Chapter FOUR PDF

CHAPTER 4
ACTIVE FIRE
PRECAUTION
01 OBJECTIVE OF ACTIVE SYSTEM
02 DETECTION AND WARNING
SYSTEM
TABLE OF 03 EMERGENCY LIGHTING
CONTENT 04 PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
05 EXTERNAL HYDRANT SYSTEM
06 WET RISER AND DRY RISER
SYSTEM
TABLE OF 07 DOWN-COMER SYSTEM
CONTENT 08 HOSE-REEL SYSTEM
09 AUTOMATIC INERT GAS
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
SECTION 1
OBJECTIVE OF ACTIVE
SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE OF THE ACTIVE SYSTEM
Active fire protection is an integral part of any fire safety
strategy, characterised by items and/or systems
requiring a certain degree of motion and response in
order to work.
An active fire protection system works to detect,
control, suppress, and extinguish fire. It requires an
action to trigger it’s involvement, either manual,
electrical or mechanical.
The benefits of using active fire protection system are
permitting design freedoms and encourage innovative,
inclusive and sustainable architecture
MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 5
The overall aim of active systems is to extinguish the
fire by:
⊳Detecting the fire early and evacuating the building
⊳Alerting emergency services at an early stage of the fire
⊳Control the movement of smoke and fire
⊳Suppress and/or starve the fire of oxygen and fuel
Fire can be controlled or extinguished either
automatically or manually.
⊳Automatically is with the used of water sprinkler system
⊳Manually is by using fire extinguisher.

Installation of active
system inside the building
can be divided into three
groups
⊳Fire Alarm
⊳Portable
⊳Fixed

Fire Alarm System
⊳Smoke detector
⊳Heat detector
⊳Bell

Portable System
⊳Dry powder
⊳CO2
⊳Foam

Fixed System
⊳Hose reel
⊳Hydrant
⊳Sprinkler
⊳Dry riser
⊳Wet riser
⊳Down comer
⊳CO2 & Clean Agent Fire
Suppression System
⊳Smoke Spill

UBBL
SECTION IN UBBL RELEVANT TO ACTIVE FIRE
PROTECTION SYSTEM
⊳PART VIII – Fire alarms, fire detection, fire extinguishment and
fire fighting access (bylaw clauses 225 to 253).
Examples :-
BYLAW 227 – PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS
BYLAW 230 – DRY RISING SYSTEMS
BYLAW 231 – WET RISING SYSTEMS
BYLAW 237 – FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
BYLAW 243 – FIRE LIFT SYSTEMS
⊳Third Schedule – Ventilation System (BY-LAW 41)
⊳Tenth Schedule – Table Of Requirements For Fire
Extinguishment, Alarm Systems, And Emergency Lighting
UBBL 10th SCHEDULE
Schedule 10 was UBBL
Specifically referred to
requirement for fire
extinguishment system
REF. CLAUSE
BUILDING TYPE
TYPE OF SYSTEM
What it mean by
this Code?
UBBL 10th SCHEDULE

UBBL 10th SCHEDULE

UBBL 10th SCHEDULE

SECTION 2
DETECTION AND WARNING
SYSTEM
IONIZATION SMOKE DETECTORS
No Smoke
IONIZATION SMOKE DETECTORS
With Smoke
OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTORS
Optical Obscuration
Light Sensitive Light Emitting
Diode Diode
Curved
Mirror
No Smoke With Smoke

Optical Scatter
Light Sensitive Light Emitting
Diode Diode
No Smoke With Smoke

Light Emitting Diode
120 Light Sensitive
Diode
60
Backward Scatter Forward Scatter
Light Sensitive Diode

OPTICAL Vs. IONIZATION DETECTORS
OPTICAL DETECTORS IONIZATION DETECTORS
 Detects large particles  Detects small particles
 Reacts to slower burning fires  Reacts to fast free burning fires
best best
 Detects smoldering fires  Detects early combustion
 Provides detection to modern products
materials burning  Older cold smoke is not
 More difficult to manufacture detected easily
 No special disposal required  Easier to manufacture
 Environmentally unfriendly
BEAM DETECTORS
Obscuration Ceiling
Transmitter
Receiver
Signals to Fire Alarm
Control Unit Power

