40mm Low-Velocity Grenades

40mm Low-Velocity Grenades
Gary's U.S. Infantry Weapons Reference Guide
DESCRIPTION
This page describes the most commonly used 40mm low-velocity
rounds for the U.S. M320, M203, and M79 grenade launchers. These
rounds include high-explosive, illuminating, signaling, CS, training, and
multi-purpose ammunition.
If fired into snow or mud, 40mm rounds may not hit hard enough to
detonate. An undetonated round may explode when stepped on or
driven over. During training in snow or mud, avoid this hazard by firing
only TP rounds.
40mm grenade launcher ammunition.
Arming
Model Type Length Weight Effect
Range
3.89 in (98.8 0.503 lb 8 - 10 ft (2.4 - Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

M381 HE
mm) (0.23 kg) 3 m) Kill radius: 16 ft (5 m)
3.89 in (98.8 0.50 lb 8 - 10 ft (2.4 -

M382 Practice Danger radius: 66 ft (20 m)
mm) (0.23 kg) 3 m)
3.89 in (98.8 0.50 lb 45 - 90 ft (14 Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

M386 HE
mm) (0.23 kg) - 27 m) Kill radius: 16 ft (5 m)
M397, 4.05 in 0.51 lb 45 - 90 ft (14 Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

HE
M397A1 (102.9 mm) (0.23 kg) - 27 m) Kill radius: 16 ft (5 m)
3.894 in 0.503 lb 45 - 90 ft (14 Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

M406 HE
(98.9 mm) (0.23 kg) - 27 m) Kill radius: 16 ft (5 m)
3.894 in 0.50 lb 45 - 90 ft (14

M407A1 Practice Danger radius: 66 ft (20 m)
(98.9 mm) (0.23 kg) - 27 m)
Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

4.05 in 0.507 lb 45 - 90 ft (14
M433 HEDP Incapacitation radius: 49 ft (15 m)
(102.9 mm) (0.23 kg) - 27 m)
Kill radius: 16 ft (5 m)
3.89 in (98.8 0.503 lb 8 - 10 ft (2.4 - Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

M441 HE
mm) (0.23 kg) 3 m) Kill radius: 16 ft (5 m)
2.646 in 0.254 lb
M576 Buckshot N/A Maximum range: 98 ft (30 m)
(67.2 mm) (0.12 kg)
M583, White Star 5.272 in 0.49 lb 90,000 candlepower. 656 ft (200 meters) in
N/A
M583A1 Parachute (133.9 mm) (0.22 kg) diameter for 40 seconds
White Star 5.268 in 0.41 lb

M585 N/A 55,000 candlepower for 7 seconds
Cluster (133.8 mm) (0.19 kg)
4.57 in 0.63 lb 33 - 98 ft (10

M651 CS (116.1 mm) (0.29 kg) - 30 m) Area Coverage: 144 yd² (120 m²)
Green Star 5.272 in 0.49 lb 8,000 candlepower. 656 ft (200 meters) in

M661 N/A
Parachute (133.9 mm) (0.22 kg) diameter for 40 seconds
Red Star 5.272 in 0.49 lb 20,000 candlepower. 656 ft (200 meters) in

M662 N/A
Parachute (133.9 mm) (0.22 kg) diameter for 40 seconds
M676,
Smoke 5.212 in 0.48 lb
M680, ? Smoke burn time: 90 seconds minimum
Canopy (132.4 mm) (0.22 kg)
M682
M713, Smoke
3.91 in (99.3 0.49 lb 50 - 150 ft
M715, Ground Smoke burn time: 17 seconds minimum
mm) (0.22 kg) (15 - 45 m)
M716 Marker
4.05 in 0.45 lb
M781 Practice N/A Danger radius: 66 ft (20 m)
(102.9 mm) (0.205 kg)
IR Star 5.272 in 0.49 lb Max visible candlepower: 350.

M992 N/A
Parachute (133.9 mm) (0.22 kg) 30 seconds minimum burn time.
3.95 in 0.15 lb
M1006 Non-Lethal N/A Engagement Range: 33 - 164 ft (10 - 50 m)
(100.3 mm) (0.068 kg)
4.8 in (121.9 0.47 lb

M1029 Non-Lethal N/A N/A
mm) (0.213 kg)
M381 40mm HE Cartridge
Complete Round
Type HE
Classification Date 1972
Unit Cost ?
Length 3.89 in (98.8 mm)
Weight 0.503 lb (0.23 kg)
Projectile
Body Material Aluminum skirt and steel wire ball
Color Olive drab with yellow markings, yellow ogive
Filler 32 g Composition B
Fuze M552 point detonating
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Propellant 330 mg M9
Primer M42 percussion
Performance
Maximum Range 1,312 ft (400 m)
Muzzle Velocity 250 fps (76 mps)
Arming Range 8 - 10 ft (2.4 - 3 m)

Effective Bursting Area
Use:
The M381 cartridge is a high explosive round designed to inflict
personnel casualties from ground burst effect.
Description:
The cartridge is a fixed round of ammunition consisting of a projectile
assembly and a cartridge case assembly.
The projectile has a hollow, one-piece aluminum body containing

rotating bands. A hollow aluminum ogive is fitted to the front end of
the projectile. A hollow steel ball assembly containing the bursting
charge is fitted into the rear of the projectile body. A booster charge
with a point detonating fuze is threaded into a well in the forward side
of the ball.
The projectile assembly is press-fitted into a cartridge case. The case

is a hollow, aluminum bi-chambered cylinder with an annealed brass
propellant cup fitted into the cartridge base. The cup contains the
propelling charge with a percussion primer in the center. The cup acts
as a high pressure chamber and the hollow cavity in the case, which
surrounds the cup, acts as a low pressure chamber. The fuze contains
surrounds the cup, acts as a low pressure chamber. The fuze contains
an inertial ring operating through push pins and levers upon a
detonator.
Functioning:
The weapon firing pin strikes the percussion primer igniting the
propelling charge in the high-pressure chamber. The burning propelling
charge generates sufficient pressure to rupture the propellant cup
forcing the expanding gases through vent holes into the low-pressure
chamber.
The rotating band around the projectile engages the rifling in the
launcher tube to impart spin of 3,600 RPM to the projectile. The
pressure created by the expanding propellant gases in the low-
pressure chamber forces the projectile through the launcher barrel
with a muzzle velocity of 76 meters per second (250 fps).
Setback force from firing causes the firing pin in the fuze to be
withdrawn from the rotor ball detent, and centrifugal force from
projectile rotation causes the rotor ball assembly to align the
detonator with the explosive train. The fuze arms after the projectile
has traveled approximately 2.4 to 3 meters (8 feet) from the launcher.
Upon graze or impact with the target, inertia causes the inertial ring to
act on the push pins, pivoting the levers inward to force the firing pin
into the detonator. The detonator ignites the booster charge, and the
booster detonates the explosive charge, producing blast and
fragmentation of the projectile body.
M382 40mm Practice Cartridge

Complete Round
Type Practice
Unit Cost ?
Projectile
Body Material Aluminum skirt and steel ball
Color Olive drab with yellow markings
Filler 4.54 g inert yellow dye
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Primer percussion
Performance
Danger Radius 66 ft (20 m)
Use:
Use:
The M382 cartridge is a practice impact type round.
Description:
This cartridge is a fixed round of ammunition consisting of a projectile
body and a cartridge case assembly containing a propelling charge
and a percussion primer.
A hollow, aluminum ogive is fitted to the front end of the projectile.

