Gruenwald 1

Emily Gruenwald

English 1201.511

Professor Lindsey Slanker

27 June 2019

Annotated Bibliography

My paper will be about vaccinations. I want to understand why people aren’t vaccinating

their children and the impact of that. Recently in the news there has been outbreaks of diseases

that can be prevented by vaccinations. However, diseases like measles, are coming back because

people refuse to vaccinate their children. People believe that vaccinations lead to autism or

different disorders or diseases. So, I want to find out if vaccinations actually lead to the things

people are claiming.

Giroir, Brett P. “This Is the Truth About Vaccines.” The New York Times, The New York Times,

6 Mar. 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/03/06/opinion/vaccines-autism-flu.html.

Brett Giroir, Robert Redfield and Jerome Adams wrote “This Is the Truth About

Vaccines.” This article was published in the New York Times on March 16, 2019. The main

point of this article is to inform people that diseases like polio, measles, diphtheria are showing

up again. The authors are stressing that we cannot let these diseases comeback. These diseases

are killing thousands of people each year. Since these diseases are vaccine preventable, we can

put a stop to these outbreaks if everyone would get vaccinated.

The purpose of this articles is to inform Americans that we have the power to stop these

outbreaks if we all get vaccinations. The audience for this piece is all Americans especially

parents because they need to start vaccinating their children. This article was written in March

2019. It shows that this problem is getting bigger and bigger and we need to put stop to it.
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The authors of this article are Brett Giroir, Robert Redfield and Jerome Adams. Admiral

Giroir is the assistant secretary for Health and Human Services. Dr. Redfield is the director of the

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vice Admiral Adams is the surgeon general. These

men are all very qualified in their field. Their expertise has me confident that they have the

adequate information for this article. They all work in the medical field, so they know how

important vaccinations are. Also, this article was posted to The New York Times and that is a

very popular and credible newspaper that has been around for a long time.

This article will be very important in my paper. It stresses that people need vaccinations

because these diseases are coming back and killing thousands of people. IT answers the impact

part of my question. I will also use the statistic and evidence to support claims in my paper.

Hviid, Anders, et al. “Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccination and Autism: A Nationwide Cohort

Study.” Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 170, no. 8, Apr. 2019, pp. 513–

520. EBSCOhost, doi:10.7326/M18-2101.

Anders Hviid and three other doctors conducted a study called, “Measles, Mumps,

Rubella Vaccination and Autism: A Nationwide Cohort Study”. This study was published to the

US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health on March 5, 2019. They

researched the link between the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine and autism. They conducted

this study in Demark. This study found that MMR vaccination does not increase the risk for

autism, it does not trigger autism in susceptible children, and is not associated with clustering of

autism cases after vaccination.

The writer’s purpose was to disprove the link between autism and vaccinations. The

authors did a nationwide study and provided data to back up their claim. The purpose is to show

that people need to be vaccinated and they shouldn’t be worried about vaccinations causing other
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diseases. The audience is anyone who is worried that autism is cause by vaccinations or anyone

in that gets vaccinations. Since it was written in 2019 the information is very relevant today.

The author is Anders Hviid. He and his fellow doctors that conducted the study with him

are very credible. They are all professionals in their field, and they went through a lot of

training and schooling to get to where they are. The article also lists all of their credentials. The

study is also posed on US National Library of Medicine National Institutes and that is a reliable

website.

This is very relevant for my paper because it lists a reason why people refuse to vaccinate

their children and then it disproves it. This source enforces the need for vaccinations. This source

also gives me a lot of statistics and scientific evidence to include in my paper to help persuade

my audience.

McKee, Chephra, and Bohannon, Kristin. “Exploring the Reasons Behind Parental Refusal of

Vaccines.” The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics: JPPT: The

Official Journal of PPAG, Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group, 2016,

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869767/.

Chephra Mckee and Kristin Bohannon are the authors of “Exploring the Reasons Behind

Parental Refusal of Vaccines”. This article was published in the Journal of Pediatric

Pharmacology and Therapeutics in 2016. This article explores the reasons behind why parents

refuse to vaccinate their children. The reasons fall under four categories, religious reasons,

personal beliefs or philosophical reasons, safety concerns, and a desire for more information

from healthcare providers.

The purpose of writing this article was to educated people on why parents are refusing to
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vaccinated their children. The authors also believe that if healthcare providers understand the

concerns of the parents, they can try to educate the parents on why the children need to be aware

of immunizations and help come up with a plan to keep the children safe and healthy. The

audience is anyone interested in vaccinations and the reasons why parents refuse to vaccinate

their children. It was written in 2016 and it is about the growing problem of parents not getting

their children vaccinated.

The authors are Chephra Mckee and Kristin Bohannon. They are both pharmacists. The

website has an option to look at both authors education and credentials. The authors have the

adequate information to write this article because their claims are fully supported by facts, charts,

scientific evidence and statistics. Logos is very present in the article. The source is reliable

because it was posted in the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health and

was published in the Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Those are two really

reliable websites and sources.

I will use this source frequently in my paper. It is filled will good information about

parental refusal of vaccinations. It lists the categories then goes into detail explaining them so I

will use these 4 categories to answer my questions. Each category will have a section in my

paper, and I will dig deeper into the information.

Mostafavi, Beata. “New Study Emphasizes Harm of Vaccine Refusals.” The Harm of Vaccine

Refusals | Michigan Health Lab, 29 Apr. 2016, labblog.uofmhealth.org/body-work/new-

study-emphasizes-harm-of-vaccine-refusals.