Supply

HEAT DETECTORS
Thermistor Thermistor
Fixed Temperature Rate of Rise

FLAME DETECTORS
Infra-red & ultraviolet emissions

modulated at typically 1-7Hz
Sapphire
lens

LINEAR HEAT DETECTORS
Control Unit
End line
Signal to
Fire Alarm
Power
Supply
ASPIRATING DETECTORS
Sampling holes
Exhaust
Detection Unit

CONVENTIONAL FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
Detection Circuits Sounder Circuits
FIRE FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
Panel

CONVENTIONAL FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
Zone Circuits With Short Circuit Monitoring
I
End of
V line
At the control panel
Upper Voltage
Reference > 7.8V
Condition
Output Zone Input Z+
Outputs
Lower Voltage
Reference < 3.9V
ADDRESSABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
Detection Circuits Sounder Circuits
FIRE FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
Panel

ADDRESSABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
WHAT IS ADDRESSABILITY? Ali Hallo Bossku
Nothing much
S
Hallo Ali
What’s happening?
Abu Hallo Bossku

Hallo Abu Nothing much
What’s happening? S
Hallo Bakar
What’s happening?
Bakar Bossku It’s getting
HOT in here!
H

HARD ADDRESSING
Hard addressing uses a hardware device to set an
address for each individual item of equipment.
A variety of methods have been used including dip
switches, plug in modules and wafers.
DIP Switch
1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
SOFT ADDRESSING
Soft addressing is a technique where by addresses are
set automatically by the control equipment.
This method uses more sophisticated address
technology and requires additional components in each
device. Isolator
Address
Memory
Communication
interface
Loop
HARD ADDRESSING Vs. SOFT ADDRESSING
HARD ADDRESSING SOFT ADDRESSING
 Low tech inexpensive  High tech requires additional
 Danger of address duplication components
 Easy to add addresses  No duplication of addresses
 No additional benefit  Addition of addresses may result in
 Time required to set addresses address changes unless non volatile
 Possible commissioning problems memory used
from duplication of addresses  Possible additional benefit of individual
device isolation
 Time saving addressing method
 Possible commissioning problems from
address component failure
ANALOGUE FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
Detection Circuits Sounder Circuits  Analogue detection utilizes
sensors not detectors
FIRE FIRE
 Fire recognition is done at the
control panel
 Fire decisions are based upon
pre-determined thresholds and
fire pattern algorithms
FIRE
FIRE  More rapid and accurate fire

detection is possible
 Compensation for contamination
Panel can be applied
 False alarms can be reduced
ALARM DEVICES
Bells
Electronic Sounders
Voice Message Systems
Visual Alarm Devices
Specialist Alarms

VISUAL ALARM DEVICES (VADs)
EN 54-23 fully implemented Dec 2013
Specifies the requirements, test methods and performance
criteria for VADs.
VADs now classified into three categories based on their
intended application:
⊳ ceiling mounted,
⊳ wall mounted and
⊳ open class
Area of coverage determined by testing is based on the
distance at which 0.4 lumens/m2 on a surface perpendicular
to the direction of the light emitted from the VAD.
VISUAL ALARM DEVICES (VADs)

ALARM CIRCUITS
Most systems currently available utilize conventional
type sounder circuits.
However, sounders which are connected to the same
loop wiring as detectors are becoming more
common.

BELL CIRCUITS
End of
V
line
Circuit Monitoring

IMPLICATIONS OF SOUNDERS ON
DETECTION CIRCUITS
Less installation required since reduced cabling.
Sounders may be addressable allowing greater
flexibility of alarm configuration.
Reduction in monitoring circuitry since the cables are
monitored as part of the detection system.
Sounders require more complex electronics and are
therefore more expensive.

IMPLICATIONS OF SOUNDERS ON
DETECTION CIRCUITS
Sounders require more complex electronics and are
therefore more expensive.
Greater loop circuit integrity is required to ensure that a
single cable fault does not prevent alarm.
Robust design required to ensure detection and alarm
functions operate independently.

SECTION 3
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
To indicate clearly and unambiguously the escape
routes
To provide illumination along such routes to allow safe
movements towards and through the exits provided
To ensure that fire alarm call points and fire fighting
equipment provided along escape routes can be readily
located and used
To permit operations concerned with safety measures

EMERGENCY LIGHTING
To indicate clearly and unambiguously the escape
routes
To provide illumination along such routes to allow safe
movements towards and through the exits provided
To ensure that fire alarm call points and fire fighting
equipment provided along escape routes can be readily
located and used
To permit operations concerned with safety measures

DEFINITIONS
Duration
⊳The time that a luminaire can continuously provide the
minimum illuminance required.
Emergency Exit
⊳An exit intended to be used only during an emergency.
Emergency Lighting
⊳Lighting provided for use when the normal lighting supply fails.
Emergency Lighting System
⊳The complete emergency lighting installation.