Fitted in the rear of the projectile is a hollow steel ball assembly
containing a yellow dye marking material. An RDX booster pellet with a
point detonating fuze assembly is threaded into a cavity at the forward
side of the ball assembly.
The projectile assembly is press-fitted into the cartridge case. The

case is a hollow aluminum bi-chambered cylinder with an annealed
brass propellant cup assembly fitted into the center of the cartridge
base. The cup contains the propelling charge with a percussion primer
in the center and acts as a high-pressure chamber. The hollow cavity
in the case, which surrounds the cup, acts as a low-pressure chamber.
The fuze contains an inertial ring operating through push pins and
levers on the firing pin.
Functioning:
propelling charge in the high pressure chamber. The burning propelling
charge generates sufficient pressure to rupture the propellant cup and
to force the expanding gases from the burning propellant through vent
holes into the low-pressure chamber.
launcher tube imparting a spin of 3600 rpm to the projectile and a
muzzle velocity of 76 mps. The pressure created by the expanding
propellant gases in the ]ow-pressure chamber forces the projectile
through the launcher barrel.
After the projectile leaves the launcher tube, setback force causes the
firing pin in the fuze to be withdrawn from the ball detent, and
centrifugal force created by rotation of the projectile causes the rotor
ball assembly to align the detonator with the explosive train. The fuze
arms after the projectile has traveled approximately 2.4 to 3 meters (8
feet) from the launcher.
Upon graze or impact with the target, the inertial force from impact
causes the inertial ring to act on the push pins, pivoting the levers
inward, and forcing the firing pin into the detonator. The detonator
inward, and forcing the firing pin into the detonator. The detonator
explodes the RDX booster pellet which shatters the chamber and
emits a yellow puff of smoke to simulate the explosion of a service
round.
Complete Round
Type HE
Classification Date ?
Unit Cost ?
Projectile
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Primer M42 or FED 100 percussion
Performance
Arming Range 45 - 90 ft (14 - 27 m)

Use:
personnel casualties from ground burst effect.
Description:
The cartridge is a fixed round of ammunition consisting of an
aluminum projectile body with a rotating band, and cartridge case
containing the propelling charge and percussion primer.
A steel ball-shaped assembly containing the high explosive charge is

fitted into the rear of the projectile. The ball assembly has an open well
on the forward side. A point detonating fuze with booster charge is
threaded into the well. The fuze is covered by an aluminum ogive
forming the nose of the projectile.
The projectile body is press-fitted into the cartridge case. The case is a
bi-chambered aluminum cylinder with an annealed brass propellant
cup fitted into the center of the base. The cup contains the propelling
charge and the percussion primer is fitted in the center. The cup acts
as a high-pressure chamber while the cavity in the case surrounding
the cup acts as a low-pressure chamber.
Functioning:
force the exploding gases through the vent holes into the low-pressure
chamber.
launcher tube imparting spin to the projectile. The pressure created by
the expanding propellant gases in the low-pressure chamber forces
the projectile through the tube with a muzzle velocity of 76 meters per
second.
After the projectile leaves the launcher tube, setback causes a fuze
setback pin to move reward and clear the fuze rotor which is held in an
setback pin to move reward and clear the fuze rotor which is held in an
unarmed position by a firing pin, centrifugal lock, and the setback pin
in the fuze assembly. Centrifugal force, generated by the rotation of
the projectile, causes three pivoted inertial weights and the fuze
centrifugal lock to move outward. This action causes the spring
loaded firing pin and lock to retract from the rotor and gear train,
respectively. The rotor, now free to rotate, aligns the fuze detonator
with the explosive train. A fuze escapement mechanism delays arming
by controlling rotor movement. The fuze arms after the projectile has
traveled at least 14 meters (45 feet) from the launcher tube.
Upon impact with the target, the firing pin is forced into the detonator.
The detonator triggers the booster charge, in turn, detonating the high-
explosive bursting charge, producing a blast and fragmentation of the
projectile body.
M397 40mm HE (Jump-Up Fragmentation) Cartridge
Complete Round
Type HE
Unit Cost ?

Projectile
Filler 32 g OCTOL
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Performance

Use:
personnel casualties using air burst effect.
Description:
The cartridge is a fixed round consisting of an aluminum projectile
body with rotating band press-fitted into a cartridge case containing a
propelling charge and percussion primer.
A hollow steel ball assembly containing the HE charge and a delay

detonator is fitted into the rear of the projectile. A point detonating
fuze with a separation charge is threaded into a well on the front side
of the ball.
The cartridge case is a bi-chambered aluminum cylinder with an

annealed brass cup pressed into the center of the base. The cup
contains the propelling charge and the percussion primer extends into
the center of the charge. The cup constitutes a high-pressure chamber,
and the hollow cavity in the case surrounding the cup acts as a low-
pressure chamber.
Functioning:
The weapon firing pin strikes the primer to ignite the propelling charge.
The burning propellant ruptures the propellant cup, and the expanding-
gases are vented into the low-pressure chamber to propel the
projectile through the tube with a muzzle velocity of 76 meters per

projectile through the tube with a muzzle velocity of 76 meters per
second.
The rotating band engages the spiral lands in the launcher tube to
impart spin to the projectile. Setback from firing withdraws a lock pin
from the fuze rotor.
After the projectile leaves the launcher, centrifugal force from rotation
withdraws the firing pin from the rotor and releases a centrifugal lock
from the fuze gear train. The rotor then turns, restrained by an
escapement mechanism, to line up the rotor detonator with the
separation charge. This rotor movement is complete when the
projectile has traveled at least 14 meters (45 feet) from the weapon.
Upon impact, the fuze firing pin is driven into the detonator to explode
the separation charge. The separation charge ejects the high explosive
assembly upward from the rear of the projectile and simultaneously
ignites the delay charge. Detonation and fragmentation of the HE ball
thus occurs at approximately 5 feet above the ground impact point.
M397A1 40mm HE (Jump-Up Fragmentation) Cartridge
Complete Round
Type HE

