Chapter 6 W Kuntjoro

Plane Element - Constant Strain Triangle

2-D In-Plane Problem
F F

The simplest 2-D element is the membrane

Plate with hole under in-plane axial load
element. Membrane elements can transfer
only in-plane loads. There is no out of plane F1
loads in membrane elements.
As a consequence, membrane elements can
carry only in-plane stresses and can not F2
transfer bending moment or torsion.
Thin plate under in-plane loads

Spanner under line pressure

load
Chapter 6 W Kuntjoro

Plane Element - Constant Strain Triangle

Triangular Element

F1
F1

F2
F2

Modeling of a structure using triangular 2-D elements.

 Chapter 6 W Kuntjoro

Plane Element - Constant Strain Triangle

Plane Stress / Plane Strain
z y

Strain-displacement
x 
   Bd 
T

     y    u v u v 
 or
   x y y x  x

 xy  A plate under in-plane loading

Stress-strain
   D 
Plane stress Plane strain

   
1  0 1   0 
E  
D   1 0  D  E
  1  0 
1  
2
1   1   1  2   1  2 
 0 0   0 0 
 2   2 
Chapter 6 W Kuntjoro

Plane Element - Constant Strain Triangle

Element Equation
 f1x   k11 k12 k13 k14 k15 k16  u1 
3 f  
 1 y  k 21 k 22 k 23 k 24 k 25 k 26   v1 
y  f 2 x  k31 k32 k33 k34 k35 k36  u2 
   
 f 2 y  k 41 k 42 k 43 k 44 k 45 k 46  v2 
 f 3 x  k51 k52 k53 k54 k55 k56  u3 
1     
 f 3 y  k61 k62 k63 k64 k65 k66   v3 
x 2
{f} = [k] {d}

Element stiffness matrix, k

k    BT DB dV k   t  BT DB dx dy k   tABT DB
V A

element of constant thickness t

Chapter 6 W Kuntjoro

Plane Element - Constant Strain Triangle

Element Equation y m(xm,ym)

u x, y   N i ui  N j u j  N mum 
     
 v  x , y   N i vi  N j v j  N m v 

Ni 
1
 i   i x   i y  i(xi, yi)
2A
j(xj,yj)
Nj 
1
 j   j x   j y 
2A x
A discretize triangular element.
Nm 
1
 m   m x   m y 
2A
2 A  xi y j  ym   x j  ym  yi   xm yi  y j 

 i  x j ym  y j xm  j  xm yi  ym xi  m  xi y j  yi x j
 i  yi  ym  j  y m  yi  m  yi  y j
 i  xm  x j  j  xi  xm  m  x j  xi
 Chapter 6 W Kuntjoro

Plane Element - Constant Strain Triangle

Element Equation y m(xm,ym)

B  Bi Bj Bm 
 i 0  j 0  m 0
  1  
1  i(xi, yi)
 i 
1 
Bi    0 Bj  0 j Bi    0  m 
2A 
j(xj,yj)
2A 2A
 i  i   j  j   m  m 
 x
A discretize triangular element.

   Bd 
 ui 
v 
 di  i 0 j 0 m 0  i 
  u j 
   Bi Bj 
 
Bm  d j     1  0 i 0 j 0  m  
d  2A  vj 
 i i j j m m 
 m  u m 
 
vm 