The bending of light rays as it hits a medium of different optical can produce an

image it depends on what type of lens are used either convex lens or converging lens and
the concave lens or diverging lens. The thin lens equation is mainly used for this experiment
which is the reciprocal of the object distance plus the reciprocal of the image distance
equals to the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. The sign convention of the focal
length varies: (+) positive if it is a converging/convex lens or (-) negative if it is a
diverging/concave lens.

Another equation used is the magnification where in it is the ratio of the image
height to the object height. If the sign for magnification is (+) the image produced has the
same orientation of the object, if (-) the image produce is opposite to the orientation of the
object. If m is greater than 1 the image is enlarged, if m is equal to the image is the same
size as the object, and if m is less than 1 the image appears smaller than the object.