DEFINITIONS
Escape Lighting
⊳That part of the emergency lighting installation that is
intended to ensure that the escape route is illuminated at all
material times.
Escape Route
⊳The route which forms part of the means of escape from any
point in the building, to a final exit.

DEFINITIONS
Luminaire
⊳Apparatus which distributes, filters and transforms the light
given by a lamp or lamps, and which includes all the items
necessary for fixing and protecting these lamps and for
connecting them to the supply circuit.
Maintained Emergency Lighting
⊳A lighting system in which all emergency lighting luminaires are
in operation at all material times.
Non-maintained Emergency Lighting
⊳A lighting system in which all emergency lighting luminaires are
in operation only when the supply to the normal lighting fails.
DEFINITIONS
Self-contained Emergency Luminaire
⊳A luminaire providing maintained or non-maintained
emergency lighting, in which all the elements such as the
battery, lamp, control unit and the test and monitoring
facilities - where provided - are contained within the luminaire,
or adjacent to it (i.e. within lm).
Slave Luminaire
⊳A luminaire supplied from a central power source and not
having its own internal secondary supply

DEFINITIONS
Uniformity
⊳The ratio of minimum illuminance to the average illuminance
applied to the values of the working plane.
Sustained (Combined) Emergency Luminaire
⊳An emergency lighting luminaire containing at least two lamps,
one of which is energised from the normal lighting supply and
the other from an emergency lighting supply. Such a luminaire
is intended to sustain illumination at all material times.

EXIT SIGN
Signs complying with the Signs Directive are required at
all emergency Exits and along Escape routes
Where direct sight of a sign is not possible a directional
sign or series of signs must be used
There should be no ambiguity as to which direction the
escape route follows

EXIT SIGN
1975
To be replaced by 24 December 1998
1990
Deemed to comply with Signs Directive
for existing installations
1996
European Signs Directive Format
THE SAFETY SIGNS REGULATIONS
Signs complying with BS 5499 will meet the
requirements provided they continue to fulfil their
purpose effectively
Signs may be supplemented by directional arrows
Directional arrows on their own are not acceptable
⊳Small differences from the pictograms or symbols shown are
acceptable providing they do not affect or confuse the
message

THE SAFETY SIGNS LIGHTING
REQUIREMENTS
The Luminance of any area of Colour shall be at least 2
cd/meter squared
The sign shall be white symbol out of green (ISO 3864)
The ratio of max. to min. luminance shall be less than
10:1
The ratio of luminance from white to green shall be
between 5:1 and 15:1

EMERGENCY SIGNS VIEWING DISTANCE
Internally illuminated Max D less than 200 x H

Externally illuminated Max D less than 100 x H

SITING OF LUMINAIRES
Near stairs Near changes of level

Exit doors Safety signs

Near each change of direction

Near each intersection of corridors

Near each piece of fire fighting equipment

Outside and near to each final exit

Near each First Aid point

Near each First Aid point

MINIMUM LIGHTING LEVELS
Escape Routes (Previously called “defined escape routes”)
U.K. A. Deviation - 0.2 Lux Recommended normal level - 1 Lux

Permanently unobstructed routes only All Risks
SECTION 4
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Portable fire extinguisher used to comply with this
standard shall be listed and labelled and meet or exceed
all the requirements of one on the fire test standards
and one of the appropriate performance standard as
below:
⊳Fire test standards:
ANS/UL 711, CAN 4-S508-M83, MS1539 PART 3, BS 5306
⊳Performance standards:
Carbon Dioxide Types: ANSI/UL 154, CAN 4-S503-M83
Dry Chemical Types: ANSI/UL 299, ULC-S504
Water Types: ANSI/UL 626, CAN 4-S507-M83
Film Forming Foam Types: ANSI/UL 8

A portable fire extinguisher must contain the type of fire
extinguishing agent suitable for the fire it is required to
extinguish.
It must also be clearly identifiable by colour coding for
its intended purpose.
Fires can be grouped:
⊳Solid fuels, e.g. wood, paper, cloth, etc.
⊳Flammable liquids, e.g.. petrol, oil, paints, fats, etc.
⊳Flammable gases, e.g. methane, propane, acetylene, etc.
⊳Flammable metals, e.g. zinc, aluminium, uranium, etc.
⊳Electrical.

