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    3 views9 pages

    Lab01 PDF

    Uploaded by

    bob

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    16. STANDARDIZATION OF A BASE INTRODUCTION Sometimes the exact concentration of a solution must be known. Due to many factors it is very difficult to prepare a solution of exact concentration. Some of these factors include the difficulty of ensuring the sample's purity. This may be due to absorption of water by hygroscopic substances or other types of contamination. Volumetric analysis is one of the most useful analytical techniques to accurately determine the concentration of unknown substances. Its fairly rapid and very good accuracy can be obtained. A volumetric analysis is typically performed by conducting a titration. Inatitration, the substance to be tested or analyzed is reacted with a reagent of known concentration. Titration Is the process of measuring the volume of one reagent required to react with a measured volume or mass of another reagent. The titration in this laboratory procedure is based on a neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. Neutralization involves the reaction of an acid and base to form a salt and water. In the titration, the point of neutralization, called the end-point, is observed when an indicator, placed in the solution being titrated, changes color. The indicator selected is one that changes calor when the stoichiometric (equal) quantity of base (based on the balanced chemical equation) has been added to the acid. A solution of phenolphthalein, an ‘organic acid, is used as the indicator in this experiment. Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions. In this experiment we will determine the molarity of a base (NaOH) solution from data obtained by titrating with ‘a known mass of an acid, KHCsH;O, (potassium hydrogen phthalate). From the data collected in the titration, the concentration of NaOH can be calculated. This commonly used procedure is called standardization. ‘The structure of potassium hydrogen phthalate, also known as KHP, is shown in Figure 1. ° ° I ‘on - ° Ke +H ork on T ¢ ° HKcoHOs KGaHuOe Basic solution: hydrogen fon is released (KHP is ionized) Acidic solution: hydrogen fon is not released {KHP is unionized) Figure 1: KHP Structure While it contains many hydrogen atoms, KHP has only one hydrogen per molecule that can be released into water. It Is this acidic hydrogen that reacts with the hydroxide ion of NaOH in the neutralization reaction, ‘Therefore, 1 mole of KHP reacts with 1 mole of NaOH, as shown below. 9 9 om Sonat at aon ef a) ok Auer ° 8 Standardization of a Base Page 131 Since the mass of KHP is known in this titration, the number of moles of KHP and therefore the number of moles of NaOH can be calculated. Since the exact volume of NaOH necessary to reach the end point is determined experimentally in the titration, the concentration of NaOH (in molarity) can be determined, Use the following steps to aid you in this calculation: Determine the number of moles of KHP. The molar mass of KHP is 204.2 g/mole. of KHP ) x LOE TE moles of KHP mass (ingrams) x Sry map = moles ot 2. Use the mole ratio, from thé balanced chemical equation, to determine the number of moles of NaOH. ‘Lmole NaOH a f moles of KHP x

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