Xvi Contents Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers 523 16.1 Introduction to Binary Numbers 524 162 Addition of Binary Numbers 525 16.3. Subtraction of Binary Numbers 527 164 Multiplication of Binary Numbers 528 16.5 Conversion from Decimal to Binary System 529 16.6 Conversion from Binary to Decimal System 531 16.7 Hexadecimal System 532 168 Addition and Subtraction of Hexadecimal Numbers $34 169 Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion $36 16.10 Hexadecimal Code for Colors 538 Chapter 16: Accent on Teamwork 539 Chapter 16: Summary $40 Chapter 16: Review 541 Chapter 16: Test S41 Chapters 1=16: Cumulative Review 542Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers » ‘lecommunications technicians install, trou- LUMA ted copper and fiber optic communications cables. Ea 7 Thisisa relatively new and exciting career with ex- cellent career opportunities. The telecommunications technician needs a solid background in electronics, telecommunications, and networking to employ hands-on troubleshooting and problem-solving skills in an office or field working environment. Under- standing business telephone systems, transmission line and multiplexing systems, structured cabling, and fiber optics are needed. Communications and com- puter information systems skills are also critical. For more information, check \wwwthomsonedu.com/mathematics/ewen Telecommunications Technician Technicians splicing hundreds of telephone wires after cable was cut.524 Chapter 16 * Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers. Introduction to Binary Numbers ‘The decimal system of numbers has ten symbols, or digits: 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, and 9. ‘This system of numeration is based on the historical and natural way man has used his fin- {ers to count objects and maintain a record of his possessions by groups of tens. ‘Computers use a binary number system, which has only two symbols oF numerals: 0 and L. These can represent the two positions in a transistor, “ofT” and “on.” Off is assigned 0, and on is assigned 1. Table 16.1 should help you to understand the relationship between these two systems. bby comparing place values in the decimal system with place values in the binary system, ‘The binary equivalents ofthe decimal numbers 0-17 are given in Table 16.2. Decimal Systen Hund Ten Milifons Thousands pousanids Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones 108 10° 10 10 10 10108 10X10 10x 10x 10 10 10x 10x 10x 10X10 10X19 10X10 LOX 10X10 1Ox10 10 1 1,000,000, 100.000 10,000 1,000 10 10 1 Binary Syste Sixty-Fours Thirty-tw Sixtee Eights Fours. Twos is 2 "3 2 2 Bs es 2X2K2X2KIK2 —2KPXIKIRY —«-2KIXIXD «KAKI —-2XP a 1 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1900000; 1000002 100005 1000, 100; 10; I : In base ten, there are powers often and ten numerals ‘In base 10, there are powers of two and two numerals.