By 1008, Davy had assembled 2,000 pairs of plates. With this battery, he created electric arcs and ‘succeeded in extracting the elements like barium, calcium and magnesium from their compounds. Thus, electricity took a front seat in exploring the nature of matter. ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE ‘The property of a substance by virtue of which it ‘opposes the flow of electric current through it is termed as electrical resistance. Electrical resistance depends on the size, geometry, temperature and internal structure of the conductor We known that, v, = &E. eva “me °° fete P Is called resistivity (it is also called specific 1 5. Is called resistance), and p = ni conductivity. Therefore current in conductors is proportional to potential diference applied across its ends. This is Ohm's Law. Units: g—0-'m-1 ‘also called siemens m' 10. If a copper wire is stretched to make its radius decrease by 0.15%, Find the pereentage increase in resistance (approximately) ‘Sol. Due to stretching resistance changes are in the ratio rela] 0.15% = 0.60% JEFFECT OF STRETCHING OF A WIRE ON RESISTANCE) In stretching, the density of wire usually does not change, Therefore Volume before stretching = Volume atter stretching If information of lengths before and after stretching Nee i oven, hon use t= £2 conpuctivmry (2) Reciprocal of resistivity of a conductor is called its conductivity. It is generally represented by 1 by o= wony (© Unit : ohm~.metre™* [EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON RESISTANCE [AND RESISTIVITY The resistance of a conductor depends upon the temperature, As the temperature increases, the random motion of free electrons also increases. I the number density of charge carrier electrons Temains constant as in the case of a conductor, then the increase of random motion increases the resistivly. The variation of resistance with temperature is given by the following relation Ry =Roll+at+ pt) - PAGE #7