Unit Cost ?
Projectile
Filler 32 g OCTOL
Fuze M536E1 point detonating
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Performance

Use:
The M397A1 cartridge is a high explosive round designed to inflict
personnel casualties using air burst effect. The M397A1 functions with
improved performance on snow targets in comparison to the
performance of the M397 and M406.
Description:
This cartridge is a fixed round of ammunition consisting of a one-piece
steel projectile body with a metal rotating band and a cartridge case
assembly containing the propelling charge and percussion primer.
A hollow ogive is fitted to the front end of the projectile. A hollow steel
ball assembly containing a delay detonator, a booster charge, and an
HE bursting charge, is fitted into the rear end of the projectile. A point
detonating fuze assembly is threaded into the front opening of the ball
assembly.

is a hollow bi-chambered aluminum cylinder with an annealed brass
propellant cup assembly fitted into the center of the cartridge base.
The cup contains the propelling charge and a percussion primer in the
center. The cup acts as a high-pressure chamber, and the hollow
center. The cup acts as a high-pressure chamber, and the hollow
cavity in the case, which surrounds the cup, acts as a low-pressure
chamber.
Functioning:
forcing the expanding gases from the burning propellant through the
vent holes into the low-pressure chamber.
launcher tube, imparting spin to the projectile. The pressure, created
by the expanding propellant gases in the low-pressure chamber, forces
the projectile through the tube with a muzzle velocity of 76 meters per
second.
When the projectile is fired, setback forces cause the fuze setback pin
to retract from the fuze rotor causing the bellville type washer to be
crushed. This permits the fuze housing assembly containing the rotor
to retract from the stationary fuze firing pin. In the unarmed position, a
set-back pin, a firing pin, and a centrifugal lock in the fuze assembly,
combine to prevent movement of the rotor. This keeps the fuze
detonator from aligning with the separation charge assembly.
Centrifugal force, from rotation of the projectile, causes the centrifugal
lock to retract from the fuze gear train. The rotor, now free to rotate,
lines up the detonator with the separation charge assembly. A fuze
escapment mechanism delays arming by controlling rotor movement.
The fuze arms after the projectile has traveled at least 14 meters (45
feet) from the launcher tube.
Upon impact with the target, the M55 detonator within the setback
sleeve and housing assembly is driven forward into the firing pin. In
turn, the detonator ignites the separation charge assembly which
initiates the delay detonator of the auxiliary fuze in the ball assembly.
Gas pressure drives the delay detonator into the armed position.
Concurrently, the ball assembly with the auxiliary fuze ejects from the
rear of the projectile into the air. The pyrotechnic delay detonator in
the ball assembly detonates the booster charge, in turn, detonating the
bursting charge 80 milliseconds after ejection. This results in a blast
and fragmentation of the ball assembly 5 feet above the impact point.

Complete Round
Type HE
Unit Cost ?
Projectile
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Performance

Use:
personnel casualties using ground burst effect.
Description:
This cartridge is a fixed round of ammunition consisting of an
aluminum projectile body with a rotating band and a cartridge case
assembly containing the propelling charge and percussion primer.
A hollow aluminum ogive is fitted to the front end of the projectile. A

steel ball assembly containing a booster charge and a bursting charge
is fitted in the rear end of the projectile. A point detonating fuze
assembly is threaded into the front opening of the ball assembly.

propellant cup assembly fitted into the center of the cartridge base.
The cup contains the propelling charge and a percussion primer in the
center. It acts as a high-pressure chamber while the hollow cavity in
the case, which surrounds the cup, acts as a low-pressure chamber.
Functioning:
forcing the expanding gases through the vent holes into the low-
pressure chamber.
launcher tube imparting a spin of 3,600 rpm to the projectile. The
pressure created by the expanding propellant gases in the low-
pressure chamber force the projectile through the tube with a muzzle
velocity of 76 meters per second.
to retract from the fuze rotor. The rotor is held in an unarmed position
by a firing pin, a centrifugal lock, and the setback pin in the fuze
assembly. Centrifugal force, generated by the rotation of the projectile,
causes the three pivoted inertia weights and the centrifugal lock in the
fuze to move outward. In turn, the spring loaded firing pin and the lock
retract from the rotor and fuze gear train, respectively. The rotor, now
free to rotate, lines up the fuze detonator with the explosive train. A
fuze escapement mechanism delays arming by controlling rotor
movement. The fuze arms after the projectile has traveled at least 14
meters (45 feet) from the launcher tube.
Concurrently the detonator triggers the booster charge, in turn,
detonating the high explosive bursting charge, which produces a blast
and fragmentation of the projectile body. The projectile body is wire
wrapped so that fragmentation is more uniform on impact.
M407A1 40mm Practice Cartridge
Complete Round
Type Practice
Unit Cost ?
Projectile
Body Material Aluminum skirt and plastic ball
Color Blue with white markings
Filler Yellow dye
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Performance
Use:
The M407A1 cartridge is a fixed practice type ammunition. Replaced
by the the M781 practice cartridge.
Description:
This cartridge is a fixed round of ammunition consisting of an
aluminum projectile body with a rotating band and a cartridge case
assembly.
A hollow aluminum ogive is fitted to the front end of the projectile. A
plastic ball assembly containing an RDX booster pellet and two yellow
smoke pellets is fitted into the rear end of the projectile. A point
detonating fuze assembly is threaded into the front opening of the ball
assembly.

propellant cup assembly crimped into the center of the cartridge base.
The cup contains the propelling charge and percussion primer in the
center. The cup acts as a high-pressure chamber while the hollow
cavity in the case, which surrounds the cup, acts as a low-pressure
chamber.
Functioning:
to release the expanding propellant gases through the vent holes into
the low-pressure chamber.
pressure, created by the expanding propellant gases in the low-
pressure chamber, forces the projectile through the tube with a muzzle
to retract from the fuze rotor. The rotor is held in an unarmed position
by a firing pin, a centrifugal lock, and the setback pin in the fuze
assembly. Centrifugal force, generated by the rotation of the projectile,
causes the three pivoted inertia weights and the centrifugal lock in the
fuze, to move outward. In turn, the spring loaded firing pin and the lock
retract from the rotor and fuze gear train, respectively. The rotor, now
free to rotate, lines up the fuze detonator with the explosive train. A
fuze escapement mechanism delays arming by controlling rotor
movement. The fuze arms after the projectile has traveled at least 14
to 27 meters (45 to 90 feet) from the launcher tube.
Concurrently, the detonator ignites the RDX booster pellet which
fragments the plastic ball and ignited the two yellow smoke pellets,
causing a puff of yellow smoke which simulates explosive impact.
M433 40mm HEDP Cartridge
Complete Round
Type HEDP
Unit Cost $30 (Fiscal Year 2005), $68 (FY 2010)
Projectile
Body Material Aluminum skirt with steel cup attached
Color Olive drab with white markings, yellow ogive
Filler 45 g Composition A
Fuze M550 point initiating, base detonating
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Performance


