tjcif;t&mjzifh
0dyóem ½I&w,f? ,cka,m*DawGrmS jzpfay:vmwJh pdwu f ;l udk ½IrwS Nf yD; odwmrsdK;ygbJ/
tJ'vD kd ½INyD;awmh 'kw, d psmefukd 0ifpm;&w,f? tJ'pD smefpw d f qH;k oGm;wJth cg tJ''D w k ,
d psmefpw
d u f dk
0dyóem ½I&w,f? xkYd twlyif wwd,psmef 0ifpm;NyD; tJ'pD smefuv kd J ½I&w,f? pwkwp¬ smef0ifpm;NyD; tJ'pD smefuv kd J
½I&w,f? xkYd twlyif tmumomeOöm,wepsmef 0dnmPOöm,wepsmef tmudOn ö m,wepsmefwYkduv kd J 0ifpm;NyD;
0dyóem½I&w,f? tJ'g[m psmeform"deYJ 0dyóemudk tpHt k pHk yGg;apwmygbJ/ tJ'u D aemuf t"d|mefûyp&muav;
awGawmh ½Syd gao;w,f? tJ'guawmh ,ckw&m;emolawGtwGuf rvkyd gbl;? csefxm;vku d yf ghr,f? aemufq;kH rSm
ae0onmemonm,wepsmefukd 0ifpm;&w,f? tJ'D psmefpw d u f tdyaf ysmfcgeD;ü rodwod pdwrf sdK;vdyk if tvGef
tm;enf;wJh psmefpw d yf gbJ? tJ'pD smefpwd f wBudrf ESpBf udrrf Q jzpfNyD;,if bmpdwrf Q rjzpfawmhyJ jywfpcJ sKyfNidr;f
oGm;w,f? tJ'g[m eda&m"ormywf a&mufyykH gbJ/ tJ'eD ad &m"ormywf a&mufaewJh tcsdet f wGi;f rSm bmtm½Hu k rkd Q
rodb;l ? odwphJ wd f vH;k 0uif;aew,f? rD;ab; vufeufab;'Pfpaom tEÅ&m,fvJ roihb f ;l ? tcsed u
f mvuawmh
t"d|mefûy &nfreS ;f xm;wJt h wkid ;f rdepfyikd ;f rQ jzpfap? em&Dyikd ;f rQjzpfap? trsm;qH;k ckepf&uftxd &ufyikd ;f rQjzpfap
wnfw,f? tJ'D &nfreS ;f csuftcsdef ukeo f mG ;wJt h cg todpw d af wGjyefNyD; jzpfNrJjzpfvmw,f? tJ'gudk eda&m"ormywf
rS xvmw,fvYdk qd&k wmbJ? tJ'v D dk xvmyHu k v
kd J ar;vkYd ajzygvdrOhf ;D r,f/ 'gavmufq, kd if eda&m"ormywf
0ifpm;yHu
k kd tMurf;zsi;f tm;jzihf em;vnfavmufygNyD? 'Duaemufawmh ta&;rBuD;&mü ygVdavmufom jyNyD;
teufawmh jyefrjyawmhb;l ? odem;vnfv, G w f hJ pum;jzifoh m jyoGm;awmhr,f/
tJ'aD emuf 0domcaoa|;BuD;u 'Dvadk r;jyefw,f/
onma0',du eda&m"H ormyZÆEó Å yema,s

bdua© em uwar "r®m yXrH ed½Zk ÑEd?Å ,'d0g um,ocFga&m ,'d
0g 0pDocFga&m ,'d0g pdwåocFga&m/
eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;wJh yk*K¾d vfrmS a½S;OD;pGm um,ocFg&u csKyfovm;? odYk r[kwf 0pDocFg&ucsKyfovm;?
odYk r[kwf pdwo
å cFg&u csKyfovm;vkYd vufO;D csKyfwmudk ar;wmygbJ? tJ'gudk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'Dvdk ajzMum;ygw,f/
onma0',dw eda&m"H ormyZÆEó Å acg tm0kaom

0domc bdua© em yXrH ed½Zk Ñwd 0pDocFga&m? wawm
um,ocFga&m? wawm pdwo å cFga&m/
eda&m"ormywf0ifpm;wJh yk*K¾d vfrmS 'kw, d psmef0ifpm;wJh tcsed u f pNyD; 0dwuf 0dpm&qdw k hJ 0pDocFg&
uif;cJw
h ,f? pwkwp¬ smef0ifpm;wJt h cg 0ifoufxu G of ufavqdw k hJ um,ocFg&uif;cJw h ,f? ae0onmemonm
,wepsmef pdwcf sKyfwt hJ cgusawmh onma0'emqdw k hJ pdwoå cFg&csKyfw,f? tJ'gudk &nfNyD;awmh a½S;OD;pGm 0pDocFg&
csKyfw,f? tJ'aD emuf um,ocFg&csKyfw,f? tJ'u D aemif pdwo å cFg& csKyfw,fvYkd ajzMum;ygw,f? ('gayrJh 0pDocFg&
csKyfw,f qdw k muawmh psmefpw d f jzpfcu
dk u
f kd &nfNyD;qdw k mygbJ? tJ'pD smefpw
d af wGukd 0dyóem½Icu kd rf mS awmh 0dwuf
0dpm& csKyfz,
G rf ½Syd gbl;/) tJ'u
D aemuf 0domcaoa|;BuD;u eda&m" ormywfrS xyHu k kd 'Dvdk ar;ygw,f/
uxH yem a,s onma0',dweda&m" ormywd,

å m
0k|meH a[mwd/
tJ'g[m eda&m"ormywfrS b,fvkd xovJvYdk ar;wmygbJ? tJ't

D ar;udk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'Dvadk jzMum;
ygw,f/
e acg tm0kaom 0domc onma0',dw

