Solutions Manual Elements of Electromagnetics FIFTH EDITION Matthew N.O. Sadiku Prairie View A&M University Prepared by: Sudarshan Nelatury Pennsylvania State University ‘New York Oxford Oxford University Press 2010Pres In, publishes works that frther Oxford University’s ‘objective of excellence ir research, scholarship, and education. (Oxford New York ‘Auckland Cape Town Dares Salaam Hong Kong. Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid: Melboume ‘Mexico City" Nairobi New Delhi" Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in ‘Argentina Ausra ruil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guntemala ‘Hungary. Ialy_Jepan Poland Portugal Singapore South Koes Switzedan! Thailand. Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. 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Library of Congress Caaloging-in-Publiction Data ISBN 978-0-19.973376.9 Printing number: 98 765433 2 Printed inthe United Stats of America ‘on cid-fre paperContents Exercise Solutions (Chapters 1-14) Problem Solutions (Chapters 1-14)A+B =(1,0,3)+(5,2,-6) = (6,2,-3) [4+ Bl= 364449 =7 5A-B =(5,0,15)-(5,2,-6)= (0,-2,21) ‘The component of A along ayis Ay=0 3A+B =(3,09)+ (5,2,-6)=(8,2,3) A unit vector parallel to this vector is 82,3) Joavasd (0.91174, +0.2279a, +0.3419a,) PE. 1.2 (a) 1, =a,-3a, +5q, my = 3a, +8a, (&) _Thedistance vector is Fon = Fa Mo = 0,3,8)-(2,4,6) =—2a, (©) The distance between Q and R is Ir EV4414 =3 P.E.1.3 Consider the figure shown on the next page: 40 Mz = Up + ty =-3504, Ble +a,) =-378.28a, +28.28a, ke/hr or 4, =379.3.2175.72° km/hr Where up = velocity of the airplane in the absence of wind tty = wind velocity uu, = observed velocityV10J65 “V0 PLELLS (E-F)F _-10(4,-10, OE, =(E-e,)a, = EPI - =10l6-105) IFT 141 =-0.2837a, +0.7092a, -0.3546a, i a, 4, ()ExF=|0 3 4|=(55,16,-12) 4-10 5 a,,¢ = + (0.9398,0.2734,-0.205) |P-E.1.6 | a+6+c=O showing that a, b, and c form the sides of a triangle. a-b=0, hence it is a right angle triangle. Area = Slax =F)oxe]= eral aeedf Spee Area = (92094144 =| P.E.L7 | AR = mY Horny + = 125+4+4 64 =9.644 (b)rp =r + Alte, ~ 7) =(1.2,-3)+ AC-5,-2,8) (1-54,2-24,-3 +84). i | (c) The shortest distance is i d= PPsind =|PP, xay,,| L | Ww 1 | = Jal 14-73-27) = 6-3 5 -2 § | 2 | | Probt.t | r= (3,2,2)-(2,4,4) = (5,-2.2) | = -0.8704a, ~ 0.34824, - 0.34824, V25+4+4 | Prob. 1.2 | top = 4a, —Sa, +0 | 4a, -Sa, +a, VI6+25+1 0.6172a, ~0.7715a, +0.1543a, | Prob. 1.3 | 48 =2-0420=22=(3,5,-)-(1,-4,-2)= 24, +90, +4, Prob. 1.5 (@) Let C= A-3B =(4,-2,6)-(36,54,-24) = -32a, ~ 56a, +30a, (b) | Let D=2A+5B = (8,—4,12) + (60,90,—40) = (68,86,-28) | Bl V12? +18 +8? = 23.065 | (pro 298826, 43.7286, 1 2140, la, a, (©) @,xA=|1 0 42 (d) le, @ a, Bxa,=|12 18 O00 2a, +a, ABC) = (1,0,-1o(1,-2,1) =14+0- ) a, =|1 AxB 4, 0 lea 1 (Ax BC = (1,~2,1)0(0,1,2) = 0-242 =0 Prob.1.7 (a) T=(,=2.1) and S = (4,6,2) (b) rs = 1-1 = (4, 6, 2)— (3, -2, 1) = a+ Bayt | (c) distance = |rrs|= vi+64+1 =8.124m | Prob. 1.8 (@) If A and Bare parallel, A=KB, where k is a constant. (@,3,-2) = k(4, 8,8) Equating coefficients gives -2=8k —> a=4k=ud 3=pk —> p=3/ This can also be solved using AX B (b) IFA and B are perpendicular to each other, AeB=0 —> 4a+38-16=0 Prob. 1.9 (@) A-B=ABc0s0,5 AxB=ABsin 0,94, (4-B)'+|4x BP = (4B) (cos? Aye +sin? A,,)=(AB)”a Prob. 1.10 (=) P+O=(6,2,0), P+O-R=(7,1,-2) |P+O-R|= 494144 = V54 = 7.3485 a, a, | 3 2[=2(6-2)+(8+2)~2(4+3)=8+10-14=4 Po la, a, a, QxR=|4 3 2}=(4,-10,7) | HI 1 2 | | P.QxR=(: ~2)-(4,-10,7) =8+10-14 = 4 | la, a i 1@QxP=|4 3 2 =(-4,12,-10) | 2-1 3 1 Qx PR =(-4,12,-10)-(-1,1,2) = 4412-20 =-4 la, a, a, | ae | | or QxP-R=R-QxP=|4 3 2|=-(-6+2)-(-8-4)+2(-4-6)=-4 2-1 2 (@) (PxQ)-(Q*R) =(4,-12,10)-(4,~10,7) = 16 +120 +70 = 206 la, a, a, =|4 -12 10|=16a, +12¢, 4 -10 7 (©) (P*Q)x(QxR) 8a, i | Oye = PR 4) |g 9526 | (0 ©0800 = pial” Javiedvivied ae esPxO|_ V16+144+100 _ a | On = = 0.998 | — [Pol 3Vie+o+4 | Oy = 86.45. | Prob. 1.11 (@) AB = (4,-6,1)4(2,0,5) = 8-045 =13 | AB+2| BP 2134202 fe Let C=AxB=|4 -6 1 /=(-30,-18,12) 20 5 (-30,-18,12) 30 +18? +12? =+(-0.8111 i 080g = ae Were 5 HSI > yy = 120.66" | Prob. 1.13 a If A and Bare parallel, then B=kA and A x B=0, Itis evident that k = -2 and that ja, a, @. AxB=|1 -2 3 2 4 -~4 as expected | Prob. 1.14 0.48674, +0.3244a,)(a) Using the fact that (Ax B)xC =(4-C)B-(B-C)A, we get Ax(Ax B)=~(Ax B)x A =(B- A)A-(A-A)B (ax (ax (ax B))= ax [(arB)a-(a-a)B] | = (AsB) (Ax A)-(AsA) (Ax B) Bi(ax_B) since AxA=0 Prob. 1.15 | Pe Ae as 9 Hence, A-(BxQ = (Ax8)-C | Also, each equals the volume of the parallelopiped formed by the three vectors as sides. | (45,-6) ae =(15,-39,-30) | =(-6.0,-3) |(b) = (-5,2,0)—(1,2,3) = (-6,0,-3) (2,7,-3)-(-5,2,0) =(7,5,-3) (1,2,3)-(2,7,-3) =(-1,-5,6) Note that a +b+0=0 a =angle at P, =cos-!| Cerf Cost) Tato lls | oop #29. coe'| 27] car lallel Yasva|” ™ B=angle at P, =cos"'| “afm ton —too) [py — Fp Il Fp Fa = cos! Sb = 45.81" lellbt ane 7 =angle at P, =eon hp Mt tps) [tq Tyo lpn — Ppa | 7.3: Note that a+ +y =180".| Given 7, =(-1,4,8), 1% =(2,-13), (@) | PQ V9+25+25 = © PI -( POOR ZPOR= is aU (tn (@ Area of triangle PQR = _11.023 (©) Perimeter = 17.31 Prob.1.18 Let R be the midpoint of PQ. {(2,4,-1) + (12,16,9)} = (7,10,4) OR = V49+100+16 = Vi65 =12.845 OR _ 12.845 t= = = 42.82 ms vy 300 | Prob. 1.19 (a) Let P and Q be as shown below: be ZX) |P|=c0s? 6, +sin? 6, =1,|0| = cos? 0, +sin?@, =1, Hence P and Q are unit vectors. () P-2=(1)(1}¢05(6,-6,) But P-Q =cos6, cos0, +sin@, sin®,. Thus, cos(0, -@,)=c0s8 cos, + sin 4, sin 6, Let B, =P =cos0,a, +sinda, and 0, =c0s6,a, ~sin8,a,.— Py and Q, are unit vectors as shown below: yx F,-Q, = WM)cos(4, +8,) But P, -Q, = cos0, cosO, ~sin@, sin8,, c0s(0, +4) = c0s6, cosO, —sind, sind, Alternatively, we can obtain this formula from the previous one by replacing , by -82 in Q ©) | FIP-Ob 51 0sa —cos6,)a, + (sin, —sin@,)a, 1 cos’ 0 , + sin? 0, + cos’, + sin’ 6, ~ 2cos® , cos®. I I = 32 2(e0s0 , cos8, + sinB sind) = 5 J2- 2e0s@,-8,) | Let 6,-6, = 0, the angle between P and Q. Lipo 4 Ji= 20086 2 | But cos 2A = 1-2sin7A. PIP-Ob 52-2 dain? 072 = sin /2Prob. 1.21 @ 7-7-4, =2 5. 2-63)-(L21) Is] V6 (5, =(S-a,)ey = EAE» M6) =-0.2857a, +0.8571a, - 0.42864, Fis} = Oy = 65.91" @ H(3,-2)=6a, +a, +40, a, - bd. 0 Bo+1+16 (b) | Hf 10= Vary +erzy ae or = 0.8242a, +0.1374a, +0.5494a, 100=4x'y? +22 4200-424 424ADB = (~31,2)4(2,-5,1) =-9 |Al= V9=144 = Vi4 |Bl= V4425+1 = V30 AB -9 [ALB] Vi4x30 | One = 11605" | The minimum angle is 180° -0,, = jo | 4-4.) (Acje [(-3,1,2-00,1,9)](@, +4a,) ic 1+16 = 0.52944, +2.118a, C080 yy = = ~0.4392 D= A+2B-3C =(-3,1,2)+(4,-10,2)-3C = (1,-9,4) ~(0,3,12) =a, ~ 124, -1 |@ a, a, al AxB=-3 1 2|=1la,+7a, +130, | 2-51 (Ax BC =(11,7,13)(0,1,4) = 59 | |, 1.24 | At point (1, 2,-4), x=1,y=2,2=-4. A=(2,-2, 16) and B=(3, 6, 1). jo AvB =6-12416 10 > C080 yy = poe 0 Y4+4+2569+36+1 | yy =84.79" | | ' AB = ABCosO yy |e) A, =(Aa, a, =& | Prob. 1.25(-2,1,4)~(1,0,3) = (-3,1,1) At P, H=0a,-la, =a, The scalar component of H along jy is Her, -1 D=Ha, =— "= = 20.3015 i Wg VOe THT = | | prob. 1.26 | @ At (12,3), B= (2,1,6) |B| = V4+1+36 = V41 = 6.403 (b) At (1,2,3), F= (2,-4,6) | F)F _36 Fr = 1.286a, —2.57la, + 3.8574, Ep =(E-ay)ay = = 248) a, a, a. 0 -1 0 i |(@ AUPUL39), —x=1, y=3, 255, p= {ety =V0, 2-5, go tan” y/x=tan™3=71.6 P(p,,2)= P(yI0, tan’! 3,5)= P(3.162716" 5) Spherical system: rete yz = 135-5916 = tan" fx? +»? /z= tan V10/S= tan“ 0.6325 = 3231° P(r,0,9) = P(S.916,32.31°, 71.572) At T(0,-4,3), x=0 y=4, 233; p= ty? = 4,2= 3,p= tan" y/x= tan! 4/0= 270° T(p,9,2) = T(4,270° 3). Spherical system: redetytez =5,0= tan" p/z= tan'4/3= 5313". T(r,8,9) = T(5,5313° 270°). S(p.9,2) = S(,2: ‘Spherical system: rat eyhee =5V5=11.18, 5 6=tan' PY = tan! = 153.43°; tan Pf = tan 715843 S(r,0,9)=S(11.18,153.43°, 233.1 InCylindrical system, p= ve +y; yz=zpsing,Q,|=|-sing cose |] 0}; Q,] [cose sing ola, a2), o o ie 2, -O,corp- PE, 0,=-0,sing FEE +2 Hence, =P cote In Spherical coordinates: 0,=75i08 _ sing; Q, =-rsingsinOrcos0 | =—-rsindcosOsing. 