The portable fire extinguishers shall be provided as per
NFPA 10, standards for portable fire extinguishers.
Type of Fire Extinguisher Proposed Location
5 kg multipurpose ABC dry chemical type fire Staircase landing and office
extinguishers area
4.5 kg or higher capacity CO2 fire extinguisher Electrical Rooms
9 lt. Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) stored Generator room and fuel
pressure type fire extinguisher pump room
5 kg or higher capacity Clean Agent Fire Control room / Server
Extinguishers and Data storage area

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
Class A Fires : Fires in ordinary
combustible materials such as wood,
cloth, paper, rubber and many
plastics.
Class B Fires : Fires in flammable
liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil-base
paints, lacquers and flammable
gases.

Class C Fires : Fires that involve
energized electrical non- conductivity
of the extinguishing media is of
importance. (when electrical
equipment is de-energized, fire
extinguishers for Class A and B fires
may be used safely)

Class D Fires : Fires in combustible
metals, such as magnesium,
titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium
and potassium.

SECTION 5
EXTERNAL HYDRANT SYSTEM
EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT
Installation consist of a system of pipework connected
directly to the water supply mains to provide water to
each hydrant outlet. Intended to provide water to
fireman to fight a fire.
The water is discharged into the fire engine from which
it is then pumped and spray over the fire. If pressure is
too low, use hydrant pumps.

EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT
Hydrants are proposed at every
45m of periphery of the Building
to protect the building from
outside with all accessories.
Relevant standards as follows:
⊳B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent
Malaysian Standard;
⊳M.S. 1395: specification for pillar
hydrant

HYDRANT OUTLETS
Not less than 6 m from building & not more than 30 m
from entrance to the building
Space not more than 90 m apart along the minimum 6 m
in width road
Capable of withstanding a load of 26 tons of Fire brigade
vehicles.
2 or 3 outlets pillar type with underground sluice valve
Underground hydrants are not encouraged due to
difficulty of access
HYDRANT OUTLETS
In owner’s boundary: should be provided with 30m of
65mm rubber-lined hose (complete with nozzles) in steel
cabinet beside each hydrant.
Capable to handle 1000 l/min & running pressure of 4
bars but max to 7 bars only
The hydrant mains are usually laid underground with
cement lined steel pipe.
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material used for
an area where corrosion is a major concern
HYDRANT PUMP
Two sets of pumps
⊳one duty
⊳one standby
Capable to supply 3000 l/min & running pressure of 4-7
bars to 3 hydrants at the same time
Should be supplied with backup diesel/power generator
in case of black out for at least 2 hours
Batteries for diesel engine must be maintenance free
type

HYDRANT PUMP
Normally Jockey pumps driven by electrical motor at
120 l/min required to maintain system pressure
The pumps should be protected from the weather and
away from flood area.
Pumps’ room should be ventilated plus signage

HYDRANT TANK
Minimum capacity 180,000 litres ( 1 hr water supply for 3
hydrants)
Should be refilled automatically by supply pipe at 20l/s
Hydrant tanks are usually separate from other water
storage tanks but may be combined with other fire
fighting system water tanks. So, tank’s capacity is the
sum total of all tanks.

HYDRANT TANK
Tank material: pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced
polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level
indicator must be provided
External tank should be painted red OR at least red band
of minimum 200 mm should be painted.

SECTION 6
WET RISER AND DRY RISER
SYSTEM
DRY RISER
Internal Hydrant For Fireman to use
Top most floor is higher than 19.3 m (63 ft) and less than
30.5 m (100 ft)
Normally dry pipe and depend on the fire engine to
pump water
Comprises a riser pipe with landing valves at each floor
which canvas hose with nozzle can be connected.
Breeching inlets into which fireman pump water
provided at ground level. .
DRY RISER SYSTEM
– BY LAW AND STANDARD
UBBL Design Standard
UBBL 230 BS5306 :PART 1
UBBL 232 MS 1210 : PART 2
MS 1210 : PART 3
MS 1210 : PART 4
GUIDE TO FIRE
PROTACTION IN
MALAYSIA (BOMBA)
DRY RISER SYSTEM
Detail of relevant standard
⊳BS 5306 : Part 1 – Dry Riser System of installation.
⊳MS 1210 : Part 2 – Lading Valve for Dry Riser
⊳MS 1210 : Part 3 – Inlet Breeching for Riser
⊳MS 1210 : Part 4 – Boxes for Landing Valves