Effective Bursting Area Incapacitation radius: 49 ft (15 m)
Use:
The M433 cartridge is a dual purpose impact type
round which is designed to penetrate at least two
inches of steel armor at 0° angle of obliquity and
inflict personnel casualties in the target area. This
item is Code A, approved for service use. This is a
training standard item used in both training and
combat.
Description:
The cartridge is a fixed round of ammunition
consisting of a one-piece, aluminum projectile
body with rotating band, and a cartridge case
assembly.
A hollow aluminum ogive is fitted to the front end

of the projectile. A PIBD fuze assembly with an
RDX spit-back charge and copper cone liner is
fitted to the opening of the projectile cavity. The
cavity is sealed by the fuze assembly and
contains the high explosive shaped charge.
The projectile assembly is press-fitted into the cartridge case

assembly. The case is a hollow bi-chambered aluminum cylinder with
a steel closing plug crimped into the opening of the annealed brass
propellant cup assembly in the cartridge base. The propellant cup has
vent holes in the sides, is sealed in the bottom by the closing plug, and
contains the propelling charge. A percussion primer is crimped into the
center of the closing plug. The propellant cup acts as a high-pressure
chamber, and the upper hollow cavity in the case acts as a low-
pressure chamber.
Functioning:
The weapon firing pin strikes the percussion primer, which ignites the
propelling charge. Pressure created by the burning propellant in the
high-pressure chamber causes the propellant cup to rupture. The
propellant gases escape through vent holes into the low-pressure
chamber.
launcher tube to impart a spin of 3,750 rpm to the projectile.
Expanding gases in the low-pressure chamber force the projectile
Expanding gases in the low-pressure chamber force the projectile
through the tube with a muzzle velocity of 76 meters per second.
After the projectile leaves the launcher tube, initial rotation causes the
fuze detent to free the fuze rotor. Centrifugal force causes three
hammer weights to move radially outward, allowing a conical spring to
move the firing pin forward, disengaging the rotor. Dynamic imbalance
of the rotor causes it to rotate to the armed position, aligning the M55
detonator with the firing pin and the spit-back shaped charge. A fuze
escapement mechanism retards rotor movement, delaying arming
until the projectile has traveled at least 45 feet from the launcher tube.
Upon impact with the target, the firing pin is driven into the detonator,
triggering the spit-back shaped charge and producing a jet blast which
detonates the HE bursting charge. Detonation of the bursting charge
forms an armor-piercing jet of molten metal and fragmentation of the
projectile body.
Effect:
The M433 HEDP grenade has a small shaped charge that penetrates
better than the HE round. It also has a thin wire wrapping that bursts
into a dense fragmentation pattern, creating casualties out to 5
meters. Because they explode on contact, HEDP rounds achieve the
same penetration regardless of range.
The high explosive dual purpose round can penetrate 2 inches (50
mm) of armor plate, 12 inches (300 mm) of pine logs, 16 inches (400
mm) of concrete blocks, or 20 inches (500 mm) of sandbags at ranges
up to 1,312 feet (400 m).
If projected into an interior room, the 40mm HEDP can penetrate all
interior partition-type walls. It splinters plywood and plaster walls,
making a hole large enough to fire a rifle through. It is better to have
HEDP rounds pass into a room and explode on a far wall, even though
much of the round's energy is wasted penetrating the back wall. The
fragmentation produced in the room causes more casualties than the
high-explosive jet formed by the shaped charge.
The fragments from the HEDP round do not reliably penetrate interior
walls. They are also stopped by office furniture, sandbags, helmets,
and protective vests (flak jackets).
M433 HEDP
U.S. Army photo
Test-fired inert M433 HEDP Test-fired inert M433 HEDP
597x476, 48K, JPEG
U.S. Army photo U.S. Army photo
490x260, 157K, PNG 830x500, 528K, PNG
M550 Fuze:
Type Classified: 1971.

Over 20 Million fuzes produced.
Two independent safety locks: setback pin and one spin detent.

Complete Round
Type HE
Unit Cost ?
Projectile
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Performance

Use:
personnel casualties using ground burst effect.
Description:
body with a rotating band and a cartridge case assembly.
A hollow aluminum ogive is fitted to the front of the projectile. A point

detonating fuze with a booster charge is threaded into the opening of
a steel ball assembly crimped into the projectile base. The ball
assembly contains an HE bursting charge.
The projectile assembly is press-fitted into the aluminum cartridge

case. The case is a hollow bi-chambered cylinder with a metal closing
plug crimped into the cartridge case. The propellant cup assembly is
sealed by the closing plug in the bottom, and contains the propelling
charge. A percussion primer is crimped into a center opening in the
closing plug. The propellant cup assembly acts as a high-pressure
chamber, and the hollow cavity in the case surrounding the cup acts as
a low-pressure chamber.
Functioning:
The weapon firing pin strikes the primer igniting the propelling charge.
Gases from the burning propellant expand in the high-pressure
chamber. This pressure ruptures the propellant cup, forcing the gases
to escape through the vents into the low-pressure chamber.
launcher tube imparting spin to the projectile. Expanding gases in the
low-pressure chamber force the projectile through the tube with a
muzzle velocity of 76 meters per second.
At the time of firing, setback causes the firing pin to be withdrawn

from the fuze rotor detent. Prior to this action, the detonator in the
rotor is held out of line with the explosive train. With the rotor free,
centrifugal force causes the rotor ball to turn and align the detonator
with the firing pin. The fuze arms after the projectile has traveled
approximately 2 to 4 meters (8 feet) from the launcher tube.
Upon graze or impact, inertia throws the inertial ring forward against
the push pins. The push pins pivot the levers inward to drive the firing
pin into the detonator. The detonator initiates the booster to detonate
the high explosive charge resulting in blast and fragmentation of the
projectile body.
projectile body.
M576 40mm Multiple Projectile (Buckshot) Cartridge
Complete Round
Type Buckshot
Unit Cost ?
Projectile
Body Material Molded polyethylene plastic
Color Black with white markings
Filler 20 24 g metal pellets
Fuze None
Case Components
Cartridge Case M199
Primer
0.45 cal, Remington, No. 2-l/2 percussion
Performance
Maximum Range 98 ft (30 m)