7 Q, | =|cosGcosg cosdsing -sina]| 0 |; Q, sing cosg 0 ja. Q.=Q,sinBcos¢ + O, cos0 = sin? Bcosg — rsinBcos* Asing. 2, =, cosBcos¢ ~ Q, sind = sinBcosOcos¢ + rsin® BcosOsing. Q,=-Q, sing = -sinOsing. | sinOcos¢ sinOsing cosd ][Q, | -- Q=sind(sindeosy—reos* Bsing)a,, + sinBcoscosg + rsinOsing)a, -sindsinga, . Q(x, 2) = $a, + Ba, =0.8a, +2.4a,; 20.9, 2)=$(c0s270°a,~sin 270° ay -3sin270°a, =08a,+2.44,; 4, 45 43, 20 4 27.8.9) 0-Fe(Ma, + MOF Ste 5-Day, 2 © 25°" 25°85 a, a, +4ay = 14a, — 1.924, +084);‘Note, that the magnitude of vector Q= 2.53 inall 3 cases above. PE. 2.2 (a) 4| [cos -sing 0] pzsing =|sing cs¢ 0|| 3pcs¢ A} [0 0 1] |peosdsing A= (pecosdsing—3peos¢sing)a, + (pzsin’ $+3,pc0s’ #)a, + poos¢singa,. But p= +y, tng, cxsp=——, sing= 2; x Ve+y \e+y Substituting allthis yields: Aa line And 4304, sya] ‘B,] [sinOcos¢ cos@cos¢ -sing][ r? B,|=|sinOsing cosOsing cos || 0 8, cos? = -sind «=O [sin Paral Since r= Ja? +y? +27, tano=¥=*” , z vey oz, aad sn I oO aa fos, cos x Very’ x+y’ B,=P sin Ocos¢ ~ sindsing = rx-X = 1(2x-y). ror and sing = B,=r'sinOsing + sinOcosé =ry+~ = Leryn. ror B, =rcos0 = rz =1(r*2). 5 [G2 +? +27) ya, + (WP +y? +27) 4x)4, 4200 +y? +27)a,).P.E23 (@) At (L/3,0), H'=(0,0.06767,1) a, = cosa, -singa, -i«, -V3a,) Hea, (b) At: (1,7 /3,0), ae=cos0a, ~sinda, lan ay 2 Hxa,=|0 0.06767 1] = -0.06767a,, 0 0 1 (©) — (Heap)ay = 0a, la, Hxa, = |0 0.06767 1] = 0.06767 a,. @ o 0 1 | 0.06767 E24 (a) | ASB = (3,2,-6) «(4,03 i 32 = j sca] | =|o=.-330, ~ta. lo 4 o 3 | ‘Thus the magnitude of A x B = 34.48. () | 40, 2/3, Sx/4), O=0/3, | a, c0s0a, ~sindas = ia, Ba,x= poosg = 2c0s30° sing = 2sin30° P(x,y,z) = P.(1.732,1, 5). x=1¢0390° = 0; y= 1sin90° Px, y,2) = F, 0,1, -3). sinOcos¢ = 10sin(x/4)cos(n/3) = 3.535; y=rsinOsing = 10sin(x/4)sin(a/3) =6.124; z=rcosd = 10cos(7r/4) =7.0711 B(x,¥42) = P,G.535, 6.124,7.0711). x=4sin30°c0s60° =1 sin 30°sin 60° =1.7321 2=rcos = 4c0s30° = 3.464 P,(x,y,2) = P,(1,1.7321,3.464). Prob.2.2 |(@) Given _P(1,-4,-3), convert to cylindrical and spherical values; p=\e+y? = VP +CAY = Vi7 = 4.123.20 ‘Spherical: ra x+y +2 =Vi+1649 = 5.099, Pk 4.1 a O=tan'—= = 126.04°. Zz P(r,0,9) = Peootiaent 284.04°). p=3, 2(0,9,2)=2G,0°,5) ra VFO =$831, O=tan" 2 tan? 3096" O(r,0,9) = O(5.831,30.96°,0°) p=V4536=6325, g=tan” 4- 08.4" R(p.$,2) = R(6325,108.4°,0) r= p=6.325, R(r,0,9) = R(6.325,90° 108.4") pax ty? =V4436 = 6.324 = tan? = tan? ®=71.5651° * 2 | Pis (6.324,71.56°,-4) © =e ty? 42? = 6436416 = 7.485 ety = tan! 324 z 4 Pis (7.483,147.69°, 71.56") @= tan" =90° + tan 16: Se 147.69"Prob. 2.4 @ x= poosp =5cos120° =-2.5 y= psing = Ssin120° =4.33 ze Hence Q = 3,1) ) raerye? aVpree = 25+) 099 3 o=tant VEY” tay 2 tan! 52 78.6" Zz Zz 1 $=120° Hence Q =(5.099,78.69°,120°) Prob. 2.5 At P, , O=n/2, g=2/3 @ x=rsin@cos# = 4sin 90° cos60" =2 sin @sing = 4sin 90° sin60° =3.464 cos = 4cos90° = 0 ©) pa yery =rsind=4sin90’ =4, g=2/3, 2=0 Hence Pis (4,2/3,0) Prob. 2.6 @ x= pcos¢, y= psing, V = pzcos¢- p’ singcosg+ pzsing (b) Usxty tz? +y? +227 2 +r? sin’ Asin’ $+2r’ cos’ @ 2{1+sin? Asin” +2cos* 4]22 x Pe F,] [cos sing o}|V? *? D F,|=|-sing cos¢ 0 J * at 0 0 1 verte 4 par 1 = pare" $+ psin’ ] = Jae! Pressing + peosssind =0; ‘i Par 1 renee) In Spherical: sinBoosg sinOsing 00s cosBcos cosOsing —sind -sing csp Via Ie sin? Go0s' + £sin? sin? 6 +4cos9 = r r 5 s ~ ie g S F, =sinBcosBcas?