DRY RISER SYSTEM
Component/Equipment
⊳4 Way Breeching Inlet
⊳Landing Valve
⊳Hose Cradle
⊳Air Release valve

DRY RISER SYSTEM

DRY RISER – LANDING VALVE
Landing Valve provided on each floor
Usually located within fire access lobbies, protected
staircases or protected lobbies.
Installed not more than 0.75m (2.5 feet) above floor
level.
Boxes may be provided to protect landing valves
Fire Hose Canvas Type (38mm) complete with 65 mm
diameter quick coupling.

DRY RISER – LANDING VALVE

DRY RISER – BREECHING INLET
Installed at the bottom of the riser
A two-way breeching inlet should be provided for a 100
mm diameter
A for-way breeching inlet for a 150 mm diameter.
Breeching inlets located not more than 18m (59 ft) from
the fire appliance access road
Breeching inlets located not more than 30m (100 ft) from
the nearest external hydrant outlet.

DRY RISER – BREECHING INLET
2-Way Inlet Breeching Valves 4-Way Inlet Breeching Valves

DRY RISER – PIPE
Galvanized Iron (Heavy Gauge) or Class C tested to 21
Bars
If the highest outlet is more than 22.875m (75 ft) the riser
pipe diameter should be 150 mm.
Normally the riser pipe diameter is 100 mm.
Air release valve installed at the top of the riser to
release air trapped.
Horizontal runs pipework should be sloped for proper
draining after used.
WET RISER SYSTEM
Internal hydrant for fireman to use
Always charged with water
Topmost floor is higher than 30.5m (100ft)
Comprises Duty, Standby and Jockey pumps.
Comprises 150 mm diameter riser pipe with Landing
Valves at each floor.
For high rise building each stage of wet riser should not
exceed 70.15m (230 ft).

WET RISER SYSTEM
UBBL 231 BS5306 :PART 1
UBBL 232 MS 1210 : PART 1
UBBL 248 MS 1210 : PART 3
MS 1210 : PART 4
GUIDE TO FIRE
PROTACTION IN
MALAYSIA (BOMBA)
WET RISER SYSTEM
– TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT  Component/Equipment
1. Water tank
22 21
2. 4-ways breeching inlet
20 3. Vent pipe c/w mosquito net
4. Access opening
5. Level indicator
6. External Cat Ladder
7. Overflow pipe
8. Warning pipe
19 3
4 9. Standby pump
6 2 10. Eccentric reducer
5
7 11. Expansion joint
1
8 12. Y-strainer
16
13 13. Gate valve
15 14. Duty pump
14
15. Concentric Reducer
11
17
9 16. Check valve
10 12
18 17. Jockey pump
18. Pump Start test pipe
19. Pump Starter panel
20. Landing Valve
21. Hose cradle
22. Air release valve c/w Ball valve

WET RISER – LANDING VALVE
Landing valves provided on each floor.
Usually located within fire access lobbies protected
staircases or protected lobbies.
Installed not more than 0.75m (2.5ft) above floor level.
Boxes may be provided to protect Landing valves.
Fire Hose Canvas Type (38mm) complete with 65 mm
diameter quick coupling.
The pressure at Landing Valves not Less 4 bars but not
more than 7 Bars.
WET RISER – BREECHING INLET
Installed at the bottom of the riser.
The fireman can pump water into the wet riser storage
tank to make up for water used.
A four-way breeching inlet for a 150 mm diameter.
Breeching inlet located not more than 18m (59ft) from
the fire appliance access road
Breeching inlet located not more than 30m (100ft) from
the nearest external hydrant outlet.

WET RISER – BREECHING INLET
Galvanized iron (Heavy Gauge) or Class C.
The riser diameter should be 150 mm.
Should cover no more than 900m2 floor area.
When more the one riser required, the distance apart
between not exceed 60m.
The distance between lowest and topmost Landing
Valves not exceed 70.15m.
Air release valves installed at the top of release air
trapped.
WET RISER – PUMP
Duty, Standby and Jockey
The pump flow rate must 1500 litre/min at running
pressure not less than 4 bar but not more than 7 bars
when any 3 Landing Valves are in use at the same time.
Standby pump from Generator or Diesel (fuel supply
storage for 2 hrs).