eda&m"ormywd,
å m 0k|[EÅó bdua© em {0H a[mwd ]]t,H
onm a0',dw eda&m"ormywd, å m 0k|[dóEdÅ 0g? t[H
onm a0',dw eda&m"ormywd, å m 0k|m[mrDwd 0g? t[H
onm a0',dweda&m" ormywd, å m 0k|dawmwd 0g}}/ tx
cGgó ykaAÁ0 wxmpdwåH bm0dwH a[mwd? ,H wH wxwåm,
Oyaewd/
eda&m"ormywfrS xwJyh *k K¾d vfrmS eda&m"ormywfrS xawmhr,fvYdkvJ pdwrf jzpfb;l ? xw,fvYdkvJ pdwrf jzpf
bl;? xcJNh yD;vkYd vJ pdwrf jzpfb;l ? trSepf ifppfuawmh xkyd *k K¾d vfrmS a½S;tzdYk ormywf r0ifpm;rDuyifvQif rnfrQ
Mumaomtcg pdwjf zpfaprnfh xkt d jcif;t&mtm;jzifh t"d|mef pdwu f ;l udk jzpfapcJ\
h / ,if;odYk t"d|mefûytyfco hJ nfh
twdik ;f xkpd w
d o
f nf xko d Ykd &nf½,G of nfh twdik ;f jzpf&ef tvkYd imS aqmifay;ygonf? &nf½, G of nft h wkid ;f yif pdwjf zpf
ay:vmygonfvYdk ajzMum;ygw,f? olYygVd teuftwdik ;f qd, k if em;vnfbYkd rvG,yf gbl;? qdv k &dk if;uawmh t"d|mef
ûyxm;wJh tcsdeaf phwt hJ cg tem*grfy*k K¾d vfrmS tem*grdzv dk pf w
d u
f pNyD; jzpfay:vmw,f? &[EÅmyk*K¾d vfrmS t&[wå
zkv
d pf w
d u
f pNyD; jzpfay:vmw,f? tJ'u D aemufawmh qifjcifwhJ pdwpf onfawG jzpfay:vmw,f/ 'g[m eda&m"
ormywfrS xvmyHyk gbJ? tJ'u D aemuf 0domc aoa|;BuD;u ocFg&oH;k yg; jzpfpOfukd 'Dvadk r;ygw,f/
onm a0',dw eda&m"ormywd, å m 0k|[EÅó

yema,s bduK© aem uwar "r®m yXrH OyÜZEÆ ?Åd ,'d 0g
um,ocFga&m ,'d 0g 0pDocFga&m ,'d 0g pdwoå cFga&m/
eda&m"ormywfrS xwJt h cg b,focFg&u pNyD; jzpfygovJ? tJ'u D aemuf b,focFg& b,focFg&u

qufjzpfygovJvYdk ar;wmygbJ/ tJ'gudk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'Dvdk ajzMum;ygw,f/
onma0',dw eda&m" ormywd, å m 0k|[EÅó acg

tm0kaom 0domc bduK© aem yXrH OyÜZw
Æ d pdwoå cFga&m? wawm
um,ocFga&m? wawm 0pDocFga&m/
eda&m"ormywfrS xwJt h cg tem*grdzv dk pf w

d f odYk r[kwf t&[wåzv dk pf w
d u
f pNyD;jzpfw,f? tJ'pD w
d u
f
pwkwp¬ smefEiS hf ,SOw
f phJ w
d o
f m jzpfoihaf omaMumifh touf½aI vvJ jzpfciG rhf ½Sb d ;l ? 0dwuf 0dpm&vJ rygbl;? onm
a0'empaom apwodurf sm;uawmhygw,f? 'gaMumifh pdwo å cFg&u a½S;OD;pGmjzpfw,f? tJ'u D aemuf b0ifpw d f
jzpfcu
kd u
f pNyD; touf½aI v um,ocFg&vJ jzpfw,f? tJ'D b0ifpw d jf zpfcu
dk üf 0dwuf 0dpm& yg0ifayrJh ajymqdjk cif;
ukd rjzpf apwwfaomaMumifh 0pDocFg&udak wmh tJ't D cduk rf mS jzpfw,fvdk rqd&k ao;bl;? tJ'u D aemufrS 0pDocFg&vJ
jzpfw,fvYdk ajzMum;w,f? (b0ifpw d cf Pü 0pDocFg& jzpfw,fvYdk rqk&d ovkyd if eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;&ef

0dyóem ½Icu kd üf vJ ajymqdrk u
I dk rûyaomaMumifh 0pDocFg&csKyfw,fvYdk ajzqdak Mumif; ,l,if a½SUem;ydik ;f u tajzvJ
oihbf ,
G f ½Syd gw,f/) tJ'u D aemuf 0domcaoa|;BuD;u zó jzpfyu kH v
kd J 'Dvadk r;ygw,f/
onm a0',dweda&m" ormywd,

å m 0k|w
d H yem a,s
bduKH© uwd zóm zkoEd/Å
eda&m"ormywfrS xcgpü zó b,fEpS yf g; jzpfygovJvYkd ar;wmygbJ/ tJ'gudk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'Dvdk

ajzMum;ygw,f/
onma0',deweda&m"ormywd, å m 0k|w
d H acg
tm0kaom 0domc bduK©H wa,m zóm zkoEdÅ oknawm
zaóm tedrad wåm zaóm tyÜP[
d ad wm zaom/
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d vJ rnfw,f? 'gaMumifh tJ'o D rmywfxrJ mS yg0ifwhJ zó[m
vJ oknwç tedrw d çå tyÜP[ d wd rnfw,f? oknw tedrw d å tyÜP[ d w
d rnfaom edAmÁ efukd tm½Hûk yí jzpfaom
aMumifvh J oknw ponf rnfw,f? tJ'D oknwzóç tedrw d zå óç tyÜP[ d w
d zó oH;k yg;upNyD; jzpfw,fvYkd
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awGUxd&w,f? awmifw h jcif; uif;wJh tyÜP[ d w
d edAmÁ efukd tm½Hûk yNyD; awGUxd&w,fvYkd rSwo
f ½d ykH gbJ/ tJ'u D aemuf
pdwnf w
G uf ikd ;f yHu
k vkd J 'Dvadk r;ygw,f/
onma0',dw eda&m"ormywd, å m 0k|w

d ó yema,s
bduK© aem uðeEd éH pdwåH a[mwd uð aygPH uð yAÇm&H/
eda&m"ormywfrS xcgpü pdw[

f m b,fun
kd w
G u
f ikd ;f aeygovJvYdk ar;wmygbJ? tJ'gudk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du
'Dvdk ajzMum;ygw,f/
onma0',dw eda&m"ormywd,å m 0k|wd ó acg

tm0kaom 0domc bduK© aem 0da0uedEéH pdwåH a[mwd
0da0uaygPH 0da0uyAÇm&H/
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okock H 0w edAmÁ eH? or®morÁK'¨ a'odw/H taomuH