Arming Range N/A
Use:
The M576 cartridge is intended for use in counter-insurgency and
conventional operations in jungle environments, particularly during
periods of poor visibility where personnel targets appear at short
distances without warning and are vulnerably exposed only fleetingly.
Description:
The cartridge is a fixed round of ammunition consisting of a multiple
projectile assembly and a cartridge case assembly.
The projectile assembly includes a polyethylene sabot carrier with one

center cavity and several smaller cavities around the outside
perimeter. A plastic pellet cup filled with 20 metal pellets is fitted into
the center cavity and is covered by a snap on cap. The outer cavities
act as air scoops. An obturator on the rear of the sabot serves as a
propellant gas seal between the cartridge case and the sabot. The
round has no mechanical-type fuze.
The projectile assembly is crimped into the cartridge case. The case is
a hollow bi-chambered cylinder with a metal closing plug crimped into
the open well of the propellant chamber in the cartridge base. The
propellant chamber acts as a high-pressure chamber and has ten vent
holes in the top sealed by a copper disk. The upper hollow cavity in the
case serves as a low-pressure chamber. A percussion primer is
crimped into a center opening in the closing plug.
Functioning:
The weapon firing pin strikes the primer which ignites the propelling
charge. Gases from the burning propellant expand in the high-pressure
chamber. The pressure ruptures the copper disk allowing the
expanding gases to escape through the vent holes into the low-
pressure chamber.
Continuing gas expansion forces the projectile through the launcher

tube. Setback force from cartridge ignition causes the pellet cup in the
sabot carrier to move rearward. This movement disengages the cap
from the pellet cup. Upon reaching the muzzle, the sabot carrier and
pellet cup are discarded allowing the metal pellets free flight to the
target.
Effect:
Though it is a multipurpose round, the M576 is most effective in thick
vegetated areas or for room clearing. Be sure to aim buckshot rounds
vegetated areas or for room clearing. Be sure to aim buckshot rounds
at the foot of the target.
M583, M583A1 40mm White Star Parachute Cartridge

M661 40mm Green Star Parachute Cartridge
M662 40mm Red Star Parachute Cartridge
Complete Round
Type Star Parachute
Classification Date M583A1: 1985
Unit Cost M583: $39 (Fiscal Year 2005), M583: $53 (Fiscal Year 2007), M661: $73 (Fiscal Year 2010)
Length 5.272 in (133.9 mm)
Projectile
Body Material Impact or bar alloy aluminum
Color White with black markings
Filler Illumination composition. M583A1: 93 g. M661: 86 g. M662: 85 g
Fuze None
Case Components
Cartridge Case M195
Performance
Burst Height 600 ft (183 m)
Arming Range N/A
Average Candlepower M583A1: 90,000. M661: 8,000. M662: 20,000.
Use:
The star parachute round is used for illumination and signals and is
lighter and more accurate than comparable handheld signal rounds.
This item is Code A, approved for service use. This is a training
standard item used in both training and combat.
Description:
The projectile has a one piece, hollow aluminum body with a metal
rotating band. A plastic ogive, embossed with a raised letter for night
identification of payload, is snapped into an O-ring in the front opening
of the projectile cavity. The cavity contains a pyrotechnic flare candle
assembly, and an integral ignition/ejection charge attached to a 20
inch diameter parachute. The projectile has a 4 to 5 second delay
ignition element crimped into the center opening of a metal delay
carrier.
The projectile is press-fitted into an O-ring in the front opening of the

cartridge case. The case is a hollow bi-chambered cylinder with a
metal closing plug crimped into the base of the cartridge case. The
propellant cup is sealed on the bottom by the closing plug. The cup
acts as a high-pressure chamber, and the cavity in the case
surrounding the cup acts as a low-pressure chamber. A percussion
primer is crimped into a center opening in the closing plug.
Functioning:
The weapon firing pin strikes the primer
igniting the propelling charge. Gases from
the burning propellant expand in the high-
pressure chamber. This pressure ruptures
the propellant cup, and the pressure
escapes through the vent holes into the
low-pressure chamber, propelling the
projectile forward with the velocity
required to reach the burst altitude. The
burning propellant also ignites the .5
burning propellant also ignites the .5
second delay element in the base of the
projectile.
The rotating band engages the rifling in

the launcher tube to impart a spin of 3,750
rpm to the projectile. At the end of the
delay, the delay element ignites the
ejection charge. The ejection charge
ignites the candle and blows the candle
assembly out through the top of the
projectile body.
The attached parachute deploys upon ejection to lower the candle at 7

feet per second (2 mps). The candle burns for approximately 40
seconds. The candle functions at an altitude of 500 to 700 feet when
fired vertically and is visible to an air observer at a slant range of at
least 3 miles from 3000 feet altitude.
M583A1 White M661 Green M662 Red

U.S. Army photo U.S. Army photo U.S. Army photo
627x477, 65K, JPEG 626x477, 63K, JPEG 627x477, 64K, JPEG
M585 40mm White Star Cluster Cartridge

Complete Round
Type White Star Cluster
Unit Cost $48 (Fiscal Year 2005), $46 (FY 2008)
Length 5.268 in (133.8 mm)
Projectile
Color White with black markings
Filler 85 g illumination composition (each pellet 17 g)
Fuze None
Case Components
Cartridge Case M195
Performance
Arming Range N/A
Average Candlepower 55,000

Burn Time 5 seconds minimum
Use:
The M585 cartridge is designed for illumination and signaling with less
weight and bulk and greater accuracy than comparable hand-held
signals. This item is Code A, approved for service use. This is a
training standard item used in both training and combat.
Description:
The projectile has a one piece, hollow aluminum body with a rotating
band. A plastic ogive, embossed with a raised "W" for night
identification of payload color and five raised dots to identify a cluster
round, is snapped into an O-ring in the front opening of the projectile
cavity. The cavity contains an illuminant candle assembly of five white
star charges and a black powder ejection charge. The star charges are
contained in phenolic-coated Kraft paper and mounted on a base plug
of similar material over the ejection charge. A 5 second delay
pyrotechnic ignition charge is fitted into the center of the projectile
base.
The projectile assembly is fitted into the cartridge case. The case is a
hollow bi-chambered cylinder with a metal closing plug crimped into
the base of the cartridge case. The propellant cup is sealed at the
bottom by the closing plug. The cup acts as a high-pressure chamber,
and the cavity surrounding the cup in the cartridge case acts as a low-
pressure chamber. A percussion primer is crimped into a center
opening in the closing plug.
Functioning:
chamber. The pressure ruptures the propellant cup and the gas
pressure escapes through the vents into the low-pressure chamber.
The expanding gases propel the projectile through the launcher tube
with a muzzle velocity of 76 mps and reaches a burst altitude of 550
feet at a quadrant elevation of 85°. The burning propellant also ignites
the delay element in the base of the projectile. Within 4 to 5 seconds
after firing, the delay element ignites the ejection charge. The ejection
charge ignites the star charges and blows the candle assembly out
through the top of the projectile body.
The individual stars burn for approximately 7 seconds during free fall
and produce 55,000 candlepower.
and produce 55,000 candlepower.
M585 White Star Cluster