¢ + sindcosOsin? ¢ — 4sino = ir r F, =-sinOcosgsing + sinsingcos¢ = 0; oF = (i? 0440s) +sin6(cos0-“)a, r23 [poe cos sing 0 > 2p’ =|-sing cosg 0||—2P — 0 0 alivete zp Voor 2 2 2 in? e. G,= [pcos? + psin? ¢] = , Vere Ve +2 G, 2 G, = 2 Tiron Spherical : 2 f(a, + ya, +20,)= 7 ) P(,2/2,4)=> p=lo=nl2, 2=4 x= poosp=0, y=psing=1, 2=424 10(0a, +1 p= 10a. 7) 100, ry Prob. 2.9 cosp -sing O][2 sing cos 0|f3 o 0 ala AtP,p=2, g=2/2, z=-1 cos $—3sing = 2c0s90° —3sin 90° sing +3cos¢ = 2sin 90° +3cos90° coss ~sing Of psing ,|=|sing cos¢ 0]! pcos 4} lo 0 1] -2 A, = psingcos¢ — peosgsing = 0 A, = pSin? $+ pos? g 4,=-22 A=\r+y'a, -2za, sin@cosg cosécos¢ -sing] [4rcos¢ sinasing cosdsing cos¢ r cose -sino 0 0 rsindcos? $+rcosOcos¢ rsindsingcos¢+rcosasing B, = Arcosécos¢—rsing|Bur r=x?4+y?+z?, sind= sing = cosg = Very? Very? B,=Ayx? +y? xy May? ay X? + y? B, seg +y? Feel +2), +y{4x-+ 2Ja, +(4x2-%? -y*)a,] 8 =A ry Prob. 2.11 H,] [eos¢ -sing O]| pzsing H,|=| sing cos¢ 0]] ~p(z+1)cos¢ H, 0 oo. ez H, = pzsingcos$ + p(z+1)singcosg H, = pzsin’ $— p(z+Icos’¢ H,=p'z But p=\x'+y’, sme ot H,=2P+y z ete +e He ees z [?-¥e+)] H, =28 Fe =-(e+D x+y? a “Te H,=(2 +y")z DED, [*-¥@+)] + very ety a, +(x" +y")za,26 Prob. 2.12 cosp sing Of yz -sing cos¢ 0] xz 0 0 x F,=yzcosg+xzsing, F,=-yzsing+xzcosg, FF, =x" But x=pcosé, y=psing F, = pzcosgsing + pzcosgsing = pzsin2¢ | F, =-zpsin® 6+ zpcos’ ¢ = pzcos2¢ F.=x' =p? cos'¢ Hence, F = pzsin2ga, + pzcos2pa, + p? cos’ ga, sinOcosd sindsing cos6 J yz cosPcosd cosOsing —sind|! xz -sing cosg Ona xe F, = yzsin@cos¢ + xzsin@sing + x’ cosO F, = yzcosO cos¢ + xzcosOsin gx? sind But x=rsinOcos¢, y=rsinOsing, z=rcos@ F, =r’ sin? @cosOsingcos¢ +r? sin? OcosO sing cos¢ +r? sin? OcosOcos? ¢ ? sin? 8 cosO(sin 29 + cos" ¢) r? sin cos’ Osin ¢cos¢ +r? sin cos? Osingcosg—r? sin? Ocos* ¢ =? sinOcos¢(2cos? Osing—sin? @cos4) 1 cos@sinOsin’ $ +r? cosOsin Ocos’ d =0.5r? sin 20 cos 26 | F=r? sin? 6cos6(sin2¢ + cos” ga, +r? sin cosg(2cos? Asin g sin? Ocos¢)h, ? sin20.cos2ga,27 4, ey =(cospay-singa,)+ay = cosy 4, a4 =(cosga, ~singay)eay = -sing 4, 4, =(singa,+cosga,)*a, = sing a,0a4 =(singay+singa,)oa, = cose (b) and (c) In spherical system : a, = sinOcosga, + cosOcospae—singa,. a, = sinOsinga, + cosOsinga, —cosga,. a, = cos6a,— sin8a,. Hence, 4,04, = sinOcos$; 4,04, = cosOcos 9; a, ea, = sinOsing; ayeay = cosOsing; G,8 Gr = 0088; 4,0a9 = sind; | Prob. 2.14 (a) syeayer = ip ez. es pee @= tan" =; Zz or p= ee ye yr sin? Ocos’ $+ r? sin? sin’ ¢. = rsinds 2 = rcos6; g= 9.28 (b) From the figures below, 2 a, =sinda, + cosOaz; ay =Cos@a,~sinOa,; a, Hence, %! [sine 0 cosol|% | =|coso 0 -sine|} a, 7 o 1 of, From the figures below, ay = COSOa, + SiNBarja, = COSOa, ~sinOa,:a, ™ sin0(-a,)“| [sing cos@ 0] |" a|=| 0 0 I} fas cosd sind 0}) Prob. 2.15 F = Fa,+Fa, + Fay 10-2 F, = Fea, =——=5.657 ' me) Alternatively, R] [ vv? v2 of'fio] [5.657 Fl=-| 0 0 1| |-4]=]8.485 Fy [v2 wy2 0} L2 4 Prob.2.16 If A and Bare perpendicular to each other, A‘B= 0 A+B = p’sin’ $+ p’ cos’ $ -p" =p’ (sin’ $+c0s" $ )-p” pp? =0 As expected, 29. | i | |30 Prob. 2.17 (a) A+B =8a, +2 (6) AB = 15+0- la, a, a. ()AxB=|3 201 50 33 | 16a, +(5+24)a, -10a. =-16a, +294, -10a, | (a) c0s6,, = 4-8 AB 9+ 441N25+" =0.19831 8.56" | Prob. 2.18 (a) A,] [eos -sing O][ pos¢ 4,| =|sing cosé ol] 0 4, 0 0 14 pz? sing A= pcos $= rey e vay Tere = psingcosp= x+y 2 =. ety fxr ey’ a A, = p2?sing = pz? = yz’ Pp | AtG,40) x=3, y=, 2-0;(9, -12a,] sin@cos$ sin@sing cosO 4,|=|-cos@cos$ cosOsing —sin? 4A sing cosy 0 x=rsindcosg, y=rsindsing, z=rcos@, p=rsind. A= iz In? Acost¢ sindcos + r? sin? Ocosgsing rsind rsind FP sindcos? Asingcoso =rsin? Ocos* ¢ + rsin® Asin? ¢cos¢+r° sin@singcos*d A,=rsinOcos? ¢cosdcos¢ + rsindcos¢singcosésing —1? cos? Asingsing} rsin@cos@cos¢—r sindcos? sing =rsin coso{cos¢—rcosésing] sindsing + A, = -1sindcos? gsing +rsindcos¢singcos¢ = 0. _Fsin@[cos¢sind + sin@cos¢sin’ ¢ 4? cos’ Osing]a, 4rsin@cosé{cos¢-r? cos@sindsingla, At B-4,0), r=5,0=m/2, $=306.83 cos$=3/5, sing=~4/5. A= 90* 