0d&ZH acrH? ,w¬ 'ku©H ed½Zk Ñwd/
,w¬ tMuif edAmÁ eft&yfü? 'ku©H qif;&J[o

l rQonf? ed½Zk Ñwd csKyfNidr;f vsuf½\
dS ? taomuH pd;k &drb
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at;csrf;oufom csrf;omygaypGwum; wJ/h
"r®'Ed mé ax&D[m 'Dead &m"ormywf tar;jyóemukd ajzpOfw;k efu &[ef;ûyNyD;vdYk odyMf umyHk r&ao;ygbl;?
wvavmufawmif MumyHrk &ao;ygbl;? 'gayrJh 0domcaoaX;BuD;u ar;orQukd ud, k af wGYjzifh ususee ajzMum;Ekid f
ygw,f? tJ'D eda&m"ormywf0ifpm;yHçk tJ'D ormywfü wnfaeyHçk tJ'o D rmywfrS xyHak wGukd ajz½Si;f jyxm;wmudk
awGU& Mum;od&aomtm;jzifh Ak'o ¨ moemawmfukd ,HMk unfrI Munfñrkd I o'¨gw&m;[m tvGeyf ifw;kd yGm;bG,f
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f if 'Dead &m"ormywf 0ifpm;Ekid o f nftxd ud, k wf ikd af wGU jzpfEidk w
f ,f?
ud, k w
f idk af wGY odxm;vkYd "r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'Dvdk ususee ajz½Si;f jyEkid w f mbJvYdk ESv;kH oGi;f NyD; Ak'o ¨ moemawmfü
,HMk unfrI Munfñrkd I o'¨gw&m;vJ jzpfp&m aumif;vSygayw,f? ,ck w&m;em;aeMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawGrmS vJ o'¨gw&m;
wd;k yGg;NyD; êud;pm; usifo h ;kH tm;xkwEf ikd Mf uygapvkYd bke;f BuD;u qkreG af umif; awmif;wvku d yf gw,f/
0domcaoa|;BuD;u tJ'D eda&m"ormywfqidk &f m ar;cGe;f tajzrsm;udk emMum; tm;& oabmusNyD;awmh

a0'em qdik &f mudk qufvufNyD; ar;jyefygw,f/
a0'em tar;tajz
uwd yema,s a0'em/
cHpm;rIa0'emu b,fEpS yf g; ½Syd govJw/hJ
wdaóm acg £rm tm0kaom 0domc a0'em okcg

a0'em 'kum© a0'em t'kur© okcg a0'em/
okca0'emç 'kua© 0'emç Oayu©ma0'emvdYk a0'em oH;k yg;½Sad Mumif; "r®'Ed mé ax&Du ajzMum;ygw,f/
uwrm yema,s okcg a0'em-ponfjzifh okca0'emu b,f[mvJ? 'kua© 0'emu b,f[mvJ? Oayu©m
a0'emu b,f[mvJvYdk 0domcaoa|;BuD;u ar;w,f/
,H acg tm0kaom 0domc um,duH 0g apwoduH 0g

okcH omwH a0',dw?H t,H okcg a0'em/ ,H acg tm0kaom
0domc um,duH 0g apwoduH 0g 'ku©H tomwH a0',dw?H
t,H 'kum© a0'em/ ,H acg tm0kaom 0domc um,duH 0g
apwoduH 0g apwoduH 0g ae0 omwH emomwH a0',dw?H
t,H t'kur© okcg a0'em/
ud,k xf u
J jzpfap? pdwx
f u
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f J
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ajzMum;ygw,f/
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aumif;eJY awGUxd&vkYd aumif;wmu ud, k cf srf;omqdw k hJ okca0'embJ? yltu kd af ewJt h cg avat; a&at;uav;
rsm;eJY awGUxd&,if aumif;w,f? tvGeaf t;wJt h cg taEG;uav;rsm;eJY awGYx&d ,if aumif;w,f? El;nHw h hJ t0wf
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ud, k cf srf;omac:wJh okca0'embJ? pdwx f rJ mS tm½Hak umif;awGukd pOf;pm;qifjcifNyD; 0rf;omwmu pdwcf srf;omac:wJh
okca0'embJ? pdwfnpfw,fç 0rf;enf;w,fç pdwyf w l ,fç pd;k &drwf ,f ponfjzifh ajym&wJh pdwq f if;&JawGu pdwx f rJ mS
jzpfwhJ 'kua© 0'emawGb?J tJ'v D dk pdwxf J ud, k x f rJ mS taumif;tqd;k rxif½mS ;bJ aeomxkid o f m½Hrk Q jzpfaewmu
tv,ftvwf cHpm;rIqw kd hJ Oayu©ma0'emawGb?J pdwx f J ud, k x
f rJ mS tJ'D Oayu©m a0'emu tjzpfrsm;ygw,f?
'gayrJh tJ'D Oayu©mu cHpm;&wJt h aeeJY odrrf xif½mS ;bl;? odraf rGYw,f? todcufw,f? 'gayrJh taumif;tqd;k
cHpm;rIawGukd pl;pdu k Nf yD; ½Irw S af e,if; aumif;wJt h ae qd;k wJt h aetm;jzifh rxif½mS ;wJt h cg tJ'D Oayu©ma0'em
jzpfaewmbJ? ½Irw S af ewJh pdwrf mS vJ trSwaf umif; todaumif; aewJth cg ½Tiv

f ef;wuf<uvsuf jzpfaew,f? txl;
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pdwcf srf;omrI okca0'embJ? O',AÁ,ÓPf t&ihyf ikd ;f ESihf b*FÓPf ocFg½kayu©mÓPfponfwYdk jzpfqrJ mS trsm;
tm;jzifh ½Irw
S w f ikd ;f ½Irw
S wf ikd ;f rqd;k raumif; tv,ftvwfcpH m;rI Oayu©ma0'emESiw
hf uG ½Iord I jzpfaewwfw,f?
'gavmufq, dk if a0'em oH;k yg;taMumif; aumif;aumif; em;vnfavmufygNyD/
okcg yema,s a0'em uð okcg uð 'kum© ? 'kum© a0'em

uð okcg uð 'kum© ? t'kur© okcg a0'em uð okcguð 'kum© /
okca0'emrSm b,fvcdk srf;om½So

d vJ? b,fvq dk if;&J½o
dS vJ? 'kua© 0'emrSm b,fvcdk srf;om½Sod vJ? b,fvdk
qif;&J½o
dS vJ? Oayu©ma0'emrSm b,fvckd srf;om½So
d vJ? b,fvq dk if;&J ½So
d vJvYdk 0domcaoa|;BuD;u ar;ygw,f/
okcg acg tm0kaom 0domc a0'em Xdwo d ck g