WET RISER – PUMP
Wet Riser Pumps need to be automatically started upon
actuation of the pressure switches but should only be
stopped manually. Usually three pressure switches are
provided with the following suggested pressure
settings:
⊳starting the duty pump – set : 80% of the system pressure
⊳starting the standby pump – set: 60% of the system pressure
⊳starting and stopping the jockey pump – set at 90% and 110%
of the system pressure perceptively.

WET RISER – TANK
Minimum capacity of 45 500 litre with automatic refill
rate of 455 litre/min
The intermediate break tank for upper stages of the wet
riser is 11 375 litre with automatic make-up flow up of
1365 litre/min.
Tank material from presses steel, fibre reinforce
polyester (FRP) or concrete. The water tank should be
compartmented.

WET RISER – TANK
Located on the ground floor, first or second basement.
Usually separated from other water storage tank but it
may be combined with hose reel tank.

WET RISER – Pump starter panel and control
Power supply cables to panel should be of mineral
Insulated Copper Core (MICC)
Wet riser pumps provided with 3 pressure switches.
⊳Starting and stopping the jockey pump set.
⊳Starting and stopping the duty pump set.
⊳Starting and stopping the standby pump set.

SECTION 7
DOWN-COMER SYSTEM
DOWN-COMER SYSTEM
Internal hydrant for fireman to use and always charge
with water from water tank located on the top of the
building WITHOUT any pump.
Only permitted to residential buildings with open
balcony & the topmost floor is not more than 60m above
the fire appliance access level
150mm riser pipe with landing valve on each floor and to
which rubber-lined hose with nozzles
Should be adopted for low cost flats only
DOWN-COMER SYSTEM
10th Schedule BS5306 :PART 1
MS 1210 : PART 1
MS 1210 : PART 3
MS 1210 : PART 4
GUIDE TO FIRE
PROTACTION IN
MALAYSIA (BOMBA)
DOWN-COMER SYSTEM – LANDING VALVE
Provided on each floor and comply with hydrant system,
hose reels and foam inlets (M.S. 1210 : part 1)
Located within fire fighting access lobbies, protected
staircases or protected lobbies installed not more 0.75m
from floor.
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 4
Pressure landing valve depends on static pressure on
valve from roof tank.

DOWN-COMER SYSTEM – LANDING VALVE
Semi-rigid 40mm diameter hose and nozzles should
provided at every landing valve on floor.
Two sets fire hose of canvas type not less than 38mm
diameter, 30m length complete with 65mm diameter
quick coupling and jet spray nozzle should provided at
caretakers unit or management office.

DOWN-COMER SYSTEM
– BREECHING INLETS
Fire brigade breeching inlets into firemen pumps water
provided at bottom of riser at ground floor.
It should 4-way type comply with inlet breeching for
riser inlets.
Where it is enclosed within box and label ‘Downcomer
Inlet’
Drain should be provided at bottom of riser to drain
system.

DOWN-COMER SYSTEM
– BREECHING INLETS
Breeching inlets should located not more 18m from fire
appliance access road and not more 30m from nearest
external hydrant.
Check valve installed between topmost landing valve
and tank to prevent back flow.

DOWN-COMER SYSTEM – PIPES
Located within some free lobby or protected areas
within 45m coverage from landing valve.
More than one riser are required for each floor, distance
not more 60m.
Riser pipe diameter should 150mm galvanised iron to
heavy gauge.
Released valve should installed at top of riser to relief
air trapped.

DOWN-COMER SYSTEM – PIPES
Down-comer pipes should be coated with primer and
finished with red gloss paint.
Pipe can be colour coded with red bands 100mm width
and elbows and tees painted red.
Riser pipe should electrically earthed.

DOWN-COMER SYSTEM – WATER TANK
Fire water storage tank should be sized minimum 45
500l, automatic refill rate of 455l/min.
Tanks maybe pressed steel, FRP or concrete.
It should hot dipped galvanized and coated internally
with bituminous for corrosion protection.
Water tanks should compartmented unless they are
reinforced concrete and ball float valves, overflow pipes,
drain pipes and water level indicators should provided.