3+ 500\-4/5)10,+ SUKOa,-sing 0] [ 4, = ont : A 4, ey EF sinocos cosdcosp -sing sinasing cosdsing cos¢|| A, -sn@ oo. I LA, id ee Yinme ye? fety? PoE +2 cr = [* ’ berry? Ve ¥ +2 “Yay ez? : Prob. 2.20 (a) Using the results in Prob.2.14, A,= pesing =r? sinOcosOsing A, = 3p cos = 3r sinBcosd A, = poosgsing = rsindcosgsing Hence, A,| [sind 0 cos@ |[r? sind cosd sing A,|=|cosd 0 -sinO|} 3rsind cose 4} | 0 1 0 | rsind cost singAt (10,n/2,3n/4), r= 10,0=0/2,9= 30/4 A=10(0a, +0.5a, B, B(p,9.2)= Vp +2 (re oor ro +] At (2,n/6D, p= 2,b=%/6,221 cosd -sind 0|] B, B=V5(2a, +0.4a, +4,)=4.472a, +0.8944a, +2.236a, Prob. 2.21 (@) d= (6-2) + 1-1)" + @- 5) = V29 = 5385 d’ = 345? - 2(3)(5)cosa+ (-1- 5)’ = 100 d= Ji00 =10 of =10? + 5? -2110}(5)cos% cos —2U10)(5Isin7 sin Fost - 3%) = 125~100{cos cosy -sinsinZ) =125-100cos75° = 99.12 4 d= 99.12 = 9.956,34 We can convert Q to cylindrical system and then use equation 2.32 aaa tQ ra4 O=% gat AtQr 5 85 p=rsind = 4sin90? =4 z 2 z=1 cosO = 400890" =0 Qis (4,/2,0). @ = p+ pi ~2p,p, 0089, -$) + (2-2) =10? +4? ~2(10)(4)cos(ar/4—/2)+0=59.431 Prob. 2.23 (2) An infinite line parallel to the z-axis. (b) Point (2,-1,10). A circleof radius rsin@=5 , i.e. the intersection of a cone and a sphere. An infinite line parallel to the z-axis. (e) A semi-infinite line parallel to the x-y plane. (f) Asemi-circle of radius 5 in the y-z plane.35 | Prob. 2.24 At 1(2.3,~4) TyyF @=tan'Y*Y — tan z cos¢= 4 = ing = 113 -0.7428,sine - 3 - 0.6695 Vo @=tan’® =tan'3 = 56.31 x 2 Coed eee erings vi3, = c0s6a, -sinda, = 4, = Sind. cos¢ a,+sindsingay+coséa, . 3714a, +0.557 la, -0.7428a,. | Prob. 2.25 i) At (1,607), p=1,6=60",2=—1, A=(-2-sin 60")a, +(4+2cos60")a, ~3(1—Da, 2.8664, +5a, +3a, | B=1cos60’a, +sin60°a, +a. =0.Sa, +0.866a, +4. la 1.4334+4.33+3 = 5.897 ae +254+90.25+ 0.866 +1 =9.1885 608 Oy, = AB b) | Let D=A x B. At (1,90°,0), p=1,¢=90",2=0 | A=~sin90"a, +4a, =~a, +4a, | B=1c0s90"a, +sin90"a, +a, a,+4, ! reel | D=axB=|1 4 0=4a,+0,-a, 1 o 14 : Gh-D_ a a “Yie+t+t =0.9428a, +0.2357a, ~0.2357a,sing =2 Prob.2.26 ALP(0,2,-5), $= 90% cos -sing 0][8, =|sing cosé 0|| 2, o 0 tla (@) A+ B = (2,4,10)+(-1,~5,-3) = a,-a, +74. AsB_ 52 (b) COSI%g =AZ™ = - (©) ©0595 =A (4200 xq = COS" =52 ) 143,369, Tango 43:36: AcB_ 52 A,= Aeay = = - 22. = 8.789, (c) Ay ao B Ys = Prob. 2.27 j, sin Osin $+G, cosOsing-+0 =6r’ sinOsin? 6+r? cosOsing At (2,-3,1),x=2,y=-3,2=1 r eae ety ee?37 21COSOSING G4 1-cos? lax rsind = COS" $a,+ 2cotAsinga,+ sin? gar sin@cos¢ sin@sing cose cos?¢ cosacosg cosésing -sina| | 2cotasing -sing cosg 0 | G, =sin@cos? $+ 2cosAsin’ $+ cos@sin’ ¢ =sin@cos* $+3cosésin’ ¢ | G, =cos@cos® ¢ + 2cot@cosésin’ g -sinasin? ¢ | G, =-singcos ¢ + 2cotdsingcos¢ sin? 6 | G=[sinecos* ¢+3cos0sin’ gJa, | — +[cos@cos*¢+ 2cotAcoséasin’ ¢ -sinasin’ gla, +singcos¢(2cotd-cos¢)a, | Prob. 2.29 | (@) J, =(Jea,)a,. | At(2, 2/2, 32/2), =cos@a, —sin Oa, = J, =—c0820 sin ga, = ~cos sin(3/2)a0 | (6, =n Zinray = tan tn2ay = In24, = (@) Ip=(Jeas)as @, = sin0 cos a,+ cos cosd ae— sing ay = ay. At (2, 1/2, 3n/2), Tr = In2ay.AIP, p=2, $=30% z=-1 H=10sin30a,+ 2cos30°a,+ 4a, = 5a,+1.732a,+ 4a:. (5, 1.732, 4) 0.7538.a,+ 0.261 1a,+0.603a:. (b)_ H, =H, cosé—H, sing =5psingcos¢ + pzcos¢sing orP at p=2, $=30, z H, =H,a, = (10sin30°cos30°- 2sin30°cos30%Ia, = 8sin30° cos30°a, 3.46414, (c) Normal to p=2is H, =H, a, =10singa,: ie. H, (@®) 5=r-a,+6-a,=x+y a plane 10=fra-f5 $ {Java xa, Ray =p ® a cylinder of infinite length39 P.E.31 er (@ DH = f rsin ous), a =3,90" 230" 460" = J frsino dd |, = 9(-coseygear 4ter +a 0. J JP sinodrdoag = 3 pas eo eos) 4.276.Gavdt= (+ f + fpaedi=c,+0,+¢, 2 2 Along (), C,= [Aed!= [ peosédpl,.o= Bi =2 | Along (2), dl = pd$ay, Aed!=0, C,=0 | Q 2 eyed Along (3), C,= [cose d py oe =— )=-1 5 foster =F GAedl =C, +C,+C,=240-1= | P33 | | ) i i | = y2x42)ar+x(x+2)aytxya. | vv w= at a a, ©) Sa" a0 os" 2 =(zsing+2p)a,+(zcosd — 7 sin2¢)ay+(psing+2zcos" 6) a: | 2. 