U.S. Army photo
625x477, 60K, JPEG
M651 Tactical CS Cartridge
Complete Round
Type CS
Unit Cost ?
Projectile
Color Gray projectile with red markings and red band
Filler 57 g CS-pyrotechnic mixture

Case Components
Cartridge Case ?
Propellant ?
Primer Percussion
Performance
Maximum Accurate Range 656 ft (200 m)
CS Burn Time 20 to 30 seconds
Area Coverage 144 yd² (120 m²)
Use:
Though it is a multipurpose round, the M651 is most effective for riot
control and in military operations on urbanized terrain (MOUT). This
chemical round is used to drive the enemy from bunkers or enclosed
positions in built-up areas. It produces a white cloud of CS gas on
impact.
Description:
The M651 cartridge is similar in appearance to other 40mm cartridges
but has a flat nose. Two ridges act as projectile rotating bands when
the round is fired. The cartridge case contains a percussion primer and
has six equally spaced notches located around the cartridge case
base. The 1/4 inch wide red band on the gray projectile indicates that
the CS filling is a non-persistent-effect irritant agent. The round is filled
with about 2 ounces (57 g) of CS pyrotechnic mix containing
approximately 0.75 ounces (21 g) of CS.
Effect:
Maximum accuracy is obtained at ranges up to 219 yards (200 m).
Area targets may be engaged up to 437 yards (400 m). This projectile
can penetrate window glass or up to 3/4 inch (19 mm) thick pine at
656 feet (200 m) and still release CS. The projectiles will also function
against other materials such as earth, gravel, brush, sandbags, and
bamboo. Following impact, a cloud of CS is emitted for approximately
25 seconds. Area coverage: approximately 144 square yards (120
square meters). Two cartridges effectively placed will incapacitate
95% of unmasked personnel in an enclosure of 15 by 30 by 20 feet
within 60 seconds after functioning.
Firing the M651 cartridge into water will increase the dud rate and
Firing the M651 cartridge into water will increase the dud rate and
decrease the amount of CS cloud disseminated. The M651 cartridges
are not explosive rounds; however, a malfunctioning projectile may
explode upon target impact.
M676 40mm Yellow Smoke Canopy Cartridge

M680 40mm White Smoke Canopy Cartridge
M682 40mm Red Smoke Canopy Cartridge
Complete Round
Type Smoke Canopy
Unit Cost ?
Length 5.212 in (132.4 mm)
Projectile
Color Light green with black markings
Filler Smoke composition. M676: 59 g yellow. M680: 59 g white. M682: 80 g red.
Fuze None
Case Components
Cartridge Case M195

Performance
Arming Range N/A
Smoke Burn Time 90 seconds minimum
Use:
This cartridge is designed for accurately marking the position of a man
or unit located beneath moderately thick foliage for aerial observation.
The cartridge has the advantage of less weight and bulk and greater
accuracy than comparable existing signals.
Description:
The projectile is a hollow, one-piece aluminum body with a rotating

band. A plastic ogive is snapped into an O-ring in the front opening of
the projectile cavity. The color of the ogive denotes smoke color. The
cavity contains a pyrotechnic ignition candle and an aluminum
canister containing yellow smoke composition attached to a rotating
"X" type parachute. A 2 second ignition delay element is crimped into
the center of the metal delay carrier. The delay carrier is threaded into
the projectile base. A cavity about the delay element contains an
ejection charge pellet consisting of 1.2 grams of black powder. The
igniter and smoke canister are seated above the ejection charge in the
projectile cavity.
The projectile assembly is press-fitted into an O-ring in the cartridge

case opening. The case is a hollow aluminum bi-chambered cylinder
with a metal closing plug crimped into the base of the cartridge case.
The propellant cup is sealed in the bottom by the closing plug. A
percussion primer is fitted into the center of the closing plug. The cup
acts as a high-pressure chamber, and the cavity around the cup in the
cartridge case acts as a low-pressure chamber.
Functioning:
chamber. This pressure causes the propellant cup to rupture, forcing
the gases to escape through the vent holes into the low-pressure
chamber to propel the projectile through the launcher barrel with a
muzzle velocity of 76 mps and reaches a burst altitude of 300 feet at a
muzzle velocity of 76 mps and reaches a burst altitude of 300 feet at a
quadrant elevation of 85°. Concurrently, the propellant gases ignite a 2
second delay element in the base of the projectile.
The rotating band engages the rifling in the launcher barrel to impart a
spin of 3,750 rpm to the projectile. Approximately two seconds after
firing, the delay element ignites the ejection charge. The ejection
charge ejects the smoke canister and parachute assembly out the top
of the projectile body and simultaneously ignites the smoke candle.
The parachute deploys upon ejection. The smoke canister descends

emitting a 90 second smoke signal and becomes entangled in the
dense foliage by means of the "X" type parachute.
M713 40mm Red Smoke Ground Marker Cartridge

M715 40mm Green Smoke Ground Marker Cartridge
M716 40mm Yellow Smoke Ground Marker Cartridge
Complete Round
Type Smoke Ground Marker
Unit Cost ?
Projectile
Body Material Aluminum
Color Light green with black markings
Filler 75 g smoke composition
Fuze M733 impact pyrotechnic
Case Components
Cartridge Case M118
Primer FED 100 percussion
Performance
Arming Range 50 - 150 ft (15 - 45 m)
Smoke Burn Time 17 seconds minimum
Use:
Use:
These rounds are not for screening. They are used for aerial
identification and for marking the location of soldiers on the ground.
The difference among the models is the color of the smoke.
Description:
The cartridges consist of a cartridge case, a projectile with pyrotechnic
smoke payload, and a pyrotechnic impact fuze.
The projectiles utilize a one-piece aluminum body ogive and a steel

base. The payload consists of a pyrotechnic smoke mixture pressed
into the body-ogive with a cylindrical cavity in the center. The fuze is
cemented to the base of the projectile and protrudes into the
cylindrical cavity of the smoke mixture. The fuze is designed to arm at
a minimum of 15 meters and a maximum of 45 meters from the
muzzle of the weapon.
The cartridge case is a dual-chambered aluminum container housing a

brass propellant cup. The propellant cup is held in the case by a
crimped base plug which provides a pressure-type waterproof seal.
The base plug houses a percussion primer.
Functioning:
Upon firing the primer ignites the propelling charge. In turn, the
projectile is accelerated down the launcher barrel where a spin of
3,750 rpm is imparted by the barrel rifling. A muzzle velocity of
approximately 250 fps is attained.
In addition to launching the projectile, the propellant gases ignite the

