TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS

Treaties – A treaty is an agreement under international laws entered into by actors in

international law.

A convention, in the sense of a meeting, is a gathering of individuals who meet at an arranged

place and time in order to discuss or engage in some common interest.

Protocols – The official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic
occasions.

Name Purpose Signed Organisation

Multilateral
Vienna Framework on protection of
1988 environment
convention ozone layer
agreement

Ramsar Framework for

convention on conservation of wetlands 1971 –
wetlands and their resources

Convention on
International Protection of wild animals International union
Trades in and plants from illegal trade 1963 of conservation of
Endangered to save their life nature
Species

Set emission target for

Kyoto protocol 1997 UNFCC
developed countries

Montreal Agreement to protect

ozone layer by phasing out 1987 –
protocol
production and consumtoin
of ozone depleting
 substances

Protection o human health

Minamata United nation
and environment from 2013
convention treaty
harmful effect of mercury

Conservation of migratory United Nations

Bonn convention
species of wild animals Environment
1983 Programme

United Nations
To stabilize greenhouse
framework Intergovernmental
gas concentration in 1992
convention on treaty
atmosphere
climate change

Basel to reduce the movements

1989 –
convention of hazardous waste

Stockholm
To eliminate or restrict the
convention on
use and production of Stockholm,
persistent 2001
persistent organic Sweden
organic
pollutants
pollutants

Prevention from toxic

Benzene
substances arising from 1971 –
convention
benzene

For rights and

responsibilities of nations
United nation
for the use of ocean water
convention on 1982 –
and established guidelines
law of the sea
for marine natural
resources

Conservation of biological
Convention on
diversity and sustainable
Biological 1993 –
use of components of
diversity
biological diversity
 To
combat desertification and
Convention of
mitigate the effects of 1994 United Nation
desertification
drought through national
action programs

Protection of United Nation

Barcelona
Mediterranean Sea from 1976 Environmental
convention
pollution Programme

the Prior Informed Consent

Procedure for Certain
Rotterdam United Nation
Hazardous Chemicals and 1998
convention treaty
Pesticides in International
Trade

Access to genetic
resources and fair and
equitable sharing of Second protocol
Nagoya Protocol 2010
benefits arising from their on CBD
utilisation to the convention
on biological diversity

Protect biological diversity

Cartagena from the risks posed by First protocol on
2000
protocol genetically modified CBD
organisms

Agreement between the

UN Environemt’s
Nairobi parties to work for
1985 Regional Seas
declaration prosperity of western Indian
Programme
ocean region

Set of ethics for human

Helsinki
experimentation developed 1964 –
declaration
for medical community

Prohibition of the Use in

War of Asphyxiating,
Geneva protocol Poisonous or other Gases, 1925 –
and of Bacteriological
Methods of Warfare