7 | | j | eta fart Laos 4 Ba, 1 | Or sind j c0803iNd | agg —sinOsinginr , (cosOcosginr +r?) sind = (22288 sarge sndinglnr, ,exSrsslar tread | r r r |PEL34 yt z)art (x4 2)ayt (x4 ya ; | At (12,3), VO =(5,4,3) | 2,21) _ 21 | aaa where (2,2,1) = (3,4,4)—(1,2,3) Voea =(5,4,3)a |P.E.35 Let fox’yt+z-3, g=xlogz-y'+4, Vf = 2xyartx’ aytas, x Vg =logza.-2ya,+=a: z At P(-1,2,1), (5) cos = my.ny =) f Vi8xi7 Take positive value to get acute angle. an) O= cos" 5 PE.36 aA (By de ox’ dy At (1,-2,3), Ved (b) 1a. ves (eB, = opzsing—Lapz' sing = 2zsing - 32*sing Pp Pp = (2-3z)zsing. AGED, VeB=(2-3X)2 M024), Voc 6eos2 cost 63 63 P.E, 3.7. This is similar to Example 3.7. W=GDedS=¥, +, +, », =, since D has no z-component for 1 ¥. = |p? cos? dpddds =p" i cos” dd f de| # 20 p=4 = (4) x(l) =640 =040+64; By the divergence theorem, Deds = fv * Dav VeD=1 E (p'eos' b+ aarine + a = 3pcos’ $ + Zcos¢. Pp W=[VeDdv= | Bpcos? + =cosd)pdddedp ; ; Pp ieee Lo 4 \ =3erdp feos’ gag faz + [ap fcosgap fzdz =e = PE. 3.8 (a) VKA= (1-0) +ay(y—0)+a:(4y~2) = ast yay + (4y-2)az At (1,-2.3), VxA i 2ay las43 VxB= #H(0~6pscosg)+a4(psing—0)+a.- (692? cos—pzcos¢) = ~6pzcosgay+ psinga, +(6z-l)zcospa; At (5.5,-D,VxB = Sao | on i apr c0s=0) + Mt ¢— 2re08sind _ rsind r sind 312). (042rsindcos6) 2 r =r cotda,~(2eotOsing +31")ae+2sindcos pay At azo. VxC= 1.732a,—4.5a0+0.5a9 PE.39 GAedl=[(vxAeas f 1 But (VxA)=singa. +2280, and dS= pdédpa: { P \ [ox Aveas= ffasing adde a ; es = Theo, | =a-b+=ov ov ov av ove A = -Saet S- Sa Ja, =0 yz Gydz' dxdz O20x” dxdy Oydx aoe Zevey+ Fer Zo vV= ppprtesings 2p)+ Fe pesing- 227 Fpindcosss Seosings 2zc0s" ¢) = Feesings 4p)- Fplersings 22? cos2)+ 2c0s" 4. = 4+ 2cos’ g- 2 26 Via toy x cososing-+ 29+ r TS 12 sin? @singinr} Por P sind do 1 A + rggrghcossinginr] cosOsin ¢(1-2Inr—csc? @Inr) + 6¢45 PE. 3.12 If Bis conservative, Vx B=0 must be satisfied, 4, y pa y +zeosxz x xcoszxz| = Oart (cos.xz—xzsin xz—cosxz+ xzsinxz)a,+(I-Ia.= 0 Hence B i i dl=rsinodg, r=1, 0=30; : L= fat =rsino | ap = (sins ¢Z)- 0] = 05236. dl= rdO= 20615 - A = we. 5.236 o) Incylindrical, dS = pdpdg Seaeaa a! S= fas= [pdp fas 26) i 3 (© Inspherical, dS =r? sinddgdo a ES a % m u S= Jas =100 Jsinoae J4¢=100(27)(-cos6) | = 2002(0.5+0.7071)= 758.4 = é £ = = i Prob.3.3 (a) dV = dedyde La V = |dedyds = fax [dy fae = (0) (2- N3--3)= 6 ais (0) av = pdg¢d pdz ee ~2) 21 (05-4524) =352 = v= Jose oe Fh De Bae MNSMG = 352 = 119 (©) dv =r’ sind arch I ve jr fons =f cos0f5-@) 3G -ter- DS ae 5. 4538a 1 af fee] a 22 de [ag = 20,04 /3- 1/6) Prob. 3.6 fHedt= Joeacs y dy) Buton L, y=x? dy=2xdr48 lo Jas = J [+a = 2 cle = fers Ly dae = Jor +e =tyL 1, 92933 sho = 1 = a frea= £ a2 al ep Jel + Sowa Mat ep Be = 1205, - 32), =044-54 Let x=2t. y de=2dt, dy=dt, de=3dt; Jrea-= Jose -s? -162"°) dt 3 yf! =@ 40.519), = 395 Prob3.9 W= [Fedl= | zpd8 |..,4+ | pcosddz|, rsa i “ a = 04 2cos(/4)(3)=6c0s45°_= 4.243 J4 Prob. 3.10 E,] [cosé sing 0 F (@) | |=|-sing cos¢ off F, | Lk o 0 dle y= psing,x= poosp F, =F, cos@+F, sing = psingcosd , peosdsin = Pang cos? |, poosesing e Pp | dl =pdga,, p=2 ° Gra [ous fag-2 | Prob. 3.11 fro = Jor gf a yg + fo sendy syed a satay = fates fo yy Joos 102 Prob. 3.1250 = (10008 —z)a, -10singa, - pa, av, 1 ay, 1 &, wy, = bg 41%, kilts 3a oe 7 00” * rand ap * 2 1 (2. () =—Fooste, +041 (-2eing) a 2 ont Bite Prob. 3.13 w= vo, + Ua, 42a, @ x wy” & =e" coshza, +2e"” coshza, +e" sinhza, a,,14, a8 fa ++ 50,42, p rey uta 32 az. 3 =-=cos¢a, -—singa, +—cos¢a, eo rina + cst () — ow 1ew 1 ow Wo + a, 106° sind op * 56050 gr 2 cosy 506] (2292 aring}e o[arcony S801 1gMaG@ayezty” or 3@ +P 427)" xa, VI =2xax+2yay—ar At (11,2),V7'=(2,2,-1). The mosquito should move in the direction of 2a:+2ay-a; Prob. 3.16 VF =a,~2a, +a, VF _4,-2a, +4, 1F| Vivasi =2z? +sin2¢+2psin?¢ 9? 