first fire mixture of the fuze in the base of the projectile. The first fire
mixture ignites a high-temperature transfer mixture contained in the
steel cup. The transfer mixture burns during the first 15 meters of
projectile flight. When the projectile is between 15 and 45 meters from
the launcher muzzle, heat transfer through the steel cup ignites the
delay mixture.
Upon impact, the delay casing breaks and the burning portion flies
forward out of the fuze support, contacting and igniting the
pyrotechnic smoke mixture. Ignition of the smoke mixture causes a
buildup of pressure which dislodges the fuze support at the aft end of
the projectile thus allowing smoke to be emitted at the aft end of the
projectile. Projectile impact prior to the minimum arming distance (15
meters) results in a dud. Between 15 and 45 meters from the launcher
muzzle, the fuze may or may not function on impact. In the event the
fuze fails to function upon impact, the output mixture provided in the
front end of the delay casing acts as a backup to the impact feature.
front end of the delay casing acts as a backup to the impact feature.
When the flame reaches this point (8 to 10 seconds after launch) the
output mixture flashes and ignites the smoke mixture.
M781 40mm Practice Cartridge
Complete Round
Type Practice
Unit cost $5 (Fiscal Year 2005), $7 (FY 2010)
Projectile
Body Material Zinc or aluminum
Color Blue with white markings
Filler Orange dye
Fuze None
Case Components
Cartridge Case M212
Primer Commercial 1-1/2 percussion

Performance
Arming Range N/A
Use:
The M781 cartridge is a fixed, practice type ammunition. The M781
replaced the M407 practice cartridge. This item is Code A, approved
for service use. This is a training unique item; not used in combat.
Description:
This cartridge is a fixed round of ammunition consisting of a metal
projectile body with a rotating band and a cartridge case assembly.
A hollow plastic ogive is filled with a high visibility yellow-orange dye.
The projectile assembly is attached to a cartridge case with an

attached adhesive substance. The case is a hollow bi-chambered
plastic cylinder. A .38 caliber blank cartridge is press-fitted into the
base of the cartridge case and provides the gas pressure needed to
propel the projectile through the launcher barrel.
Functioning:
The weapon firing pin strikes the .38 caliber blank cartridge primer
igniting the propelling charge. The burning propelling charge generates
sufficient pressure to release the expanding propellant gases through
the vent hole into the low-pressure chamber. The rotating band around
the projectile engages the rifling in the launcher tube imparting a spin
of 3,600 rpm to the projectile.
The pressure created by the expanding propellant gases in the low-

pressure chamber, forces the projectile through the tube with a
Upon impact with the target, the frangible ogive ruptures and releases
the dye causing a puff of yellow-orange smoke which simulates
explosive impact.
M781 Practice
U.S. Army photo
597x478, 48K, JPEG
M992 40mm Infrared Illuminant Cartridge
Complete Round
Type IR Star Parachute
Classification Date February 96
Unit Cost $94 (Fiscal Year 2010)
Length 5.272 in (133.9 mm)
Projectile
Color White with black markings, orange band
Filler 50 g Illumination composition
Fuze None
Case Components
Cartridge Case M195

Performance
Burst height 600 ft (183 m)
Arming Range N/A
Maximum Visible Candlepower 350
Burn Time 30 seconds minimum
Use:
The M992 infrared illuminant cartridge will enhance night visibility
while using night vision devices. This item is Code A, approved for
service use.
Description:
The projectile has a one-piece, hollow aluminum body with a metal

rotating band. A plastic ogive, embossed with a raised letter for night
identification of payload, is snapped into an O-ring in the front opening
of the projectile cavity. The cavity contains a pyrotechnic flare candle
assembly, and an integral ignition/ejection charge attached to a 20
inch diameter parachute. The projectile has a 4 to 5 second delay
ignition element crimped into the center opening of a metal delay
carrier.
The projectile is press-fitted into an O-ring in the front opening of the

cartridge case. The case is a hollow bi-chambered cylinder with a
metal closing plug crimped into the base of the cartridge case. The
propellant cup is sealed on the bottom by the closing plug. The cup
acts as a high-pressure chamber, and the cavity in the case
surrounding the cup acts as a low-pressure chamber. A percussion
primer is crimped into a center opening in the closing plug.
Functioning:
chamber. This pressure ruptures the propellant cup, and the pressure
escapes through the vent holes into the low-pressure chamber,
propelling the projectile forward with the velocity required to reach the
burst altitude. The burning propellant also ignites the 5 second delay
element in the base of the projectile.
The rotating band engages the rifling in the launcher tube to impart a
spin of 3,750 rpm to the projectile. At the end of the delay, the delay
element ignites the ejection charge. The ejection charge ignites the
element ignites the ejection charge. The ejection charge ignites the
candle and blows the candle assembly out through the top of the
projectile body.
The attached parachute deploys upon ejection to lower the candle at 7

feet per second. The candle burns for approximately 40 seconds. The
candle functions at an altitude of 500 to 700 feet when fired vertically.
M1006 40mm Non-Lethal (Sponge Grenade) Cartridge
Complete Round
Type Non-Lethal
Classification Date April 1999
Unit Cost $23 (2003)
Projectile
Ogive Material Foam rubber
Ogive Color Green
Body Material High density plastic
Body Color Black
Filler None
Fuze None
Weight 0.06 pounds (0.0285 kg)
Case Components
Cartridge Case M212
Propellant 130 mg Winchester mix
Primer Percussion
Performance
Engagement Range 33 - 164 ft (10 - 50 m)
Muzzle Velocity 265 ±20 fps (81 ±6 mps)
Arming Range N/A
Use:
The M1006 is used to incapacitate personnel without penetrating the
person's body. It is used for riot control, policing and peace keeping
situations. This round is most effective against individually selected
targets (point round). Do not skip fire this round! Round becomes
targets (point round). Do not skip fire this round! Round becomes
unpredictable upon striking the ground. This item is Code A, approved
for Service use.
Description:
The cartridge is a fixed round of
ammunition consisting of a
projectile assembly and a
cartridge case assembly.
The projectile has a foam rubber

nose and a high density plastic
body.
The projectile assembly is

attached to the cartridge case by
an adhesive. The cartridge case is
a hollow bi-chambered plastic
cylinder. Into the base of the
cartridge case is pressed an
aluminum insert which holds a
brass 32 caliber case. The brass
case holds the propellant and primer.
Functioning:
The weapon pin strikes the primer igniting the propelling charge. The
burning propelling charge generates sufficient pressure to release the
expanding propellant gases through the vent hole into the low-
pressure chamber.
pressure, created by the expanding gases in the low-pressure
chamber, forces the projectile through the tube with a velocity of 265
feet per second.
Upon impact with an individual, force is generated to incapacitate

without causing a fatality.
Effect:
Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 10
meters. Beyond 50 meters, the kinetic energy dissipates to the point
where the round becomes ineffective.
M1029 40mm Crowd Dispersal Cartridge