0dy&dPmr'kum© ? 'kum© a0'em Xdw'd u
k m© 0dy&dPmrokcg?
t'kur© okcg a0'em ÓPokcg tÓP'kum© /
tm0kaom 0domc 'g,um 0domc? okcg a0'em okca0'emonf? Xdwo d ck g-wnf½adS ejcif;vQif csrf;om
½Sd\? 0g wnf½adS ecdu
k üf csrf;omygonf/ 0dy&dPmr'kum© azmufjyefu,
G af ysmuf oGm;jcif;vQif qif;&J½\ dS ? 0g-
uG,af ysmufomG ;aomtcg qif;&Jygonf/
okc a0'em[m ol½adS ewke;f csrf;omw,f? olr½S, d if qif;&Jw,fw/hJ ud, k x

f u J tawGUaumif;eJY awGYxNd yD;
csr;f omaewJh ud, k cf sr;f omjzpfap? pdwx f rJ mS 0rf;omp&mudk taMumif;ûyNyD; ½Tivf ef;0rf;om&aewJh pdwcf sr;f omjzpfap
tJ'D csrf;omokc½Sad ewke;f csrf;omwm aumif;wmbJ? tm½Hak umif;awG r½Sv d Ydk tJ'uD ,kd cf srf;om pdwcf srf;omawG
uG,af ysmufomG ;NyD r½Sad wmhb;l qd, k if taetxkid cf ufNyD; qif;&JwwfwmbJ? Oyrmtm;jzifh cspfcif&if;ES;D wJh taygif;
tazmfeYJ twlae&,if csrf;omw,f? tJ'D twlaetazmfu wjcm;udk a&mufomG ;vdYk jzpfap? roifrh wifjh zpfNyD; uGjJ ym;
oGm;vdYk jzpfap? aooGm;vdYk jzpfap twlrae&awmhb;l qd, k if raewwf rxkid w f wf jzpfNyD; qif;&JwwfwmbJ? txl;
tm;jzifh tdraf xmifbuf ZeD;armifE[ SH m twlaeae&pOfrmS csr;f omaew,f? roifrh wifjh zpfNyD; uGo J mG ;vQif jzpfap?
aooGm;vQif jzpfap tifrwefqif;&Jwwfygw,f? xkYd twlyif ypön;f OpömawG jynfph akH e,if csr;f omw,f? ypön;f Opöm
awG ysufp;D qH;k ½H;I oGm;,ifawmh tBuD;tus,f qif;&J&awmhwmbJ/
tJ'grsKd ;awGvykd gbJ tjrifaumif; tMum;aumif;ponfukd jrifae& Mum;ae& eHae& pm;ae& xdawGYae&
êuHawGUae&vQif csrf;omaew,f? tJ'D tjrifaumif;ponfawG r½Sv d Ykd ud,
k pf w
d cf srf;omawG r½Sad wmhbJ jzpfomG ;,if
raewwf rxkid w f wfjzpfNyD; tvGet f rif; qif;&Jwwfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh okcqdw k hJ csrf;om[m Xdwo d ck olwnf½dS
aewke;f csr;f omw,f? 0dy&dPmr'ku-© ajymif;vJu, G af ysmufomG ;vkYd olr½S, d if qif;&Jw,fvYkd "r®'Ed mé ax&Du
ajzMum;wmygbJ? tJ'aD wmh ud, k pf w
d \f csrf;omrI qdwk mvJ pifppfcsrf;om r[kwb f ;l ? pifppftm;rud;k &bl;? olr½Sw
d hJ
aemufrmS olYukd awmifw h NyD; raeomrxkid o f m tBuD;tus,f qif;&Jyifyef;&wwfygw,f? tJ'gudk qdMk u&r,f/
okca0'em[m ol½adS ewke;f csrf;omonf? olr½Sad wmh

qif;&Jonf/
'kum© a0'em 'kua© 0'emonf? Xdw'd u k m© -wnf½adS ejcif;vQif qif;&J½\

dS ? 0g-wnf½adS ecdu
k üf qif;&Jygonf/
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ud, k xf rJ mS tawGYtxd qd;k awGeYJ awGY&vkYd anmif;jcif; yljcif; emusiu

f u
kd cf jJ cif; ,m;jcif;paom ud, k q f if;&J
eJY pdwyf jl cif; 0rf;enf;jcif; ylaqG;jcif; paom pdwq f if;&JawGuawmh olwYkdjzpfvsuw f nf½adS ecdu
k rf mS qif;&Jw,f?
olwYdk aysmufu, G o f mG ;wJt
h cgusawmh csrf;omw,fw/hJ 'guvJ xif½mS ;ygw,f? anmif;yl emusifuu kd cf aJ ewke;f
qif;&JwmbJ? tJ'gawGaysmufomG ;awmh csrf;omwmbJ/ tJ'gudv k J qdMk u&r,f/
'kua© 0'em[m ol½adS ewke;f qif;&Jonf? olr½Sad wmh csrf;omonf/

t'kur© okcg a0'em-rqif;&J rcsr;f om tv,ftvwf Oayu©ma0'emonf? ÓPokcg-odjcif;aMumifh

csr;f om\? 0g-odvQif csrf;omonf? tnmP'kum© -rodjcif;aMumifh qif;&J\? 0g-rodvQif qif;&Jonfw/hJ
'Dajzjycsuu
f dk ½Si;f jybdYk odyrf vG,b f ;l ? t|uxmrSm Oayu©ma0'emudk (Zmeebma0g) odonf\ tjzpf
odjcif;u csr;f omonf? (tZmeebma0g) rodjcif;u qif;&JonfvYdk zGijhf yxm;w,f? tJ'rD mS odjcif; rodjcif; qdw k m
ÓPfjzifh odjcif;-rodjcif;udk qdv k w kd mvm;? ½d;k ½k;d odjcif; rodjcif;udk qdv k w
dk mvm;qdw
k m wdwu d sus ajymbdYk
cufw,f/ #Dumü zGijhf yxm;wmuawmh ]]0dyóemÓPfjzifh odvQif O',AÁ,ÓPfponfjzpfNyD; csr;f omaMumif;?
rodvQif qif;&JaMumif; zGijhf yxm;w,f? wenf;tm;jzifh todÓPfEiS hf ,SOv f Qif todÓPfukd rSND yD;jzpfvQif Oayu©m
a0'emu csr;f omw,f vdck sib f ,G jf zpfw,f? ÓPfeYJ r,SOyf J arm[ESi, hf OS vf Qif arm[udk rSND yD; tukovkd f Oayu©m
jzpfvQif qif;&JaMumif;}} zGijhf yxm;ygw,f? tJ'guawmh omrefy*k K¾d vfrsm; odem;vnfbYkd cufygw,f/
bke;f BuD; xifjrifoabmuswmawmh ]]okca0'em[m wnf½adS ewke;f csrf;omw,f/ r½Sad wmh qif;&Jw,f?
'kua© 0'em[m wnf½adS ewke;f qif;&Jw,f? r½Sad wmh csrf;omw,f}}vdYk jyqdck suf[m omrefvrl sm;vJ tvG,w f ul
em;vnfovkyd if ]]'DOayu©ma0'em[m od,if csr;f omw,f? rod,if qif;&Jw,f}} qkw d mvJ trsm;odv, G wf hJ
jyqdck suyf v
J Ykd xifygw,f? b,fvv kd J qdak wmhum Oayu©ma0'em jzpfaeqJrmS aeomxkid o f m½Sad eyHu
k kd ESv;kH oGi;f rdvYdk
od,if csr;f omw,f? ESv;kH roGi;f rdvYdk rod,ifawmh rMumrDtwGi;f rSmyJ ud, k q
f if;&J pdwqf if;&JawGukd awGY&wwf
aomaMumifh qif;&Jaewwfw,fvYdk qdv k w
kd ,f? tJ'v
D odk m xifygw,f? tJ'guawmh vlwidk ;f em;vnfv, G yf gw,f?
#Dumu zGijhf yxm;wJt h wkid ;f 0dyóemÓPfjzifh od,if csr;f omw,f? rod,if qif;&Jw,f qdw k mvJ 0dyóem
r½Ib;l wJh olawGrmS odem;vnfbYkd cufygw,f? ÓPfeYJ ,SO, f ifç ÓPfukd rSND yD; jzpf,if csr;f omw,f? odYk r[kw, f if
qif;&Jw,f qdw k mvJ odbYkd cufygw,f/ tJ'aD wmh ]]Oayu©m a0'emjzpfcu kd üf aeomxkid o f m ½Sad ewmudk od,if
csrf;omw,f? rod,if qif;&Jw,f}}vdYk odv, G w
f mudo
k m rSwxf m;Mu½Hyk gbJ? tJ'gudk qdMk u&r,f/
Oayu©m a0'emjzpfcukd üf aeom xkid o