40-3Prob. 3.18 2 VeH =kVeVT =kV T OT OT in 7 T=t5+ = ox ay 2 Hence, VeH=0 a a a VveVA)= BV AZ” A+ VA) OV yy OA, =(44+v y+ (4,247. Ae apt aay ay yy 24y, 4. 2¥ py Pde Wave ip ear. OA, a=v(@4 244 Ody, Ox Oy @2z =VVeAt Av VeA=243-4=1; WW =yzastxza,+aya; Ve A)=VV0A +A00V = zt 2uye+3xy2—4ayz = 2x yz Prob. 3.20 AUR CUS AU) rad U= ax +——ay + ——ay Ot OK By Be =(2-2xy)ax + (2yz? —x?)ay +(x + 2y’z)az Div gradU = Ve vu = File DoF ove? Hx Zin +2y*2) =-2y +227 42y? = Az? +y?~y)38 x yA Dy yea, 2xyzar)+ {2200+ 2xy a+ x?Za4) ax ay az +2{2yax+x?y.a2) = Ayzant 3xy? ay + 4x°yZ0 Ver(reT)=3 (2xyz+xy' +x" yz”) = Oxyz + 3xy? +3x7yz? (revyr ay S28 +424] = x{2x)+ yl2y)+2(22) =P +y? +7") = 21? Prob. 3.22 We convert A to cylindrical coordinates; only the p-component is needed. A, = A, cosg+ A, sing = 2xcos$—z’ sing But x= peos¢, 4, =2poos' §-z? sing We fas = [JA,rddds = ff] 20° cos ¢— pz" sing age =2Q)7 “Fhaveoszpag [ae~2 [etd [sings Ley [e/2_, 2) 12 49+ 5sin29)f") -25 | (-eosp)|" 4 =24-2/3= 5.616534 Prob. 3.23 @ qDeds= if “ff +f eds = |Je? cos? gpd + fp? cos? paid + {2 peztdgar| Pa 2 = 2157 Joe [z'02=+s012ni65 hi 18 itary nag? (Ve D=1£ p's?) =42 PD JveDav = fff4z? edpagae = 4fetde [ode [as +88 2 = 4x2] 3 ; 1 ek] ~~ = 209.44 e 209.44 *(2n)= lo mo) he10cos6r’ sin. aos i n= 5 sto 620 =100)? fag f sind cosad0 =10(2n) f sind(sind) = 209 08 2 Prob. 3.25 @) i GAeds = [VeAd, Ves=yrerx t | 2 ton = 31.416 0 aa Gacas= Jf forty endete aaa hoe ga =3 fda fau fdr = 31] OO 13 | ) | | VeA=0. Hence, GAedS=0 i Prob. 3.26 i-ds = |v-Hav 3 ‘ GH-d = - ff2xydyaz : i <0 S2xvaver| = ffx? +27 }axaz| K=1 y= + [foe + 2?)axaz bo” [fovecnay|, it [foveancy|, - \ 4 | 0+ 2Irdy fox +2 fo fyoy + 6 fbx ‘ydy a ai =124+34+9=24 OH, . SH, | dH, vena th Th ay sos 2y = 4) Be ae ae Tato dy Ay56 V-Hav = [{faydxdydz = Ax Jray fox ie 2 =a fron 24 | | Prob. 3.27 ods = Wi +W. +s Pan 4m | = 0+ f fivzpagdpl..,+ | [5 occtdde|,_, 060 09% } = 10(4)(27)19/2)+ 5(9)(2)4 = 2261.95 { | Side 2: i { la. | w= JveBdy, VB =——(5p")+04+10=10+10=20 ' : pop 1 48 213 i lve [fJeoa=20 || J eaedpde = wonco( 2) | = 7207 = 2261.95w we ’ ve Let y= ¥,+W2 t¥a ta ts -j os “I eon 0 ‘f opsngeea = I [coset + 5 ihoceaa leo po02e-1 leer? The last term is zero since cos90° = 0. Ls J soe cos¢|)~ sol Sse 2 2 :58 PF, Te 4 E—20sing—Asing 41 =16sing+1 v= i (16sin$ +1) pddd pdz =16 J pp | sing [e+ Jodo fap fac ~o 8 3b 84 7 eI! a4 3% - =160/240[ a |] e/2¥0)=244 ze Prob. 3.29 1 rsin@ =4r +2cos6 cosd 1é é VeA=——(r* ——(rsin® Ast Fy sin’ Bc054) fv 9 Ady = fffar’ sin @d0d¢dr + flee sin@cosOcos¢dOd¢dr ite, Qn cos*O2 yt b QS he sing = 47 [\-cos9)) 2 =810() Mae 81F) +1804 1-0) = 19-13623 ag facas = Uf Sf +S J4eas59 .as no ¢— component, the first two integrals on the right hand side vanisl ince Jacas="f “frsinaaoad,, + i i 1 sin? 8 cos ddrdg| oo 6 oso loons? =81 ® Ceosoyf." + 9(1)singl"” = 9 -136.23 2 Prob. 3.30 Let y = Greas = VAM tty, where y,, Vs» Wy» Y; are the fluxes through the top surface, bottom surface, outer surface (9 =3), and inner surface respectively. For the top surface, dS= pdédpa., 2 =5 Fed = p’ z dg dz. Hence: soe For the bottom surface, z= 0, dS = pdpdo(-a:) FedS=-p'zdg dp =0. Hence, y,=0. For the outer curved surface, p=3, dS = pdddza, Fed = p’ sing dg dz. Hence, Jas ‘fsingdd_.~0 For the inner curved surface, p=2, d $= pdgdz(-a,) FedS =~-p' sing d@ dz. Hence, = 187 04040 =e60. v= GFeds= [vera 18) seingygl 2 Ver =-( + — ) + aap psing) pap 7s) pe i =3psing— =sing+p Pp [Vera = [[JGosind—2sing+ p) pdddpa P =0+0+ Je fab [o'ap amelie 190 © 3 Prob. 3.31 (a) pia ae! eae woe lax OY | ny ye =x i xB -(Z2masinscors-o}e, +(2pz-2zsin? g}a, + (2osin’¢-o)a = Azsingcos¢a, + 2(pz-zsin? gJa, + 2sin’ ga, = 2zsin2pa, + 22(p~sin® gla, + 2sin? ga, | ie) aa" osino]a, -! ait L'cos*a|a, rsin@| ae —_[(2c0s0}{-sin0)sind + cosalcos* 6), a8 9 ora, _ (cos? a-2sin? @cosd) ~2cos* 6a, sind 1 | | arid L6 =b 24 2 4, 04, 1 8(p4,)_ 94, a ames aot ye oo we = 0-O)art(o! Seay Foe, = (p? =32?)ay+4p* a: veda ot], +4] = cos rsindl 7lane ___sing cos¢ cosg sagt tag ptt rsind "sind 4, pw sing _ +0470 = 0| @) Gredi=(f +fef rear For l.y=x dy =dt,dl = dra,+dyay, | 1 7 Fedl= xd I f | Pde xde 7 i i a | | For 2, y=-x42,dy =-dedl = deat dya, 4 7 } edI= [(-x’ a = Jr dt fe ¥ 42x x4 Did = For 3, fred frye] 70 | | (b) | VxF=-x?a,; dS =dxdy(-a,) i \ * x2 xy) = felon + ergo 4h (c) Yes i | Prob3.34 | 1. 