M1029 40mm Crowd Dispersal Cartridge
Complete Round
Type Non-Lethal
Classification
May 2001
Date
Unit Cost $17 (Fiscal Year 2008)
Projectile
Body Material N/A
Color White cap
48 black hard rubber 48-caliber

Filler
balls
Fuze None
Case Components
Cartridge Case ?
Propellant 0.58 g
Primer Percussion
Performance
Maximum
328 ft (100 m)
Range
Effective Range 50 - 100 ft (15 - 30 m)
Muzzle Velocity 375 ±25 fps (114 ±8 mps)

Arming Range N/A
Use:
The M1029 Crowd Dispersal Cartridge (CDC) is used to incapacitate
personnel without any penetrations to the individual's body. It is used
for riot control, policing, and peace keeping situations. This direct fire,
low-hazard, non-shrapnel-producing, multiple ball projectile provides
friendly forces the capability to conduct crowd control. The CDC uses
non-lethal, blunt trauma to stop, confuse, disorient, and/or temporarily
incapacitate personnel and increase standoff distance between
friendly forces and the hostile crowd. Primarily designed as an area
effect munition, the CDC can be used on individuals.
Description:
The CDC is an aluminum cartridge of similar proportions to standard
40mm illuminant cartridges, but with no separate cartridge case. A
fiberboard sleeve and plastic cover contain the internal non-lethal
payload which consists of 48 black hard rubber 48-caliber balls.
Functioning:
When the primer is struck by the firing pin, expanding gases from the
propellant push against the gas seal. This causes the fiberboard
sleeve to push the upper wad down the muzzle and expel the rubber
balls.
Effect:
Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 10 m.
Beyond 30 meters the kinetic energy dissipates until the rubber balls
become ineffective.
Last updated: 25-FEB-2010: Major revision using data and art from TM 43-0001-28, TM 3-1310-243-10.
Copyright ©2005-2010 Gary W. Cooke
To the best of my knowledge all military data and images presented in these pages are UNCLASSIFIED, NON-
SENSITIVE, and approved for public release.
Sources:
FM 3-11: Flame, Riot Control Agents, and Herbicide Operations, August 1996. M651 data.
FM 3-19.15: Civil Disturbance Operations, April 2005. M1006, M1029 pictures and data.
FM 3-22.31: 40-mm Grenade Launcher, M203, March 2007. M781 art.
MCWP 3-35.3: U.S. Marine Corps Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT). M433 penetration data.
TM 3-1310-243-10: M651 Operator's Manual, January 1975.
TM 9-1010-205-10: M79 Operator's Manual, June 1992.
TM 9-1010-221-10: M203/M203A1 Operator's Manual, August 2001.
TM 9-1300-251-34&P Rev. 11: Artillery Ammunition Maintenance Manual, 2008.
TM 43-0001-28: Army Ammunition Data Sheets for Artillery Ammunition, C15, October 2006.
U.S. Army RDECOM 2009 Grenade Ammunition Panel Papers briefs.
U.S. Army RDECOM "Product Improvement 40mm Ammunition," May 2005.
U.S. Army RDECOM "XM1158 - 40mm Proximity Fuze - EXPLOSIVE TRAIN," May 2009.
U.S. ARMY/RDECOM-ARDEC "Baselining of the 40mm Family of Ammunition,".
2005, 2009, 2010 Army Procurement of Ammunition Budget Estimates.
U.S. Army Cannon Caliber Ammunition Branch website.

40mm Low-Velocity Grenades

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40mm Low-Velocity Grenades

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40mm Low-Velocity Grenades

Gary's U.S. Infantry Weapons Reference Guide

40mm grenade launcher ammunition.

3.89 in (98.8 0.503 lb 8 - 10 ft (2.4 - Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

3.89 in (98.8 0.50 lb 8 - 10 ft (2.4 -

3.89 in (98.8 0.50 lb 45 - 90 ft (14 Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

M397, 4.05 in 0.51 lb 45 - 90 ft (14 Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

3.894 in 0.503 lb 45 - 90 ft (14 Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

3.894 in 0.50 lb 45 - 90 ft (14

Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

3.89 in (98.8 0.503 lb 8 - 10 ft (2.4 - Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

White Star 5.268 in 0.41 lb

4.57 in 0.63 lb 33 - 98 ft (10

Green Star 5.272 in 0.49 lb 8,000 candlepower. 656 ft (200 meters) in

Red Star 5.272 in 0.49 lb 20,000 candlepower. 656 ft (200 meters) in

IR Star 5.272 in 0.49 lb Max visible candlepower: 350.

4.8 in (121.9 0.47 lb

M381 40mm HE Cartridge

Length 3.89 in (98.8 mm)

Weight 0.503 lb (0.23 kg)

Body Material Aluminum skirt and steel wire ball

Color Olive drab with yellow markings, yellow ogive

Fuze M552 point detonating

Cartridge Case M118

Primer M42 percussion

Maximum Range 1,312 ft (400 m)

Muzzle Velocity 250 fps (76 mps)

Arming Range 8 - 10 ft (2.4 - 3 m)

Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

The projectile has a hollow, one-piece aluminum body containing

The projectile assembly is press-fitted into a cartridge case. The case

M382 40mm Practice Cartridge

Classification Date 1964

Length 3.89 in (98.8 mm)

Weight 0.50 lb (0.23 kg)

Body Material Aluminum skirt and steel ball

Color Olive drab with yellow markings

Filler 4.54 g inert yellow dye

Fuze M552 point detonating

Cartridge Case M118

Maximum Range 1,312 ft (400 m)

Muzzle Velocity 250 fps (76 mps)

Arming Range 8 - 10 ft (2.4 - 3 m)

Danger Radius 66 ft (20 m)

A hollow, aluminum ogive is fitted to the front end of the projectile.

The projectile assembly is press-fitted into the cartridge case. The

M386 40mm HE Cartridge

Length 3.89 in (98.8 mm)

Weight 0.503 lb (0.23 kg)

Body Material Aluminum skirt and steel ball

Color Olive drab with yellow markings, yellow ogive

Fuze M551 point detonating

Cartridge Case M118

Maximum Range 1,312 ft (400 m)

Muzzle Velocity 250 fps (76 mps)

Arming Range 45 - 90 ft (14 - 27 m)

Casualty radius: 427 ft (130 m)

A steel ball-shaped assembly containing the high explosive charge is

M397 40mm HE (Jump-Up Fragmentation) Cartridge

Length 4.05 in (102.9 mm)

Weight 0.51 lb (0.23 kg)

Body Material Aluminum skirt and steel ball

Color Olive drab with yellow markings, yellow ogive

Fuze M536 point detonating