f m ½Sad ewmudk
od,if csr;f omw,f? rod,if qif;&Jw,f/
tJ'aD 0'em oH;k yg;taMumif; ajzMum;wmudk em;Mum;&NyD;awmh 0domcaoa|;BuD;u tJ'D a0'emoH;k yg;ü
udavom ude;f yHu
k kd 'Dvdk ar;ygw,f/
a0'emoHk;yg;ü udavomudef;yHktar; tajz
okcg, yema,s a0'em, uð tEkoa,m tEkaowd?

'kum© , a0'em, uð tEkoa,m tEkaowd? t'kur© okcg,
a0'em, uð tEkoa,m tEkaowd/
ta,s t½Sirf "r®'Ed mé ? okcg,a0'em,-okca0'emü? uð tEkoa,m tb,ftEko,udavomonf?

tEkaowd ude;f ygoenf;? 0g taMumif;nDnw G v
f Qif jzpf&ef tqifoihf ½Sad eygoenf;/ 'kum© , a0'em, 'ku©
a0'emü uð tEkoa,m tb,ftEko,udavomonf? tEkaowd ude;f ygoenf;? t'kur© okcg, a0'em,
Oayu©ma0'emü? uð tEkoa,m tb,ftEko, udavomonf? tEkaowd ude;f ygoenf;/
okca0'emü b,ftEko, ude;f ygovJ? 'kua© 0'emü b,ftEko,ude;f ygovJ? Oayu©ma0'emü

b,ftEko, ude;f ygovJvYdk ar;ygw,f? ude;f qdw k m taMumif;nDnw
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vJ avmuukd ausmv f eG af ewJh avmukw&å mbJ? edAmÁ efuvJ avmukw&å mbJ? 'Dvv kd J oabmwlaew,f? t&d,zkv d f
uvJ ukov kd rf [kwf tukov kd rf [kww f hJ tAsmuwbJ? edAmÁ efuvJ tAsmuwbJ? 'Dvdk tAsmuw w&m;tjzpfjzifv h J
oabmwlygw,fw/hJ t|uxmu jyqdx k m;wmygbJ? 'DtAsmuw tjzpfcsi;f wlw,f qdw k muawmh *kPrf ajrmuf
ygbl;? bmaMumifv h qJ akd wmh tAsmuww&m;xJrmS *kPrf ajrmufwhJ ½kyw f &m;awGvyJ gw,f? ,kwn f w hH hJ tukov kd \ f
tusdK; tnhtH zsif;awGvyJ gw,f? i&J wd&pämefNydwmå tok&um,f owå0gwkYd \ oEÅmefu ½kyaf wG 0dygufawGvJ
ygw,f? 'gaMumifh tAsmuwtjzpfcsi;f wlw,fqw kd muawmh *kPrf ajrmufygbl;/
t&d,zkv d Ef iS hf edAmÁ ef oabmuGv J yGJ b

kH ufu qifjcifMunf, h if oabmrwlwmawGvJ ½Syd gw,f? b,fvv kd J
qdak wmh t&d,zdv k f qdw k mu ûyjyiftyfwhJ ocFww&m;bJ? edAmÁ efuawmh rûyjyiftyfwhJ tocFww&m;bJ? aemufNyD;
awmh t&d,zdv k u f edAmÁ efukd tm½Hûk yNyD;jzpfwhJ om&r®Pw&m;bJ? edAmÁ efu tm½Hrk ûywwfwhJ tem&r®Pw&m;bJ?
aemufNyD;awmh t&d,zdv k q f w kd mu jzpfjcif; ysujf cif;½Sw d hJ tedpw ö &m;bJ? edAmÁ efu edpö "k0 w&m;bJ? aemufNyD;awmh
t&d,zkv d q f w
kd mu emrfcE¨mav;ygbJ? edAmÁ efu cE¨mrS tvGww f &m;bJ? aemufNyD;awmh t&d,zdvk qf w
kd mu t&d,
yk*K¾d vfwYdk \ oEÅmefrmS jzpfwhJ tZÑwu då w&m;bJ? edAmÁ efu yk*K¾d vfoEÅmefrS tvGwt f jyify A[d'w¨ &m;bJ? 'Dvpdk pd pf
Munf, h ifawmh t&d,zkv d Ef iS hf edAmÁ ef[m oabmrwlyJ uGjJ ym;aeygw,f/ 'gayrJh tjrifh tjrwfq;kH jzpfwhJ temo0
w&m; avmukw&å mw&m; 0#fqif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufa&; tqH;k owfw&m;tjzpfjzifh oabmwlaomaMumifh 0drw k Eåd iS hf
edAmÁ efukd y#dbm* yHw k t l jzpfjzifh jyqdw k ,fvYdk rSwo f m;MubdYk ygbJ/ uJaemufq;kH y#dbm* tar;tajzudk twdck sKyf
rSw&f atmif vku d q f Mkd u&r,f/
t&d,zkv
d -f 0drw
k Eåd iS w
hf w
l m b,fw&m;ygvJ/
t&d,zdv
k -f 0drw
k Eåd iS hf wlwm edAmÁ ef w&m;yifjzpfonf/
0drw
k Eåd iS w
hf al om edAmÁ efw&m;vkYd ajzMum;csuu
f dk emMum;&NyD;awmh 0domcaoa|;BuD;u 'Dvadk r;jyefygw,f/
edAmÁ eó yema,s uð y#dbma*g/
ta,s-t½Sirf "r®'Ed mé ? edAmÁ eó-edAmÁ ef\? y#dbma*g-wlaom tzk½d adS om yHw

k w
l &m;um;? uð ye
tb,fygenf;wJh/
edAmÁ efEiS hf wlww hJ &m;u b,f[mygvJvYdk ar;wmygbJ? tJ'aD wmh "r®'Ed mé ax&Du rar;oihw
f mudk ar;w,f
qdNk yD; 'Dvydk ,fcsvdu k yf gw,f/
tpö,mod tm0kaom 0domc yOH?S emoudy© OSmeH y&d,EHÅ