DOWN-COMER SYSTEM – WATER TANK
External surface of tank should painted red white or red
band 200mm should be painted to indicate it was a tank.
Usually located on the roof to provide maximum static
pressure and separated from other tank.
It may be combine with hose reel tank when tank
capacity equal to total water storage for down-comer for
hose reel system.
Hose reel tap off level should be above down-comer tap
off level to reserved for down-comer.
SECTION 8
HOSE-REEL SYSTEM
HOSE-REEL SYSTEM
Hose reel system is intended for the occupant to use
during early stages of a fire and comprises hose reel
pumps, water storage tanks, hose reels, pipe work and
valves.

HOSE REEL SYSTEM
10th Schedule BS5306 Part 1
MS 1447
GUIDE TO FIRE
PROTACTION IN
MALAYSIA (BOMBA)

HOSE-REEL SYSTEM
When we need hose reel
system?
It is 5 storey building need
hose reel?

HOSE-REEL SYSTEM
Three factor for
compulsory installation of
Hose Reel.
⊳Type of Building
⊳Building size
⊳Building operation

HOSE-REEL SYSTEM
Three factor for
Hose Reel.
⊳Type of Building
⊳Building size

HOSE-REEL SYSTEM
Three factor for
Hose Reel.
⊳Type of Building
⊳Building size

HOSE REEL SYSTEM
Three factor for
Hose Reel.
⊳Type of Building
⊳Building size

HOSE REEL SYSTEM – STORAGE TANK
Normally minimum effective storage of 9100 Litres
(based on minimum 6 hose reel drums in system)
Minimum incoming flow rate of 20 l/min
Material either pressed steel, FRP
Located either on ground / basement level or on roof
level.

HOSE REEL SYSTEM – PUMP
Two pumps (one duty, and one standby)
Minimum flowrate 120 l/min (for four hose reels
operating at one time); running pressure minimum 2
bars
Standby pump shall be from generator set supply or
else pump shall be diesel type with fuel to run minimum
2 hours.

HOSE REEL SYSTEM – PIPING
Material used Galvanised Iron Class ‘C’ (Heavy Duty)
Pipe size 50mm Ø within building and 65mm Ø if
external building depending on distance.

HOSE REEL SYSTEM – DRUM
Located as such that all areas are generally covered by
the 30m hose radius or approximately every 800m2 area.
Generally can assume every hose reel is able to produce
30 l/min and 6m jet spray.
Normally located at each floor along escape routes..

SECTION 9
AUTOMATIC INERT GAS
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC INERT GAS EXTINGUISHING
SYSTEM
Gaseous fire suppression is a term to describe the use
of inert gases and chemical agents to extinguish a fire;
also called Clean Agent Fire Suppression.
These Agents are governed by the NFPA Standard for
Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems - NFPA 2001, as
well as NFPA Standard for Carbon Dioxide Fire
Extinguishing Systems - NFPA 12.

SYSTEM
The systems typically consist of the agent, agent
storage containers, agent release valves, fire detectors,
fire detection system (wiring control panel, actuation
signalling), agent delivery piping, and agent dispersion
nozzles.
These systems shall be designed, installed and
maintained by certified professionals. Proper records
shall be kept for all works in relation to these systems.

SYSTEM
Application

SYSTEM
CO2 Vs clean Agent

Ts. DR. AZLI ABD RAZAK
Senior Lecturer
Address
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
THANK YOU! Phone & Email

H/P: 0194419556
Office: 03-55442212
azlirazak@uitm.edu.my

Chapter FOUR PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter FOUR PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER 4

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 6

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 7

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 8

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 9

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 10

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 13

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 14

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 15

No Smoke With Smoke

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 19

No Smoke With Smoke

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 20

Light Sensitive Diode

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 21

Control Unit Power

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 23

Fixed Temperature Rate of Rise

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 24

Infra-red & ultraviolet emissions

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 25

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 27

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 28

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 30

Abu Hallo Bossku

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 31

FIRE  More rapid and accurate fire

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 36

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 38

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 39

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 40

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 41

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 42

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 44

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 45

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 46

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 47

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 49

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 50

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 51

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 53

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 54

Internally illuminated Max D less than 200 x H

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 55

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 56

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 57

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 58

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 59

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 60

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 61

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 62

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 63

U.K. A. Deviation - 0.2 Lux Recommended normal level - 1 Lux

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 66

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 67

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 68

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 69

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 70

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 71

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 73

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 74

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 77

MEC654 // Study Materials by AAR 78