11 2 GAcal= [esinecto|, + ‘foreas|,_+ [psnser| I | fivxF)eas = = ff[laxay = [feavax + j f eayax ' 60 i 50 2 + fx-x+2jdx= 5 | Jette tee 5 p= 90" 7 | ° +f etl rar)8 | F,] [cosé sing O}[2xy F,|=|-sing cos¢ 0] y FE 0 o io F,=-2xysing +ycos¢ pcosy, = -y=psing F,=-2p’ cosgsin’ ¢ + psingcosd But x Prob. 3.38 | We need coordinate transformation to get F, =2-8-16 sin? galsing)+4 5 sndctiog 2 =-6+16/3-4/2=-2.67 Prob. 3.36 A. qredi= Jor, | 1 foesing oc, =e") P -ecosg)!” 7 t =2,7= 1 vel =(4-0)+ 6-cosw/4+1}+(0-4) = 1.757 grazie], + Fron _ ot foe _ 9 5 5 = bx y| ft lécos¢sin? $+ 4singcos¢d}dé sh 2 pzd, 1i 2 al fivx}-cs= f [sing exc =3{2)(-cos¢) oo #0 =6-cosa +1)=1.757 Prob. 3.37 V-A=8xe” +8xe = 16xe VIV-A)=16e%a, -16xe"a, 4a, vyv-aj=}2 2 2 ox oy | be” -16xe” 0 Should be expected since VxVV = 0. 4 =(-16e7 +1627Ja, =0 Prob. 3.38 sindcos¢, , cosdcos¢ sin @ w= SneeeF a, +e OS O86 a, tha (b) XV © v-W=V°V Aat-sinocos 2 pnp lOSOCOSH) 1 at H+ Sino reo teal oe cos¢ =0 = 2sin? 9) - S058 ging 28 Ol ae 6 2sindcosg =e[Prob3.39 Q = —rsino{(cos¢—sin$)a.+(cosd+sing)a,] rsind i = r(cosg—sing)a.+r(cos¢+sing)a, Q,|=|cosdcoss cosdsing -sina|| Q, Q,] [sindcosg sinOsing cos )[Q, 2, sing cos 0 JLa, Q=rsinBa, + rcosOao + ray i i d= pdgar, p= rsin30°= 265) =1 | z=rcos30°=V3 Q=r=\p+2 Gara= i Ve? +2 pdd=2(N(2x) = 4x VxQ= cotOa, - 2a0 + cosBay | For S,, dS = r'sin@d0dga, JivxQ)eas = frsinBcotadodg| ‘ | = S fag feosado= ax ! For S,, dS =rsinOd0drav i fivxoyeas = -2frsinddbdr, =-2sin30 {rar ‘faeFor S, dS =r? sinadédoa, [a-as =P fsin? ecodg| _, on =8 fag [sin?ode a For S,, dS=rsindd¢drav [a-as = JP sinacosedgar], 3 = = 7.2552 3 20-1 2 Psi 2 6 VeQ= 5S (? sind) + Fp indeose)+0 caene rsinO = 2sin@+cosOcotO Jo eQav = fi2sine+cosecotey’ sinadedgdr Pp Pra, fox in? a}de Flp!2") I! sin’ Prob. 3.40 Since u= @xr, Vxu=Vx(@x 1). From Appendix A.10, Vx (AxB) = A[V © B)-BIV * A}+(B»V)A-(Ae V)B6 | Vxu=Vx(oxr) | Vx(@xr)=a(V er)—r(Vew)+(reV)@ — (@eV)r i | =0(3)-0= 20 | | ot a= 4x0 | Alternatively, let x=reos@i, y=rsinot ae 2a, | at ar = -orsinota, + arcosata, = -wyar + oxay e@6 2@ vxu=|0x Oy @2\=20a:=20 Loy ox 0 ie, @=1Vxu 2 Note that we have used the fact that Vew=0, (reVJo=0, (weV)r=@ | Prob. 3.41 | (a) + Pp aH, aH a, +| 2 - e'Le& ap = apsinga, +3p+4c039)a, +0 Pp | | inga, +3p+4eos9)a, |68 (rn — = =] Le a, VG = —=(r'G, (G, sin) + ot Foe 5 a0! esin 6) + rsind a6 Loos ia eae ao =3+—!_2sinc0s0 =34 20080 and Baaeee) 1 ft ag, 6 G= (G, sind) — ~|—S* -20g, tse sind) elo, ay 36 2) | 2G, +42 0G)- % | | =04042 2 sinda, =2sinda, Prob. 3.42 (a) V(VVV}EV. ve av Cay, o oz ee 2.2 yor +2(v%) a) a ey) aC & | 2 5 2 ar thoy Bt BE} (HY 28) | PO a Lae) ay) ae | ViVs|VvP |vxva=y|( 42 |g (4-H) {24 24), ya) a oe) ae a) ea Pn ey ee ee ay 7 & a ae ae =VVKA+WxA Prob. 3.43 Method 1: 4, 4, a, a a @ e vxF=}| 2 2 & |=(-12x2)a, +(42-2a, +(62 +5)a, oe a @ ¢ a, +( ) \(2z?-Sy) 6xz? (2x+y)} a, 4% 4, vxvxF=| 2 aes 2 | .-4a,-12x0, & y & \-12xz) (42-2) (62 +5) At (1,2, -3), x=1, VxVx F=—4a, 12a,= | Method 2: I VxVx F=V(VeER)-V'F | ver=0 WF =V?Fa,+V7Fa,+V Fa. VxVx F =0-(4a, +12xa,)=—4a, V, = pz? sin2¢ é 2 2 24)- BGP sn20) z VV, = i 1) | V,=r7(1+cosasing) j 1é VV; pate t+ cosésing)] 1 i sin’ Osing)r* + = 6+ 4cosOsing- sin’ 0 ja, +120, ? 2 az = sinag ~ sin2g + 2psin2¢ 1 p P t oo resin’ 2sind = 6(1+ cosOsing)— Fa cosbsing. cosOsing sin2¢ +L (2pasin26) 13(- cosOsing)