*a[wH?k edAmÁ aem*"H [d tm0kaom 0domc jA[®p&d,H
edAmÁ ey&m,eH edAmÁ ey&da,momeH/ tmucFrmaem p wGH
tm0kaom 0domc b*0EHÅ OyouFrw d mG {wrwH¬ ykapä,smod?
,xm p aw b*0g Asmua&mwd? wxm eH "ma&,smod/
tm0kaom 0domc 'g,um 0domc? wGH oifonf? yOS-H ar;oifah r;xku d af om ar;cGe;f jyóemuk?d tpö,mod
ausmv f eG o f mG ;NyD? yOSmeH-jyóemwdYk \? y&d,EH-Å tqH;k ud?k *a[wH-k ,ljcif;iSg? 0g-tqH;k owf&ef? emoud-©
rpGr;f Edik yf J ½Sad vNyDw/hJ ar;oifwh m avmufom rar;yJ rar;oifw h mudk ar;vdYk ar;oihw
f mudk ausmfveG of mG ;NyDvYkd
qdNk yD; y,fcsvu kd w
f mbJ? bmhaMumifh rar;oifyh govJvYdkqakd wmh-
[d-rar;oifjh cif;\ taMumif;uawmh? tm0kaom 0domc-'g,um 0domca&? jA[®p&d,-H r*¾if ½Spjf zm

bk&m;omoem [laom tusijhf rwfonf? edAmÁ aem*"H-edAmÁ efoYkd oufa&muf\? 0g-edAmÁ efvQif oufa&muf&m½S\ d ?
edAmÁ ey&m,eH edAmÁ efvQif vm;a&muf&m wnf&m ½S\ d / edAmÁ ey&da,omeH-edAÁmefvQif tNyD; tqHk;owf ½Sd\? wo®m-
xkod Ykd edAmÁ efvQif oufa&muf&m wnf&mtqH;k owf ½Sad omaMumifh edAmÁ efEiS hf oabmwlw&m;udk rar;oifjh cif; jzpfyg
onfw/hJ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ oDv orm"d ynmqkw d hJ r*¾½pS jf zm tqH;k tr omoem[m edAmÁ efrmS tqH;k owfwmyJ?
edAmÁ ef[m vrf;qH;k yJ? tjrift
h jrwfq;kH yJ? 'gaMumifh edAmÁ efEiS w
hf w
l hJ w&m;vJ r½Sb
d ;l ? edAmÁ efxuf jrifjrwfwhJ w&m;
r½Sad Mumif;udak wmh txl;ajymp&m rvdak wmhygbl;? 'gaMumifh edAmÁ efEiS hf oabmwlww hJ &m;udk rar;oifyh eJ YJ ar;w,f
vdYk qdv k wkd mygbJ/
tm0kaom 0domc-'g,um 0domca&? p-qufNyD; nTeMf um;ygOD;r,f? wG-H toif aoa|;BuD;onf?

tmucFrmaem-,ck ajzMum;yHu
k kd tm;r&ao;í ar;vkyd gao;vQif? b*0EHÅ OyouFrw
d mG -jrwfpmG bk&m;udck sOf;uyfí?
{wH twH¬-,ckar;cJah om teuftaMumif;t&mud?k ykapä,smod-ar;ygavawmh/ ponfjh yifv?J aw toif

aoa|;BuD;tm;? b*0g-jrwfpmG bk&m;½Siu f ? ,xmAsmua&mwd? wxm-ajzMum;awmfro l nft
h wdik ;f ? eH-xkad r;tyf
aom teuftaMumif;t&mud?k "ma&,smod rSw, f yl gavawmhw?hJ ,ck ajzMum;wmudk tm;r&ao;vkYd ½, dS if jrwfpmG
bk&m;xH oGm;NyD; ar;avQmufyg? jrwfpmG bk&m;u ajzMum;vku d o
f nfh twkid ;f yif rSw,
f yl gavawmhvYdk "r®'Ed mé ax&Du
ed*;kH csKyfpum;udk ajymMum;vdu
k yf gw,f/
'Dokwf\ trnfqkdif&mjyqdkcsuf
'Dow
k rf mS ouúm,tajzponfukd emMum;&NyD; odvadk omteufukd od&í oabmusojzifh 0drw k \åd yHw k l
w&m;u bmvJqw kd hJ ar;cGe;f txd ar;oifw
h mukd wckNyD;wck tqifqifh ar;vmcJw h ,f? tJ'v D dk tqifq h ifah r;í
tqifqh ifh ajzMum;wJh pum;&yfukd a0'v’vYdk ac:w,f? t½Sirf [m aum|durax&fu ar;vkYd t½Sio f m&dyw k &å m
rax&fu ajzMum;xm;wJh w&m;pum;awGuv dk J a0'v’ow k vf Ydk trnfay;xm;w,f? tJ'o D wk u f 'Dp|l a0'v’
okwxf uf BuD;us,fvYdk r[ma0'v’ow k f trnfay;NyD; 'Dowk uf tJ'o D w
k af tmufi,fvYdk plVa0'v’vYdk trnfay;
xm;wmygbJ? trnfay;yHu k awmh a0'H todÓPfu?kd wk|ð ESpo f rd t
hf m;&oabmusjcif;ud?k edów d -H rSí
D jzpfonf?
£wd-þtaMumif;aMumif?h a0'vH-’ a0'v’ rnfygonfw?hJ plVa0'v’qakd wmh a0'v’ow k if ,fvYdk qd&k rSmaygh?
'gygbJ/
bk&m;xHü avQmufxm;yHk
"r®'Ed mé ax&Du edAmÁ efukd ausmv f eG Nf yD; rar;oifw