Beata Mostafavi is the author of “New Study Emphasizes Harm of Vaccine Refusals”. He

interviews Dr. Matthew Davis about Vaccinations. They discuss the risk of vaccine refusal. Dr.

Matthew Davis conducted a study after the measles and pertussis outbreak and came to a
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conclusion that vaccinations are to blame. He found that over one-half of the cases of the

measles outbreak came from people who weren’t vaccinated or under vaccinated. Another

problem is children being under vaccinated. If people do not receive the right dose, they are still

at risk to get these harmful diseases.

The purpose of this article is to inform people about the harm of vaccine refusals and

stress the importance of getting the right dosages, so people aren’t under vaccinated. This article

was written in 2016, right after the Disneyland measles outbreak so this is written to inform the

public about how important vaccinations are so no more outbreaks happen.

The writer of this piece is Beata Mostafavi. She has 10 years of journalism experience

and is a writer for the University of Michigan health lab. She covers content related to health

issues. The website lists all of her credentials. She has adequate information because she has all

of her sources and information cited and she is interviewing a credible source. She also is a

journalist for the University of Michigan health lab and that is a credible website.

This information is very relevant to my paper. The topic if under vaccination is another

problem I can dig deeper into for my paper. I will use Dr. Matthew Davis study to help reinforce

the information about vaccination refusal. This source will help me prove that vaccinations are

important.

Rudy, Lisa Jo. “Why Do People Think the MMR Vaccine Causes Autism?” Verywell Health,

Verywell Health, 29 Apr. 2019, www.verywellhealth.com/the-mmr-vaccination-autism-

controversy-260556.

Lisa Rudy wrote “Why Do People Think the MMR Vaccine Causes Autism?”. This

article was published to VeryWell Health in 2019. This article explains the MMR controversy

and how it started. Dr. Andrew Wakefield was responsible for the start of the controversy based
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on his report he published in 1992. The report claims that the vaccination causes leaky gut and

the immune system weakens and autoimmune reactions start, and some children can start to

develop autism because of that. Since then many researchers have looked into his claims and

disproved it. There is no link between autism and the MMR vaccination. However, Dr. Andrew

Wakefield was the start of parent’s refusal for vaccines.

The purpose of this article is to inform readers about the conspiracy and to inform them

that the conspiracy is not true. The audience is anyone concerned about vaccinations and the

effects of them. The article was updated in 2019 so the information is still relevant. This

conspiracy has been around for a long time and people are still trying to inform the public that

there is no link.

The author of this article is Lisa Jo Rudy. She is a big autism advocate. She has her

education listed, books and other highlights listed on the website. She also got the article

reviewed by a board-certified physician. This is a reliable source because they get all of their

information checked by physicians and they have credible authors posting their stories.

This article is very relevant to my paper because the link between autism and

vaccinations is a major topic in my paper so I will use a lot of good information from this piece.

This is one of the reasons parents refuse to vaccinate their children and that answers my research

question.

Schultz, Sarah. “The Choice Not To Vaccinate Doesn't Only Affect You!” VaccinesToday, 18

Apr. 2019, www.vaccinestoday.eu/stories/the-choice-not-to-vaccinate-doesnt-only-affect-

you/.

Sarah Schultz is author of The Choice Not To Vaccinate Doesn't Only Affect You”. The

article was published to Vaccines Today on July 26, 2015. In this article she stresses all the
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indirect effects of not getting vaccinated. She explains that it doesn’t just affect you it affects

everyone around you. She hopes people will make an educated and informal decision regarding

your choice to vaccinated or not.

The purpose of this article was to inform people about the impact of not getting

vaccinated. The audience is anyone who wants to become educated on vaccinations. The article

was written in 2015 right around the time when there started to be an outbreak of diseases. The

information will still be relevant today because there are still outbreaks.

The author of this article is Sarah Schultz. She is a registered nurse, so she comes in

contact with vaccinations every day and she is very educated over them. She also has a blog

called NurseLovesFarmer. The website is called Vaccines Toady and it’s an online platform that

discuses vaccinations. The website is composed of experts and executives and medical doctors.

This information is relevant to my paper because it explains the impact of people not

getting vaccinated. I will have a section in my paper about all different effects and how it effects

the population.

Talks, TEDx, director. Why Parents Fear Vaccinations. Performance by Tara Haelle , YouTube,

YouTube, 2 May 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggtkzkoI3eM.

Tara Haelle is the person giving the TED talk called, “Why Parents Fear Vaccinations.”

This video was posted to YouTube on May 2, 2016. The main topic of this video is vaccination

hesitancy and refusal. She also talks about how this is a global health threat. Many people are

hesitant about vaccinations. People need to become educated and need to understand how

vaccinations work.

The purpose of this article is to inform people about vaccination hesitancy and refusal but

to encourage them to become educated. The audience is anyone unsure about vaccinations. This
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was posted in 2016 and that was when some of these diseases were appearing, so she was

encouraging people to become vaccinated.

The presenter is Tara Haelle . She is a freelance science and multimedia journalist who

writes for Forbes and many other websites. She holds a master's in photojournalism from the

University of Texas at Austin and has published her images in several publications. She has

adequate information because she did her research and shows lots of charts and stories to back up

her information. This source is reliable because TED talks are really popular and have become a

huge platform for people to get out their stories.

This will be relevant for my paper because she talks a lot about vaccination hesitancy,

and she said she was one person who was hesitant but then realized how important it is to

become educated on vaccinations, so she is a good source to include in my paper. It helps answer

why parents refuse to vaccinate their children. It is different from all the other reasons because

they aren’t against them, they are just hesitant.