h mar;w,fvYdk tjypfwif&mrSm 0domcaoa|;BuD;u rod
em;rvnfvYkd ar;wmawmh [kwyf rkH &ygbl;? oluvJ tem*grfqakd wmh edAmÁ eftjrwfq;kH jzpfaMumif; odem;vnfaerSmyg
bJ? 'gayrJh 'Dvdk ausmfveG Nf yD; ar;wmuawmh ÓPfprf;wJt h aejzihf ar;wmeJY wlygw,f? "r®'Ed mé ax&Du 'g,um
aoa|;BuD;[m ausmv f eG Nf yD;ar;w,f rar;oifw h m ar;w,fvYdk jyefMum;vku d af wmh oluvJ tJ'jD yefMum;csuu
f dk
vufcyH gw,f? aemufNyD;awmh bk&m;xHomG ;ar;bdYk nTeMf um;vku d w
f thJ wdik ;f bk&m;xH oGm;NyD;awmh avQmufxm;
ygw,f/ tJ't D aMumif;t&mawGukd o*Fg,emwifpOfu 'Dvdk azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
tx acg-xkt d cgü? 0domacg Oygoaum-0domc rnfaom Oygoumonf? "r®'Ed mé , bduK© ed,m

bmodwH "r®'Ed mé ax&Du ajzMum;ajymjytyfaom pum;ud?k tbdeEdw ´ mG -ESpo
f ufoabmusNyD;í? tEkarm'dwmG -
0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om om"ktEkarm'emûyNyD;í? O|m,moem xkid af e&mrS xNyD;vQi?f "r®'Ed éH bduK© eð trsKd ;orD;&[ef;
"r®'Ed mé ud?k tbd0g a'wGm-½dak opGm½Scd ;kd NyD;í? y'udP
© H uwGm-tav;tjrwfûyNyD;í? a,e b*0g? awEkyouFrd
jrwfpmG bk&m; ½Sad wmfr&l modYk csO;f uyfomG ;avonf? OyouFrw d mG csO;f uyfomG ;a&mufNyD;í? b*0EHÅ jrwfpmG bk&m;ud?k
tbd0ga'wGm-½kad opGm½Scd ;dk NyD;vQif? {urEHÅ edo'D -d oifah vsmaf om wae&mü xkid af eavonf/ {urEHÅ edoad Eém acg-
oifah vsmaf om wae&mü xkid af eNyD;vQif 0domacg Oygoaum 0domcrnfaom Oygoumonf/ ,m0waum
ta[mod "r®'Ed mé , bduK© ed,m o'ð¨ uxmov’mayg? wH oAHt Á rsdK;orD;&[ef; "r®'Ed mé ax&DEiS hf twlajymqdck hJ
ar;ajzcJah om xkw d &m;pum; tm;vH;k ud?k b*0awm jrwfpmG bk&m;tm;? tma&mapod-avQmufxm;avNyDw/hJ
twkcd sKyf odapvdw k muawmh-0domcaoa|;BuD;[m "r®'Ed mé ax&D ajzMum;ajymjywJh pum;rsm;udk ESpo f uf

vufcNH yD; om"kac:w,f? om"kac:NyD;awmh "r®'Ed mé udk ½kad opGm½Scd ;kd NyD; jrwfpmG bk&m;xHoYkd vmcJw h ,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;udk
½kad opGm½Scd ;kd NyD;awmh reD;ra0;oifah vsmfwhJ ae&mrSm xkid af eNyD; bk&m;wynfah wmfu "r®'Ed mé udk 'Dv'dk v
D dk ar;cJyh gw,f?
olu 'Dv'dk v D dk ajzMum;vkud yf gw,fvYdk ar;yHak jzyHak wG tm;vH;k wifNy avQmufxm;ygw,fvYkd odapvkw d mygbJ?
tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;½Siu f 'Dvdk rdeYf Mum;awmfryl gw,f/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ csD;usL; rdefYMum;awmfrlyHk
y@dwm 0domc "r®'Ed mé bduK© eD? r[mynm 0domc

"r®'Ed mé bduK© eD? rH apyd wGH 0domc {aw rwH¬ ykapä,smod?
t[rdÜ wH {0Har0H Asmua&,s?H ,xm wH "r®'Ed mé , bduK© ed,m
AsmuwH? {aom apa0wó taw¬m? {0Oö eH "ma&[Dw/d
0domc-'um 0domc? "r®'Ed mé bduK© eD-trsdK;orD;&[ef; "r®'Ed mé onf? y@dwm ynm½Sd jzpfayonf? .....
r[mynm BuD;us,o f nfyh nmESihf jynfph okH l jzpfayonf/ 0domc 'um 0domc? wG-H oifonf? {wH twH¬-ouúm,
paom þteufoabmuk?d rHy-d igbk&m;udk aomfv?J ap ykapä,smod-tu,fí ar;jim;tH?h t[rd-Ü igbk&m;uvJ?
wH-oifuh ?kd {0 ar0H ("r®'Ed mé ajzonft h wkid ;f ) þtwlyifvQif? Asmua&,sH-ajzMum;&mygonf? 0g-ajzMum;
&rnfomjzpfygonf/ (b,fvv dk J qdak wmh) "r®'Ed mé , bduK© ed,m trsKd ;orD;&[ef; "r®'Ed mé onf? AsmuwH ,xm
ajzMum;tyfouJo h Ykdyifwnf;? 0g-ajzMum;tyfovdyk if ajzMum;&rnfom jzpfygonf/ (igbk&m;uvJ 'Dtwkid ;f
ajz&rSmbJvYkd rdeYf Mum;NyD; twnfûycsujf zifh "r®'Ed mé \ tajztm;vH;k [m bk&m;a[myif rnfaMumif; t|uxmrSm
jyqkx
d m;ygw,f? b,fvv dk J qdak wmh-rif;csi;f rª;rwfrsm;\ pD&ifcsuf pm½Gupf mwrf;rsm;[m rif;u vufrw S x
f ;kd
twnfûyvdu k ,
f if rif;\pD&ifcsuf jzpfomG ;ovdyk gbJw/hJ 'gaMumifh 'Dow k x
f u
J pum;&yfrsm;ukd t|uxm
q&mrsm;uvJ bk&m;pum;vkyd if tckid t f rm om"utjzpfjzifh xkwjf yoGm;MuwmygwJ/h )
{aom {0-þ"r®'Ed mé \ tajzonfyifvQif? {wó toif0o d mcar;aom þjyóemtaygif;\? taw¬m

p rSeu
f efonfh teufvJ jzpfygonf? (p-o'´gudk orkpn
ö ;f teuftjzpfjzifh jyefonf) eH xkad jzMum;onft
h eufu?kd
{0H {0-þodYk omvQif? ({0-vkud í
f ,SOaf ponf) "ma&[d p rSwv f J rSwyf gav? £wd-þodYk rdeYf Mum;awmf
rlygonf/
"r®'dEémax&D {w'*FbGJYxl;&yHk
aemufumv wcsed u f sawmh 'DpVl a0'v’ow

k üf ajzMum;yHu k ykd if taMumif;ûyNyD;awmh jrwfpmG bk&m;½Siu
f
"r®'Ed mé ax&Dukd y&dowfav;yg;rsufarSmufü {w'*fbYJG x;l jzifh 'Dvdk csD;usL;awmfryl gw,f/
{wm'*H¾ bdua© 0 rr om0dumeH bdue© eD H "r®uxdumeH?

,'d'H "r®'Ed mé /
bdua© 0-&[ef;wkYd ? ,'d', H m t,H "r®'Ed mé -tMuif "r®'Ed mé onf? twd-¬ ½Sd\? {wH {om þ"r®'Ed mé onf?
rr om0dumeH igbk&m;\ wynfrh jzpfuek af om? "r®uxdumeH bduK© eDeH "r®uxdu bdue© w D YdkwiG ?f 0g-w&m;a[m
yk*K¾d vftrsdK;orD; &[ef;wkYd wiG ?f t*H-¾ t*¾g-tjrwfq;kH jzpfygayonfw/hJ
trdsK;orD;&[ef; "r®uxduxJrmS "r®'Ed mé udk w&m;a[m taumif;tjrwfq;kH jzpfw,fvYdk jrwfpmG bk&m;½Sif

u csD;usL;NyD; {w'*fbYJG x;l ukd ay;awmfrw l mygbJ/ tJ'D {w'*fbUJG xl; *kPx f ;l ukd &jcif;\ taMumif;uawmh
vGecf w hJ hJ urÇmwode;f xufu y'krw k &å bk&m;vufxufawmfrmS [Hom0wDûrdUü "r®'Ed mé ax&D\ tavmif;vsm[m
olwyg;\ tapcH omreftrsKd ;orD; jzpfcw hJ ,f? rdr\d qHyifrsm;udk a&mif;NyD; &wJah iGjzifh 0,f,í l t*¾om0u
jzpfawmfral om okZmwrax&fjrwftm; vSL'gef;NyD; "r®uxdu {w'*f*P k xf ;l qkukd awmif;cJw h ,f? tJ'bD 0u
touftwkid ;f aeí aowJt h cg ewfjynfavmuü jzpfcw hJ ,f? tJ'u D aemufvJ urÇmwode;f eD;yg; umvywfv;kH
vlYjynf ewfjynfrsm;rSmcsn;f jzpfvsuf usiv f nfvmcJ&h w,f/ vGecf ahJ om 92-urÇmxufu zkójrwfpmG bk&m;
vufxufrmS bk&m;trª;½Sad om oHCmawmftm; 0gwGi;f oH;k vywfv;kH qGr;f uyfvLS 'gef;MuwJh rif;om;t&m½SBd uD;
oH;k OD;u qGr;f uyfvLS a&;twGuf wm0efay;xm;aom b@mpd;k rif;BuD;\ ZeD;jzpfcw hJ ,f? tJ'w D ek ;f uvJ o'¨gw&m;
tvGeaf umif;ojzifh wckvLS ygvkYd qd&k mrSm 2-ck vSLonftxd ukov kd yf mG ;apcJw
h ,f/
tJ'uD aemufvJ 92-urÇmywfv;kH vlYjynf ewfjynfrsm;rSmcsn;f jzpfvmcJw

h ,f? þurÇmü wwd,tBudrf
yGiahf wmfral om uóyjrwfpmG bk&m;\ vufxufawmfü umodwidk ;f jynf½iS f udurD nfaom bk&ifrif;BuD;\
orD;awmf (7) a,mufxJrSm 6-a,mufajrmuf ok"r®mqdw k hJ orD;awmfjzpfcwhJ ,f? tJ'D orD;awmf (7)a,mufv;kH [m
bk&m;omoemawmfukd tvGeMf unfñNkd yD; &[ef; ûyvkMd uaomaMumifh crnf;awmf udurD if;BuD;xH &[ef;ûybdYk
cGiahf wmif;Muw,f? rif;BuD;u cGirhf ûyvdYk tJ'b D 0wke;f u tJ'o

D rD;awmf (7) a,mufv;kH vl0wfeYJ yJ w&m;awmfukd
usio hf ;kH cJMh u&w,f? tESpEf pS af omif; toufwrf;umvywfv;kH tdraf xmifrûyMuyJ jA[®p&d, tusifu h kd usifch MhJ u
w,f/ tJ'w D ek ;f u yXrorD;awmf orPD qdw k mu ,cka*gwr bk&m;vufxufrmS yXrt*¾om0dum qdw k hJ
acrmax&D jzpfvmw,f? orP*kwmå qdw k hJ 'kw,
d orD;awmfuawmh ,ckb&k m;vufxufrmS OyÜv0PÖmqdw k hJ
'kw, d t*¾om0dum jzpfvmw,f? bduK© eDqw kd hJ wwd,orD;awmfuawmh ,ckb&k m;vufxufrmS y#mpm&m qdw k hJ
0denf;aqmif {w'*f&ax&D jzpfvmw,f? bduK© 'g,dum qkw d hJ pwkwo ¬ rD;awmf uawmh ,ckb&k m; vufxufrmS
uk@vauoDqw kd hJ cdygÜ bdnm {w'*f&ax&D jzpfvmw,f/ "r®mqdw k hJ yOörorD;awmfuawmh ,ckb&k m;vufxufrmS
udoma*grwD qdw k hJ ouFe;f acgif;yg;&m {w'*f&ax&Djzpfvmw,f? oHC'g,dumqdw k hJ owårorD;awmfuawmh
,ckb&k m;vufxufrmS ykAmÁ ½Hk ausmif;trBuD; 0domcg jzpfvmw,f/
ajcmufa,mufajrmuf ok"r®m qdw k hJ orD;awmfuvJ tJ'w D ek ;f u jA[®p&d,tusiu hf kd toufwrf;jynfh tESpf

ESpaf omif; umvywfv;kH usichf NhJ yD;awmh ,ckb&k m;vufxufteD;txd vlYjynf ewfjynfrmS csnf; usifvnf
vmcJw h ,f? ,ck bk&m;ryGirhf u
D yif &mZû*d[ûf rdUü aoa|;orD;jzpfNyD; t½G,af &mufwt hJ cg 0domcqdwk ahJ oa|;om;ESihf
vufxufNyD; aoa|;uawmf tjzpfjzifh aexdik v f m&if; a½SUem;u ajymjychw J t
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(26. 10. 78)

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